Remarks on Miocene Bivalve Zonation in the Polish Part of the Carpathian Foredeep

Geological Quarterly, 1999, 43 (4): 467-477

Remarks on Miocene bivalve zonation in the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep

Barbara STUDENCKA

Studencka B. (1999) - Remarks on Miocene bivalve zonation in the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Geo!. Quart., 43 (4): 467-477. Warszawa.

Middle Miocene (Badenian and Sarmatian) bivalve faunas from the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland were analysed in order to determine their potential stratigraphic importance. The study revealed that selected pectinid species are useful to characterize the Badenian substages, but that comparison of pectinid assemblages from Poland and Hungary indicates that subdivision of the Badenian based on pectinids holds true only within individual basins of the Central Paratethys. On the other hand, the strong similarity of the Polish Sarmatian bivalve assemblages to assemblages from other basins of the Fore-Carpathian part as well as from the Euxino-Caspian part of the Paratethyan Province makes the molluscan biozonation of the Eastern Paratethys valid for Poland.

Barbara Studencka, Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences, At. Na Skarpie 20126, PL-00-488 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] (received: September 8, 1999; accepted: September 12, 1999).

Key words: Carpathian Foredeep, Middle Miocene (Badenian, Sarrnatian), bivalves, biostratigraphy.

INTRODUCTION laeotaxodonta, Heterodonta and Anomalodesmata have ara gonitic shells. Preservation of aragonitic shells is very good in sandy and/or clayey facies, while the fossil assemblages Bivalves have lost their leading role in the stratigraphy of from carbonate deposits are considerably impoverished due marine Miocene strata in favour of planktonic organisms such to the leaching of aragonite from the rock. As a result, the as foraminifers, coccolithophorids, radiolarians and diatoms. bivalves collected from carbonate deposits are mostly preser But they maintain a strong position in the stratigraphic subdi ved as casts and moulds. vision of the deposits laid down in epicontinental basins of the On the basis of thirty selected pectinid species G. Demarcq Paratethys and in that of the littoral strata of the Mediterranean (1990a, b) proposed 10 biostratigraphic zones and some sub in which planktonic organisms are extremely poorly repre zones which are valid for the Mediterranean area from the sented. latest Oligocene (top of the Chattian) to the late Quaternary During last twenty years several schemes for subdividing (Calabrian), covering the 27.0 to 1.8 Ma time span. However, the European Neogene using molluscs has been proposed (G. sedimentological and biostratigraphical differences between Demarcq, 1984; M. Dermitzakis, E. Georgiades-Dikeoulia, the Mediterranean and Paratethys have led to the development 1987; E. Kojumdgieva et ai., 1988, 1989; 1. Papaianopol, M. of three distinct stage systems (i .e. the standard one for the Marunteanu, 1993). The most important biozonation was Mediterranean and two regional schemes for the Central and based onpectinids (T. B,lIdi, 1975; G. Demarcq, 1979, 1990a, Eastern Paratethys, respectively) and thus the molluscan bio b; M. Bohn-Havas et al., 1987; A. Ben Moussa, G. Demarcq, zonation proposed by G. Demarcq for the Mediterranean 1992; A. Ben Moussa, 1994). This family belongs to the cannot simply be adopted for the Central Paratethys. subclass Pteriomorphia of the class Bivalvia. Only the repre Studies on bivalve assemblages from the Miocene forma sentatives of this subclass have calcitic shells and their pre tions of Hungary revealed that the sequence extending from servation in various deposits is excellent. On the other hand, the Eggenburgian to the end of the Badenian can be readily species representing the remaining three subclasses, i.e. Pa- characterized by the frequent occurrence of pectinids in dif- 468 Barbara Studencka

Table 1

Pectinid assemblage zones of the Miocene in Hungary proposed by M. Bohn-Havas et al. (1987)

'">.'" <:: EO) .9 '"0) 0)0> <:: -ro -"" () 0 P ectinid assemblage - zones and sUbstitute species ro_ <:: '" ·c N ~ en ro 0) ro ro_ o ~ ::2; c..ro n§ -""- ....0) g N - <:: C'cro ·- ~ . Q <::ro -E -<:: 0)0> Z c..~ 0) ~ () .2 Marginal facies Basin facies

