DOCSLIB.ORG

British History: Roman Britain Knowledge Organiser Glossary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
British History: Roman Britain Knowledge Organiser Glossary British History: Roman Britain Knowledge Organiser Glossary 1 milestone (n) A stone set up to mark the distance in miles to a particular place. What was the Julian calendar? Who did the Romans in Britain trade with? 2 amphitheatre (n) A circular or oval building with a central space and tiers of seats for spectators. Julius Caesar introduced the Julian The Romans traded goods across their entire empire (and beyond too). calendar to the Roman empire. It This meant that regions could produce, import and export a range of 3 foundations (n) Found usually below ground level and built to support the weight of something. looks very similar to our calendar items and produce. today. 4 bathhouse (n) A building containing baths for communal use. 5 aqueduct (n) A man-made channel for transporting water. Month Reason for name 6 sacred (a) Something greatly respect by an individual, group or religion. Sept- is the Latin for 7th and this September was their 7th month. 7 persecuted (v) To be treated badly because of race or religious beliefs. 8 religion (n) The beliefs of an individual or group of people. Octo- is the Latin for 8th and this October was their 8th month. 9 trade (v) The action of buying and selling goods. Novem- is the Latin for 9th and 10 import (v) To bring products or goods into a country from another country. November this was their 9th month. 11 export (v) To sell or send goods from a country to another country. Decem- is the Latin for 10th and December 12 origin (a) Where something originally comes from. this was their 10th month. 13 slave (n) A person who is the legal property of another person. Named in honour of the Roman Januarius god of endings and beginnings. 14 currency (n) A system of money used by a whole county or multiple countries. Why did the Romans introduce coins and currency? 15 stylus (n) An ancient writing tool. Named after the februa, Februarius a purification festival in that month. The Romans wanted to make trading across the empire as easy and 16 Latin (n) The language of ancient Rome and its empire. fair as possible. To do this they introduced as set of coins that every region in the empire would use. The coins had different values and Named in honour of the Roman 17 calendar (n) A chart showing the days and/or months of a particular year. Martius everyone understood how this value system worked god of war — Mars. The coins also acted as an easy and effective way of sending 18 numerals (n) A figure or symbol showing a number. messages across the empire. They would also all have the head of Possibly named from the Latin 19 archaeological (a) Ancient sites containing evidence of history. Aprilis the current emperor on one side. Again, to make sure everyone aperire — meaning to open. knew the piece of information. 20 sources (n) Documents or objects that can tells us about the past. Named in honour of the nymph Maius Maia — goddess of growth. What did the Romans build? The Romans built a road network, many parts of which can still be seen today. Named in honour of the Roman Junius They built roads that took the quickest, most direct route possible. queen of the gods – Juno. The Romans also built towns; each following a similar plan. The towns would all have key buildings: a basilica (or town hall), a bathhouse, a forum (or Named after Julius Caesar who Julius market place) and insulae (blocks of houses and workshops). introduced the calendar. Roman bathhouses were public places – they did not bathe in private! They had many different rooms designed to ensure the Romans left feeling refreshed and Named after Augustus, one of clean. People used a strigil to scrape off dead skin and sweat but many wealthy Augustus the first Roman emperors. people would pay slaves to scrub and scrape their skin for them… Significant People and Places Significant People and Places Aquae Sulis Caerwent Londinium Dere Street St. Albans Jupiter Juno Constantine The Roman town now called An archaeological site dating The city of London, originally A Roman road from York A town named after the The king of the Roman gods. The queen of the Roman gods. The Roman emperor who Bath, Somerset, where you can back to Roman times where founded by the Romans. to Scotland that can still Christian priest Albanus who became a Christian and ended see a Roman bathhouse. evidence of Roman life be seen today. died for his beliefs. the persecution. was found. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Place Saint-Michel the Place Saint-Michel Is
    Place Saint-Michel The Place Saint-Michel is simple – a triangle between two streets, uniform buildings along both, designed by the same architect, a walk of smooth cobblestone. The centerpiece is St. Michael defeating a devil; far above them are four statues symbolizing the four cardinal virtues of prudence, fortitude, temperance, and justice. This monument came to be because of the 1848 Revolution and a cholera epidemic in Paris that followed it which killed thousands. This idea of abstract concepts given human form had been popular during the Revolution, the big one, representing the kind of big virtues – like the Four Cardinal Virtues – that everyone could strive for, instead of a single human being whose actions and legacy would turn people against each other. Simultaneous with the creation of Place Saint-Michel, Napoleon III’s renovation brought the Boulevard Saint-Michel into being, and that is the next part of our walk. Facing the fountain with the river at your back, walk on Boulevard Saint-Michel, it’s the street to your left. Walk away from the river along that street. Ultimately, you’ll be turning left on Rue des Écoles, but it’ll be about five minutes to get there, and you can listen to the next track on the way. Boulevard Saint-Michel The character of the street you’re on – wide-open space lined with trees and long, harmonious buildings, plus, often, a view of some landmark in the distance – was a central part of the renovation plan, or the Haussmann plan, as it’s also known.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinctoris's Minimum Opus
