DOCSLIB.ORG

Participation and Leadership of Women in Politics in Tunisia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Participation and Leadership of Women in Politics in Tunisia Respect for Women’s Political Rights: Participation and Leadership of Women in Politics in Tunisia Year 1 of the Program 2014 This current document is a translation of all activity reports that were originally written in Arabic. We hope the translation does not alter the original thoughts provided by the participants. Views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the view of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) or of the Netherland Institute for Multiparty Democracy ( NIMD ) or any other partner or their respective executive boards, governing bodies, and /or member states. This report is independent of political interest. 1 Activities Implemented in March 2014 Activity 1: Selection’s criteria for parliamentary political parties to be involved in the project in Tunisia: March 5th, 2014. 2 Minutes on IDEA and CEMI meeting held on Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Agenda: Delineation of selection’s criteria for parliamentary political parties to be involved in the project in Tunisia Finalization of the flyer in Arabic developed to introduce the program to national stakeholders Agreement on the dates of the round tables to be organized to introduce and launch the project Results of the meeting: 1- Selection’s criteria for parliamentary political parties to be involved in the project for the year 2014 The program will target: -The political parties which were elected at the NCA following the 2011 election and have currently 3 or more seats: Party Name in March Name of the party and number of seats when elected in 2014 2011 Ennahdha Ennahdha 89 seats in 2011 NCA elections Ettakatol : Forum Ettakatol : Forum démocratique pour le travail et les démocratique pour libertés le travail et les 20 seats in 2011 NCA elections libertés CPR : Le Congrès CPR : Le Congrès pour la République pour la République 29 seats in 2011 NCA elections Al Massar Al Massar is a new political party. It was elected in 2011 under the name of Pôle démocratique moderniste (PDM) ou Al Qotb 3 PDM was a political coalition set up for the NCA election. PDM changed their name to Al Massar in 2012 In the 2011 NCA election, PDM won 5 seats. Le parti républicain The Republican is a new political party. It derives from the Parti démocrate progressiste (PDP), which was elected in 2011. In the 2011 NCA election, PDP won 8 seats Parti Al Moubadara Al Moubadara In the 2011 NCA election, Al Moubadara won 5 seats Parti Afak Tounis Parti Afak Tounis In the 2011 NCA election, Parti Afak Tounis won 4 seats Parti des travailleurs Parti des travailleurs In the 2011 NCA elections, le parti des travailleurs won 3 seats -The new political parties formed following the splits of certain political parties elected at the NCA in the 2011 election and which have currently 3 or more seats at the NCA: Mouvement Wafa 7 seats in March Wafa movement is a new political party. It 2014 derives from the party ‘Le Congrès pour la République –CPR’ which split into 4 political parties. Courant 3 seats in March Democratic movement is a new political democratique ? 2014 party. It derives from the party ‘Le Congrès pour la République– CPR’ which split into 4 political parties. Parti de l’alliance 11 seats in March The Party of the Democratic Alliance is a démocratique 2014 new political party. It derives from the the Parti démocrate progressiste (PDP) which split into 2 political parties -The new political parties which were not elected at the NCA during the 2011 election but have today a significant representation on the ground: Nidaa Tounes 7 seats in March Nidaa Tounes is a new political party 2014 4 These 12 political parties were also selected because they are following in one way or another one of the training courses organized by our national partner, CEMI, through the Tunisian school of politics. This program will further strengthen their capacities, especially on gender issues which are not so far incorporated into the TSOP curricula. Those parties excluded from this program: 1- The new formed political parties currently represented at the NCA which are mainly composed of members who were elected in 2011 as independent candidates. These new parties do not represent the interest of a group of people. There are two risks: A) they disappear after election, and B) they disappear during the mandate of the NCA by merging with others or by composing new political parties!!!1 2- The political parties elected at the NCA in the 2011 election but have currently one or two or seats. Final list of partner’s political parties Name of the party Acronym Ennahdha Mouvement Ennahdha The Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties Ettakatol The Congress for the Republic /Le Congrès pour CPR la République Social Democratic Path /La Voie démocratique Al Massar et sociale Republican Party /Le parti républicain Al Joumhouri Parti Al Moubadara Al Moubadara Parti Afak Tounis Afak Labor party /Parti des travailleurs Le parti des travailleurs Wafa Mouvement Wafa Democratic Current /le courant démocratique Al Tayyar Democratic Alliance Party /Parti de l’alliance L’alliance démocratique démocratique Nidaa Tounes Mouvement Nidaa 3- The flyer developed to introduce the program to national stakeholders and translated into Arabic was discussed and finalized. 