r:: N15 12 eo NN9 Without pectinids fii because of the brackish environment roE en N14 13 I---- NN8 ------N13 14 , I'- I'- NN7 <::: Pecten aduncus ------Palliolium r:: N12 ~ FJabellipecten zoellikoferi NN6 ~ . a5 15 ·ceo Jeythajanus Q) I--- Nll ~~ "0 Q) Q) eo ..Q..Q ChJamys eJegans CD N10 eo 16 N9 u:: Pecten revolutus NN5 Amusium cristatum r:: N8 badense 17 eo Pecten expansior ~ I--- e- Flabellipecten eo 18 :::.::: NN4 ~eo passinii N7 ~ . S eor:: -::9 .0, Beo c r- ChJamys eo 19 r:: submalvinae ~ NN3 0 N6 20 Chlamys palmata r:: E§ eo Chlamys crestensis .-:;,-'" -e> "'''''~O> =:l Elli 21 .0 Ct:li=-=== c NN2 N5 0>0 Q) Chlamys gigas 0) ~-g 0) 0...-5 22 UJ Chlamys rotundata Lentipecten J 23 r:: NNl _!:~~~:~u~ __ .;::eo N4 Q) 0) I--- UJ 24 NP25 P22

Ranking of the calcareous nannofossils after E. Martini (197 I); NN4INN5 boundary modified by M. Baldi-Becke and A. Nagymarosy (1979); ranking of the planktonic foraminiferal biohorizons after W. H. Blow (1969) ferent facies. This part of the Miocene is made up of 37 separating the uppermost Badenian deposits from the lower formations forming a continuous vertical succession. These most Sarmatian strata has been dated by KJ Ar method as formations are very well known in a complete lateral succes 13 .7±0.8 Ma (G. Hamor et al., 1987). Taking into account all sion offacies, from continental deposits to basin margin facies these data for the 23.0 to 13.8 Ma time span extending from to central deep-basin facies. Isochronous, radiometrically da the Eggenburgian to the end of the Badenian, the introduction ted markers are represented by three tuff layers which occur of 5 pectinid assemblage zones and the distinction of 4 sub throughout Hungary. The age of the uppermost tuff layer zones was proposed (Tab. 1) by M. Bohn-Havas et al. (1987). Miocene bivalve zonation in the Carpathian Foredeep 469

B 50km

100 km CARPATHIANS L-...J c P ARAT

500 km

Fig. 1. Palaeogeographic location of the bivalve-bearing Early Badenian localities investigated in the ~arpathian Foredeep: A. Generallocati~n .of the study area in Poland, showing the area enlarged in Fig. IB; B. Extent of the Badenian sea in the Carpathian Foredeep adapted from A. Radwanskl (1977); C. Palaeogeographic setting of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Early Badenian - Chokrakian (age-equivalent of the Langhian) Paratethyan basins (hachured) after B. Studencka et al. (1998), showing the area enlarged in Fig. IB

ANALYSIS OF THE PECTINIDS FROM POLAND (1986) with Chlamys (Aequipecten) malvinae (du Bois)], and Chlamys neumayri (Hilber) [recognized by B. Studencka et al. (1998) to be conspecific with Flexopecten lilli (Pusch)] in Marine strata of the outer part of the Carpathian Foredeep the Hungarian Miocene basins. The appearances of all these in Poland represent only the Middle Miocene, and only one species is linked biostratigraphically to the first appearance pectinid zone corresponding to the Badenian stage, i.e. the datum of the planktonic foraminifer of the genus Praeorbuli assemblage Flabellipecten besseri Zone, can be recognised. na, whereas the top of this pectinid zone is defined by the Examination of bivalve faunas recorded in both Lower and disappearance of the marine molluscan fauna due to semi-ma Upper Badenian sandy and carbonate deposits shows the rine or brackish conditions that prevailed in the Paratethyan presence of29 pectinid species (Tab. 2). These scallops came Province, and by the appearance of palaeoenvironmentally from 14 localities (Figs. 1 and 2). According to the benthic significant species as Abra (Syndosmya) reflexa (Eichwald) foraminiferal zonation proposed by R. Grill (1943) the bival and Inaequicostata inopinata (Grishkevich) (cf M. Bohn-Ha ve assemblages from Korytnica, Maloszow, Niechobrz, and vas, 1983). According to M. Bohn-Havas et al. (1987), the Pinczow belong to the Lagenidae Zone, whereas the assem occurrence of Amusium cristatum badense Fontannes, Lenti blages from Bogucice, Gliwice Stare, Huta Rozaniecka, Ly pecten denudatum (Reuss), Palliolum zoellikoferi (Bittner), chow, Monastyrz, Nawodzice, Niskowa, Rybnica, W~glin and Propeamussium duodecilamellatum (Bronn) document and W ~glinek are referred to the Bulimina-Bolivina Zone. the assemblage Flabellipecten besseri Zone in the basin facies The pectinid species composition unequivocally indicates of Hungary (Tab. 1). This zone covers a biostratigraphical the assemblage Flabellipecten besseri Zone of the Hungarian interval comprising the MS, M6 and (in part) M7 zones of the Miocene pectinid zonation. The base of this zone was origi planktonic foraminiferal zonation proposed by W. A. Berg nally defined (M. Bohn-Havas et al., 1987) by the appearance gren et al. (199S). This zone represents a Langhian to early of Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski), Pecten praebene Serravallian time span (cf Tab. 3). dictus (Tournouer), Chlamys elegans (Andrzejowski), Chla However, the subdivision into two subzones (Tab. 1), mys flava (du Bois) [it was synonymized by B. Studencka namely the Chlamys elegans-Pecten revolutus and Flabelli- 470 Barbara Studencka