    Tinctoris’s Minimum Opus ROB C. WEGMAN (Princeton University) he story has long been known and often been told: as a student at the TUniversity at Orléans, Johannes Tinctoris made a fool of himself.1 Proud of his accomplishments, and pleased especially with his literary prowess, he allowed his vanity to slip through and leave a permanent record, in full view of all posterity, in a document that would survive the centuries. That document, which is still kept at Orléans today, is precious for several reasons – not the least of which is that it is the only surviving text written in the theorist’s own hand. Yet what makes it truly invaluable is what he reveals about himself, intentionally and, perhaps, unintentionally. The text has been transcribed and edited by several modern scholars, and the facts of the case are well known.2 Yet the story they tell remains a footnote to the larger story of Tinctoris’s life. My aim in the pages that follow is to take another close look at the text, and to give it more of the interpretive scrutiny that we are accustomed to give to other documents from this period. Like so many medieval texts, the Orléans document raises questions that may not be obvious in a face-value reading. Indeed, upon sustained scrutiny we may soon find ourselves wondering what, exactly, is the story it tells, how much of a fool Tinctoris really made of himself, and who, ultimately, has the last laugh. Before delving into those questions, however, let us begin by recapitulating the story, and providing some of the context necessary to analyze it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina
    The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina Abstract The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar | 290 calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1. Introduction The reason why February has 28 days in the modern calendar is that Caesar did not want to interfere with festivals that honored the dead, some of which were Past Imperfect 15 (2009) | © | ISSN 1711-053X | eISSN 1718-4487 connected to the position of the Roman New Year. In the earliest calendars of the Roman Republic, the year began on March 1, because the consuls, after whom the year was named, began their years in office on the Ides of March.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Baths Complex Is a Site of Historical Interest in the English City of Bath, Somerset
    Aquae Sulis The Roman Baths complex is a site of historical interest in the English city of Bath, Somerset. It is a well-preserved Roman site once used for public bathing. Caerwent Caerwent is a village founded by the Romans as the market town of Venta Silurum. The modern village is built around the Roman ruins, which are some of the best-preserved in Europe. Londinium Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around 43 AD. Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century. Dere Street Dere Street or Deere Street is what is left of a Roman road which ran north from Eboracum (York), and continued beyond into what is now Scotland. Parts of its route are still followed by modern roads that we can drive today. St. Albans St. Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street. It is a historic market town and became the Roman city of Verulamium. St. Albans takes its name from the first British saint, Albanus, who died standing up for his beliefs. Jupiter Romans believed Jupiter was the god of the sky and thunder. He was king of the gods in Ancient Roman religion and mythology. Jupiter was the most important god in Roman religion throughout the Empire until Christianity became the main religion. Juno Romans believed Juno was the protector of the Empire. She was an ancient Roman goddess who was queen of all the gods.
    [Show full text]
  • History, Medicine, and the Traditions of Renaissance Learning
    History, Medicine, and the Traditions of Renaissance Learning History, Medicine, and the Traditions of Renaissance Learning • • nancy g. siraisi the university of michigan press • ann arbor Copyright © by the University of Michigan 2007 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid-free paper 2010 2009 2008 2007 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siraisi, Nancy G. History, medicine, and the traditions of Renaissance learning / Nancy G. Siraisi. p. cm. — (Cultures of knowledge in the early modern world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-472-11602-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-472-11602-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Medicine—History—16th century. 2. Renaissance. I. Title. R146.S57 2008 610.9—dc22 2007010656 ISBN13 978-0-472-02548-0 (electronic) For nobuyuki siraisi PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS his book is a study of connections, parallels, and mutual interaction T between two in›uential disciplines, medicine and history, in ‹fteenth- to seventeenth-century Europe. The elevation of history in status and signi‹- cance, the expansion of the scope and methods of history, and the related (but distinct) growth of antiquarianism are among the most striking—and recently among the best studied—features of the humanist culture of that period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eagle 1907 (Easter)
    Afay Term 1907. , NOTES FROM THE COLLEGE RECORDS. (Colltilluedjrom page 163). E give a further instalment of documents relating to the surplice controversy at St john's. These are from the State Papers, Domestic, in the Record Office. Two letters from Longworth are from Baker's collections. The first document however is taken from Strype's Life and Acts of Archbishop Parker, appendix No. xlii. It would appear that Longworth signed this apology or recan­ tation before Cecil, undertaking to read it publicly in the College; but when he came to do this he introduced certain verbal changes, which seem to have been duly noted and recorded. The words which he omitted are printed in italics, those which he added are enclosed in brackets. It is clear that his proceedings were subjected to the closest scrutiny by his opponents. I, Rychard LonglVorth, Master of the Collc:ge of S. John's of Cambridg , being called before Sir William . �, " in the University Cecyl, K night. Chancellor of the same University, and one of � the Quenes Miljeslies Privy Councd. and charged by him, ill hir r-liljesties name, wilh the breaking of cerlen ordonances and VOL. XXVIII. LL the College Records. 253 2j,Z Notes ./ro1JPtat College Recorcis. Notes ./nJ1ll without alteratiolt ullctions and ltSages, in the same college, inJunctions, given· by hir- I\Iaje&ly to the s-aid University and inj same as of late time, before the violation of the college, amongst other t'hings or inllovation, for certen eJ!<ternal rites and wet'e bound to h I have been charged), th.ey han� and c llstomes to be rdeyned in certen ecclesiastical actions, for (wherewit T e r shalbe given.