1 - We mean here two political parties: Mahaba stream party and Republic movement party. 5 4- Planned roundtables to introduce the project to the selected political parties: It was agreed that two roundtable discussions will be organized in early April to introduce the program and to inform the program’s target group about planned activities for the year 2014. -Thursday, April 10th: roundtable with the parties’ leadership / executive committee -Friday, April 18th: roundtable with the parties’ women’s wings and other committees The roundtable discussion will be organized at CEMI’s premises. Other roundtables might be planned in April. 6 Activities Implemented in April 2014 P0245-02/ 1004 Activity 2: Dialogue session to introduce the program to the members of the partner’s political parties executive bodies: April 18, 2014 Activity 3: Dialogue session with women’s wings members: April 30,2014 7 Dialogue Session with the Members of the Partner’s Political Parties’ Executive Bodies Introduction and Official Launching of the Program Friday, April 18, 2014 - 17.00-20.00 CEMI’s Premises – Tunis/Tunisia P0245-02/ 1004 In line with the approved work plan, International IDEA and CEMI organized a dialogue session to introduce the program to the male-dominated executive leadership bodies of Tunisian political parties on Friday, April 18, 2014. In preparation for this event, the program’s coordinator and CEMI’s director organized preparatory meetings with most of the selected partner political parties. The scope of the meetings was: 1-to follow up on the invitations sent and, 2- to lobby for a high level of representation during the dialogue session. Due to the privileged relationships CEMI/TSOP have established over the last two years with the leaders of the political parties, all the meetings were called and fixed by the latter. Eight out of 12 political parties actually attended. Wafa Movement, Al Massar party and the Democratic Alliance Party, cancelled the meetings due to the political crises that arose after the Military Court of Appeal’s decisions rendered in cases of “Martyrs and Wounded of the Revolution”. Al Joumhoury party confirmed its attendance on the 18th but was not able to fix a meeting prior to this date. The meetings held were an opportunity to: 1- Introduce the implementing organization (International IDEA) to the political leaders 2-Give an overview of the program in general and the activities to be run in Tunisia in particular 3-Insist on the importance of involving male members of the executive leadership bodies, especially with regards to component 1 of the project 4-Insist on the importance of having the same members of the executive leadership bodies attending the four-year program from each political party. This will foster the local ownership of the program by the political parties and will further encourage them to set the agenda, thereby ensuring its local relevance. 5-Gather initial information on the level of women’s presence within the political parties’ structures 8 The preparatory meetings went as follows: Tuesday, April 15, 2014 Ettakatol Mrs. Thouraya Hammami – Bekri [email protected] Vice-présidente du conseil Tel : 00216- 98 741 428 National Ettakatol Mr. Elyès Fakhfakh [email protected] Tel : 00216 -98 313 705 Courant Mrs. Amal Maghrabi Tel : 00216- 21 470 534 Démocratique Membre du bureau politique Mr. Youssef Elamdani Tel : 00216- 20 320 320 Ennahdha Mr. Abdelhamid Jelassi [email protected] Vice President – General [email protected] Coordinator Tel : 00216 22 933 600 Fax : 00216 – 71 901 679 Mr. Mohamed Trabelsi [email protected] xhtr h u wt uuxrt u wt cxrt [email protected] thtdxstr Tel : 00216-94 484 612 –vtrthri r hsxrr h – rtre xct ruuxrt hrtt h teh 00216- 21 924 271 hrtt h teh Fax : 00216- 71 900 948 Mrs. Wassila Zoghlami [email protected] [email protected] Membre du bureau excecutif- Tel : 00216 -29 383 829 Responsable du bureau « la 00216 -95 548 355 femme et la famille » Parti des Mrs. Rafika Reki [email protected] travailleurs Tel : 00216 23 606 216 Member of the executive body 00216 71 283 360 and national coordinator of 00216 71 283 365 “Moussawet “association Mr. Hammadi Benmim [email protected] Tel : 00216 97 542 811 Member de la Direction nationale 00216 71 283 360 - Chargé de l’Information 00216 71 283 365 Al Moubadara Mr. Kamel Morjane [email protected] Tel : 00216 71 289 251 Secretary General of the party 00216 71 289 252 00216 71 289 277 9 Mrs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kamal Ben Younis Auther N
