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How Basic Skills & Family Income Predict College Going CONNECTION NEW ENGLAND’S JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT VOLUME XIV, NUMBER 3 FALL/WINTER 1999 $3.95 Access How Basic Skills & Family Income Predict College Going ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: Deborah Meier on Schools Changing New England’s Culture of Philanthropy Maine’s New Investment in Research & Development Careers for a Community Service Generation Volume XIV, No. 3 CONNECTION Fall/Winter 1999 NEW ENGLAND’S JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 28 E-College: New England Institutions Marry Traditional Strengths to Cybertools Alan R. Earls Cover photograph by John Forasté courtesy of Brown University. 32 A New England Renaissance? Changing the Region’s Culture COVER STORY of Philanthropy George McCully 15 Access Is About 37 Progress Report: Institutional Autonomy More Than Money and Public Accountability Paul E. Harrington and Andrew M. Sum Eleanor M. McMahon Much of the discussion about improving access to higher education has centered around making college more affordable by improving financial aid and limiting tuition growth. But is financial DEPARTMENTS aid enough? Can we solve the problems of access to higher education simply by improving the 5 Editor’s Memo affordability of college? John O. Harney 6 Short Courses COMMENTARY 13 Data Connection 18 Making Change: Careers for a 39 Books Community Service Generation Rebel with a Cause reviewed by Edmund T. Cranch Steven K. Katona Best Practices in Higher Education Consortia reviewed by Carol Angus 20 A Conversation about Schools The College on the Hill (History of Middlebury) with Deborah Meier reviewed by John O. Harney 24 Targeting Technology: 42 Excerpts Maine’s New Investment in A Break from Pork: The Knight Higher Education Research and Development Collaborative on Campus Lobbying Carol Kontos 43 Campus: News Briefly Noted CONNECTION FALL/WINTER 1999 3 EDITOR’S MEMO CONNECTION ccess. If one word captures the range of compelling issues that the NEW ENGLAND’S JOURNAL New England Board of Higher Education should focus its energy on OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT A at the start of the new century, the word is access. CONNECTION: NEW ENGLAND’S JOURNAL OF HIGHER That was the consensus of NEBHE delegates who met recently in North EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT is Conway, N.H., to discuss NEBHE priorities for the first five years of the 21st cen- published four times a year by the New England Board of Higher Education, 45 Temple Place, Boston, MA 02111. tury. Their task: to make sense of a year’s worth of “focus group” meetings in Phone: 617.357.9620 • Fax: 617.338.1577 which NEBHE staff traveled to each of the New England states to ask leaders of Email: [email protected] education, government, business and the nonprofit sector what they see as the Vol. XIV, No. 3 Fall/Winter 1999 most crucial higher education, economic and social issues facing the region. ISSN 0895-6405 Copyright © 1999 by the New England Board of Higher Education. That access to college should rate so high is hardly surprising. While New England is the world’s most famous importer of young talent from across the Publisher: John C. Hoy Executive Editor: John O. Harney nation and around the globe, large groups of New England residents from Assistant Editor: Susan W. Martin urban Bridgeport, Conn., to rural Aroostook County, Maine, have little chance Editorial Intern: N. Sean Bowditch of tapping into the region’s vaunted higher education enterprise. Without a Director of Publications: Charlotte Stratton Design and Production: The Publication Group college education, they are deprived of the fruits of the region’s booming knowledge-based economy, which is paradoxically starved for workers. They Advertising Sales and Marketing Coordinator: Christine Quinlan have virtually no social mobility—no chance of the American Dream. Access then is the linchpin in another issue that clearly preoccupied focus Subscription Information: $20 per year (4 issues); regular issues $3.95 each; annual FACTS issue $14.95. group participants: the growing economic disparity between New England’s distressed rural areas and old industrial cities on one hand and the region’s Advertising rates are available upon request. bustling, technology-intensive suburbs on the other. CONNECTION is printed in New England. CONNECTION The stakes are obviously high. But what is the nature of the access problem? is indexed in PAIS International and in ERIC’s Current Index to Journals in Education. CONNECTION is Access is frequently coupled with affordability. Focus group participants available in microform and electronically from noted that the price of college—especially in New England—effectively denies University Microfilms, 800 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, access to many nontraditional students and those raising families (and indeed, MI 48106. A cumulative index of CONNECTION articles and abstracts of recent articles are accessible on the some suggested a new G.I. Bill is needed to help people pay for