Table 2

Comparison of pectinid assemblages from the Badenian strata of Poland

Localities Lower Badenian Upper Badenian

ro ro N C/O QJ ro 0 0 ro ~ ro C/O ~ ~ U I-< 0 u u u .S 0 ~ ~ 0 -0 -0 '';:: 1i=l ~ -0 g u ~ N N ..a 0 ·S bb u ..... Q)' .S ..c: 0 :-8 C/O U 0 (J) ~ .~ ~ ..0 u C/O :.=: 0 -s:: :6 ~ 0 bb ro 'S «i 0 ...c:: (.) QJ Q)' :>... s:: u ~ ~ u 0 '" 0 ~ ....l ro i:l: 0 QJ U t2 0 ·N oS ..... Z CO ~ ~ -0 Species ~ ::E ~ I-< .~ ::E I-< Z -0 ..... Z ~ 0 .:Ej .....ro .:Ej 0 -(j 0 ~

Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski) X X xDC X X X X X Amusium cristatum (Bronn) X X X X Amussiopecten spinulosus attenuatus X X X X Kojumdgieva Palliolum incomparabile (Risso) X X Flabellipecten solarium (Lamarck) X X Gigantopecten nodosiformis X X X X X (de Serres in Pusch) Lentipecten corneus denudatus (Reuss) X X X X X Hinnites brussoni (de Serres) X Hinnites crispus (Brocchi) X Manupecten fasciculatus (Millet) X X Mimachlamys angelonii X X (Stefani et Pantanelli) Aequipeeten opereularis (Linnaeus) X X Aequipeeten macrotis (Sowerby) X Deleetopeeten similis (Laskey) X X X Propeamussiumfelsineum (Foresti) X X X Flexopecten lilli (Pusch) X X X X X X X Flexopecten posthumus (Hilber) X X X X X X Flexopecten scissus (Favre) X X X X X X X X Pecten subareuatus Toumouer X X X Oppenheimopeeten aduneus (Eichwald) X X X X X X Oppenheimopecten revolutus (Michelotti) X X X X X Crassadoma multistriata (Poli) X X X X X X X X X X X Aequipeeten scabrellus (Lamarck) X X X X X X X X X X X X Deleetopecten vitreus (Gme1in) X . X Palliolum bittneri (Toula) X X [= Palliolum elini (Zhizhchenko)] Aequipeeten diaphanus (du Bois) X Aequipeeten elegans (Andrzejowski) X X X X X X X Aequipecten malvinae (du Bois) X X X Aequipeeten radians (Nyst) X

Data after W. Baluk (1970), W. Friedberg (1932, 1933, 1936), G. Jakubowski, T. Musial (1979a, b), W. Krach (1947, 1957, 1981), K. Kowalewski (1930), S. Liszka (1 933), B. Studencka (1986, 1994) and B. Studencka and W. Studencki (1988); the systematic arrangement of scallops applied here follows T. R. Waller (1991) Miocene bivalve zonation in the Carpathian Foredeep 471

Fig. 2. Palaeogeographic location of the bivalve-bearing Late Badenian localities investigated in the Carpathian Foredeep: A. General location of the study area in Poland, showing the area enlarged in Fig. 2B; B. Extent of the Badenian sea in the Carpathian Foredeep adapted from A. Radwanski (1977); C. Palaeogeographic setting of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Late Badenian - Konkian (age-equivalent of the early Serravallian) Paratethyan basins (hachured) after B. Studencka et al. (1998), showing the area enlarged in Fig. 2B

