Kajaki Dam a Success

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kajaki Dam a Success Official Magazine of ISAF Issue 49 July 2008 MIRROR ISAFInternational Security Assistance Force • Issue 50 September 2008 • New Kajaki Dam turbine delivery a success Page 20 Images from Afghanistan Page 10 COMISAF Intent n full partnership with the grow- Security Forces against the ing institutions of the Islamic insurgents’ strategy and oth- IRepublic of Afghanistan, and ers who forcibly oppose the within the means allocated by progress of this campaign. NATO and the many nations sup- We will assist in demonstrat- porting the mission, ISAF demon- ing the growing capacity of strates NATO’s commitment to the ANSF to meet the GIRoA’s security, reconstruction and the security challenges, and will extension of governance in Af- operate in such a way as to ghanistan. Further, ISAF demon- demonstrate respect for the strates both the will and capacity to Afghan people and their cul- apply irresistible force by, through, ture in order to effect their di- and in support of Afghan National rect support of our endeavor. ISAF Mission Conduct military operations in the assigned area of operations to assist the Government of Afghanistan in the establishment and maintenance of a safe and secure envi ronment with full engage- ment of Afghan National Security Forces, in order to extend gov- ernment authority and influence, thereby facilitating Afghanistan’s Gen. David D. McKiernan reconstruction and contributing to regional stability. Commander, ISAF ISAF operations are divided among five regional commands: Editorial Staff Regional Command Capital (approx strength 5,900) Royal Navy Captain Mark Windsor •HQ ISAF in Kabul (Composite) Chief, Public Affairs •HQ RC-C in Kabul (FRA) Regional Command South (approx strength 23,800) US Navy Lieutenant •HQ RC-S in Kandahar (CAN) Jessica L. Gandy Regional Command West (approx strength 2,500) Chief, Multipurpose Public Affairs/ Editor •HQ RC-W in Herat (ITA) Regional Command North (approx strength 4,300) Turkish Army First Lieutenant •HQ RC-N in Mazar-e-Sharif (DEU) Yuksel Kilic Regional Command East (approx strength 16,400) Chief Internal Command Affairs •HQ RC-E in Bagram (USA) US Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Michael E. Wagoner Layout and Design Front Page: Back Page: Austrailian soldier stand Afghan girl steps out of her Turkish Army Sergeant 1st Class guard in Tarin Kowt. home in Kandahar. Ramazan Cagliyan Photo by: PO1 John Collins Photo by: PO1 John Collins Assistant Layout and Design 2 ISAF MIRROR SEPTEMBER 2008 official magazine of isaf ISAF MIRROR CONTENTS Pages 4-5 Regional Command Capital Pages 6-7 Regional Command East Pages 8-9 Regional Command North Pages 10-11 Images from Afghanistan Pages 12-15 Winning in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Page 16-17 Interview with Command Sergeant Major Savusa Page 18 NRDC - Turkey Begins Duty in ISAF HQ Page 19 Reagan Supports Coalition Forces in Afghanistan Pages 20-21 Regional Command South Page 22 Regional Command West Pages 23 Success Stories Around Afghanistan ISAF Mirror is a Headquarters International Security Assistance Force Public Affairs product intended for the information and entertainment of ISAF and associated person- nel. Though articles have been edited, opinions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the policies of NATO, Joint Forces Command Headquarters Brunssum or ISAF. The Mirror is published every two months (March, May, July, September and November) and distributed among the regional commands. View it on-line at www.nato.int/isaf. Submissions to ISAF Mirror should be related to ISAF operations; however, other articles may be run based on their appeal to an international military audience. Articles should be sent in Microsoft Word format and photos should be at least 4.5 cm at 300 dpi resolution. Include identifying information of authors. E-mail submissions to jessica.gandy@ hq.isaf.nato.int. The deadline for submissions is the 25th day of the month prior to publication. To contact the editor, call DSN 318 686 2466 or e-mail [email protected]. www.nato.int/isaf ISAF MIRROR SEPTEMBER 2008 3 Regional command capital + RC - CAPITAL CHANGE OF COMMAND Story courtesy of Camp Warehouse abul - On August 5th, Re- and ISAF.” He also stressed the close gional Command Capital`s cooperation between RC-C and ANSF K(RC-C) change of com- improving security in Kabul area. mand ceremony took place at Camp RC-C troops engaged local popula- Warehouse between Italian Brigadier tion constantly and comprehensively, General Federico Bonato, command- providing medical and veterinary ac- ing RC-C since December 2007 and tivities in remote villages; realizing French General Michel Stollsteiner. several projects like schools, clinics During his speech, General Bonato and hospitals; increasing agriculture wanted to thank all the soldiers of the and preventing famine in rural areas. RC-C and summarized the activities At the end of ceremony, General of the last eight months. David McKiernan thanked the former “I am really proud to have been your Commander of RC-C underlining how commander,” he said to all the troops, much he appreciated his commitment “we carried out a lot of activities for to achieving a difficult mission and the population, we increased the con- also wished success to the new Com- fidence among the locals, the GiROA mander. 