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Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(E), pp. 36582-36586, December, 2019 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

BHAGAVAD GITA AND SCIENCE – A REVIEW

Dr. Dantu Muralikrishna

Senior General Manager, Lupin Limited, Mandideep, Dist. Raisen, ,

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1012.4953

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: is an ancient scripture and is usually referred as the spiritual or philosophical text by many but on exploration of this scripture, many aspects can be defined and understood scientifically. Received 4th September, 2019 Lord explained on various subjects and enlightened the great warrior, , who was Received in revised form 25th mentally disturbed in the battle field of in . In this article, explored the September, 2019 scientific aspects with interpretation of the verses described there in Shrimad Bhagavad Accepted 18th November, 2019 Gita. Few such factors, covered herein are 1) Synthesis of Living beings, Food & Medicine;2) Published online 28th December, 2019 Creation of Universe;3) End of Universe4) Energy & Soul; 5) Polymorphism& Behavior; 6) Science

of & ; 7) Counselling, which all these have scientific significance in our lives.

Key Words:

Lord Krishna explained on various

subjects and enlightened the great warrior,

Arjuna, who was mentally disturbed in the

battle field of Kurukshetra in

Mahabharata.

Copyright © Dr. Dantu Muralikrishna, 2019, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative

Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original work is properly cited.

INTRODUCTION Scripture of 5000 years old, it is understood that lot of science was described, there in and was relevant to our Bhagavad Gita is an ancient Hindu scripture which consists lives. Appears to be that Lord Krishna is a great scientist and variety of , that explains extensively, a lot on as per him, himself creates this whole Universe, which consists various aspects, useful to the mankind at every context of life. of all moving and non-moving beings. As per him, the nature is The ancient scriptures described many aspects and when we the mother of all living beings and He is the father, saying that corelate, for some, we could justify with scientific explanations he provides the seed. Few of the verses of Bhagavad Gita and for some we could not reach to that level of understanding are discussed here in for scientific exploration of few because of the lack of knowledge perhaps. Many of those aspects. scriptures explained there in, are scientifically acceptable Today, though they were described with deep philosophical Synthesis of Living beings, Food & Medicine and with spiritual significances. In fact, the element, Carbon, Lord Krishna said that, “for all embodied beings, those appear Known since ancient times. But, it was first recognized as an in all the species, the “Prakriti” that is nature, is the mother and element in the second half of the 18th century by Lavoisier. In I am the father as I provide the seed”. In this way, all the living recent centuries, Scientists developed even technology for beings are created. Krishna knows, how to cultivate and make nuclear weapons. More of scientific developments took the food, needed for all living beings for their survival of life. place in last few centuries. However, the ancient He says that “I enter into the soil and support to all beings by scriptures are evident, that, most of the knowledge was my vital energy. I only become the moon and thereby nourish available, in those days. Described about various weapons in all plants and to supply the juice of life to all”. As per science, Mahabharata for creation of fire or for showering water or for we know that fertile lands only can provide the food and as per making others to unconscious in the Kurukshetra , which this , it explains that he is making the lands fertile, was happened, 5000 years back as per the literature. Even, it is suitable for cultivation. Also explained, how he provides the discussed many millenniums before that in Treta , when vital energy and moon light to synthesize the medicine in Lord was fighting with , the cruel opponent. plants, needed for treatment of variety of diseases. We know However, this knowledge is perhaps missed-out over the that, for the growth of plants and for the synthesis of time.When, explored and analyzed“Bhagavad Gita”, the Chlorophyll, the fertile soil, minerals, water and light rays

*Corresponding author: Dr. Dantu Muralikrishna Senior General Manager, Lupin Limited, Mandideep, Dist. Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(E), pp. 36582-36586, December, 2019 needed. Krishna explained that, he provides the required End of Universe elements for their synthesis in all of them. Scientifically, he Scientists talk about the “Heat death of Universe” which can be was explaining that, how rains, he creates. He evaporates the explained based on the theory of randomness that is entropy. water of seas and makes the clouds and creates the rains. This is similar to the , which is explained in the verse Interestingly, Lord Krishna knows, how to digest all kinds of 9.7 of Bhagavad Gita, by Krishna about the final dissolution of foods or liquids, we eat every day. He says about the chemical this whole universe. Scientifically, it is explained based on 2nd mechanism and how he is acting in the process of digestion of law of thermodynamics. The entropy of an object is a measure all kinds of food, we eat. Krishna explained that “in the body of of the amount of energy which is unavailable to do the work. all living entities, I am in the form of fire, called as The higher is the entropy, the less energy is available in the “” united with the air of life, out-going and system to do the work. When the system is reached to incoming during exhalation and inhalation of breath and digest equilibrium, the entropy reaches maximum value, then the the food of four kinds such as drinks, chewers, suckers and system is unable to do the work. In brief, entropy can be lickers”. This entire knowledge which consists of lot of explained as a measure of uncertainty or randomness. The science, he described in the below verses of Bhagavad Gita. theory is that although the net amount of energy does not sarvayonishu kountheya moorthayha sambhavamthi yaha। change, the amount of unusable energy is increasing over time until at some point all available energy in the system is thsaam mahadyonihi beejapradha pitha (14.4) ।। unusable. Pralaya (the final dissolution of Universe) can be gaamavishya cha bhoothani dharayaamyahamojasa। explained on this theory. The theory suggests the universe pushnami choushadheeha sarvaha somo bhootvaa rasathmakaha।। would evolve to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and (15.13) would therefore be unable to sustain processes that increase entropy. That means, the universe reaches thermodynamic thapaamyahamaham varsham nigruhnaamyuthsrujaami cha। equilibrium, where maximum entropy. According to this, the amrutham chiva mruthyuscha sadaschhhamarjuna।। (9.19) universe is slowly moving towards a state when all the stars aham vaishvanaro bhootvaa praaninam dehamashrithaha। and galaxies will have dissipated their energy in the form of heat and radiation and the whole universe will attain one pranapaanasamaayukthaha pachamyannam chathrvidham।। (15.14) uniform temperature. Thisis very similar to the Hindu concept

Creation of Universe of pralaya or dissolution of the universe. At this state, all system and order in the universe have vanished, and then Lord Krishna was telling to Arjuna that –“Under my randomness is at its maximum, and entropy cannot be leadership, the nature brings forth the whole creation, increased. As per Bhagavad Gita, in the battle field of consisting of all moving and non-moving beings. Under this Kurukshetra, Lord Krishna enlightened Arjuna showing his rule, the whole manifestation is created and annihilated again manifold, multifarious of thousands and hundreds various and again”.Also said that, “at the time of final dissolution, all colours& shapes of his existence. Arjuna had visualized and beings enter into my nature and at the beginning of my felt afraid by seeing the entire universe in the body of Lord creation, I create them again”. This is explained by Krishna in Krishna(11.19 & 11.25),and also by seeing the kind of the below verses of Bhagavad Gita. universal destructions in Lord Krishna. In these verses, Arjuna bhoomiraponalo vayuhu kham mano budhireva cha expressed to Krishna as “I see you without origin, middle or itheeyam me bhinna prakrithirishtadha (7.4) end. Your glory is unlimited. I see you with unlimited number of arms, having the Sun and Moon as your eyes. I see you with mayadhyakshena prakrithihi suyathe sacharacharam । blazing fire coming forth from your mouth and scorching this hethunanena kountheya jagasviparivarthathe ।। (9.10) entire universe by your radiance. I see your faces frightful on account of awful teeth therein and blazing like the fire at the sarvabhuthani kountheya prakritim yaanthi mamikam । time of universal destructions. I cannot see the directions at all. kalpakshaye punasthani kalpadou visrujaamyaham ।। (9.7) I am utterly bewildered and find no happiness”.This explains the possibility of universal destruction as explained in The creation of this whole Universe is by him and therefore he Bhagavad Gita and also as per the science described in these acts as a Scientist. As per the verse of 7.4, Earth, water, fire, verses. air, ether, mind, intelligence and ego –these all Eight together anaadimadhyanthamananthaveeryamananthabaahum shshisuryanetram formulate his nature, that means, all these are said as his । separated material energies to make all these creations through Pashyamitvam deepthahuthasavaktram swathejasa vishvamidam thapantham।। them.Krishna explained Arjuna that “whatever and wherever (11.19) damshtrakaralani cha the mukhaanidvashtaiva kalanalasannibhani you see opulent, beautiful and glorious manifestations of । creation, you should understand those to be just a spark of my disho na jane na labhe cha sharma praseeda devesa jagannivaasa।। (11.25) splendor”- as per the verse of 10.41 of Bhagavad Gita. Energy & Soul

Yadyadvibhoothimat sathvam sree madur jithameva va। The 1st law of thermodynamics is known as Law of thathadevavagachchtvam mama thejomsasambhavam (10.41) Conservation of Energy. It states that “Energy cannot be ।। created or destroyed”. It can be transferred from one form to another. It means energy never decays and it just transforms to Also explained in the verses 14.4, 15.3, 9.19 and in 15.14 about another. The thermodynamics states that the total energy in the the creation all the living beings and the facilitation of all universe is a constant, but can be converted from one form to requirements for their survival. 36583 | P a g e Dr. Dantu Muralikrishna., Bhagavad Gita And Science – A Review another. In Bhagavad Gita, in verse 22 of 2nd chapter, it is told Bhagavad Gita while entering a new body, which is defined that, the “Athma that is Soul” transfers from one body to herein as new morph. another and never get destroyed. Therefore, we all were there some time back and are Today and will be there after death also yam yam vaapi smaran bhavam thyajathyamthe kalevaram। in another form. Energy is invisible and the Athma (Soul) is tham thamevaithi kountheya sadaa thadbhavabhavithaha।। also invisible. In all, the Athmais nothing but just like energy, (8.6) which transfers from one body to another as the energy shifts from one form to another.Based on the verses of Bhagavad shareeram yadavaapnothi yachhapyuthkramatheeswaraha। Gita, this is the understanding and interpretation by many griheethvithaani samyathi vayurgandhaanivaasayath।। (15.8) reviewers and scholars for the correlation of Athma with energy, as explained in thermodynamics. trividhaa bhavathi shradhaa dehinaam sa swabhaavajaa।

saathvikee raajasee chaiva thaamasee chethi tham shrunum ।। vasaasi jeernani yathaa vihaya navani grihnathi naroparani । (17.2) thatha shareeraani vihaya jeerna nyanyaani samyathi navani । dehee।। (2.22) It is told in Bhagavad Gita that, even the character of a man depends on the feelings carried from the previous life. Lord Krishna explained that, “never there was a time, we all According to the modes of nature acquired by the embodied did not exist. In future also, there will be no time, we shall not soul, one’s can be as Satvika that means – in goodness exist. The soul is immortal and eternal. We all present at all the (or) as Rajasika that means in- passion (or) as Tamasika that times.As a man giving up worn-out garments and takes other means in- ignorance.Krishna described about the characters of new garments, similarly, the soul giving up the worn-out different kinds in Bhagavad Gita. He said that,Satva, and bodies and enters into a new body”. – these three qualities are born of nature. When the As per the 1stlaw of thermodynamics, the energy cannot be eternal Soul comes in contact with nature, they tie down the destroyed and is converted from one form to other. The Athma soul to the body and man becomes conditioned by these modes. that is Soul can be considered as Energy and that cannot be Also Lord Krishna describe dthe qualities of these characters. destroyed as per the verse, 24 of 2nd Chapter of Bhagavad Gita. The character of Satva draws one, to happiness and of Rajas to action. While the character of Tamas, cover one’s knowledge yadyadvibhoothimatsathvamsreemadurjithamevava। and impels to error. The intellect by which rightly determined the path of activity and renunciation, what ought to be done and thathadevavagachchtvam mama thejomsasambhavam।। ought not to be done for what is to be feared and for not to be (10.41) feared, what is binding and what is liberating, that intellect is As per Bhagavad Gita, the soul is unbreakable, insoluble and called as – satvika. The intellect- by which one cannot correctly can be neither burned nor dried. The soul is eternal, all- differentiate and non-righteousness, what ought pervading, immovable, constant and everlasting. Krishna to be done and what ought not to be done – that intellect is explained, the living being takes another birth and the soul is called as Rajasika. The intellect – wrapped in ignorance, permanent. imagines the righteousness as wrong and non-righteousness as Polymorphism and Behavior correct and strives always in the wrong direction – is called as Tamasika. All these qualities are carried forward from previous In fact, all the human beings are like polymorphs, which is a life along with the soul and because of that, the behaviors vary scientific term used for a chemical that exists in though structurally, the mankind is similar and exhibit as different forms though, chemically identical. Therefore, the polymorphism. morph, that can be said here as the body. The body is changed but the Soul is permanent in life after life taking a new morph Science of Yoga & Meditation that is a new body. The Verse, 22 of Bhagavad Gita of chapter These days, all we know that, how Yoga improves the health. 2 explained the same. The chemical compound can have more In Bhagavad Gita, explained about the Yoga, beyond making than one morph and the properties of all the morphs vary, just postures of body exercises. It improves the physical and though all morphs are chemically identical. Similarly, all the also the mental health if practiced rightly. As per Bhagavad human beings behave differently, though, they are structurally Gita, Yoga is to purify our actions, is to control the mind and identical.It is very much known to all that without energy, senses and is to link oneself to Supreme with devotion. Yoga is nothing can move. In Bhagavad Gita, it is told that the Athma the path of selfless actions without expecting the consequences (Soul), which can be considered as energy, carries even the or end results. In all, Yoga is a Science. Many psychological thoughts and feelings to the next birth while entering a new issues can be resolved and physical health can be improved body. In Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna told that, at the through meditation and Yoga. The Yoga and meditation of life, thinking of whatever entity, one leaves the body, one improves one, to concentrate on the job without any mental certainly attains that stateonly in his next birth. Because, he disturbance and that results in positive outcome always. These always thinks about that entity. As the wind carries the aromas days, Yoga and meditation are the therapeutic tools for many from one place to other, similarly, the embodied soul carries physical and mental disorders. In Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna different conceptions of life from one body to another, which it explained about the procedures to be practiced for Yoga and acquires. It means, the character of a person, is determined meditation. In Bhagavad Gita, it is told that, a person, who from the previous life as the Aathma carries all those feelings controls the senses by his mind and remaining unattached and characteristic qualities of that life as explained in without expectation of end results- undertakes the activity of