pecten leythajanus-Pecten aduncus subzones proposed for facies of Austria and Hungary (F. Kautsky, 1928; R. Sieber, the Badenian of Hungary by M. Bohn-Havas et al. (1987) is 1955; I. Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1960; M. Bohn-Havas et aI., not valid for the Carpathian Foredeep. This results from the 1987), and in the Upper Badenian carbonate facies of Slova diachronous appearance of some index species of these two kia (J. Svagrovsky, 1981b). In the Transylvanian, the Banat, subzones and from the occurrence of other species limited to and the western Dacian basins in Romania, however, Flabel particular basins of the Central Paratethys. The main differen lipecten leythajanus occurs in both the Lower and the Upper ces between the pectinid assemblages concern the species Badenian. According to E. Nicorici (1977), this species is one Aequipecten elegans (Andrzejowski) and Flabellipecten ley of the most abundant fossils in the Upper Badenian, along thajanus (Partsch in Homes). with Flabellipecten besseri (Andrzejowski), Oppenheimo The occurrence ofthe species Aequipecten elegans in the pecten aduncus (Eichwald), Aequipecten elegans (Andrzejo Central Paratethys appears to be diachronous. This species is wski) and Gigantopecten nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch). typical of the Lower Badenian carbonate and sandy facies of All these findings of Flabellipecten leythajanus are located in Hungary (I. Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1960; M. Bohn-Havas et the Intra-Carpathian basins of the Central Paratethys. On the aI., 1987; A. Dulai, 1996). It has also been reported from the other hand, the species Flabellipecten leythajanus has not Lower Badenian of Romania (E. Nicorici, 1977). On the other been found in the Fore-Carpathian part of the Central Parate hand, the specimens of Aequipecten elegans are, along with thys, in spite of the presence of a well-developed carbonate Flexopecten scissus (Favre), among the most common pecti facies in Romanian Moldavia (E. Nicorici, 1977), Moldova nid representatives in the Upper Badenian deposits of Rom a (M. I. Voloshina, 1973; A. N. Yanakevich, 1977, 1993), the nia, Slovakia, and along the Roztocze Hills and northern Ukraine (W. P. Kazakova, 1952), and in Poland (G. Jakubo Carpathian margin in Poland (E. Nicorici, 1977; J. wski, T. Musial, 1979a, b; W. Krach, 1981). This suggests Svagrovsky, 1981a, b; G. Jakubowski, T. Musial, 1979a, b; that the geographic distribution of Flabellipecten leythajanus J. Urbaniak, 1974; respectively). - the index species of the Badenian Flabellipecten leythaja Specimens of Flabellipecten leythajanus are common and nus-Pecten aduncus Subzone - is limited to the Inner-Car typical fossils in the Middle and Upper Badenian carbonate pathian basins. 472 Barbara Studencka