    Artical Name : Vision from Within Artical Subject : Where is Tunisia Heading? Publish Date: 21/01/2018 Auther Name: Kamal Ben Younis Subject : Tunisian authorities managed to deal with the protests, which erupted in a number of cities and poor neighborhoods in the capital, after ³government announced an increase in value-added tax and social contributions in the budget.´However, the calm situation may be temporary if the authorities do not succeed in finding radical solutions to the problems, which angered youths. Those youth for seven years now have been threatening of a ³new revolution´that topples the new political elite whom they accuse of failing to achieve the main goals of their revolution which developed in January 2011.So where is Tunisia heading seven years after President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was toppled? Will the parties which triggered these new confrontations with the security forces succeed in launching what they call ³a second revolution´"Or will the opposite happen? Will the current political regime witness any substantial changes especially that it has been internationally supported for several reasons including that many western countries bet on the success of the ³Tunisian exception in transitioning towards democracy?´Separation from YouthsSome of those who oppose the government, mainly the opposition leaders of leftist, nationalist and Baathist groups that are involved in the Popular Front, which is led by Hamma Hammami and Ziad Lakhdhar, think that the increased protests against the governments, which have governed since January 2011, is proof that they cannot achieve the revolution¶s aims regarding jobs, dignity. That is because the government cannot liberate its measures from the International Monetary Fund¶s directions and from the agendas of financial lobbies that are involved in corruption, trafficking and imposing a capitalist policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ennahda's Approach to Tunisia's Constitution
    BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 10, February 2014 CONVINCE, COERCE, OR COMPROMISE? ENNAHDA’S APPROACH TO TUNISIA’S CONSTITUTION MONICA L. MARKS B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high- quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2014 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/doha TABLE OF C ONN T E T S I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. Diverging Assessments .................................................................................................4 IV. Ennahda as an “Army?” ..............................................................................................8 V. Ennahda’s Introspection .................................................................................................11 VI. Challenges of Transition ................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • In Tunisia Policies and Legislations Related to the Democratic Transition
    Policies and legislations The constitutional and legal framework repre- sents one of the most important signs of the related to the democratic transition in Tunisia. Especially by establishing rules, procedures and institutions in order to achieve the transition and its goals. Thus, the report focused on further operatio- nalization of the aforementioned framework democratic while seeking to monitor the events related to, its development and its impact on the transi- tion’s path. Besides, monitoring the difficulties of the second transition, which is related to the transition and political conflict over the formation of the go- vernment and what’s behind the scenes of the human rights official institutions. in Tunisia The observatorypolicies and rightshuman and legislation to democratic transition related . 27 Activating the constitutional and legal to submit their proposals until the end of January. Then, outside the major parties to be in the forefront of the poli- the committee will start its action from the beginning of tical scene. framework for the democratic transition February until the end of April 2020, when it submits its outcome to the assembly’s bureau. The constitution of 2015 is considered as the de facto framework for the democratic transition. And all its developments in the It is reportedly that the balances within the council have midst of the political life, whether in texts or institutions, are an not changed numerically, as it doesn’t witness many cases The structural and financial difficulties important indicator of the process of transition itself. of changing the party and coalition loyalties “Tourism” ex- The three authorities and the balance cept the resignation of the deputy Sahbi Samara from the of the Assembly Future bloc and the joining of deputy Ahmed Bin Ayyad to among them the Dignity Coalition bloc in the Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • [Tunisia, 2013-2015] Tunisia
