If you no longer need this pnblication write to the Geological Survey in Washington for an official mailing label to use in returning' it UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF T&E INTERIOR MOLLUSCA FROM THE MIOCENE AND LOWER PLIOCENE OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA i PART 1. PELECYPODA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 199-A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Professional Paper 199-A MOLLUSCA FROM THE MIOCENE AND LOWER PLIOCENE OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA PART 1. PELECYPODA BY JULIA GARDNER WITH A SUMMARY OF THE STRATIGRAPHY By W. G. MANSFIELD UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1943 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ------- Price 55 cents CONTENTS Pag« Page. Abstract-._ ______-___________i______---_-__-_-_-___ 1 Systematic descriptions, by Julia Gardner—Continued. Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Order Prionodesmacea—Continued. Stratigraphy of the Miocene of Virginia and the Miocene Superfamily Ostracea__________-___-_-_-_-___ 41 and Pliocene of North Carolina, by W. C. Mansfield __ Family Ostreidae_______________________ 41 Summary- _____________________________________ Order Anomalodesmacea_______________-_-___-___ 41 Maryland________________________________ Superfamily Anatinacea____..___________-____ 42 Miocene (Chesapeake group)_____________ Family Periplomatidae__________________ 42 Pliocene _______________________________ Family Thraciidae______________________ 42 Virginia.__________________________________ Family Pandoridae____________________ 44 Miocene (Chesapeake group)_____________ Superfamily Poromyacea.___________________ 50 Pliocene-______________________________ Family Verticordiidae___________________ 50 North Carolina-____________________________ Order Teleodesmacea__________________________ 51 Miocene _______________________________ Superfamily Astartacea______________________ 51 Pliocene._ __-___----_____-___-_______-_ Family Astartidae_____-______-_---_____ 51 Other States of the Atlantic coast-____________ Family Crassatellitidae__________________ 61 Miocene strata of Virginia.______________________ Superfamily Cyrenacea.^____________________ 64 Nomenclature. _____________________________ Family Cyrenidae--_-_-_------__--_-_-__ 64 Calvert- formation _ _________________________ Superfamily Cyprinacea_____________________ 65 Choptank formation ________________________ Family Euloxidae_______________________ 65 St. Marys formation._______________________ Family Pleurophoridae._________________ 66 Stratum A_____________________________ Superfamily Isocardiacea____________________ 67 Zone 1, or Bulliopsis quadrata zone________ Family Isocardiidae_____________________ 67 Zone 2, or Crassatellites meridionalis zone_ _ Superfamily Carditacea______________________ 68 Stratigraphic sections.__________________ Family Carditidae______________________ 68 Yorkto wn formation ________________________ Family Condylocardiidae________________ 73 Zone 1, or Pecten clintonius zone__________ Superfamily Lucinacea______________________ 74 Zone 2, or Turritella alticostata zone. ______ Family Lucinidae_-_-___________________ 74 Bed at Biggs farm._____________________ Family Diplodontidae___________________ 79 Sections in the Yorktown formation_______ Superfamily Leptonacea_____________________ 81 Miocene strata of North Carolina...______________ Family Leptonidae_____-_-______________ 81 Yorktown formation._______________________ Family Sportellidae_____________________ 83 Groups A and B________________________ Family Montaoutidae___________________ 85 Group C_______________________________ Superfamily Chamacea_______-_---___-_-_-__ S§> Group D______________________________ Family Chamidae_______._-__-_-______ 88 Group E_____________________________ Superfamily Cardiacea___________-__________ 89 Group F, bed at Mount Gould Landing. _ _ Family Cardiidae_______________________ 89 Duplin marL_______________________________ Superfamily Tellinacea.______-----________-_ 94 Family Tellinidae_____________________ 94 Pliocene strata of North Carolina.__-______---____ Family Semelidae_______________________ 100 Geologic ranges of certain species _________________ Family Donacidae______________________ 105 Localities in Virginia and North Carolina..________ Family Gariidae_-___-___-----__-_-_____ 107 Systematic descriptions, by Julia Gardner-____-_-____ Superfamily Solenacea_______________________ 108 Order Prionodesmacea_________________________ Family Solenidae_______________________ 108 Superfamily Nuculacea______________________ Superfamily Mactracea_______-______________ 109 Family Nuculidae_______________________ Family Mactridae______________________ 109 Family Nuculanidae_ ___________________ Family Mesodesmatidae_________________ 115 Superfamily Veneracea______________________ 116 Superfamily Arcacea________________________ Family Petricolidae.