Of the remaining two index species, Oppenheimopecten Aequipecten elegans, both typical of deeper bottoms, distant revolutus (Michelotti) is rare in the Lower Badenian of Po from the shore. land, while Oppenheimopecten aduncus is extremely rare in The impoverishment of fauna observed in the uppermost the Upper Badenian. Six specimens of Oppenheimopecten part of this zone is expressed by the decreased number of revolutus were recorded in the limestones near Malosz6w (W. species. In several profiles the pectinid fauna consists merely Krach, 1947), 8 specimens have been also reported from the . of the single species Palliolum bittneri (Toula) [= Palliolum carbonate deposits of the W6jcza-Pincz6w Range (W. Fried elini (Zhizhchenko)]. It is remarkable that this species, apart berg, 1936; B. Studencka, W. Studencki, 1988) and a single from being recorded in the uppermost Badenian deposits of specimen from the Korytnica Clay (W. Friedberg, 1936). Bulgaria (E. Kojumdgieva, 1969b), the Ukraine (W. P. Kaza Only one specimen of Oppenheimopecten aduncus was recor kova, 1952) and Poland (K. Kowalewski, 1958; E. Woiny, ded in Lych6w (W. Krach, 1981) and Bogucice (W. Fried 1962; W. Krach, 1979; S. Pawlowski et al., 1985) occurs also berg, 1936) and 4 specimens in Niskowa (W. Baluk, 1970). in the uppermost Konkian strata of the Precaucasus (W. P. A further difference between the pectinid assemblages Kazakova, 1952; L. A. Nevesskaja et al., 1993) ofthe Eastern from the Inner- and Fore-Carpathian basins concerns the Paratethys. species Flexopecten scissus. Its occurrence in the Central Paratethys is also diachronous. The oldest findings are docu mented from few Lower Badenian localities in Bulgaria (E. CHANGES AROUND THE BADENIAN/SARMATIAN Kojumdgieva, 1960), the Ukraine (W. P. Kazakova, 1952), BOUNDARY and Poland (W. Friedberg, 1932, 1936; W. Krach, 1957, 1967, 1979; B. Studencka, W. Studencki, 1988). Specimens of The Badenian/Sarmatian boundary corresponds with a Flexopecten scissus are very common in the Upper Badenian drastically reduced diversity of the bivalve faunas. The mari deposits of Poland (G. Jakubowski, T. Musial, 1979a, b; W. ne fauna has been strongly influenced by the closure of the Krach, 1957, 1967, 1979; E. Woiny, 1962) the Ukraine (W. Mediterranean seaways in the Central and Eastern Paratethys. Friedberg, 1932, 1936; V. Hilber, 1882a, b; W. P. Kazakova, In both parts of the Paratethys significant faunal impoverish 1952), Romanian Moldavia (B. lonesi, 1968; E. Nicorici, ment is documented. The number of families decreases from 1977) and Bulgaria (E. Kojumdgieva, 1960, 1969b). In con 59 recognized in the Upper Badenian of the Central Paratethys trast, this species is extremely poorly represented in the Upper and from 28 in the Konkian of the Eastern Paratethys to 12 in Badenian of Hungary (I. Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1960) and both parts of the Paratethys. The Sarmatian fauna popUlating Slovakia (1. Svagrovsky, 1981b). There are apparently no the Paratethyan Province is represented only by the following records of the Flexopecten group in the Badenian of Austria families : Mytilidae,.Ostreidae (a single species occurs in the (F. Kautsky, 1928; R. Sieber, 1955). Pannonian and Precarpathian basins), Lucinidae, Cardiidae, Close inspection of bivalve faunas from both the Lageni Mactriidae, Mesodesmatidae, Solenide, Tellinidae, Semeli dae and Bulimina-Bolivina zones in Poland reveals some dae, Donacidae, Veneridae and Pholadidae but only the fami modification in pectinid species composition in time. Of 29 lies Cardiidae, Mactriidae, Donacidae and Veneridae reached species recorded in the Badenian of Poland, the occurrence of their highest development (cf E. Kojumdgieva 1969a; J. 11 species in the Carpathian Foredeep is restricted to the K6kay, 1985; A. Papp, 1974; N. P. Paramonova, 1985, 1994; Lagenidae Zone (i.e. lower part of the assemblage Flabelii L. A. Nevesskaja et al., 1986; B. Studencka et al., 1998). It is pecten besseri Zone). This group includes Palliolum incom remarkable that the bivalve fauna from both the uppermost parabile (Risso), Amusium cristatum (Bronn), Amussiopecten Badenian and upper Konkian strata consists predominantly of spinulosus attenuatus Kojumdgieva, Gigantopecten nodosi species known to be only subordinate elements in both Early Jormis (de Serres in Pusch), Lentipecten corneus denudatus and Late Badenian faunas as well as in the Konkian fauna. (Reuss) and ManupectenJasciculatus (Millet). The majority of these opportunistic bivalve species were On the other hand, the upper part of the assemblage immediate ancestral forms of Sarmatian species. According Flabellipecten besseri Zone in the Polish part of the outer to B. Studencka et al. (1998), the original area for the species foredeep is characterized by a co-occurrence of Flexopecten Obsoletiforma obsoleta (Eichwald), O. kokkupica (Andrus lilii (Pusch), F. scissus (Favre), Aequipecten elegans (Andrze sow), Cerastoderma praeplicata (Hilber) and Mactra (Sar jowski), A. malvinae (du Bois) and A. scabrellus (Lamarck). matimactra) eichwaldi Laskarew, which flourished in Early Earlier analysis clearly shows that the specific composition of Sarmatian time, was the Central Paratethys. the pectinid assemblages depended also on water depth and The study of the Badenian and Sarmatian faunas from hydrodynamic regime (cf B. Studencka, 1994). The pectinid Poland revealed that out of 204 species recorded in the Bade assemblages from Weglin, Weglinek and Lych6w (western nian sandy and carbonate deposits in Poland (B. Studencka, part of the Roztocze Hills) are strongly dominated by the 1986,1994; B. Studencka, W. Studencki, 1988; B. Studencka shallow-water, reef-dwelling species Crassadoma multistria et al., 1998), only 20 species are also reported from the Lower ta (Poli), with occasional Aequipecten elegans and extremely Sarmatian (cf B. Studencka, W. Studencki, 1980; G. Czapo rare valves of other species, whereas in the assemblages from wski, B. Studencka, 1990), but pectinids are missing among Monastyrz and Huta R6zaniecka (eastern part of the Roztocze them. Hills) the most common species are Flexopecten scissus and Miocene bivalve zonation in the Carpathian Foredeep 473