    Case Study Series Women in Peace & Transition Processes: [Tunisia, 2013-2015] December 2019 Name of process Tunisia Constituent Assembly (2013-2015) and National Dialogue Type of process Constitution-making The role of women in resolving Tunisia’s post-“Arab Spring” political crisis, which and political reform peaked in 2013, was limited, but not insignificant. Institutionalized influence Modality of women's was very limited: there was no formal inclusion of women’s groups in the main inclusion: negotiations of the 2013/2014 National Dialogue and the influence of organized • Consultations advocacy was also limited in the pre-negotiation and implementation phases. • Inclusive commission For example, the women’s caucus formed in the Tunisian National Constituent • Mass mobilization Assembly (Tunisia’s Parliament from the end of 2011 to 2014, hereafter NCA) Women’s influence could not prevail over party politics and was not institutionalized. However, in the process: individual women played decisive roles in all three phases: one of the four main Moderate influence due to: civil society mediators, who not only facilitated the main negotiations, but also • + The progressive legislation in initiated the dialogue process and held consultations to determine the agenda Tunisia on women's rights and in the pre-negotiation phase, was a woman, (Ouided Bouchamaoui President political participation of the Tunisian Union of Industry, Commerce and Crafts (UTICA), from 2011 • + The influential role and status to 2018). A small number of women represented political parties in the of individual women negotiations of the National Dialogue. And women were active in consultations • - The lack of organized and group-specific women's and commissions concerning the National Dialogue, before, in parallel or after involvement the main negotiation period, for example in the consensus committee of the • - The involvement of relatively National Constituent Assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East Brief, No
    Judith and Sidney Swartz Director and Professor of Politics Islamists in Power and Women’s Rights: Shai Feldman Associate Director The Case of Tunisia Kristina Cherniahivsky Charles (Corky) Goodman Professor Carla B. Abdo-Katsipis of Middle East History and Associate Director for Research Naghmeh Sohrabi uch scholarship has been devoted to the question Myra and Robert Kraft Professor Mof Islamist governance, its compatibility with of Arab Politics Eva Bellin democracy, and its sociopolitical implications for women. Henry J. Leir Professor of the Some assert that Islamists cannot be in support of Economics of the Middle East democracy, and women who support democracy would not Nader Habibi support Islamists, as traditional Muslim law accords women Renée and Lester Crown Professor 1 of Modern Middle East Studies fewer rights than men. In the context of the 2010-11 Jasmine Pascal Menoret Revolution in Tunisia, many asked whether Tunisian Senior Fellows women would lose rights, particularly those concerning Abdel Monem Said Aly, PhD 2 Kanan Makiya personal status and family law, when the Islamist political party Ennahda won 41 percent of the votes in the 2011 Goldman Senior Fellow Khalil Shikaki, PhD Constituent Assembly elections and maintained a significant 3 Research Fellow proportion of seats in subsequent elections. Monica Marks David Siddhartha Patel, PhD elaborates on this concern, explaining that those opposed Marilyn and Terry Diamond to Ennahda believed that it would “wage a war against Junior Research Fellow Mohammed Masbah, PhD women’s rights, mandate the hijab, and enforce a separate Neubauer Junior Research Fellow sphere ethos aimed at returning Tunisia’s feminists back to Serra Hakyemez, PhD their kitchens.”4 Junior Research Fellows Jean-Louis Romanet Perroux, PhD This Brief argues that Ennahda’s inclusion in Tunisia’s government has had Ahmad Shokr, PhD a counterintuitive impact on gender-based progress in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Social Democracy
    1 Understanding Social Democracy By Sheri Berman Associate Professor of Political Science Barnard College Columbia University 3009 Broadway New York, NY 10027-6598 (212) 854-2158 2 For the first half of the twentieth century, Europe was the most turbulent region on earth, convulsed by war, economic crisis, and social and political conflict. For the second half of the century, it was among the most placid, a study in harmony and prosperity. What changed? Two narratives commonly emerge in answer to this question. The first focuses on the struggle between democracy and its alternatives, pitting liberalism against fascism, National Socialism, and Marxist-Leninism. The second focuses on competition between capitalism and its alternatives, pitting liberals against socialists and communists. Democratic capitalism is simply the best, indeed the “natural” form of societal organization, these stories assert, and once Western Europe fully embraced it, all was well. This account obviously contains some truth: the century did witness a struggle between democracy and its enemies and the market and its alternatives. But it is only a partial truth, because it overlooks a crucial point: democracy and capitalism were historically at odds. An indispensable element of their joint victory, therefore, was the discovery of some way for them to coexist. In practice, that turned out to mean a willingness to use political power to protect citizens from the ravages of untrammeled markets. The ideology that triumphed was not liberalism, as the “End of History” folks would have it, it was social democracy. If this sounds surprising or overblown it is because social democracy rarely gets either the respect or in-depth ideological analysis it deserves.