4 ISAF MIRROR SEPTEMBER 2008 RC - CAPITAL CHANGE OF COMMAND 20 Afghan Students Visit Story courtesy of Camp Warehouse Turkey for First Time urkish Battle Group Civil- ter that, they went to Istanbul, which is of them: seeing another country and Military Co-Operation Team one of the most beautiful cities in the another culture, learning the world Tarranged a ten day Turkey visit World. In Istanbul, they visited many outside Afghanistan. They were very for 20 Afghan students in early August. historical places like Dolmabahce pleased with the Turkish Nation’s hos- It was arranged by the coordination Palace, Topkapi Palace and the Blue tility. between Turkish Battle Group CIMIC Mosque. They also had the chance to TU BG CIMIC Team commander Team and Turkish Armed Forces Gen- make a tour to the Istanbul Bosporus. Capt. Murat METE (TUR ARMY) eral Staff Command. During the visit In Istanbul, they visited Kuleli Mili- said that a dream became reality for an Afghan interpreter and Afghan in- tary High School from which many the 20 Afghan students and TU BG structor escorted the students. The stu- at of the Turkish officers studied be- CIMIC Teams would participate in dents were chosen among the attend- fore the War Academy. After Istanbul this kind of tour in the future. ees at the Turkish Language course, they went on their tour in Cankkale, TU BG is helping Afghan people which is one of the courses that TU an important place in Turkish Military not only in security but also in other BG is conducting in Kabul area. These history for the battle of 1915. In Cana- fields like craft courses, Turkish lan- were the most successful students in kkale, they visited the theatre of World guage course, computer science, sew- the course. War I and historical Truva. ing, embroidery and carpentry. After arriving in Turkey, they began Despite visiting just a small part of Nearly 500 Afghans are participat- their visit from the capital Ankara. Turkey they were very pleased. They ing in these courses. These courses They visited the mausoleum of Mus- also made a good practice of their new are very useful for improving the eco- tafa Kemal ATATURK, founder of language (Turkish) during the visit. nomic situation of the Afgan the modern Turkish Republic Turkey, The visit was just ten days but Af- population. other historical places and also the ghan students will never forget it. This Turkish Great National Assembly. Af- kind of visit was a dream for many www.nato.int/isaf ISAF MIRROR SEPTEMBER 2008 5 Regional command east + Afghan Commandos, Coalition Forces Disrupt Taliban Stronghold in Zeriko Valley Story courtesy of Gardez PRT AGRAM AIR FIELD, Af- claimed. After routing the enemy, the ness without the Combined Joint Task ghanistan — A team of Afghan Commandos freed 16 local men held Force-101’s Task Force Eagle air as- BNational Army Commandos, captive in the leader’s compound and sets landing us right on top of the Tali- advised by US Special Operations destroyed several Taliban weapons ban. The element of surprise took the Forces, attacked a Taliban sanctuary caches. wind out of their sails before the fight in western Afghanistan’s Zeriko Val- “We wanted to gauge the Taliban’s even started.” ley recently. fighting abilities, their weapons sys- The Marine SOF team leader said he The combined forces sought to lib- tems and their chain-of-command ef- believes the operation sends an impor- erate locals in the stronghold estab- fectiveness within the Zeriko Valley,” tant message to both the Taliban and lished by a Taliban commander, who said a US SOF team sergeant. “Their the people of Afghanistan. is coordinating both the acquisition failure to defend themselves only “The Taliban can go anywhere in and movement of weapons and sup- proved how inferior they really are as this country and attempt to establish a plies, and the movement and employ- fighters.” sanctuary and we’ll be one step behind ment of Taliban fighters within Farah With increased Commando opera- to drive them out,” the team leader province. tions and diminishing Taliban pres- said. “There will be no safe haven for The Commandos and their SOF ence, the people living in the Zeriko Taliban fighters in this country. You advisors landed in the village of Par- Valley can lead safer lives. can be sure of that.” makan July 16. “We have people from the Zeriko “Our intent was to put them into a coming to talk to the Commando lead- dilemma where they could either come ership to thank the government for go- out and fight like men or run away and ing into the valley,” said a Marine SOF yield a position of significance while team sergeant.