8 50km

100km cAR PAT H I A N S '---' c

500 km

Fig. 3. Palaeogeographic location of the bivalve-bearing Sarmatian localities investigated in the Carpathian Foredeep: A. General location of the study area in Poland, showing the area enlarged in Fig. 3B; B. Extent of the Sarmatian strata in the Carpathian Foredeep adapted from R. Ney et al. (1974); C. Palaeogeographic setting of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Early Sarmatian (age-equivalent of the middle Serravallian) Paratethyan basins (hachured) after E. Kojumdgieva (1987), showing the area enlarged in Fig. 3B 1 - Vienna-Pannonian Basin, 2 - Fore-Carpathian Basin, 3 - Euxino-Caspian Basin

SARMATIAN mvAL VE ASSEMBLAGES Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiforma praeplicata pseudoplicata and the upper of Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiforma plicata. On the other hand, the occurrence of Abra (Syndosmya) rejlexa Various studies carried out on Sarmatian bivalve assem (Eichwald) indicates the Volhynian in pelitic sediments, whe blages from the Paratethyan Province (E. Kojumdgieva, reas the stratigraphically significant species Chartocardium 1969a, 1987; L. B. Iljinaetal., 1976; N. P. Paramonova 1985, nigrum (Zhizhchenko) is limited to the upper part of the 1994, 1995; L. A. Nevesskaja et al., 1986; E. Kojumdgieva, Volhynian substage. According to the biostratigraphical zo N. Popov, 1987; E. Kojumdgieva et al., 1988; B. Studencka, nation based on foraminifera, the Mactra eichwaldi-Plicati 1990) revealed that the endemic forms oflatest Badenian and forma praeplicata pseudoplicata Zone coincides with the Konkian faunas, reached their highest development in the Anomalinoides badensis Zone, whereas the Mactra eichwal Early Sarmatian (sensu Barbot de Marny). According to E. di-Plicatiforma plicata Zone corresponds to the Elphidium Kojumdgieva et at. (1988, 1989), it is possible to subdivide hauerinum and the lower part of the Protelphidium subgra the Sarmatian stage, covering 13.6 to 9.5 Ma time span, using nosum zones (E. 1. Kojumdgieva et al., 1988). the following bivalve genera: Ervilia Turton, Abra (Syndo The Polish Sarmatian bivalve fauna analysed was collec smya) Rec1uz, Mactra (Sarmatimactra) Korobkov, Crypto ted from 3 localities (Bozykowa, Suskrajowice and Sladk6w mactra Andrussow, Plicatiforma Paramo nova and Maly) located on the southern slopes ofthe Holy Cross Mts., Chartocardium Muskhelishvili in Bagdasarjan. Three Sarma from Zrecze near Nisko, and from the J amnica S-119 boreho tian substages, i.e. Volhynian, Bessarabian and Chersonian, le. can be characterized by distinct bivalve assemblages. How B. Studencka and W. Studencki (1980) considered that the ever, ecological differences between the marginal and basin variable conditions of sedimentation of the Lower Sarmatian facies resulted in the development of two distinct biozonal led to the development of short-lived biocenoses, dominated sequences: one for sandstones and detrital limestones and the by opportunistic species. Their taxonomic composition (see second for pelitic sediments. The correlation between the two G. Czapowski, B. Studencka, 1990) does not significantly biozonal sequences is approximate. The Volhynian substage differ from the Ukrainian, Romanian and Bulgarian assem- is subdivided into two concurrent-range zones: the lower of 474 Barbara Studencka

Table 3

Correlation chart of Middle Miocene regional stages of the Central and Eastern Paratethys and Mediterranean Tethys modified after B. Studencka et al. (1998)