____________________ 116 Family Arcidae.________________________ Family Cooperellidae______________-_____ 119 Family Glycymeridae___________________ Family Veneridae_______________________ 120 Superfamily Mytilacea______________________ Superfamily Myacea________________________ 138 Family Mytilidae_______________________ Family Myacidae_______________________ 138 Superfamily Pectinacea______________________ Family Corbulidae______________________ 139 Family Pectinidae______________________ Superfamily Adesmacea_____________________ 141 Family Spondylidae-_-___-____________-- Family Pholadidae______________-_______ 141 Superfamily Anomiacea____________ ________ Family Teredinidae_____________________ 143 Family Anomiidae______________________ Index. _________________________________________ 169 in IV CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATES 1-23. Miocene and Pliocene pelecypoda of Virginia and North Carolina._-____-__________-______--_---_-__--_- 145 FIGURE 1. Columnar sections of Horsehead, Stratford, and Nomini Cliffs, Va____________j______________--__-__--__-.._ 5 2. Section on shore of the James River, east of old Kings Mill Wharf, Va___-.___-________-__________-___-___-__ 9 3. Diagrammatic representation of the beds of zone 2 of the Yorktown formation within 2 miles southeast of York- town, Va____-____________________________________-____i_____---___-_-_--_---___--_-_-_-_--------_ 10 4. Index map showing Miocene and lower Pliocene localities in Virginia and North Carolina...___________________ 18 TABLES TABLE 1. Correlation of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain deposits ranging in age from the upper part of the middle Miocene to the Pleistocene_____________________•__________________________________-________________-_-_------ 3 2. Geologic range of species._____________________________________________________________________- t --____ 14 MOLLUSCA FROM THE MIOCENE AND LOWER PLIOCENE OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA PART 1. PELECYPODA By JULIA GARDNER ABSTRACT companying chapter on the stratigraphy, by Dr. A brief sketch of the stratigraphy of the Miocene of Virginia Mansfield, is based upon work done by him alone. and the Miocene and Pliocene of North Carolina was prepared I am greatly indebted both to Miss Frances Wieser, by Dr. W. C. Mansfield before his death in July 1939. His who has so skillfully retouched the photographs, and purpose was "to provide a background of formational nomen­ to Miss N. L. Bowen, who has sustained the drudgery of clature" for the taxonomic treatment of the molluscan faunas. The physical nature and distribution of the upper Tertiary reworking an old manuscript with a cheerful patience formations within those States are discussed, characteristic and an ever alert mind and eye. sections given, and diagnostic molluscan species listed. Part 1 of the systematic report covers the Pelecypoda. A STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MIOCENE OF VIR­ monographic treatment is not attempted, but 132 previously GINIA AND THE MIOCENE AND PLIOCENE known species are considered, and 62 new species and subspecies OF NORTH CAROLINA are described and figured. By W. C. MANSFIELD INTRODUCTION This summary of the stratigraphy of the Miocene of Some 20 years ago I studied collections made in the Virginia and the Miocene and Pliocene of North Caro­ course of investigations upon the later Tertiary forma­ lina is intended to provide a background of forma­ tions by the State Surveys of Virginia and North Caro­ tional nomenclature for Dr. Julia Gardner's systematic lina. The taxonomic work was completed, and illus­ descriptions of Miocene and Pliocene Mollusca from trations were made for all the new and most of the those States. Though the literature pertaining to the previously described species. This first report was not region is extensive, a bibliography has been omitted. published. However, this omission is not a serious lack, for a bib­ The present report covers the same general field. It liography of publications on the Miocene and Pliocene includes descriptions and illustrations of the new of Virginia to 1912 was compiled by Clark and Miller 2 species, of several previously described species that and a similar bibliography for North Carolina by were figured in publications not widely distributed or Miller and Stephenson.3 Most of the important later easily accessible, and of forms for which some biologic publications have been noted in several papers by me.4 or stratigraphic information has been added. The This chapter is based in part on information that has report makes no claim to consistency of treatment or been published from time to time during recent