Recommended publications
  • Unlocking NATO's Amphibious Potential
    November 2020 Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE J.D. WILLIAMS, GENE GERMANOVICH, STEPHEN WEBBER, GABRIELLE TARINI Unlocking NATO’s Amphibious Potential Lessons from the Past, Insights for the Future orth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members maintain amphibious capabilities that provide versatile and responsive forces for crisis response and national defense. These forces are routinely employed in maritime Nsecurity, noncombatant evacuation operations (NEO), counterterrorism, stability operations, and other missions. In addition to U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) and U.S. Navy forces, the Alliance’s amphibious forces include large ships and associated landing forces from five nations: France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK). Each of these European allies—soon to be joined by Turkey—can conduct brigade-level operations, and smaller elements typically are held at high readiness for immediate response.1 These forces have been busy. Recent exercises and operations have spanned the littorals of West and North Africa, the Levant, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. Given NATO’s ongoing concerns over Russia’s military posture and malign behavior, allies with amphibious capabilities have also been exploring how these forces could contribute to deterrence or, if needed, be employed as part of a C O R P O R A T I O N combined and joint force in a conflict against a highly some respects, NATO’s ongoing efforts harken back to the capable nation-state. Since 2018, NATO’s headquarters Cold War, when NATO’s amphibious forces routinely exer- and various commands have undertaken initiatives and cised in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic as part of a convened working groups to advance the political intent broader strategy to deter Soviet aggression.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study of Environmental Social Impact Assessment Methodology - Kajaki Hydropower Plant Project, Helmand, Afghanistan
    Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 10 Issue 01, January-2021 A Case Study of Environmental Social Impact Assessment Methodology - Kajaki Hydropower Plant Project, Helmand, Afghanistan Hussain Etemadi Reza Khodadadi CEO, Omran Geotechnic Company, Environmental expert, Omran Geotechnic Company, Kabul, Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan. Mohammad Amin Etemadi Marzia Hussaini Environmental expert, Omran Geotechnic Company, Social Expert, Afghanistan Ministry Of Foreign Affairs, Kabul, Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan. Sathyanarayanan S Undergraduate, Govandi, Mumbai, India. Abstract— Construction activities in general have adverse additional 18.5 MW turbine was recently added to the existing effects on the surrounding environment. One of the efforts to powerhouse. Work on the planned service spillway radial keep the impact on the environment on check is Environmental gates, emergency spillway alternative, and raising the dam Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The most convincing crest commenced during the late 1970s but construction definition of ESIA is a comprehensive document of a project’s activities ceased during the Soviet occupation and these potential environmental, social risks and impacts (IFC – 2012). This paper aims to delineate the process involved in assessing facilities were never completed. Consequently, the reservoir the impacts of one such construction, a construction of a has never been impounded to its design level of 1045 m. powerhouse in Kajaki Dam, Afghanistan. This powerhouse was constructed next to pre-existing powerhouse which comprises of The Kajaki Dam was built in the 1950s by the American three units. Along with the construction of a powerhouse an firm Morrison-Knudsen on contract with the then emergency spillway was also constructed and the penstock (4.9- Afghanistan’s Royal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Buildup and Battle