CJ) CJ) Ol 0) CJ) CJ) >,CJ) OJ CJ) c £Ol CJ) >'CJ) co Ol o Ol :5 Ol U) N - 0') (,)c 0) 0') (,)c Olco .- 0 c ._0 C Bivalve assemblage -co_CO CJ) co cN o ~CJ) 25N Ol 0) 0" -- £" CJ) .;:: ~ co- zones m c -0) -Ol Ma ~'+ -c 0..(0 Ol co co o..~ c~ (/) " c'c -0 Olc c c "- C1. co. "- 0 co·- "-0') (valid for Poland Ol .- -E o and the Ukraine) CO 'E ~ 0.. CO c - 0') '0 c~ CO CJ) Ol " c Ol "- co " 0) o CO () o W ~ '+- Z '+- c : "- .Q 0::: c M13 Ol C : w .~ 0.. 0 0.. c o..~ 0.. I-- Pannonian :::>i! 11-..: :::> .g o : ~ c - f----l---'-----j M 12 Plicatiforma fittoni co I------r------~ : I M11 NN E ~M10L 7-9 Mactra vitaliana pal/asi co 12 --= (/) - M9 Mactra eichwa/di : Sarmatian 8 .8. @ IM8 Plicatiforma plicata : I--==- 13 : W ~ Mactra eichwa/di '--= W ~ ....J Ol Plicatiforma pseudoplicata z (/) o .. ·· ...... ·1--.----.,..---+---.,..------+------+--..1---4 o M7 14- w ';:: NN6 Pallio/um bittneri Bulimina o ~ Bolivina Konkian Cl.> Aequipecten e/egans - .Q F/exopecten scissus - 0 1-----+----1...... c:: 15 : ~ '-:: - C,,) Karaganian c Ol Spirop/ecta : mma carinata : ~ .~ .9- £ :::::: Q) : 0') Cl.> Amusium cristatum co C NN5 .Q "0 upper 16 : co M5 co Gigantopecten '2 Chokrakian '-: ....J noaosiformis Q) it Lentipecten corneus as' lower : denudatus -l : : Uvigerina Tarkhanian 17 : 0::: c Karpatian parkeri -: w .~ M4 breviformis ...... co NN4 t------1 I------j : 0') I--- : S : o 'E ....J ~ M3 Ottnangian Kozakhurian 18 : NN3 '-=-

Chronology of the Mediterranean stages after W. A. Berggren et at. (1995); radiometric age of the stages and substage boundaries of the Central Paratethys after D. Vass et al. (1987); bivalve assemblage zones of the Sarmatian after E. Kojumdgieva et al. (1988) blages (L. B. Iljina et at., 1976; I. Papaionopol, M. Marunte hern slopes of the Holy Cross Mts. is Ervilia podolica (Ei anu, 1993; E. Kojumdgieva et at., 1989; respectively) and can chwald), known to be only a subordinate element in Late be directly correlated with the concurrent-range Mactra ei Badenian assemblages. Another common bivalve species is chwatdi-Plicatiforma praeplicata pseudoplicata Zone pro Loripes (Loripes) dujardini (Deshayes), in which, some loca posed by E. I. Kojumdgieva et at. (1988). The dominant lities, e.g. in Sladk6w Maly or in Zalesce in the Ukraine, is species in all the bivalve assemblages studied from the sout- almost equal in numbers with Ervilia podolica. Study of Miocene bivalve zonation in the Carpathian Foredeep 475

calcareous nannofossils from Romania by I. Papaianopol and CONCLUSIONS M. Marunteanu (1993) shows that the time interval of the Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiforma praeplicata pseudoplicata Zone is covered by the NN7 standard nannozone, and in the 1. Investigation of pectinids has revealed that only the Dacian Basin the Badenian/Sarmatian boundary corresponds assemblage Flabellipecten besseri Zone occurs within the to the NN6INN7 zonal boundary. Miocene marine deposits in Poland. On the other hand, the most abundant species in assem 2. Studies of pectinid assemblages from the Paratethyan blages from the lower part of the Sarmatian sequence (occur Province show no species to appear isochronously over this ring at a depth of 229.2-240.0 m) in the Jamnica S-119 province. As a consequence, the subdivision of the Badenian borehole is Abra (Syndosmya) reflexa. Also common is the stage based on pectinids is possible only within individual typical Sarmatian representative of the family Cardiidae, na basins of this province. mely Inaequicostata inopinata (Grishkevich). Its stratigrap 3. The species Gigantopecten nodossiformis, Amusium hic range is limited to the Volhynian substage (E. cristatum, Lentipecten corneus denudatus, and Aequipecten Kojumdgieva, 1987; L. A. Nevesskaja et al., 1993; N. P. elegans, Flexopecten scissus and Palliolum bittneri used to be Paramonova, 1994). The taxonomic composition of these considered significant in stratigraphic subdivision of the Lo assemblages very closely resembles the one reported by M. wer versus Upper Badenian (respectively) littoral deposits of Bohn-Havas (1983) from the clay-marls and siltstones of the Poland and the West Ukraine. Budajeno 2 borehole (occurring at the depth range 296.6- 4. The appearance of Palliolum bittneri in the Paratethyan 334.0 m) in the Pannonian Basin. Province is recognized as a distinct marker for reliable corre , The bivalve assemblage recorded in the sandy facies in lation of the top of the Badenian and Konkian stages. Zrecze near Nisko represents the Mactra eichwaldi-Plicati 5. Three bivalve zones are recognized in the Sarmatian forma plicata Zone which corresponds to the Upper Volhy detrital deposits of Poland viz., the concurrent-range Mactra nian. eichwaldi-Plicatiforma praeplicata pseudoplicata Zone The biostratigraphically youngest bivalve fauna found in (equivalent to the lower part of the Volhynian substage), the the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland, containing Plicatiforma concurrent-range Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiforma plicata Zo plicatofittoni (Sinzov), Obsoletiforma volhynica (Grishke ne (equivalent to the upper part of the Volhynian substage) vich) and Mactra (Sarmatimactra) andrussovi Kolesnikow, and the interval Mactra vitaliana pallasi Zone (equivalent to was recorded in the upper part of the Sarmatian sequence in the lower part of the Bessarabian substage). the Jamnica S-119 borehole (occurring at the depth range 6. Only the interval Abra reflexa Zone, equivalent to the 65.0-67.5 m). Unfortunately, the index species of both the Volhynian substage, was found in the Sarmatian pelitic sedi concurrent-range Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiforma plicata Zo ments of the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland. ne and the interval Mactra vitaliana pallasi Zone, and other representatives of the genus Cryptomactra Andrussow are Acknowledgements. The author express warm thanks to missing in analysed assemblage. With the occurrence of Pli Ass. Professor Marcin Piwocki (polish Geological Institute, catiforma plicatojittoni, Obsoletiforma volhynica and Mactra Warsaw) and Dr. Michal Krobicki (Academy of Mining and (Sarmatimactra) andrussovi it is only possible to define the Metallurgy, Cracow) for the final remarks on the text, and to age of these strata as uppermost Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatifor Dr. Marek Jasionowski (Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw) ma plicata Zone or lowermost Mactra vitaliana pallasi Zone for invaluable help in preparing figures and tables. which corresponds to the Volhynian/Bessarabian boundary.