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisie 2014
    Mission d’Observation des Élections basée sur l’Approche Genre - Tunisie 2014 Élections législatives et présidentielles 26 octobre, 23 novembre et 21 décembre 2014 Rapport Final 1 CREDITS Rédigé: Nadia Akacha Expert Consultants: Hafidha Chekir, Yosra Fraous, Jinen Limem Commentateurs: Sabra Bano et Magda De Meyer Editeurs: Ibticem Kamoun, Matt Luna Lay-out: Johannes Van Geertsom Statistiques: Amine Toumi et Kunza Raja Photographe: Safa Mtaallah 2 Table des matière Liste des abréviations.................................................................................................................................... 5 Préface Et Remerciements ............................................................................................................................ 6 Observation des élections selon l’approche de Genre- Tunisie 2014 .......................................................... 8 Les Organisations partenaires de la mission d’observation des élections tunisiennes basée sur l’approche Genre ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Observateurs International ......................................................................................................................... 12 Mission Partenaires .................................................................................................................................... 14 Gender Concerns International Tunisie Office Team .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report
    ELECTION REPORT ✩ 2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report ELECTION REPORT ✩ 2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5100 www.cartercenter.org Contents Map of Tunisia................................. 4 The Independent High Authority Executive Summary ............................ 5 for Audiovisual Communications .............. 40 Background ................................. 6 Conclusion ................................ 41 Legal Framework ............................ 7 Candidates, Parties, and Campaigns ........... 42 Election Management ........................ 7 Campaigning in the First Round Voter Registration ........................... 8 of the Presidential Election .................. 42 Voter Education ............................. 8 Conclusion ................................ 44 Citizen Observation .......................... 8 Campaigning in the Parliamentary Election .... 44 Candidate Registration ....................... 8 Campaigning in the Second Round of the Campaign .................................. 9 Presidential Election ........................ 46 Voting and Counting ........................ 11 Campaign Finance ............................ 47 Tabulation ................................. 12 Social Media Monitoring ...................... 49 Electoral Dispute Resolution ................. 12 Legal Framework ........................... 49 Results .................................... 13 Methodology .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Voting Islamist Or Voting Secular? an Empirical Analysis of Election Outcomes in Tunisia’S Democratic Transition 2011-2014
    Voting Islamist or Voting Secular? An empirical analysis of election outcomes in Tunisia’s democratic transition 2011-2014. Degree Programme: MSc Comparative Politics Word Count: 9,874 Contents Voting Islamist or Voting Secular? An empirical analysis of election outcomes in Tunisia’s democratic transition 2011- 2014. .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Ennahda: a brief survey ................................................................................................................................ 4 Overview of the Transitional Period & Institutional Set Up of the 2011 and 2014 elections ....................... 6 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................................ 10 A Typology of Islamist Voting ............................................................................................................... 11 Dependent Variables ................................................................................................................................... 14 Independent Variables and Hypotheses ...................................................................................................... 14 Data Limitations and Theoretical Caveats .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • After the New Social Democracy Offers a Distinctive Contribution to Political Ideas