36584 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(E), pp. 36582-36586, December, 2019 the work – is far superior. Work with devotion is superior and gain or loss and victory or defeat. He described about the soul is beneficial to self and others and therefore, it is also called as as eternal and we all existed in past, today and shall exist in Yoga.Devotion to work, means, the purity of our actions future also as the Athma (the Soul) can never be destroyed. without thinking of end results. To focus on work, there is need Krishna explained what is righteousness and what is not and of self-control. Self-control means, the control on our senses why the great warriors should follow the right path. However, without deviation in our efforts and without side tracks by other Arjuna had many doubts as he was in disturbed state. Lord attractions.It is told in Bhagavad Gita that, controlling our mind Krishna explained him about the characteristic qualities of the and senses is difficult and it needs practice and people and their behaviors, duties and actions, Prakriti which is (6.35).Yoga is a science and as per the definition of this verse, called as nature and the creation of the whole Universe and there is need of continuous practice to have control on mind to about the .To provide the confidence and peace of have peace in life. mind to Arjun, Lord Krishna explained about the state of steady mind in the verses 2.56, 2.57 to acquire the peace all yogeeyumjeethasathathamaathmaanamrahasisthathaha around. ekakeeyathachithhathmaaniraaseeraparigrahaha (6.10) samamkayasirogreevamdharaynnachalamsthiraha (6.13) dhhukheshvanudvignamanahsukheshuvigathaspruhah samprekshyanaasikagram swam disaashchanavalokayanan veetharagabhayakrodhahshithadheermuniruchyathe (2.56) asamsayammahabaho mano durnigrahamchalam yhasarvatraanabhisnehahathaththpraapyasubhaasubham abhyasenathukaunthayavairagyena cha gruhyathe (6.35) naabhinanadathinadveshthithasyaprajnaaprathishtithaa (2.57) mayisarvanikarmanisannyasyadhyatmachethasa Scientifically, it is known that a stable mind can have the peace nirashirnirmamobhutvayuddhyasvavigathajvarah (3.30) and can have good health. In Bhagavad Gita, it is told that, detachment of is important as it develops the if One, who is not disturbed in mind amid sorrows or elevated the desires are not fulfilled and ultimately one can get with excitement of happiness and who is free from attachment, disturbance in mind which ultimately leads to destruction in fear and anger -is called as a “Sage of Steady Mind”. One, who life. The “” is the person- who has controlled his mind is unattached to everything or who is unaffected by the good or and body and is free from desires and feelings of , neither rejoices nor recoils, that person can have the stable possessiveness. He is the One, who devotes for the work, who mind and perfect consciousness. Lord Krishna had spoken to does his duty without expecting the fruits of actions. He is the provide the confidence to Arjuna saying, “Arjuna- Dedicating person, who conquered his mind and senses, who has even- all your actions to me, with full knowledge of me, fixing your minded in success and failure, who is not disturbed with mind on me, without any for results, without any mental sorrows or pleasures and who is free from attachment, fear and agitation and without being lethargic, you fight in the battle anger. The Yogi is the one, who reaches the stage with “Steady field (3.30).Arjuna had regained the spirit and energy with mind” and he is the one, who keeps the purity of mind and knowledge of his duties from the teachings of Lord Krishna purity in actions. These all are the characteristics of a Yogi. For and understood his duty at that context and acted accordingly. a Yogi, who performs meditation, the surroundings and the Counselling is an important aspect to treat the people, who are stability of mind are important. Also, the concentration of mind disturbed in mind and who are not able to take the right towards the destiny without any diversion and desire is decisions. Lord Krishna counselled Arjuna effectively to treat essential. The “Yogi” is the person- who– should live alone in him through his teachings in the battle field of Kurukshetra, in a secluded place and should constantly engage his mind in Mahabharata. meditation. One should hold the body, head and neck straight and steady, remaining firm and fixing the gaze on the tip of his CONCLUSION nose, without looking in other directions (6.10 & 6.13). Yoga and meditation, if followed, one can have better health, peace Scientifically many aspects can be explained as described in of mind and happiness all around. Bhagavad Gita, which was told 5000 years back by Lord Krishna to the warrior Arjuna in the battle field of Kurukshetra, Counselling in Mahabharata. Few aspects have been explored herein with

Counselling is a therapy for the treatment of disturbed minds. relevant Sanskrit verses explained therein the scripture with In the battle field of Kurukshetra, in Mahabharata, Arjuna, who scientific interpretation. It is a review of Bhagavad Gita with an was a great warrior but mentally disturbed as he was to fight attempt to explore the scientific understanding on these aspects with relatives, teachers, friends and all his own people. Arjuna with correlation of relevant verses there in the scripture. lost all his spirit and energy and was not able to take a decision. References Arjuna asked Lord Krishna for the advice as he had in confused state of mind amid battle filed. That was the context for lord 1. Dr. Omprakash M. Ashtankar, KITS, Ramtek, India; Krishna to counsel Arjuna explaining him knowledge on Mind Management: Lessons from Bhagavad Gita; various aspects, by which Arjuna can set right his mind and International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer take the right decision. Science and Management Studies; Vol 4, Issue 3, March 2016 Lord Krishna explained, based on the psychology of Arjuna by 2. Yuba Raj Pandey, Economic Interpretation of which he can correct his mind and in fact to bring him out of Philosophy of Bhagavad Gita: A descriptive Analysis; confusion and to acquire the stable mind with peace and Economic Journal of Development Issues; Vol 23 & 24, enlightenment of knowledge.In Counselling, Lord Krishna had no 1-2 (2017) combined Issue spoken motivating words to strengthen the confidence & spirit of Arjuna. Explained him to treat equally happiness or sadness, 36585 | P a g e Dr. Dantu Muralikrishna., Bhagavad Gita And Science – A Review

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How to cite this article:

Dr. Dantu Muralikrishna.2019, Bhagavad Gita And Science – A Review. Int J Recent Sci Res. 10(12), pp. 36582-36586. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1012.4953

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