    Buildup and Battle Afghanistan’s Bagram Airfield has grown to accommodate a greater Air Force mission. Photography by Clive Bennett Text by June Lee 46 AIR FORCE Magazine / December 2010 Buildup and Battle A C-17 Globemaster III rolls to a stop on a Bagram runway after a resupply mission. Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, has been a hotspot for NATO and US operations in Southwest Asia and there are no signs of the pace letting up. AIR FORCE Magazine / December 2010 47 n Afghanistan, Bagram Airfield Ihosts several thousand airmen and other troops, deployed from all over the world. The 455th Air Expedition- ary Wing at Bagram provides air support to coalition and NATO Inter- national Security Assistance Forces on the ground. |1| The air traffic control tower is one of the busiest places on Bagram Airfield, with more than 100 movements taking place in a day. Civilian air traffic control- lers keep an eye on the runway and the skies above Afghanistan. |2| An F-15E from the 48th Fighter Wing at RAF Lakenheath, UK, taxis past revetments for the start of another mission. All F-15s over Afghanistan fly two-ship sorties. |3| A CH-47 Chinook from the Georgia Army National Guard undergoes line main- tenance by Army Spc. Cody Staley and Spc. Joe Dominguez (in the helicopter). 1 2 3 48 AIR FORCE Magazine / December 2010 1 22 3 4 5 |1| A1C Aaron Simonson gives F-16 C-17 at Bagram wait to be unloaded. EFS, Hill AFB, Utah, and the 79th pilot Capt. Nathan Harrold the ap- These mine-resistant ambush-pro- EFS, Shaw AFB, S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Finally, I Am Grateful for the Continuous Support of My Parents,Siblings, Husband, Host Family, and Friends
    Master Thesis in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies Uppsala University "WE ARE FIGHTING A WATER WAR" The Character of the Upstream States and Post-TreatyTransboundary Water Conflict in Afghanistan and India MARYAM SAFI [email protected] Supervisor: Kristine Höglund Spring 2021 Map 1. Helmand River and Indus River (Source: the University of Nebraska Omaha, n.d.) 1 ABSTRACT Transboundary water treaties are often expected to prevent conflicts over waters from shared rivers. However, empirical evidence shows that some upstream countries continue to experience conflict after signing a water treaty. This study explains why some upstream countries experience high post-treaty transboundary water conflict levels while others do not. Departing from theories on the character of states, I argue that weaker upstream countries are more likely to experience post-treaty transboundary water conflict than stronger upstream states. This is because a weak upstream state has fewer capabilities, which creates an imbalance of power with its downstream riparian neighbor and presents a zero-sum game condition. As a result, the upstream state is more likely to experience a high level of conflict after signing an agreement. The hypothesis is tested on two transboundary river cases, the Helmand River Basin and the Indus River Basin, using a structured, focused comparison method. The data is collected through secondary sources, including books, journals, news articles, and reports, government records. The results of the study mainly support the theoretical arguments. It shows a significant relationship between the character of the upstream state and the level of post-treaty transboundary water conflictin the upstream state.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Renewable Energy Development
    Public Disclosure Authorized 6/26/2018 Afghanistan Renewable Energy Development Issues and Options Public Disclosure Authorized Issues and Options Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Afghanistan is facing many economic and political challenges as it deals with spreading insurgency, declining economic growth, and continuing poverty. The Government is working on a number of fronts to stimulate economic activity through its own initiatives and in partnership with International Development Organizations but will continue to be challenged in the near and medium term as a growing population seeks jobs and business opportunities. One of the initiatives that the Government of Afghanistan (GoA) has identified is to capitalize on its wealth of Renewable Energy (RE) resources with a view to both increasing the delivery of electricity services to the population and developing domestic business opportunities both directly linked to RE technology and linked to improved access to reasonably priced electricity. Specifically, the GoA has set a target to supply 10 percent of forecast electricity demand (350-500 MW) through RE by 2032. This initiative offers both opportunities and risks. The objective of the current paper is to review the potential viability of RE as part of the country’s electricity supply plan, and at the same time to identify issues that might hinder or even derail the process. Existing Electricity System The existing power supply system in Afghanistan is deficient in many respects including geographic coverage, flexibility and adequacy and cost of domestic supply. While 89 percent of households reported having some kind of access to electricity in the 2013-2014 Living Conditions Survey (ALCS)1, only 29.7 percent received their power from the grid.
