„A Fierce Battle for Democracy“ Botschafter William Edward Dodd Und Die US-Amerikanische Deutschlandpolitik 1933-1938

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„A Fierce Battle for Democracy“ Botschafter William Edward Dodd Und Die US-Amerikanische Deutschlandpolitik 1933-1938 UNIVERSITY PRESS Stella Adorf, Jahrgang 1985, studierte an der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg von 2005 bis 2009 Geschichte und Politische Wissenschaft im Magisterstudiengang. 1 Teil Nach dem Magisterabschluss arbeitete sie als Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Lehrstuhl für Neueste Geschichte und am Zentrum für Angewandte Geschichte der FAU Erlangen, sowie als Dozentin im Fach Geschichte. Stella Adorf verbrachte drei Jahre in den USA, wo sie sowohl für ihre Dissertation im Fach Neueste Geschichte forschte als auch für eine Internationale Organisation tätig war. Seit Abschluss der Promotion in Erlangen 2015/16 lebt und arbeitet sie in Brüssel. FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät 6.1 A Fierce Battle for Democracy A Fierce Stella Adorf „A Fierce Battle for Democracy“ ISBN 978-3-96147-004-4 Botschafter William Edward Dodd und die US-amerikanische Deutschlandpolitik 1933-1938 Teil 1 FAU UNIVERSITY PRESS 2016 FAU Stella Adorf Stella Adorf „A Fierce Battle for Democracy“ Botschafter William Edward Dodd und die US-amerikanische Deutschlandpolitik 1933-1938 FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät Band 6. Herausgeber der Reihe: Prof. Dr. Michele Ferrari und Prof. Dr. Rainer Trinczek Stella Adorf „A Fierce Battle for Democracy” Botschafter William Edward Dodd und die US-amerikanische Deutschlandpolitik 1933-1938 Teil Erlangen FAU University Press 2016 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Das Werk, einschließlich seiner Teile, ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die Rechte an allen Inhalten liegen bei ihren jeweiligen Autoren. Sie sind nutzbar unter der Creative Commons Lizenz BY-NC-ND. Der vollständige Inhalt des Buchs ist als PDF über den OPUS Server der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg abrufbar: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-fau/home Umschlagfoto: ́ȀȀȀ Verlag und Auslieferung: FAU University Press, Universitätsstraße 4, 91054 Erlangen Druck: docupoint GmbH ISBN: 978-3-96147-004-4 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-96147-005-1 (Online-Ausgabe) ISSN: 2363-720X „ . Botschafter William Edward Dodd und die US-amerikanische Deutschlandpolitik 1933-1938” r Philosophischen Fakultät und Fachbereich Theologieder Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. phil. vorgelegt von Stella Adorf, M.A. aus Castrop-Rauxel Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Philosophischen Fakultät und Fachbereich Theologie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 5. Februar 2016 Vorsitzende des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Heike Paul Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gregor Schöllgen Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kießling Meinem Vater, in ewiger Liebe Danksagung Der Weg zur Fertigstellung der vorliegenden Dissertation war ein langer und manchmal steiniger Pfad mit vielen Abzweigungen. Er führte mich an verschiedene Orte auf zwei Kontinenten, zu unzähligen Reisen, teils wahnwitzigen Erlebnissen und vielen neuen Freundschaften. Entspre- chend hatten neue und alte Freunde, Familie und Bekannte, Kollegen und Betreuer einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Erfolg dieses Promo- tionsstudiums. Mein Dank geht zunächst an meinen Doktorvater, Prof. Dr. Gregor Schöllgen, sowie an meinen Zweitgutachter Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kießling. Beide haben mein Studium, meine Schwerpunktlegung in der Magister- und der Doktorarbeit, meine ersten akademischen Gehversuche an der Universität Erlangen und in der Forschung sowie meinen weiteren beruflichen Werdegang maßgeblich beeinflusst. Ohne ihre allzeit her- ausragende, kompetente, zuverlässige und wohlwollende Betreuung und Geduld wäre das Projekt Dissertation nicht möglich gewesen. Ihre Motivation und Ratschläge waren ausschlaggebend in jeder Hinsicht. Ein besonderer Mentor war ebenso Dr. Herbert Sirois, der mich in meiner Themenwahl für die Magister- wie auch die Doktorarbeit und in den Jahren des Promotionsstudiums durch viele gute Gespräche, Ratschläge, Diskussionen und praktische Hilfe unterstützte und mir – zusammen mit seiner Familie - über so viele Jahre ein treuer Wegbegleiter und Freund war. Selbstverständlich sind meine Kommilitonen und Kondoktoranden, Bettina Fettich, Matthias Braun und Dimitrios Gounaris nicht zu vergessen. In unzähligen privaten wie universitären Treffen teilten wir unsere Sorgen und Hoffnungen bezüglich unserer Forschungen, ermu- tigten uns gegenseitig, führten akademische und persönliche Gespräche, die uns alle stets voranbrachten und in unser aller erfolgreichen Disser- tation mündeten. Ebenso am Lehrstuhl für Neueste Geschichte nicht wegzudenken und immer zur Hilfe oder einem freundlichen Gespräch bereit waren Angelika Frisch und Dr. Claus Schäfer, die nicht nur meine Dissertation, sondern auch die Studienjahre davor sowie meine Zeit als studentische Hilfskraft und Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin begleiteten. 