DOCSLIB.ORG

Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan the Year 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan the Year 2014 Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan The Year 2014 Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan The Year 2014 Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research PILER PILER acknoweldges financial support of the Solidarity Centre for this publication. Advisor Karamat Ali Editor Zeenat Hisam Section One Zeenat Hisam Section Two Dr. Hafiz Pasha Nasir Jamal Dr. Anjum Altaf Dr. Kaiser Bengali Aasim Sajjad Akhtar Dr. Pervez Tahir Arif Hasan and Mansoor Raza Shahid Anwar Bajwa Syed M. Ghazenfur Zeenia Shaukat Soonha Abro Design & Layout K.B. Abro First Published: ISBN 978-969-9153-16-7 Printed at Print Vision Published by: Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research PILER Centre ST-001, Sector X, Sub-Sector V, Gulshan-e-Maymar Karachi 75340 Pakistan Contents Foreword 5 Section One 7 1. Introduction: Year 2014 9 National Context War on Terror Anti-Terrorism Law Economic Overview Human Development Indicators 2. Legislative Changes 13 Four Years after 18th Amendment Labour legislation: The Missing Framwork Legislation in the Provinces 3. Labour Conditions 18 Labour Market Information Labour Market Indicators Minimum wages Occupational Safety and Health Trade Unions Labour Struggles 4. Labour Struggles 24 Public Sector: Against Privatisation Corporate Sector Informal Sector Section Two 27 Special Articles 1. GSP Plus and the Status of Labour 29 Dr. Hafiz Pasha 2. Textile Industry and Compliance: One Year After GSP Plus 43 Nasir Jamal 3. Interaction of Labour Law and Economic Growth 51 Dr. Anjum Altaf 4. Land Tenure System and the Peasantry in Sindh 65 Dr. Kaiser Bengali 5. Okara Peasants Movement: 14 Years After 71 Aasim Sajjad Akhtar 6. Privatisation: Implication on Labour 79 Dr. Pervez Tahir 7. Impact of regional conflict on power looms in Karachi 87 Arif Hasan & Mansoor Raza 8. Labour Laws after 18th Amendment 99 Shahid Anwar Bajwa 9. Trade Unions under Labour Laws 105 Syed M. Ghazenfur 10. Brief Profiles: EOBI and SESSI 111 Zeenia Shaukat 11. Legislation on Sexual Harassment: Issues in Implementation 117 Soonha Abro 12. Pakistan’s Textile: Trapping of the Value Chain Zeenia Shaukat Foreword he task of capturing the status of labour in all its diverse aspects is onerous. Particularly in a country where the State keeps shedding its responsibilities of regulation, documentation, inspection, and monitoring of the complex world of work, where culture is heavily tilted towards oral tradition rather Tthan written, where informal economy is the norm and where social justice and human and labour rights lay at the bottom of the policy-makers' agenda. Despite constraints to acquiring accurate data, useful insights and analyses, and with limited resources, PILER, in recent years, has initiated to review the changing trends in labour and employment, and the factors impacting on workers' lives and the terms and conditions of work. The review also documents the workers' struggles to con- front repressing forces let loose by deregulation, liberalisation and privatisation. This report, fourth in the series, is yet another modest attempt to put together glimpses of the world of work in Pakistan and present a picture of the current sta- tus of labour in the country. The first section of the report, based on secondary research, gives an overview of the socio-economic and political context, human development indicators, legislative development, labour market indicators and the existing terms and conditions of employment. The second section of the report pres- ents a collection of research articles, case studies, and analyses of trends and issues related to labour and employment. PILER is greatly indebted to the researchers and writers who contributed to this section. Zeenat Hisam Senior Research Associate March 2015 Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan 5 Section One 8 Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan Introduction: The Year 2014 National Context hough the year 2014 began with a note of cautious optimism nurtured by the smooth transfer of democratic rule in May 2013, it was soon clear that peace and prosperity for the common citizenry would remain a dream. The year 2014 turned out to be as turbulent and eventful as previous years and Twitnessed a number of disasters, both man-made and natural, impacting the workers the most. Labour issues remained the least debated in the national discourse. The only positive development, that can be construed as silver lining for labour was the granting of the GSP Plus scheme under the EU trade program from January 2014. As the GSP Plus is conditional to compliance to eight ILO core labour conventions out of 27 international standards and covenants, there was a ray of hope that the gov- ernment would now give attention to compliance issues. Terrorist attacks, fueled by rising religious extremism, spiraled in the early months adversely impacting economic growth in all sectors and causing among