    [Show full text]
  • D.D.C. Apr. 20, 2007
    Case 1:06-cv-01707-GK Document 20 Filed 04/20/2007 Page 1 of 22 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ) RUZATULLAH, et al.,) ) Petitioners, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 06-CV-01707 (GK) ) ROBERT GATES, ) Secretary, United States Department of ) Defense, et al., ) ) Respondents. ) ) RESPONDENTS’ REPLY TO PETITIONERS’ REPLY AND OPPOSITION TO RESPONDENTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS THE SECOND AMENDED PETITION Respondents respectfully submit this reply brief in response to Petitioners’ Reply and Opposition to Respondents’ Motion to Dismiss the Second Amended Petition. In their opening brief, respondents demonstrated that this Court has no jurisdiction to hear the present habeas petition because the petition, filed by two alien enemy combatants detained at Bagram Airfield in Afghanistan, falls squarely within the jurisdiction-limiting provision of the Military Commissions Act of 2006 (“MCA”), Pub. L. No. 109-366, 120 Stat. 2600 (2006). Respondents also demonstrated that petitioners do not have a constitutional right to habeas relief because under Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763 (1950), aliens detained abroad, such as petitioners, who have no significant voluntary connections with this country, cannot invoke protections under the Constitution. Subsequent to respondents’ motion to dismiss, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit decided Boumediene v. Bush, 476 F.3d 981 (D.C. Cir.), cert. denied, 127 S.Ct. 1478 (2007), which removes all doubt that the MCA divests federal courts of jurisdiction to review petitions for writs of habeas corpus filed by aliens captured abroad and detained as enemy Case 1:06-cv-01707-GK Document 20 Filed 04/20/2007 Page 2 of 22 combatants in an overseas military base.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan's Water Plans Complicated by Worried Neighbors
    Afghanistan’s Water Plans Complicated by Worried Neighbors Elizabeth B. Hessami More than 40 years ago, the Soviet Union attempted to harness hydropower to modernize Afghanistan. Between 1960 and 1968, they poured money and technical knowledge into the 100-meter Naghlu gravity dam outside Kabul and a village for its workers called Sharnak. Although the town has been damaged and the boons of modernity remain elusive for many Afghans, the dam remains a crucial source of power for the capital and is the largest power plant in the country with an installed capacity of 100 megawatts. Today, as Afghanistan continues its development with hopes of a brighter future, issues of water management and governance are once again rising to the fore. Industries that are crucial to Afghanistan’s economic growth, such as agriculture and mining, depend on effective water supplies, while a number of factors are increasing stress, including climate change, mismanagement, and population surges as refugees return home. Afghanistan is completely landlocked and has few reservoirs. Consequently, while it has adequate water flow, thanks to the many headwaters in its high mountains, it lacks the capacity to store, use, and manage those flows. Meanwhile, scientists estimate that the need for water in the Kabul Basin will increase six-fold over the next 50 years as levels of available water decline due to increasing temperatures and climate change. The current government, with the help of international partners such as the Asian Development Bank, which recently announced a $100 million grant for irrigation systems, hopes to improve water infrastructure to head off these problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Dispute Escalating Between Iran and Afghanistan
    Atlantic Council SOUTH ASIA CENTER ISSUE BRIEF Water Dispute Escalating between Iran and Afghanistan AUGUST 2016 FATEMEH AMAN Iran and Afghanistan have no major territorial disputes, unlike Afghanistan and Pakistan or Pakistan and India. However, a festering disagreement over allocation of water from the Helmand River is threatening their relationship as each side suffers from droughts, climate change, and the lack of proper water management. Both countries have continued to build dams and dig wells without environmental surveys, diverted the flow of water, and planted crops not suitable for the changing climate. Without better management and international help, there are likely to be escalating crises. Improving and clarifying existing agreements is also vital. The United States once played a critical role in mediating water disputes between Iran and Afghanistan. It is in the interest of the United States, which is striving to shore up the Afghan government and the region at large, to help resolve disagreements between Iran and Afghanistan over the Helmand and other shared rivers. The Atlantic Council Future Historical context of Iran Initiative aims to Disputes over water between Iran and Afghanistan date to the 1870s galvanize the international when Afghanistan was under British control. A British officer drew community—led by the United States with its global allies the Iran-Afghan border along the main branch of the Helmand River. and partners—to increase the In 1939, the Iranian government of Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Joint Comprehensive Plan of Zahir Shah’s Afghanistan government signed a treaty on sharing the Action’s chances for success and river’s waters, but the Afghans failed to ratify it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew Its Government
    The Portuguese Colonial War: Why the Military Overthrew its Government Samuel Gaspar Rodrigues Senior Honors History Thesis Professor Temma Kaplan April 20, 2012 Rodrigues 2 Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3 Before the War .....................................................................................................................9 The War .............................................................................................................................19 The April Captains .............................................................................................................33 Remembering the Past .......................................................................................................44 The Legacy of Colonial Portugal .......................................................................................53 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................60 Rodrigues 3 Introduction When the Portuguese people elected António Oliveira de Salazar to the office of Prime Minister in 1932, they believed they were electing the right man for the job. He appealed to the masses. He was a far-right conservative Christian, but he was less radical than the Portuguese Fascist Party of the time. His campaign speeches appeased the syndicalists as well as the wealthy landowners in Portugal. However, he never was