5 Dank geht desweiteren an die beiden engagierten studentischen Hilfs- kräfte Bianca Siedenschnur und Yvonne Blomann, die meine Vorberei- tung auf die Disputatio vom Ausland aus ermöglichten. Ich hatte das Glück, in mehreren Archiven in Deutschland und den USA forschen zu dürfen. Ausnahmslos alle Archivare erwiesen sich dabei als äußerst freundlich und hilfreich bei meiner Suche nach dem geeigneten Forschungsmaterial. Mein besonderer Dank gilt Virginia und dem Archivarsteam der Franklin Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park, New York. Die Arbeit mit ihnen machte für mich meine Zeit am Hudson River zu meiner wohl besten in Hinblick auf meinen gesamten USA-Aufenthalt. Viele neue Freunde und Kollegen in Amerika begleiteten mein drei- jähriges Abenteuer auf dem neuen Kontinent, das mir über die Zeit in den Archiven und meine berufliche Tätigkeit hinaus für immer im Gedächtnis bleiben wird. Ganz besonders möchte ich Mette Prassé Hartov und Victor Hartov danken, die mich zu einer Zeit bei sich zuhause aufnahmen, in der ich als Neuankömmling in den USA die Balance zwischen Arbeit und Dissertation neu finden musste. Zusammen mit einigen weiteren Freunden machten sie meinen Amerikaaufenthalt zu einem unvergess- lichen Erlebnis, das mich zurück in Deutschland in den unendlichen, manchmal einsamen Stunden der finalen Schreibphase unzählige Male dazu ermutigte, die Dissertation fertigzustellen. Außergewöhnliche Wegbegleiter, über alle Höhen und Tiefen hinweg, waren mir Caterina Becker und Peter Jansen, die mir lange Monate hinweg die Archivarbeit und Bibliotheksaufenthalte an der Freien Univer- sität von Berlin durch ihre Gastfreundlichkeit, Herzlichkeit, Freundschaft und ihren Rat unermesslich leichter machten. Sie, wie einige weitere Menschen, die an dieser Stelle unbenannt aber nicht unvergessen bleiben, sprachen mir stets Mut zu und wurden freiwillig oder unfreiwillig zu maßgeblichen Faktoren für die Fertigstellung der Arbeit. Dies gilt insbesondere für meine Schwester Cora Melissa Adorf und meine Mutter Stephanie Katharina Adorf, die Stimmungsschwankungen und Schreibblockaden genauso wie Phasen der Euphorie über neue For- schungserkenntnisse mit der Gelassenheit hinnahmen, wie sie nur in einem besonders engen familiären Umfeld möglich sein kann. Meine Großmutter, Anneliese Adorf, die mit nunmehr fast 96 Jahren tatsächlich auch das erfolgreiche Ende der Dissertationsphase miterleben konnte, ließ mir wie in den Jahren zuvor im festen Glauben an meinen Erfolg 6 moralische Unterstützung und besonders die finanziellen Mittel für meine ersten Archivaufenthalte zukommen. Einige Male stand das Promotionsprojekt kurz vor dem Scheitern. Neben der beruflichen Belastungen in Amerika spielte dabei ein privates Ereignis eine entscheidende Rolle. Mein Vater, Pantelis Adorf, hat mein Leben, meine Persönlichkeit, meinen beruflichen Werdegang, meine Sicht auf die Welt und meine Dissertation wie kein anderer geprägt. Sein plötz- licher und vorzeitiger Tod wenige Monate vor Fertigstellung der Promotion wirkte mit seinen kurz- und langfristigen Konsequenzen auf die Grundfesten meiner Familie wie ein Erdbeben nie dagewesenen Aus- maßes ein. Der Gedanke an unser letztes Gespräch, in dem er mir riet, der Doktorarbeit und der Familie vor allen anderen Dingen Priorität einzuräumen, ermutigte mich dazu, über alle Hindernisse hinweg ein Jahr später die Doktorarbeit an der Universität Erlangen einzureichen. Ihm und nur ihm kann diese Arbeit gewidmet werden. 7 English Abstract of “A Fierce Battle For Democracy: Ambassador William Edward Dodd and the U.S. Foreign Policy towards Germany, 1933 to 1938” This study of U.S. Foreign Policy towards Germany in the 1930s focuses on the development of American perspectives on National Socialist Germany, in particular as they were influenced by reports and warnings written by the U.S. Ambassador to Germany from 1933 to 1937, William Edward Dodd. Two key hypotheses of this book state that the totality of National Socialist thought, politics, actions and claims, along with other totalitarian systems of that time, irreversibly influenced the American discussions on the future of their own and the global socio-economic and political system. The clash of different thought, of political and social ideas, of economic experiments and remedies for the domestic crisis led to the transformation of the United States of America to the democratic counterpart of all totalitarian regimes, to a globally active capitalist world power and eventually the superpower of the 20th century. The book starts
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