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PEDDE, F., Und S. LUNDSTRÖM — Der Alte Palast in in Detail 92837_BIOR_2009/5-6_01 17-03-2010 15:30 Pagina 586 653 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXVI N° 5-6, september-december 2009 654 and discussions of the objects in the catalogue are to appear subsequently, as are the complete copy and text of Frahm's prism. The joint authorship of three scholars, discussing the his- tory of a single building, ensures some differences of opin- ion and emphasis; such is often the case when different indi- viduals publish the same material, and is welcome, but there could have been more coordination. It is hardly sensible that Pedde should have employed a chronology, for Middle Assyrian kings, which is ten years higher than Lundström's ARCHEOLOGIE (compare pages 32 and 138, and if in doubt opt for Lund- ström!). Pedde describes and discusses the archaeological evidence PEDDE, F., und S. LUNDSTRÖM — Der Alte Palast in in detail. The earliest levels in this area were traced with the Assur. Architektur und Baugeschichte, 2 Bände. Letzte help of tunnels, because Andrae did not wish to destroy the Band: Faltpläne. (Baudenkmäler aus assyrischer Zeit 11, better-preserved upper levels, but he extracted essential data. WVDOG 120). Verlag Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, The early pottery can be dated to the later third millennium 2008. (35 cm, 206, 34 Tafeln; Plan 1-5). ISBN 978-3- BC. Pedersen has identified an archive of Old Akkadian 447-05727-1. ISSN 0342-4464. / 82,-. school texts from these levels, and an Old Assyrian archive The quality of the recording of the excavations at the apparently associated with remains of a monumental build- Assyrian capital-city of Ashur, initiated in 1903 by Robert ing to which Miglus assigned the name Schotteraufbau, Koldewey, passed immediately to Walter Andrae, and con- superseding earlier designations. This was perhaps the city's tinued by Andrae and colleagues until 1914, is astonishing. principal administrative building in the Old Assyrian period. Pedde in the current volume occasionally regrets one or A subsequent monumental building was represented by an another omission from Andrae's records, but they were extensive set of foundation trenches, producing a regular incomparably better than those of his contemporary, Leonard ground-plan, within which mudbrick foundations were later King, who was working during 1904-5 not far away at Nin- laid; this reviewer was pleased to find Pedde reviving the old eveh. The quality and quantity of the Ashur publications, suggestion that these foundation trenches and walls represent despite the intervention of two disastrous European wars, the palace of Shamshi-Adad I ultimately demolished by have also been astonishing. First there were extracts from the Puzur-Sin. One might compare the thorough demolition of field reports published in MDOG, and later a series of spe- the palace at Tell al-Rimah. The ground-plan of this monu- cialised monographs, in addition to Andrae's own popular mental building has come to be regarded as the Urplan for book. As for the area occupied by the Alte Palast, promi- the area, influencing subsequent Middle Assyrian palaces, but nently located on the northern side of the outcrop on which limited space was probably a more decisive factor. the city was built, it might have seemed that Preusser's 1955 After many centuries of construction and renovation under monograph, Die Paläste von Assur (WVDOG 66), had told Middle Assyrian kings, the palace was substantially rebuilt us enough about it, but not so. We have since had further by Ashurnasirpal II. Pedde provides such information as sur- detailed studies, notably by Miglus, and here now is another vives about these developments, and discusses how far the solid volume dedicated to this area alone, with a compact disc evidence can sustain identifications of particular sets of inside the back cover and a separate volume of plans. rooms as having particular ritual or domestic functions, with It is essentially several books or papers rather than one. In reference to the ground-plans of comparable palaces else- the main volume, after preliminaries and a bibliography, we where. Some of the comparative evidence is obvious and first have Pedde's study of the excavations and the architec- helpful, but it can also be alarmingly complicated. One prob- ture (pages 21-62, with a helpful summary on pages 63-5); lem is that Nineveh played an important role as an Assyrian then extracts from the excavators' diaries (pages 67-75); then royal centre. There is evidence for the existence of royal a catalogue, with publication references when available but palaces there from the Middle Assyrian period on, and they without illustrations, of 1122 objects excavated in the palace, are likely to have been significant in the evolution of palace together with