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Most of Afghanistan's River Basins
    Making the Most of Afghanistan’s River Basins Opportunities for Regional Cooperation By Matthew King and Benjamin Sturtewagen www.ewi.info About the Authors Matthew King is an Associate at the EastWest Institute, where he manages Preventive Diplomacy Initiatives. Matthew’s main interest is on motivating preventive action and strengthening the in- ternational conflict prevention architecture. His current work focuses on Central and South Asia, including Afghanistan and Iran, and on advancing regional solutions to prevent violent conflict. He is the head of the secretariat to the Parliamentarians Network for Conflict Prevention and Human Security. He served in the same position for the International Task Force on Preventive Diplomacy (2007–2008). King has worked for EWI since 2004. Before then he worked in the legal profession in Ireland and in the private sector with the Ford Motor Company in the field of change management. He is the author or coauthor of numerous policy briefs and papers, including “New Initiatives on Conflict Prevention and Human Security” (2008), and a contributor to publications, including a chapter on peace in Richard Cuto’s Civic and Political Leadership (Sage, forthcoming). He received his law degree from the University of Wales and holds a master’s in peace and conflict resolution from the Centre for Conflict Resolution at the University of Bradford, in England. Benjamin Sturtewagen is a Project Coordinator at the EastWest Institute’s Regional Security Program. His work focuses on South Asia, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, and on ways to promote regional security. Benjamin has worked for EWI since April 2006, starting as a Project Assistant in its Conflict Prevention Program and later as Project Coordinator in EWI’s Preventive Diplomacy Initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • Saved by the Civil War: African 'Loyalists' in the Portuguese Armed Forces and Angola's Transition to Independence
    Saved by the civil war: African ‘loyalists’ in the Portuguese armed forces and Angola’s transition to independence Pedro Aires Oliveira Instituto de História Contemporânea, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1069-061 Lisboa [email protected] Abstract: The article examines the trajectories of ‘loyal’ African troops in Angola before and after the demise of Portugal’s authoritarian regime in 1974. It starts by placing the ‘Africanization’ drive of the Portuguese counterinsurgency campaign in a historical perspective; it then explores the rocky transition from colonial rule to independence in the territory between April 1974 and November 1975, describing the course of action taken by the Portuguese authorities vis-à-vis their former collaborators in the security forces. A concluding section draws a comparison between the fate of Portugal’s loyalists in Angola and the one experienced by similar groups in other ex-Portuguese colonies. The choice of Angola has the advantage of allowing us to look into a complex scenario in which the competition amongst rival nationalist groups, and a number of external factors, helped to produce a more ambiguous outcome for some of the empire’s local collaborators than what might have been otherwise expected. Keywords: Angola; colonial troops; Loyalists; counter-insurgency; Decolonization The dissolution of Portugal’s overseas empire in 1975 happened after a protracted counterinsurgency war which took place in three of its African territories (Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique), a 13 year conflict (1961- 74) that put an enormous strain on the limited demographic and economic resources of what was then Western Europe’s poorest and most undeveloped 1 state.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Operations Are on the Rise As the Air Force Disperses Throughout Afghanistan to Take the Fight to the Enemy
    Air operations are on the rise as the Air Force disperses throughout Afghanistan to take the fight to the enemy. Boom Time in Afghanistan fghanistan’s Paktika prov- as the contrails of tankers occasionally in the thick of insurgent and Taliban ince lies due south of the crossed the mountain-studded landscape territory. Concurrently, the metrics for capital Kabul by just over and low flying fighter aircraft crossed US and coalition airpower reflect an 100 miles, over moun- the plains in between. intense fight. In 2008, Air Forces Central Atainous and rugged terrain, abutting Now closing in on its 10th year, the recorded 20,359 close air support sorties, Pakistan’s border to the east. There are war in Afghanistan is flaring anew. but in 2010, AFCENT flew 33,679 CAS few paved roads, but in early March An infusion of troops and resources is missions. In addition, with the arrival there was plenty of traffic high above, placing American and coalition troops of Gen. David H. Petraeus, US Forces Two Army Chinook helicopters lift off on a mission from Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, behind an F-15E Strike Eagle deployed from Sey- mour Johnson AFB, N.C. Bagram, located north of Kabul, has expand- ed significantly since the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001, as a large number of close air support, airlift, and supply sorties originate from, or route through, the airfield every week. 28 AIR FORCE Magazine / June 2011 Boom Time in Afghanistan By Marc V. Schanz, Senior Editor Afghanistan commander, in July 2010, US and coalition forces entering con- nearly daily clearance and interdiction sorties with weapons releases began tested areas—and staying.
    [Show full text]