populace a feeling of insecurity, extreme anxiety and anguish at the loss of human lives. A full- fledged military operation, Zarb-e-Azb was launched in North Waziristan in June to flush out militant groups from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The opera- tion led to an unprecedented displacement of a very large number of people and destruction of their livelihoods. From August onward, the political scene was dominated by protest marches and sit- ins led by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and Pakistan Awami Tehreek (PAT) against election riggings and for electoral reforms. The sit-ins and the clashes between the ruling party and the protesting parties in different cities also affected the economy and diverted attention from core issues. According to the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan estimates, the direct cost of the sit-ins to the economy amounted to Rs. 150 billion per day.1 The PAT wound up its march in October when its leader flew back to Canada. The PTI persisted but called off the sit-ins after the 16 December massacre of children at the Peshawar’s Army Public School by the militants. Due to prolonged drought conditions, entire Tharparker district was declared a Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan 9 People have suffered repeated crises in the recent past. Internal conflict and militancy have caused extensive damage to infrastructure and livelihoods and disrupted the momentum of economic development. The origins of the militancy can be traced to the multiple deprivations suffered by KP's people, including the inadequate and inequitable provision of social services (particularly education and health), widespread unemployment, and a poorly responsive state. 'Integrated Development Strategy 2014-2018, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa calamity-affected area at the end of February. In the absence of long term drought mitigation strategy, the population of 1.5 million suffered drastically. Malnutrition led to the loss of 521 lives, mostly children, and 259,946 families were affected.2 Many communities were forced to migrate in search of livelihood. Late and heavy monsoon rains in September caused havoc in Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir and flooded southern Punjab. The floods affected 2.53 million people, damaged 2.4 million acres of crops, and resulted in loss of 367 human lives.3 In May, the WHO imposed international travel restrictions due to the polio crisis. A very high number of polio cases (268) surfaced in 2014, breaking records of the last 12 years. Globally, 80 per cent of the cases of polio in 2014 happened in Pakistan. During 2014, the attacks on polio team members by the extremists resulted in 45 deaths, injuries to 18 and kidnapping of 19 persons.4 War on Terror The country remained in war in 2014. The 'War on Terror' that began in 2002, had claimed lives of 60,0005 Pakistanis by December 2014. The latest offensive, Operation Zarb-e-Azb, was launched on 15 June in North Waziristan and targeted terrorists' cells and hideouts in various parts of the country, killing 2000 militants by the end of December6. Though the operation was supported by a larger number of political parties, including religious parties, the war, despite being endemic, remained fraught with ambiguity and conflict, and failed to register fully on the collective con- sciousness of the people. The internally displaced persons, who lost their homes, their livelihoods and their assets, were a forgotten people, their plight and their exis- tence treated as 'collateral damage' - a damage that you do not talk about, that remains just a cold and neutral terminology in the prevalent discourse on war. By 20 November 2014, the number of displaced families had reached 304,992.7 Most of the 2.1 million internally displaced people, including children, took refuge in three camps - two in KP province and one in FATA — while many opted to live with rel- atives in congested space.8 The displaced persons particularly those temporarily residing in the KP province, protested through rallies, against inadequate facilities, the promises not honoured by the authorities and against media attention hijacked by the political sit-ins and marches. The displaced persons in Bannu and Bara took out rallies in June, August, and September against food shortage, substandard food, non-distribution of relief goods, sale of relief goods in open market, and difficulties 10 Status of Labour Rights in Pakistan in accessing national identity cards. In November a riot broke out in a camp in Bannu and nine people were injured when police opened fire. Children's education was affected and health of women also compromised. Displacement also took its toll on mental health of the people. The effect of war and displacement on people's livelihoods has been immense. The cost of war in the year 2013-2014 alone amounted to Rs. 701 billion9 and the worst affected province was Khyber Pakhtunkwa. The Swat farming system, along with its orchards, fruit processing industries, cold storages, dry storages and transportation and marketing mechanism, was ruined.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pakistan: Urbanization, Sustainability, & Poverty
