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Cell Structure & Function and Cell Processes

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Cell Structure & Function and Cell Processes Scientific Theory Both Scientific Law Explains how a natural Based on the results of many Describes a natural phenomenon phenomenon works investigations or relationship that always occurs under specific conditions Often explains more related Supported by a large amount of Often can be represented by a phenomena over time empirical evidence mathematical Formula Can be modified if new evidence Widely accepted by the majority of Provides no explanation as to why refutes the current statement scientists within a given field of a phenomenon occurs study Cannot be validated by a single Often becomes more limited over person time 2nd section Title: Levels of Organization Atoms – everything is made up of atoms ( there are different types of atoms) Elements –one atom Molecules – same elements together Compounds – different elements together Cells – Basic unit of life Tissue – group of similar cells working together to preform a function Organ – A collection of tissue that work together to provide a specific function Organ System – A collection of organs that work together to provide a specific function Organisms – living thing Levels of Organization • Atoms Patterns in the hierarchical organization • Elements Atoms make up elements to Organisms • Molecules Elements make up molecules to Organisms • Compounds • Cells • Tissue • Organ • Organ System Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, cells, • Organisms tissue organ, organ system make up organisms Organism Tissue Cell Compound Atom What makes something living? • Write: What makes something characterized as alive? • Cells • Homeostasis • Metabolism • Gas Exchanged • Reproduction • Growth and Development • Response to stimuli • Evolution*** Levels of Organization • Atoms - Smallest Level of Organization • Elements • Molecules • Compounds • Cells – Smallest Level of Living Organisms • Tissue • Organ • Organ System • Organisms – Largest Level of Living Organisms Lesson Launcher – Round 3 – 10/18 A. 1. How can a cell be considered a living organism but an organ composed of millions of cells is not considered a living organism? 2. Organelles carries out a specific task to keep cells functioning. What levels of organization make up organelles? 3. What level of organization is being represented in picture A? 4. What level of organization is being represented in picture B? B. Lesson Launcher – Round 3 – 10/18 1. How can a cell be considered a living organism but an organ composed of millions of cells is not considered a living organism? • A single cell organism like a bacteria carries out all of life's functions on their own. While a multi-celled organism’s cells work together to keep the organisms alive. Each cell is alive inside of a multi-celled organisms but not considered an organism themselves because they could not function without the other cells in the organism. 2. Organelles carries out a specific task to keep cells functioning. What levels of organization make up organelles? • Atoms – elements-molecules-compounds 3. What level of organization is being represented in picture A? • Tissue 4. What level of organization is being represented in picture B? • Cells 2nd section Title: The Cell Theory At top of page write the following statements and box them. 1. All living things have cells List the following scientists, skipping 3-4 lines between each and take notes during the video. 1. Hooke 2. Cells come 2. Leeuwenhoek from other cells 3. Schleiden 4. Schwann 3. Cells are the 5. Virchow basic unit of life The Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke • looked at thin slices of cork (plant cells) under the microscope. 1665 • Named it a cell Anton van Leeuwenhoek – late 1600’s Leeuwenhoek made many simple microscopes He was the first to: …. see and describe He observed microorganisms microorganisms in a drop of pond water, ( bacteria, 1-celled creatures) under dental scrapings, etc. the microscope. All living things have cells Cells are the basic unit of life On the road to the cell theory... Matthias Schleiden Theodore Schwann German botanist Zoologist 1838 1839 Schleiden said that all plants are Schwann said that all animals are made of cells. made of cells. Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann used evidence gather from their research to propose the first to postulates of the Cell Theory. 1. All living things have cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life Virchow In 1858, Rudolph Virchow said that cells could only arise from preexisting cells. The Cell Theory Draw and Color a Cell Theory Infographic: 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. Round 3 – Lesson Launcher – 10/21 1. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? A. tissue, cell, organ system B. organ system, organ, tissue, cell C. organ, tissue, organ system D. cell, tissue, organ, organ system 2. An organ system is a group of organs that A. are made of similar cells. B. are made of similar tissues. C. work together in performing a major body function. D. work together in performing all the functions in a multicellular organism. Round 3 – Lesson Launcher – 10/21 1. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? A. tissue, cell, organ system B. organ system, organ, tissue, cell C. organ, tissue, organ system D. cell, tissue, organ, organ system 2. An organ system is a group of organs that A. are made of similar cells. B. are made of similar tissues. C. work together in performing a major body function. D. work together in performing all the functions in a multicellular organism. 2nd Section title: Homeostasis For each underline word write a 1-4 word definition. Then create your own definition for homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of internal stable conditions that are necessary for life functions. 2nd section Title: Homeostasis? • Read pages – 134-136 – Answer the following question – Either write the question or answer in a complete sentence. 1. What do cells need to do in order to survive? 2. What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms in maintaining homeostasis? 3. What are the two types of tissue plants use to transport? Describe each of their functions. 4. How do cells get energy? 5. Describe photosynthesis. 6. Describe cellular respiration. Round 3 – Lesson Launcher – 10/22 Numbers 1-3- DO NOT use your notes 1. List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. 2. If Robert Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek did not propose any of the tenets to the cell theory why are they included in its information? 3. List the 3 tenets of the Cell Theory. 4. What is the difference between maintaining homeostasis in a multi-celled organisms vs a unicellular organisms? 5. Why would removing waste be necessary for homeostasis? Round 3 – Lesson Launcher – 10/22 Numbers 1-3- DO NOT use your notes 1. List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. • Atoms – elements-molecules-compounds-cells-tissue-organs-organ system-organisms 2. If Robert Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek did not propose any of the tenets to the cell theory why are they included in its information? • They paved the way for other scientists because they both built microscopes that allowed scientists to view cells. Hooke named the cell. Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe and describe microorganisms. 3. List the 3 tenets of the Cell Theory. • All living things are composed of cells. • Cells are the basic units of living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells. 4. What is the difference between maintaining homeostasis in a multi-celled organisms vs a unicellular organisms? • A single cell organism like a bacteria carries out all of life's functions on their own. While a multi-celled organism’s cells work together to keep the organisms alive. 5. Why would removing waste be necessary for homeostasis? • If waste builds up it acts as a poison. Round 4 – Lesson Launcher – 10/23 Do NOT use your notes. 1. List the levels of Organization. 2. List the 3 parts of the cell theory Round 4 – Lesson Launcher – 10/23 • A • Atoms 1. All living things • • E Elements have cells • M • Molecules • C • Compounds • Cells 2. Cells come from • C • Tissue other cells • T • Organs • O • Organ • O Systems 3. Cells are the basic • O • Organisms unit of life Organelle Function of organelle in 6 words or less Plant Cell, Picture that Explanation Animal Cell, or represents Both? Organelle Cell Wall Ridged layer -supports / protects cell Plant Brick Wall The Brick wall represents the Cell wall because it protects a city like a cell wall protects the cell Cell Membrane Controls what enters and exits / Gatekeeper Both Gate The gate represents the cell membrane because it controls what enters and exits like a cell membrane. Nucleus Cell’s control center / houses DNA Both Brain The brain represents the nucleus because it controls the body like the nucleus controls a cell. Cytoplasm Fills inside of cell holds organelles into place Both Gel The gel represents the cytoplasm because it holds hair into place like the cytoplasm holds cell parts into place. Golgi Apparatus Ships ER substances around cell Both Mail room / The mail room / shipping boxes represent the Golgi shipping boxes apparatus because it sends mail to people like the Golgi sends substances around the cell ER Produces substances for cell Both Kitchen Supplies The kitchen supplies represent the ER because they make things like the ER makes things for the cell. Ribosomes Reads DNA to makes proteins Both Ribs The ribs represent the ribosomes because ribs are made up of proteins and ribosomes make proteins. Mitochondria Does Cellular Reparation / produce energy Both apple The apple represents the mitochondria because it Takes in glucose (sugar) + oxygen to make energy produces energy for the cell like a apple gives a person + carbon dioxide energy.
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