    [Show full text]
  • 0 Contents.Qxd
    Chronology Chart 1-6 Roman Calendar Explanation At the time of Christ, the Roman calendar and dating system were used throughout the Roman Empire. The calendar derived from the old lunar calendar of the Etruscans, which was designed to keep record of times for religious observances and festivals, and which retained as principal days of the month the kalends (first), nones (fifth or seventh), and ides (thirteenth or fifteenth), based originally on the phases of the moon. The months had been restructured by the Romans into a solar calendar of twelve months with several intercalary days at the end of February. March was the first Roman month, making September the seventh, October the eighth, etc. These names derive from the Latin words for seven (septem), eight (octo), and so on. The Roman calendar was reformed by Julius Caesar in 45 B.C., which version operated in New Testament times and still forms the basis of our own modern calendar today. Roman years were numbered ab urbe condita, “from the founding of the city.” The year we call 753 B.C. was the Roman year 1, the year that Rome is believed to have been established. References John F. Hall, “March Gods and the Etruscan New Year,” in By Study and Also By Faith (Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1990), 1:643–58. A. K. Michels, The Calendar of the Roman Republic (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967). Charting the New Testament, © 2002 Welch, Hall, FARMS Roman Calendar Kalendae First day of the month Named for Mars, Martius the god of the New Year Named for Aprilia, Aprilis Idus The fifteenth of March, a goddess of spring May, July, and October, but the thirteenth of all Named for Maia, other months.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Roads of Britain
    Roman Roads of Britain A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 04 Jul 2013 02:32:02 UTC Contents Articles Roman roads in Britain 1 Ackling Dyke 9 Akeman Street 10 Cade's Road 11 Dere Street 13 Devil's Causeway 17 Ermin Street 20 Ermine Street 21 Fen Causeway 23 Fosse Way 24 Icknield Street 27 King Street (Roman road) 33 Military Way (Hadrian's Wall) 36 Peddars Way 37 Portway 39 Pye Road 40 Stane Street (Chichester) 41 Stane Street (Colchester) 46 Stanegate 48 Watling Street 51 Via Devana 56 Wade's Causeway 57 References Article Sources and Contributors 59 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 61 Article Licenses License 63 Roman roads in Britain 1 Roman roads in Britain Roman roads, together with Roman aqueducts and the vast standing Roman army, constituted the three most impressive features of the Roman Empire. In Britain, as in their other provinces, the Romans constructed a comprehensive network of paved trunk roads (i.e. surfaced highways) during their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 - 410 AD). This article focuses on the ca. 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of Roman roads in Britain shown on the Ordnance Survey's Map of Roman Britain.[1] This contains the most accurate and up-to-date layout of certain and probable routes that is readily available to the general public. The pre-Roman Britons used mostly unpaved trackways for their communications, including very ancient ones running along elevated ridges of hills, such as the South Downs Way, now a public long-distance footpath.