    fitzpatrick cvr 8/8/03 11:10 AM Page 1 Social democracy has made a political comeback in recent years, After thenewsocialdemocracy especially under the influence of the Third Way. However, not everyone is convinced that this ‘new social democracy’ is the best means of reviving the Left’s social project. This book explains why and offers an alternative approach. Bringing together a range of social and political theories After the After the new new social democracy engages with some of the most important contemporary debates regarding the present direction and future of the Left. Drawing upon egalitarian, feminist and environmental social democracy ideas it proposes that the social democratic tradition can be renewed but only if the dominance of conservative ideas is challenged more effectively. It explores a number of issues with this aim in mind, including justice, the state, democracy, welfare reform, new technologies, future generations and the new genetics. Employing a lively and authoritative style After the new social democracy offers a distinctive contribution to political ideas. It will appeal to all of those interested in politics, philosophy, social policy and social studies. Social welfare for the Tony Fitzpatrick is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Sociology and Social twenty-first century Policy, University of Nottingham. FITZPATRICK TONY FITZPATRICK TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page i After the new social democracy TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page ii For my parents TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page iii After the new social democracy Social welfare for the twenty-first century TONY FITZPATRICK Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page iv Copyright © Tony Fitzpatrick 2003 The right of Tony Fitzpatrick to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Foundations of Social Democracy SOCIAL DEMOCRACY READER 1 Foundations Social of Democracy
    SOCIAL DEMOCRACY READER 1 Tobias Gombert et al. Foundations of Social Democracy SOCIAL DEMOCRACY READER 1 Foundations of Social Democracy NEW 4th, Revised Edition ISBN 978-3-95861-874-9 4th, revised edition Published by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung German Edition: Political Academy, Bonn November 2014 English Edition: Division for International Cooperation, Berlin August 2017 4th edition edited by: Jochen Dahm, Tobias Gombert, Christian Krell, Michael Reschke, Kerstin Rothe, Martin Timpe Contact: [email protected] / [email protected] Printing: Brandt GmbH, Bonn Layout and composition: DIE.PROJEKTOREN, Berlin Translated by James Patterson Cover page photo: Frédéric Cirou, PhotoAlto The authors of individual sections are solely responsible for the contents. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Commercial use of FES publications in any media is not permitted without the written agreement of the FES. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY READER 1 Tobias Gombert et al. Foundations of Social Democracy CONTENTS Foreword to the fourth German edition 4 1. What is social democracy? Four answers to lead into the topic 6 1.1. Starting point: a provisional definition 9 1.2. Levels of argumentation 11 2. Basic values 15 2.1. Freedom 16 2.2. Justice 30 2.3. Solidarity 54 2.4. Interaction of the basic values 67 3. Fundamental rights and their realisation 69 3.1. Realisation of the fundamental rights – a key issue for social democracy 73 3.2. Social versus libertarian democracy 74 3.3. Social democracy and its implementation in fundamental rights 81 4. Commitments and Instruments 86 4.1. United States 92 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisia Transition Initiative (Tti) Final Report
    TUNISIA TRANSITION INITIATIVE (TTI) FINAL REPORT MAY 2011 – JULY 2014 JULY 2014 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI. 1 TUNISIA TRANSITION INITIATIVE (TTI) FINAL REPORT Program Title: Tunisia Transition Initiative (TTI) Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/OTI Washington Contract Number: DOT-I-00-08-00035-00/AID-OAA-TO-11-00032 Contractor: DAI Date of Publication: July 2014 Author: DAI The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TUNISIA TRANSITION INITIATIVE (TTI) CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................... 3 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ............................................................ 3 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ............................................................. 4 RESULTS .................................................................................. 4 COUNTRY CONTEXT ........................................................................ 6 TIMELINE .................................................................................. 6 2011 ELECTIONS AND AFTERMATH ............................................ 7 RISE OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM, POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND ECONOMIC CRISES ..................................................................................... 8 STAGNATION
    [Show full text]