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o BADEN-SKICH I SARMACKICH ZESPOLACH MALZOWYCH ZAPADLISKA PRZEDKARPACKIEGO

Streszczenie

Maize, mimo iz SWll wiodllCll roll' w stratygrafii miocenu utracily na Aequipecten malvinae, Aequipecten elegans, Flexopecten filii i Flexopecten rzecz organizmow planktonicznych, wciqi: Sll niezwykle wazne w rozpozio scissus. Gatunki z rodzaju Flexopecten wraz z Palliolum bittneri datuj'l mowaniu osadow powstalych w epikontynentalnych basenach Paratetydy. najwyzszy baden facji basenowej. przedyskutowano rol~ zespolow malzowych w charakteryzowaniu po Datowanie klastycznych osad6w sarmatu mozliwe jest natomiast dzi~ki szczegolnych podpi~ter badenu i sarmatu. Badaniom porownawczym podda obecnosci w analizowanych zespolach malzowych gatunkow z rodzaju Pli no zespoly przegrzebkow pochodzllce z 5 stanowisk dolnego badenu (fig. I) catiforma. W stratygraficznym podziale sarmatu proponowanym przez E. i 10 stanowisk gornego badenu (fig. 2) oraz zespoly malzowe z 5 stanowisk Kojumdziew'l i in. (1988) w sarmacie dolnym (wolynie) wyrozniono dwa sarmatu (fig. 3) polskiej cz~sci zapadliska przedkarpackiego. poziomy wspolwystl'powania: dolny Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiformapraep Sposrod 5 poziomow zespolow przegrzebkow wyroznionych w osadach Licata pseudoplicata i gamy Mactra eichwaldi-Plicatiforma plicata (tab. 3). miocenu W~gier (tab. 1) zostal stwierdzony tylko poziom Flabellipecten Sklad taksonomiczny zespolow z Bozykowej, Suskrajowic i Sladkowa Ma besseri. Diachroniczne pojawiawnie si~ pr.legrzebkow i ich ograniczone lego jest typowy dla poziomu dolnego, podczas gdy obecnosc gatunku rozprzestrzenienie wewn'ltrz Paratetydy Srodkowej uniemozliwia wydziele indeksowego Plicatiforma pficata w zepole ze Zrecza jednoznacznie wska nie w obfl:;bie polskiego badenu dwoch podpoziomow: Pecten revolutus zuje na poziom gamy. Najmlodsze osady sarmackie datowane na pozny Chlamys elegans i Pecten aduncus-Flabeliipecten leythajanus, wolyn/wczesny bess arab pochodz'l z otworu wiertniczego Jamnica S-119 proponowanych dla badenu Wl'gier. Zespol przegrzebkow z badenu Polski (gl~b. 65,0-67,5 m). Brak gatunk6w indeksowych uniemozliwia dokladne obejmuje 29 gatunkow (tab. 2); wystl'powanie 11 gatunkow ograniczone jest podanie poziomu. do dolnego badenu. Dla gornego badenu gatunkami charakterystycznymi S'l: