DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document Report No. 32253-IN INDIA Urban Finance and Governance Review Public Disclosure Authorized (In Two Volumes) Volume II: Case Study Annexes December 2004 Energy and Infrastructure Unit South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Vol. II - Case Study Annexes CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency unit: Indian Rupee (RS) US$1 = Rs. 44.66 GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR April 1- March 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BATF Bangalore Agenda Task Force KAS Kamataka Administrative Service BDA Bangalore Metropolitan Region K-HB Karnataka Housing Board Development Authority KMA Karnataka Municipalities Act BMC Brihan Mumbai Corporation KMAS Kamataka Municipal Administrative ("Mumbai") Service BMP Bangalore City Corporation KMCA Kamataka Municipal Corporation BWSSB Bangalore Water Supply and Act Sewerage Board KTCP Karnataka Town and Country CAA Constitution Amendment Act Planning Act CAS Country Assistance Strategy KUIDFC Kamataka Urban Infrastructure CC City Corporations (Karnataka) Development Finance Corporation CCF City Challenge Fund KUWSDB Karnataka Urban Water Supply and CMC City Municipal Councils Drainage Board (Karnataka) LG Local Government CMWSSB Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply MDF Municipal Development Fund & Sewerage Board NGO Non-Governmental Organization DA Development Authorities PWD Public Works Department DFID Department for International SCB Slum Clearance Board Development SFC StateFinanceCommissions DMA Directorate of Municipal SWM Solid Waste Management Administration TA Technical Assistance EFC Eleventh Finance Commission TAC TechMnicalAssstnc l ESW Economic Sector Work (KanMataka) GDP Gross Domestic Product TNUDF Taril Nadu Urban Development GOI Government of India Fund GOK Government of Kamataka Fund GOM Government of Maharashtra TP Town Panchayats GOTN Government of Tamil Nadu ULDD Urban Development Department HDFC Housing Development Finance LB Urban Noa Body CorporationCopoatonLt., Ltd. UNCHS UnitedSettlements Nations Centre for Human HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Settemens CorporationPrgamCoprto UNDJP United Nations Development IAS Indian Administrative Service Programme IBAD Intern AtmionaltBankvfor UDPA Urban Development IBRD Interuational Band lor Alleviation (Ministry)and Poverty Reconstruction and Development URIF Urban Reform Incentive Fund IDFC Infrastructure Development Finance USAID United States Agency for IDSMT Integrated Development of Small UWSS International Development and Medium Towns The World Bank Regional Vice President: Praful Patel Country Director: Michael Carter Sector Director: Vincent Gouarne Sector Manager: Sonia Hammam Task Team Leader: Dana Weist 11 FOREWORD This report was prepared by a team consisting of: Dana Weist, Roy Bahl (property tax reform), Somik Lall (urban economic analysis), Lars Sondergaard (economic and fiscal analysis), Ajit Karnik (Maharashtra analysis), Abhay Pethe (Maharashtra analysis), Christine Wong, and Kirida Bhaopichitr. The team is grateful to many counterparts in Kamataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu for their assistance. Helpful comments were provided by Sonia Hammam, Patricia Annez and Soraya Goga. Peer reviewers include William Dillinger, Robert Ebel, and George Peterson. - s Contents ANNEX I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON MUNICIPAL FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE IN KARNATAKA ................................................................ 1 Government Structure and Organization ................................................................ 1 ULB Structure and Composition ................................................................ 1 Relationship between the Council and the Chief Executive ................................................................ 1 Fiscal Decentralization ............................................................... 2 Expenditure Assignment ................................................................ 2 Revenue Mobilization ................................................................ 5 Financial Analysis ............................................................... 6 Types of ULB Spending ............................................................... 7 ULB Staffing ............................................................... 8 Revenue Mobilization ............................................................... 10 Intergovernmental Transfers ............................................................... 13 Borrowing Capacity of ULBs ............................................................... 16 Governance Aspects ............................................................... 18 Delegation of Powers ............................................................... 20 Budgeting and Financial Management ............................................................... 20 Capacity and Accountability of Council Members and ULB Staff ........................................................ 22 Monitoring and Evaluation of Public Service Delivery ............................................................... 22 Transparency of ULB Administration ............................................................... 23 ANNEX II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON MUNICIPAL FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE IN MAHARASHTRA .............................................................. 29 Government Structure and Organization .............................................................. 29 Political Decentralization ............................................................... 29 ULB Structure and Composition .............................................................. 30 Fiscal Decentralization ............................................................... 30 Fiscal Analysis of ULBs ............................................................... 34 Borrowing Capacity of ULBs .............................................................. 43 Budgeting and Financial Management .............................................................. 45 Administrative Decentralization .............................................................. 46 ULB Staffing ............................................................... 46 Monitoring and Evaluation of Public Service Delivery .............................................................. 46 Transparency of ULB Administration .............................................................. 46 ANNEX III. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON MUNICIPAL FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE IN TAMIL NADU .............................................................. 52 Government Structure and Organization .............................................................. 52 Expenditure and Revenue Assignment .............................................................. 53 Financial Analysis ............................................................... 53 Revenue .............................................................. 57 Expenditures ............................................................... 63 Local Borrowing and Borrowing Capacity of ULBs .............................................................. 66 Governance Aspects ............................................................... 70 Boxes Box 1: Karanataka's First State Finance Commission Recommendations .............................................. 2 Box 2: Bangalore/GOK Memorandum of Understanding ............................................................... 21 Box 3: Indicators of Water Supply Efficiency, Selected Corporations in Maharashtra ........................ 31 Box 4: Tamil Nadu Water Charges ............................................................... 58 Box 5: Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund ............................................................... 68 Vol. II - Case Study Annexes Tables in Text Table 1.1: Public Service Provision Arrangements in Karnataka ............................................................ 3 Table 1.2: ULB Fiscal Indicators, Per Capita (in Rupees) ....................................................................... 6 Table 1.3: Share of ULBs with Overall Deficit ......................................................................... 7 Table 1.4: Spending on Core Services and Local Public Goods (Rupees per Capita) ............................. 7 Table I.5: ULB Staffing Patterns ........................................................................ 8 Table 1.6: ULB Revenues, 1998-99 (Rupees in millions) ..................................................................... 11 Table 1.7: Revenue Composition, Mysore Corporation ........................................................................ 11 Table 1.8: ULB Grants ........................................................................ 12 Table I.9: Karnataka Urban Development Plan Schemes ...................................................................... 14 Table I.10: Kamataka SFC Grants ........................................................................ 15 Table I.11: Centrally Sponsored Schemes for Urban Dev., Annual Plan 2001-02 ................................ 16 Table 1.12: Share of ULBs with Debt Service Expenses and Share that Borrowed in 1998/99 ............ 17 Table 1.13: Borrowing Capacity Assessment ........................................................................ 18 Table I.14: Municipal Administration Institutions in Karnataka ........................................................... 19 Table I.A. 1: Karnataka Urban Development Plan Schemes .................................................................. 24 Table I.A.2: Monthly Release of SFC
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Post Offices
    Circle Name Po Name Pincode ANDHRA PRADESH Chittoor ho 517001 ANDHRA PRADESH Madanapalle 517325 ANDHRA PRADESH Palamaner mdg 517408 ANDHRA PRADESH Ctr collectorate 517002 ANDHRA PRADESH Beerangi kothakota 517370 ANDHRA PRADESH Chowdepalle 517257 ANDHRA PRADESH Punganur 517247 ANDHRA PRADESH Kuppam 517425 ANDHRA PRADESH Karimnagar ho 505001 ANDHRA PRADESH Jagtial 505327 ANDHRA PRADESH Koratla 505326 ANDHRA PRADESH Sirsilla 505301 ANDHRA PRADESH Vemulawada 505302 ANDHRA PRADESH Amalapuram 533201 ANDHRA PRADESH Razole ho 533242 ANDHRA PRADESH Mummidivaram lsg so 533216 ANDHRA PRADESH Ravulapalem hsg ii so 533238 ANDHRA PRADESH Antarvedipalem so 533252 ANDHRA PRADESH Kothapeta mdg so 533223 ANDHRA PRADESH Peddapalli ho 505172 ANDHRA PRADESH Huzurabad ho 505468 ANDHRA PRADESH Fertilizercity so 505210 ANDHRA PRADESH Godavarikhani hsgso 505209 ANDHRA PRADESH Jyothinagar lsgso 505215 ANDHRA PRADESH Manthani lsgso 505184 ANDHRA PRADESH Ramagundam lsgso 505208 ANDHRA PRADESH Jammikunta 505122 ANDHRA PRADESH Guntur ho 522002 ANDHRA PRADESH Mangalagiri ho 522503 ANDHRA PRADESH Prathipadu 522019 ANDHRA PRADESH Kothapeta(guntur) 522001 ANDHRA PRADESH Guntur bazar so 522003 ANDHRA PRADESH Guntur collectorate so 522004 ANDHRA PRADESH Pattabhipuram(guntur) 522006 ANDHRA PRADESH Chandramoulinagar 522007 ANDHRA PRADESH Amaravathi 522020 ANDHRA PRADESH Tadepalle 522501 ANDHRA PRADESH Tadikonda 522236 ANDHRA PRADESH Kd-collectorate 533001 ANDHRA PRADESH Kakinada 533001 ANDHRA PRADESH Samalkot 533440 ANDHRA PRADESH Indrapalem 533006 ANDHRA PRADESH Jagannaickpur
    [Show full text]
  • {Download PDF} the Formation of the Colonial State in India 1St Edition
    THE FORMATION OF THE COLONIAL STATE IN INDIA 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tony Cleaver | 9781134494293 | | | | | The Formation of the Colonial State in India 1st edition PDF Book Additionally, several Indian Princely States provided large donations to support the Allied campaign during the War. Under the charter, the Supreme Court, moreover, had the authority to exercise all types of jurisdiction in the region of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, with the only caveat that in situations where the disputed amount was in excess of Rs. During this age India's economy expanded, relative peace was maintained and arts were patronized. Routledge Handbook of Gender in South Asia. British Raj. Two four anna stamps issued in Description Contents Reviews Preview "Colonial and Postcolonial Geographies of India offers a good introduction to and basis for rethinking the ways in which academics theorize and teach the geographies of peoples, places, and regions. Circumscription theory Legal anthropology Left—right paradigm State formation Political economy in anthropology Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems. With the constituting of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces in , the jurisdiction would extend as far west as Delhi. Contracts were awarded in to the East Indian Railway Company to construct a mile railway from Howrah -Calcutta to Raniganj ; to the Great Indian Peninsular Railway Company for a service from Bombay to Kalyan , thirty miles away; and to the Madras Railway Company for a line from Madras city to Arkonam , a distance of some thirty nine miles. The interdisciplinary work throws new light on pressing contemporary issues as well as on issues during the colonial period.
    [Show full text]
  • ROMANTIC SOUTH Starts at Bangalore Ends at Calicat
    ROMANTIC SOUTH Starts At Bangalore Ends At Calicat Itinerary DAY 1 BANGALORE €“ MYSORE ( 150 KMS / 3 ½ HRS ) Pick up from Bangalore Airport and drive to Mysore on arrival check in to the hotel. Proceed for local sightseeing (if time permits) else day at leisure or own activities and overnight stay at Mysore. Mysore Mysore (or Mysuru), is second largest city in Karnataka state which covers an area of more than 40 sqkm and is administered by the Mysore City Corporation. Situated 763 meters above sea level surrounded by hill ranges from north to south, it is known as the ‘Garden City’ and the ‘City of Palaces’. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1399-1947. In its centre is opulent Mysore Palace, former seat of the ruling Wodeyar dynasty. The palace blends Hindu, Islamic, Gothic and Rajput styles, and is dramatically lit at night. Mysore is also famous for the centuries-old Devaraja Market, filled with spices, silk and sandalwood. Sight seeings in Mysore Mysore Sightseeing includes Mysore palace, St Philomina’s Church & Brindavan Garden DAY 2 MYSORE €“ COORG ( 110 KMS / 2 ½ HRS ) After breakfast checkout from hotel and drive to Coorg, on arrival check in to the hotel. Proceed for local Sightseeing (if time permits) else day at leisure or own activities and overnight stay at Coorg. Coorg Coorg, also known as Kodagu, by its anglicised former name of Coorg, is a mountainous district located in south of India, known for its beautiful scenery and hospitable people. Glorious sounds, sights and scents welcome you as you enter Coorg.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mysore City
    International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected] Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2014 ISSN 2319 - 4847 Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mysore City Abhilash Rajendra1 and Ramu2 1 Research Scholar, Department of Geography (GIS),Maharaja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore 2Assistant Professor and Course Coordinator of M.Sc. GIS,Department of Geography (GIS), Maharaja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore Abstract With rapid urbanization and population growth, the Solid Waste Management (SWM) is becoming an acute problem. The Municipal Solid Waste Management in municipal areas is increasingly assuming importance due to legal intervention, emergence emergence of newer technologies and rising public awareness towards cleanliness. Mysore, being the second cleanest city in India has to work hard to maintain the title due to the rapid urbanization. The proper and timely management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse impacts on the environment and human health and supports economic development and improved quality of life. The present research aims to assess the present status of municipal solid waste management and to suggest measures to improve them. The Mysore City Corporation is trying to maintain the city clean but the lack of awareness among the residents and and the lack of segregation of waste at source is the main issue. The authorities do not properly handle the e-waste. The authority has not carried out the quantification of waste generated in the city. The GPS system installed were efficient to track all the vehicles transporting the waste but the vehicles were not assigned optimum routes due to the lack of knowledge in GIS technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Polytechnic Gajendragad
    +91-9902609406 Government Polytechnic Gajendragad https://www.indiamart.com/government-polytechnic-gajendragad/ The Government Polytechnic, Gajendragad had been established by Government of Karnataka in the year 2007-08 vide GO No:ED:174:yoyok2007 dated: 23rd July 2007(ED:107:sweemer(Unique) 2007)to meet the needs of meritorious rural students. This ... About Us The Government Polytechnic, Gajendragad had been established by Government of Karnataka in the year 2007-08 vide GO No:ED:174:yoyok2007 dated: 23rd July 2007(ED:107:sweemer(Unique) 2007)to meet the needs of meritorious rural students. This institution is imparting quality technical education to meritorious rural youth. This polytechnic exploits the rural talents through technical education and need based training programmes. Our institution is located on Hubli -Hyderabad State Highway no. 06 in Gadag District. Gajendragad is a small town with a population of 40,000 in Ron Taluk of Gadag district. The main occupation of people is agriculture and weaving. Many granite industries exist in and around Gajendragad. This Institution was approved by AICTE New Delhi vide letter No: 770-53-220/NDIP/2007/SWRO dated 1st May 2008 with the following Engineering courses with sanctioned intake of 40 per course. 1. Diploma in Civil Engineering. 2.Diploma in Mechanical Engineering. 3.Diploma in Electronics and Communication Engineering. 4. Diploma in Computer Science and Engineering. The intake for the above Engineering courses was enhanced to 60 by AICTE, New Delhi vide letter No:770-53-220/NDIP/2007/SWRO dated 1st of June 2009. The MHRD,New Delhi has sanctioned administrative approval to start Community Development through Polytechnic scheme in 2009-10 The institution has well established building and workshop in a sprawling area..
    [Show full text]
  • Prospectus - 2019
    UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE (Accredited by NAAC at ‘A’ level with a CGPA of 3.47) PROSPECTUS - 2019 For M.Phil, Postgraduate, Graduate, P.G.Diploma, Diploma and Certificate Programmes Maharaja‟s College (1889) Oriental Research Institute (1891) UNIVERSITYOF MYSORE PROSPECTUS - 2019 For M.Phil, Postgraduate, Graduate, P.G.Diploma, Diploma and Certificate Programmes http://uni-mysore.ac.in/ Email: [email protected] ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY The University of Mysore welcomes you to its picturesque main campus, located in the heart of Mysuru City. The University of Mysore was established on July 27, 1916. It is the sixth oldest in the country and the first in the state of Karnataka. Also, in a sense it is the first university of the country to be established outside the limits of the British India. The university was founded as a result of the efforts of the benevolent and visionary Maharaja of erstwhile Princely State of Mysore His Highness Shri Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar – IV (1884-1940), and the then Diwan Sir M. Visvesvaraya (1860-1962). The University was granted autonomy in 1956. Originally the territorial jurisdiction of the University consisted of nine districts of Karnataka State. With the creation of Bangalore University in 1964, Mangalore University in 1980, Kuvempu University in 1987 and Karnataka State Open University in 1996, the territorial jurisdiction of the University of Mysore is now confined to the four southern districts of the State, viz., Chamarajanagara, Hassan, Mandya and Mysuru. It is the first University to be accredited by NAAC in 2000 with Five Star Status and currently the University is re-accredited with CGPA score of 3.47 on a 4 point scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Shivaji the Great
    SHIVAJI THE GREAT BY BAL KRISHNA, M. A., PH. D., Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. the Royal Economic Society. London, etc. Professor of Economics and Principal, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, India Part IV Shivaji, The Man and His .Work THE ARYA BOOK DEPOT, Kolhapur COPYRIGHT 1940 the Author Published by The Anther A Note on the Author Dr. Balkrisbna came of a Ksbatriya family of Multan, in the Punjab* Born in 1882, be spent bis boyhood in struggles against mediocrity. For after completing bis primary education he was first apprenticed to a jewel-threader and then to a tailor. It appeared as if he would settle down as a tailor when by a fortunate turn of events he found himself in a Middle Vernacular School. He gave the first sign of talents by standing first in the Vernacular Final ^Examination. Then he joined the Multan High School and passed en to the D. A. V. College, Lahore, from where he took his B. A* degree. Then be joined the Government College, Lahore, and passed bis M. A. with high distinction. During the last part of bis College career, be came under the influence of some great Indian political leaders, especially of Lala Lajpatrai, Sardar Ajitsingh and the Honourable Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and in 1908-9 took an active part in politics. But soon after he was drawn more powerfully to the Arya Samaj. His high place in the M. A. examination would have helped him to a promising career under the Government, but he chose differently. He joined Lala Munshiram ( later Swami Shraddha- Btnd ) *s a worker in the Guruk.ul, Kangri.
    [Show full text]
  • Intelligent Transport System for KSRTC, Mysore – Detailed Project Report
    Intelligent Transport System for KSRTC, Mysore – Detailed Project Report 2008 PROJECT TEAM 2 Team Leader - N. Ramasaamy Faculty & Head - ITS Team Members - G. Subhashini Associate Faculty M.M. Pathak Scientist Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune Page 2 of 112 CONTENT INDEX Content index ............................................................................................................................................. 3 EEXXEEECCUUTTTIIIVVEEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY ....................................................................................................................................... 7 A. Overview of the project .................................................................................................................... 13 A-1. Why Mysore City for the ITS project............................................................................................ 15 B. Issues...................................................................................................................................................... 17 3 B-1. A backdrop of Mysore.................................................................................................................. 17 B-1-a. General / Historical background ............................................................................. 17 B-1-b. Location, Climate, physical setting, regional linkages ........................................ 18 B-1-c. Demographic and socio economic profile:.......................................................... 18 B-1-d. Growth, economy,
    [Show full text]
  • New Vtp Applicants List
    Contact Person Date of Name Address City District PinCode Telephone Mobile Email Contact Person Name VTP CP Email Mobile Application RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING SRIRANGA nithyananda_mv@yah OPP SBM BANK, MAIN ROAD Mandya 571438 08236-252334 9845446401 [email protected] NITHYANANDA MV 9845446401 15-Apr-15 SOCIETY(R) PATNA oo.in RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING SRIRANGA nithyananda_mv@yah OPP SBM BANK, MAIN ROAD Mandya 571438 08236-252334 9845446401 [email protected] NITHYANANDA MV 9845446401 15-Apr-15 SOCIETY(R) PATNA oo.in BENGALU [email protected] RACHANA ENTERPRISES PLOT NO-15, ABOVE CORPORATION BANK, KENGARI Bangalore 560074 080-28437482 9620400770 [email protected] UMA RUDRESH 9972920022 15-Apr-15 RU m # 2934/25 E 2ND FLOOR ABOVE HDFC BANK CLUB ROAD BANGALO [email protected] raghunathv@sriakshay SRI AKSHAY TECHNOLOGIES Bangalore 560040 080-41493098 9739011252 RAGHUNATHA.V 9739011252 15-Apr-15 VIJAYANAGAR RE m tech.com # 2934/25 E 2ND FLOOR ABOVE HDFC BANK CLUB ROAD BANGALO [email protected] raghunathv@sriakshay SRI AKSHAY TECHNOLOGIES Bangalore 560040 080-41493098 9739011252 RAGHUNATHA.V 9739011252 15-Apr-15 VIJAYANAGAR RE m tech.com RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING SRIRANGA nithyananda_mv@yah OPP. SBM BANK , MAIN ROAD Mandya 571438 08236-252334 9845446401 [email protected] NITHYANANDA M V 9845446401 15-Apr-15 SOCIETY(R) PATNA oo.in # 2934/25 E 2ND FLOOR ABOVE HDFC BANK CLUB ROAD BANGALO [email protected] raghunathv@sriakshay SRI AKSHAY TECHNOLOGIES Bangalore 560040 080-41493098 9739011252 RAGHUNATHA.V
    [Show full text]