    Pakistan: Urbanization, Sustainability, & Poverty Matt Wareing & Kristofer Shei Jessica Cavas, Megan Theiss, Zareen Van Winkle, Tai Zuckerman P a g e | 1 Tables of Contents Urbanization: Introduction 2 Causes: Labor & Unemployment 3 Afghan Refugees 4 Effects: Sanitation, Pollution, and Resources 6 Public Sector Issues 8 Limitations to Addressing Urbanization 9 Poverty: Introduction and Macroeconomics 11 Causes: Forced Migration 15 Influence/Disparity of Power (Income Gap, Feudalism, and Corruption) 16 Communal Concerns (Water, Education, Government Instability) 19 Limitations to Addressing Poverty 21 Recommendations: Preventative Refugee Policy 21 Water Resource Policy 22 Unilateral Program on Religious Tolerance 22 Works Cited 24 P a g e | 2 Urban Setting Pakistan has the sixth largest population in the world with 174 million people and an annual population growth rate of roughly 2% as of 2010, a sharp contrast to their post- independence population of 36 million. The UN projects that come 2050 Pakistan will have a population in upwards of 300 million. Although Pakistan's current population may be just over half of the US, their land mass is only about twice the size of California. Feeding, clothing, housing, and maintaining the quality of life for this dense population is one of Pakistan's greatest challenges. A particularly troublesome challenge has been the uneven distribution. Pakistan's uneven distribution is exemplified by the high density cities of Karachi, Lahore, and Faisalabad to the east and the sparse plains of Baluchistan as seen below. P a g e | 3 Karachi ranks as the world's largest city, even over Shanghai, with a population of 15.5 million and a metro-area population of 18 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Declining Decent Work and Emerging Struggles
    Labour Rights in Pakistan Declining Decent Work and Emerging Struggles A Report July 2010 Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research 2 Labour Rights in Pakistan Advisor Karamat Ali Editor Zeenat Hisam Section One Contributers Zeenat Hisam Shujauddin Qureshi Noriko Hara Section Two Contributers Dr. Ali Ercelawn and Karamat Ali Dr. Shahida Wizarat Bisharat Ali Noriko Hara Zeenia Shaukat Zeenat Hisam Cover Design and Layout K.B. Abro First published July 2010 ISBN 978-969-9153-08-2 Published by Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research PILER Centre ST-001, Sector X, Sub-Sector V Gulshan-e-Maymar, Karachi-75340, Pakistan Tel: (92-21) 6351145-7 Fax: (92-21) 6350354 Email: [email protected] 3 Labour Rights in Pakistan Contents Foreword Section One 1. Introduction National Context War on Terror Political Turmoil and the Change of Government Faltering Economy, Rising Poverty 2. Legislation, Policies and Tri-partite Consultations: The Gaps and the Widening Chasm IRA 2008 The Workers' Perspective: Labour Charter 2008 Stakeholdrs' Efforts for Alternative Industrial Relations Law Tri-partite Labour Conference 2010 Services Tribunal (Amendment) Bill 2010 Labour Policy 2010 3. Status of Labour Rights and Workers' Struggles in Selected Sectors Manufacturing: Textile Industry (Garments and Power Looms Sectors) Manufacturing: Hand stitched Footballs Agriculture Fisheries 4. Women in Employment Section Two Special Articles 1. Enabling Equitable Access to Land & Fisheries (Dr. Ercelawn & Karamat Ali) 2. Food security (Dr. Shahida Wizarat) 3. Migrant Workers in Karachi (Noriko Hara) 4. Social Protection (Zeenia Shaukat) 5. IRA 2010: Route to Change (Zeenia Shaukat) 6. Minimum Wages and Collective Bargaining: Emerging Initiatives in the Informal Sector (Zeenat Hisam) 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Printer-Friendly Version
    Global Rights Index 2018 - Violations of trade union rights increase in Europe The results of the latest ITUC Global Rights Index 2018 are worrying. The global union confederation notes that the democratic space is shrinking across the world. Corporate greed is on the rise as protection of workers is weakened and corporations like Amazon believe they can get away with anything that stands in the way of making profits. The number of countries with arbitrary arrests and detention of workers increased from 44 in 2017 to 59 in 2018, and freedom of speech was constrained in 54 countries. The global federation notes that more countries seek to exclude workers from labour law – “from migrant workers, public sector employees to workers in platform businesses, with 65% of countries excluding whole categories of workers from labour law.” The report notes that In Europe, 58% of countries violated collective bargaining rights, and three quarters of countries violated the right to strike. Italy is one of the countries mentioned in which there is an increase of workers exposed to physical violence and threats. Kazakhstan and Turkey are among the ten worst countries for workers’ rights in 2018. Macedonia and Spain saw a worsening of their rankings with a rise in attacks on workers’ rights in law and practice. The Global Rights Index reports on annual survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights. It ranks 142 countries against 97 internationally recognised indicators to assess where workers’ rights are best protected in law and in practice. The report rates countries from one to five according to these indicators, with an overall score placing countries in rankings of one to five.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Analysis of Children in Pakistan | September, 2017 Foreword
    © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Photographs: UNICEF Pakistan Designed by Human Design Studios CONTENTS Acknowledgements 8 Foreword 9 Acronyms 10 Map of Pakistan 12 Executive Summary 13 1. Introduction 20 1.1 SitAn Approach and Methodology 21 2. Context 30 2.1 Pakistan’s National and International Commitments 33 2.2 Governance and Policy Framework 34 2.3 Public Financing: Child-Specific Investments 38 2.4 Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan 44 3. All Children Survive and Thrive 50 3.1 Nutritional Status 52 3.2 Maternal, Neonatal and Child Survival 63 3.3 Child Immunization 68 3.4 Key Conclusions and Considerations 72 4. All Children Learning 78 4.1 Out-of-School Children 81 4.2 Children in School 86 4.3 Children’s Learning Outcomes 94 4.4 Key Conclusions and Considerations 99 CONTENTS 5. All Children Protected from Violence and Exploitation 104 5.1 Birth Registration 108 5.2 Protection from Violence and Exploitation 110 5.3 Key Conclusions and Considerations 118 6. All Children Live in a Safe and Clean Environment 124 6.1 Safely Managed Water 126 6.2 Sanitation Services 129 6.3 Key Conclusions and Considerations 135 7. Cross-cutting Priorities for Children in Pakistan 140 7.1 Gender Equality 140 7.2 Equity 146 7.3 Other Cross Cutting Issues 147 7.4 Key Conclusions and Considerations 152 8. Conclusion and the Way Forward 158 Glossary 164 References 167 Annexes 179 List of Tables Table 1: Pakistan’s key demographic indicators 31 Table 2: Public sector health and education expenditure (provincial and federal) (PKR billion) 40 Table
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Union Rights Worldwide
    NORD|SÜD-NETZ Trade Union Rights Worldwide Why now is the time to fight for social justice and democracy www.nord-sued-netz.de NORD|SÜD NETZ »Being inconvenient is part of the freedom of trade unions. Trade unions are only convenient when they are forced to be by right-wing or left-wing dictatorships.« Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1984 to 1994. 3 IMPRINT Publisher: DGB Bildungswerk BUND e.V. President: Elke Hannack Executive director: Claudia Meyer Creation and coordination: Valerie Franze Editorial journalist & staff: Beate Willms, Valerie Franze Translation: team parafrasis Layout & Design: schrenkwerk.de Printing: graphik-und-druck, Cologne Cover photo: Demonstrations in São Paulo against reforms planned by the Brazilian government, May 2019. Photo: Cris Faga / ZUMA Wire / picture alliance Düsseldorf 2019 first edition Düsseldorf 2020 English edition DGB Bildungswerk BUND e.V. North-South-Network Franz-Rennefeld-Weg 5, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany Phone: +49211/4301-320, Fax: +49211/4301-69320 [email protected] www.dgb-bildungswerk.de www.dgb-bildungswerk.de/weltweit/aktuelles The DGB Bildungswerk BUND e.V. is solely responsible for the content of this publication. The positions presented here do not reflect the viewpoint of Engagement Global gGmbH and the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Funded by ENGAGEMENT GLOBAL with financial assistance by the 4 DGB BILDUNGSWERK BUND – NORD|SÜD NETZ Contents: Trade union rights worldwide Preface 6 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts
    Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts Shahnaz Begum Laghari PhD University of York Women’s Studies March 2016 Abstract The aim of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of honour-related violence, the most extreme form of which is honour killing. The research was conducted in Sindh (one of the four provinces of Pakistan). The main research question is, ‘Are these killings for honour?’ This study was inspired by a need to investigate whether the practice of honour killing in Sindh is still guided by the norm of honour or whether other elements have come to the fore. It is comprised of the experiences of those involved in honour killings through informal, semi- structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews, conducted under the framework of the qualitative method. The aim of my thesis is to apply a feminist perspective in interpreting the data to explore the tradition of honour killing and to let the versions of the affected people be heard. In my research, the women who are accused as karis, having very little redress, are uncertain about their lives; they speak and reveal the motives behind the allegations and killings in the name of honour. The male killers, whom I met inside and outside the jails, justify their act of killing in the name of honour, culture, tradition and religion. Drawing upon interviews with thirteen women and thirteen men, I explore and interpret the data to reveal their childhood, educational, financial and social conditions and the impacts of these on their lives, thoughts and actions.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2017 ITUC Global Rights Index the WORLD's WORST