college). World Wide Web at www.nebhe.org. Yet many focus group participants echoed University of Rhode Island The New England Board of Higher Education Professor Harold Bibb’s observation that “the notion of access needs to be is a nonprofit, congressionally authorized, interstate expanded beyond cost—that students must be prepared to go to college.” agency whose mission is to foster cooperation and the Several spoke of the particular obstacles facing inner cities where over- efficient use of resources among New England’s approximately 260 colleges and universities. NEBHE burdened high school guidance counselors contend with issues such as was established by the New England Higher Education drugs, crime and teen suicide. Others spoke of rural communities where Compact, a 1955 agreement among the states of higher education is considered a luxury, and a live-for-today mentality dis- Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. courages borrowing for college. Worse, parents steer children away from college, fearing that young people may never return once they’ve seen the Chair: David C. Knapp, President-Emeritus, University of Massachusetts bright lights of Burlington or Orono, to say nothing of Paris. At a minimum, the access issue encompasses inadequate attention to early President: John C. Hoy childhood education, uneven K-12 preparation, hit-and-miss college guidance and low aspirations—all symptoms of the growing gap between haves and CONNECTION Editorial Advisory Board have-nots. As the demographer Harold Hodgkinson has written: “Many low- Kenneth Hooker Chair income, ethnic minority and immigrant children do not get exposed to the Columnist, Boston Globe folklore of ‘how you get into college’ in junior high years, while the ‘favored’ Richard Barringer have brothers and sisters in college, parents who are college graduates and Professor, University of Southern Maine lots of advice.” Laura Freid Executive Vice President for Public Affairs and Focus group participants also emphasized NEBHE’s capacity to bring New University Relations, Brown University England higher education’s considerable policy expertise to bear on complex Betsy Keady problems. In this issue of CONNECTION, Northeastern University economists Market Director, The Forum Corp. Paul Harrington and Andy Sum begin to tackle the issue of access, suggest- Arnold Koch ing that the problem is first and foremost a function of basic skills—essen- Arnold Koch and Associates tially, reading, writing and arithmetic. We trust Harrington and Sum’s article Thomas L. McFarland will be the first of many on the complexities of access. Director, University Press of New England * * * * Ian Menzies Special thanks also to NEBHE intern Sean Bowditch who contributed Hingham, Mass. greatly to the writing and editing of this issue. Neil Rolde Sewall’s Hill, Maine John O. Harney is executive editor of CONNECTION. CONNECTION FALL/WINTER 1999 5 SHORT COURSES Losing Faculties? ships, faculty development, academic has done just that in the July/August The much talked about shift from programs and campus technology. 1999 issue of the Boston Fed’s New full-time, tenured professors to gen- In some Midwestern states, public England Economic Review. erally lower-paid, part-time adjunct campaigns have been so successful By 1996, no New England state had faculty is borne out by an analysis of that small private institutions feel the comfort level it enjoyed in the eco- federal data by the National squeezed out, according to a recent nomic boom of the late 1980s, Education Association (NEA). article in the national Chronicle of Tannenwald finds, but the region was In 1993, public four-year institu- Higher Education. But not so in New far more comfortable than any other in tions employed more than 287,000 England, where public and private col- America. Moreover, New Hampshire full-time faculty and fewer than lege fundraisers operate in starkly dif- ranked second nationally in comfort, 89,000 part-time faculty, the NEA ferent worlds. This fall, the behind only Nevada. Connecticut reports. Four years later, the full-time Massachusetts Institute of Technology ranked fifth; Massachusetts, eighth; figure had inched up 2 percent to received a single gift from alumn and Vermont, 15th; and Rhode Island 25th. about 293,000, while the part-time software entrepreneur Kenan Sahin Maine, which ranked 30th, was number jumped 19 percent to more worth the equivalent of UNH’s five- the only New England state less com- than 105,000. year goal. Harvard, meanwhile, will fortable than the national median. The trend at private institutions complete a six-year campaign on New has been only slightly less pro- Year’s Eve worth well in excess of $2.3 nounced, with the ranks of full-timers billion—about 10 times the UNH and Advanced Diapering? declining slightly and the number of UMass goals combined. And Tufts Just 29 percent of U.S. colleges offer part-timers rising by 5 percent. (At University so easily reached its $400 on-campus day care for children of public two-year institutions, both million campaign goal, it’s raising the students, according to the U.S.
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