  • Terms of Reference Kesare
    Terms of Reference for EIA Studies Terms of Reference Kesare Executive Summary Mysuru also known as Mysore, is the third largest city in the state of Karnataka, India, which served as the capital city of Mysore Princely Kingdom (Kingdom of Mysore) for nearly six centuries, from 1399 until 1947. Located at the base of the Chamundi Hills about 146 km (91 mt) southwest of the state capital Bangalore, it is spread across an area of 128.42 km2(50 sq mt). The city has been divided into 65 municipal wards and the approximate population is 920550 (2011 Census) Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is an obligatory function of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) under the Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1964. Also, the Municipal Solid Waste, (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 (“MSW Rules”) made it mandatory for an Urban Local Body (ULB) to practice sanitary treatment and disposal of the MSW generated. The estimated quantum of MSW currently generated in the city is approximately 402 MT. MCC has been carrying out collection and transportation of MSW in the city by deployment of its own resources and through private operators. A compost facility of 200 TPD capacity was also set up for treatment of MSW in the year 2001. The operations of the facility have however been intermittent over the past few years. However the compost plant even after augmentation of the bed by 200 TPD is receiving waste of about 150 TPD due to lack of infrastructure facilities and compost bed area. A sanitary landfill exists to the Eastern side of the compost processing plant.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is Normal Text
    EFFECTS OF FEEDING ELEVATED CONCENTRATION OF COPPER ON PREVALENCE AND SELECTION OF FECAL ENTEROCOCCI POSITIVE FOR TRANSFERABLE COPPER RESISTANCE GENE IN PIGLETS By RAGHAVENDRA G. AMACHAWADI B. V. Sc & A. H., University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. 2002 A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2010 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. T. G. Nagaraja Copyright RAGHAVENDRA G. AMACHAWADI 2010 Abstract Copper, as copper sulfate, is often supplemented at elevated concentrations in swine diets, particularly in piglets, to promote growth. Growth promotional effects of copper are believed to be similar to that of antibiotics in that gut microbial flora is altered to reduce loss of nutrients and suppress pathogens. Bacteria exposed to copper may acquire resistance, and in Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis, resistance is conferred by a plasmid-borne transferable copper resistance (tcrB) gene. The plasmid also carries macrolide [erm(B)] and glycopeptide (vanA) antibiotics resistance genes. The objectives of the research were to 1) determine the prevalence of tcrB gene in fecal enterococci of piglets in relation to normal (16.5 ppm) and elevated level (125 ppm) of copper supplementation, 2) determine the relationship of tcrB gene and susceptibilities to copper, erythromycin, and vancomycin, and 3) determine the transferability of tcrB gene in enterococci by conjugation. Weaned piglets, housed in pens, fed normal (16.5 ppm; control) or elevated level of copper (125 ppm) were used. Fecal samples were collected weekly for isolation of enterococci. Isolates were speciated by multiplex PCR and sodA gene sequence analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Mysore District Is an Administrative District Located in the Southern Part of the State of Karnataka, India
    Chapter-1 Mysore District Profile Mysore District is an administrative district located in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. The district is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south,Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. It features many tourist destinations, from Mysore Palace to Nagarhole National Park. This district has a prominent place in the history of Karnataka; Mysore was ruled by the Wodeyars from the year 1399 till the independence of India in the year 1947. Mysore's prominence can be gauged from the fact that the Karnatakastate was known previously as Mysore state. It is the third most populous district in Karnataka (out of 30), after Bangaloreand Belgaum. Geography Mysore district is located between latitude 11°45' to 12°40' N and longitude 75°57' to 77°15' E. It is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, andHassan district to the north. It has an area of 6,854 km² (ranked 12th in the state). The administrative center of Mysore District is Mysore City. The district is a part of Mysore division. Prior to 1998, Mysore district also contained theChamarajanagar district before that area was separated off. The district lies on the undulating table land of the southern Deccan plateau, within the watershed of the Kaveri River, which flows through the northwestern and eastern parts of the district. The Krishna Raja Sagara reservoir, which was formed by building a dam across the Kaveri, lies on the northern edge of the district.
    [Show full text]