    THE WORLD'S WORST COUNTRIES FOR WORKERS The 2017 ITUC Global Rights Index | 4 The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is a confederation of national trade union centres, each of which links trade unions of that particular country. It was established on 1 November 2006, bringing together the organisations which were formerly affiliated to the ICFTU and WCL (both now dissolved) as well as a number of national trade union centres which had no international affiliation at the time. The new Confederation has 340 affiliated organisations in 163 countries and territories on all five continents, with a membership of 181 million, 40 per cent of whom are women. It is also a partner in “Global Unions” together with the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD and the Global Union Federations (GUFs) which link together national unions from a particular trade or industry at international level. The ITUC has specialised offices in a number of countries around the world, and has General Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The 2017 ITUC Global Rights Index | 6 Foreword .............................................9 ASIA .................................................. 70 Bangladesh ....................................... 71 Part I ..................................................13 Cambodia .......................................... 71 The 2017 Results ...............................14 China ................................................ 72 The ITUC Global Rights Index ...............19 Fiji
    [Show full text]
  • ITUC Global Rights Index WORKERS for COUNTRIES WORST WORLD's THE
    ITUC GLOBAL 2016 RIGHTS INDEX THE WORLD’S WORST COUNTRIES FOR WORKERS D/2015/11.962/9 ITUC International Trade Union Confederation 5 Bd Roi Albert II, Bte 1 – B-1210 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: + 32 2 224 02 11 – Fax: +32 2 224 02 97 E-mail: [email protected] – www.ituc-csi.org PUBLISHER RESPONSIBLE IN LAW: Sharan Burrow, General secretary INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION THE WORLD'S WORST COUNTRIES FOR WORKERS The 2016 ITUC Global Rights Index | 2 The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is a confederation of national trade union centres, each of which links trade unions of that particular country. It was established on 1 November 2006, bringing together the organisations which were formerly affiliated to the ICFTU and WCL (both now dissolved) as well as a number of national trade union centres which had no international affiliation at the time. The new Confederation has 333 affiliated organisation in 162 countries and territories on all five continents, with a membership of 180 million, 40 per cent of whom are women. It is also a partner in “Global Unions” together with the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD and the Global Union Federations (GUFs) which link together national unions from a particular trade or industry at international level. The ITUC has specialised offices in a number of countries around the world, and has General Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The 2016 ITUC Global Rights Index | 4 Foreword .............................................7 Kenya .................................................62
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh
    The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh (Original Thesis Title) Kolhi-peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Mahesar Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology ii Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Kolhi-Peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, in partial fulfillment of the degree of ‗Master of Philosophy in Anthropology‘ iii Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Formal declaration I hereby, declare that I have produced the present work by myself and without any aid other than those mentioned herein. Any ideas taken directly or indirectly from third party sources are indicated as such. This work has not been published or submitted to any other examination board in the same or a similar form. Islamabad, 25 March 2014 Mr. Ghulam Hussain Mahesar iv Final Approval of Thesis Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by Mr. Ghulam Hussain. It is our judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for the award of the degree of ―MPhil in Anthropology‖. Committee Supervisor: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry External Examiner: Full name of external examiner incl. title Incharge: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the product of cumulative effort of many teachers, scholars, and some institutions, that duly deserve to be acknowledged here.