    [Show full text]
  • I. Features Op Early Roads
    I. E ROADTH S THAT LE EDINBURGHO DT , ETC.HARRY . B G 1 . YR INGLIS, F.S.A. SCOT. I FEATURE EARLP SO Y ROADS. n endeavourinI ascertaio t g n e earlieswhicth e har t roads leading to Edinburgh, investigation is very much circumscribed by the absence of early road-maps, as the first of any real service were those of Adair, issued as late as 1680. If we go farther back than that, we are only abl o guest e s roughl e coursth y f suco e h roads from travellers' narratives d froan m, early documents, whic littlo d h e more that nle us kno f theiwo r existence, without specifying their position. Even though roads are referred to in early charters in describing the boundaries e terth ,m then employe t carrno y d idee ddi witth a t hi of a modern highway, built, fenced, and ditched, but rather that of a right-of-way, where a beaten track, the marks of a sledge, or of an occasional wheeled waggon, marked out the road on the hillside, or a narrow causewa a pave r o yd ford lef a mort e permanent record across moras r streamo s . Fence r wallo s s see o mhavt e been non- existent t standinbu , g stone d crossean s s marking parish r estato 2 e boundaries were met with frequently in their course. In fact, where a e alsSe 1o "The Road d Bridge e Earlan s th n yi s Histor f Scotland,yo " Proc., vol.
    [Show full text]
  • ROMAN COINS FOUND in SCOTLAND, 1951-60 by ANN
    ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND, 1951-60 by ANN . ROBERTSONES , M.A., F.M.A., F.S.A., F.S.A.SGOT. THE late Sir George Macdonald published four lists of Roman coins found in Scot- land, which brought the record of such finds up to igsg.1 A subsequent list, pub- lishe myselfy db , included Roman coins foun Scotlann di d between 193 I95O.d 9an 2 e followinTh g list includes bot Romae hth n coins foun Scotlann di d durine gth decade 1951-60 alsd o,an those coins which were found earlier t aboubu , t whicw hne information has come to light in recent years. The list has been divided into four parts: ) FIND(I . SA FROM ROMA NANTONINE SITETH N SO E WALL (II) FINDS FROM ROMA ANTONINE TH NN O SITE T E SWALNO L . FINDB S FROM NATIVE SITES . ISOLATEC D FINDS WIT RECORDEO HN D ASSOCIATIONS D. HOARDS The finds within each of the above groups have been arranged according to counties, for the convenience of those collating material from a particular area. Coin references have been given bot o Cohent h , Description historique des monnaies frappees sous Fempire romain (2nd ed., relevane 1880-92)th o t d t volumean , f Matso - tingly and Sydenham, Roman Imperial Coinage (1923-51), if these have already been published presene Th . t locatio coia f no find, where known alss ha ,o been noted. Grateful acknowledgment must once again be made of the cooperation and kindness of the countless informants who not only supplied details of the circum- stances of discovery, but who also made it possible for me to examine and identify almost every one of the coins myself.
    [Show full text]
  • Precincts of Venus: Towards a Prehistory of Ovidian Genre Joseph Farrell University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (Classical Studies) Classical Studies at Penn 2005 Precincts of Venus: Towards a Prehistory of Ovidian Genre Joseph Farrell University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Farrell, J. (2005). Precincts of Venus: Towards a Prehistory of Ovidian Genre. Hermathena, 177/178 27-69. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/158 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/158 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Precincts of Venus: Towards a Prehistory of Ovidian Genre Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Classics This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/158 Precincts of Venus: towards a prehistory of Ovidian genre by Joseph Farrell 1. Introduction One of the characteristically Ovidian themes in contemporary Latin studies is the plasticity of genre and the inventiveness with which Roman poets address generic concerns. Coming to terms with this problem has greatly advanced recent work on Latin poetry. In particular, our heightened ability to appreciate the shimmering ambiguity of Ovidian genre has led to a much more productive model for practising the hermeneutics of indeterminacy than had been current in Latin studies. Another recent gain has been an increased understanding of Ovidian genre in its historical
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Art from the Louvre
    Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre is organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Musée du Louvre. The exhibition is supported by an indemnity American Federation of Arts 305 East 47th Street, 10th floor from the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities. New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes scholarly exhibition cata- logues, and develops educational materials and programs. © 2007 American Federation of Arts All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational purposes. Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x226 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary Indianapolis Museum of Art September 23, 2007–January 6, 2008 Seattle Art Museum February 21–May 11, 2008 Oklahoma City Museum of Art June 19–October 12, 2008 Design/Production: Emily Lessard Front cover: Fragment of a Relief of a Double Suovetaurilia Sacrifice (detail), 1st or 2nd quarter of 1st century A.D. (no. 4) Back cover: Knife Handle in the Shape of a Thracian Gladiator, 2nd half of 1st century A.D. (no. 6) CONTENTS About This Resource 4 Exhibition Overview 5 Ancient Roman Society 6 History of Ancient Rome Government—The Emperor and the Senate Citizenship Non-Citizens—Foreigners, Slaves, and Freedmen Leisure 10 The Baths Roman Theater Circus Maximus The Amphitheater Religion 11 Guide to Roman Gods and Goddesses 13 Guide to Roman Vessel Forms 16 Interesting Facts about Ancient Rome 18 Selected Works of Art 19 1.
    [Show full text]