concordances for Assur excavation numbers design, but next to nothing is known about their appearance and for Berlin and Istanbul museum numbers (pages 77-132); before the seventh century. then Lundström's history of the palace according to Pedde follows his discussion of the architecture of the cuneiform sources, with internal indices (pages 133-99); then Neo-Assyrian palace with a detailed description of each Frahm's annotated transliteration and translation of part of a room; this includes long quotations from Preusser's previous Sennacherib prism of about 690 BC apparently concerning book. Pedde also provides some details of the royal graves the palace (pages 201-4); and finally 34 plates, of which Taf. and other graves in the palace, including those on the east- 2-8 are plans showing stages in the development of the palace ern side whose stratigraphic situation, before or after the sack while Taf. 9-34 (or rather Abb. 9-82) mainly show pho- of Ashur in 614 BC, is unclear. Some of these palace graves tographs of the excavations and a few of the things found were absent from Haller's compendium of such material there. An appended folder has five plans, mostly of the Auf- (WVDOG 65). It is a pity that their contents are not published nahmeplan type, including many elevations and indications more fully in the current volume. of the angles from which photographs were taken. The com- Lundström's history of the palace according to the pact disc is a delight; besides presenting the plans, pho- cuneiform sources, besides citing RIMA and other publica- tographs and other data in digital form, it enables one to tions, contains transliterations and translations, with com- move instantly from plan to photographic view. Illustrations mentaries, of virtually every relevant text, together with 92837_BIOR_2009/5-6_01 17-03-2010 15:30 Pagina 587 655 BOEKBESPREKINGEN — ARCHEOLOGIE 656 details of their excavation provenances. It is a comprehen- After finishing this book, I turned the clock back some 40 sive treatment ensuring many very long footnotes. Lundström years and consulted my 1970 PhD dissertation, glancing also discusses whether it is possible to assign particular through the ten pages which deal with this selfsame subject, names, known from the texts, to particular parts of the build- the Alte Palast. I had used the information then available, ing, and does not enthuse over the possibilities. We are mainly from Andrae's original reports and Preusser's book. mostly left with well-known items such as the association It was slightly disconcerting to observe that, despite all the between the entrance of the palace and the bit sahuri. efforts of the authors of the current volume, the history of One question which all three authors address (notably on this building remains almost as confusing now as it was then. pages 34, 41, 57, 170-2, 183, 201-3), without reaching a con- The evidence, however, is more abundant and has been sensus, concerns the location and nomenclature of the royal arranged in a far more accessible form. The current volume throneroom. As recognised by Pedde, a room which would will be a fundamental work of reference for anyone con- seem to qualify, at least in and after the reign of Sen- cerned with the history of Ashur, and it provides a fine exam- nacherib, as what we conventionally call a “throneroom”, is ple of how excavations should be published. Room 22, on the northern edge of the palace, with a grand door leading north. This was the widest and probably longest London Julian READE surviving room in the Neo-Assyrian palace, measuring some University of Copenhagen 8 by an estimated 33 meters (compared with 10 by 46 meters for the throneroom of Ashurnasirpal's palace at Nimrud). It ** was provided with what appear to have been a throne-base * and a libation slab in the appropriate positions at the eastern end. Fragments of human-headed winged bulls, which HUOT, J-L. — Une archéologie des peuples du Proche-Orient. seemed to have been built into the foundations of Sen- Tome II: Des hommes de palais aux sujets des premiers nacherib's renovations, probably derived from the work of empires. (IIe–Ier millénaire av. J.-C.) Éditions Errance, Ashur-bel-kala or Ashurnasirpal II on or around Room 22. Paris, 2004. (25 cm, 252). ISBN 2-87772-268-6. / 27,-. Frahm further suggests that Rooms 21 and the adjoining Room 22 had functioned as a kummu or possible throne- The volume reviewed here is the second volume of Jean- room, besides speculating that they had been converted into Louis Huot’s Une archéologie des peuples du Proche-Ori- a chapel by Ashurnasirpal II and converted back by Sen- ent. The first volume dealt with the archaeology of the nacherib. Lundström accepts that Rooms 21 and 22 might ancient Near East from the tenth millennium to the end of the have been the kummu. third millennium B.C.
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