    [Show full text]
  • White, Rachel. 2020. All This Is for You and Contemporary Uses of Omniscient Narration: Theories and Case Studies
    White, Rachel. 2020. All this is for you and contemporary uses of omniscient narration: theories and case studies. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London [Thesis] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/28377/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] All this is for you and Contemporary Uses of Omniscient Narration: Theories and Case Studies Submitted by Rachel White Goldsmiths College, University of London Thesis submitted for the PhD in Creative and Life Writing 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Rachel White, declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. I have clearly stated where I have consulted the work of others. Signed: Date: 2 Acknowledgements I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my creative supervisor, Ardashir Vakil, and my critical supervisor, Jane Desmarais, for their unflagging support and encouragement, and their much-appreciated advice in the writing of this thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis consists of two parts. Part One is the creative writing component, a 62,000 word novel, All this is for you, about Hemu Daswani, immigrant turned wealthy entrepreneur, and his daughter-in-law, Joanna, who between them debate the question, once a person has become rich, what else is there to strive for.
    [Show full text]
  • If Not Us, Who?
    Dario Azzellini (Editor) If Not Us, Who? Workers worldwide against authoritarianism, fascism and dictatorship VSA: Dario Azzellini (ed.) If Not Us, Who? Global workers against authoritarianism, fascism, and dictatorships The Editor Dario Azzellini is Professor of Development Studies at the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas in Mexico, and visiting scholar at Cornell University in the USA. He has conducted research into social transformation processes for more than 25 years. His primary research interests are industrial sociol- ogy and the sociology of labour, local and workers’ self-management, and so- cial movements and protest, with a focus on South America and Europe. He has published more than 20 books, 11 films, and a multitude of academic ar- ticles, many of which have been translated into a variety of languages. Among them are Vom Protest zum sozialen Prozess: Betriebsbesetzungen und Arbei­ ten in Selbstverwaltung (VSA 2018) and The Class Strikes Back: Self­Organised Workers’ Struggles in the Twenty­First Century (Haymarket 2019). Further in- formation can be found at www.azzellini.net. Dario Azzellini (ed.) If Not Us, Who? Global workers against authoritarianism, fascism, and dictatorships A publication by the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung VSA: Verlag Hamburg www.vsa-verlag.de www.rosalux.de This publication was financially supported by the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung with funds from the Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) of the Federal Republic of Germany. The publishers are solely respon- sible for the content of this publication; the opinions presented here do not reflect the position of the funders. Translations into English: Adrian Wilding (chapter 2) Translations by Gegensatz Translation Collective: Markus Fiebig (chapter 30), Louise Pain (chapter 1/4/21/28/29, CVs, cover text) Translation copy editing: Marty Hiatt English copy editing: Marty Hiatt Proofreading and editing: Dario Azzellini This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution–Non- Commercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Germany License.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan : Employment, Output and Productivity
    ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT Discussion Paper 33 PAKISTAN: Employment, Output and Productivity Nomaan Majid International Labour Office Geneva Copyright © International Labour Organization 2000 ISBN 92-2-111977-7 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights or reproduction, or translation, application should be made to the ILO Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court road, London W1P 9HE (Fax:+44 171 436 3986), in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (Fax:+ 1 508 750 4470), or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval.
    [Show full text]