New Mexico office : 414 Second St. S.W., Albuquerque, N. M. vol. 6 • nos. 5 and 6 • may-june 1964 • new mexico architecture

Third Annual A lA Conference 5

Projects Santo Fe Ski Lodge-John Reed 13 Hot Springs High School-Joe Boehning 14 Anderson Hall-Kruger, Lake & Henderson 15 Portales Notional Bonk-Edwin French 16 Los Alamos United Church-Richard Milner 17 Off ice Building-Robert G. Biddle 18

Urban Renewal-Which Direction;J-George S. Wright 19

Letters to the Editors 24

Notes on Reading 25

Index of Advertisers 26

(Cover - Canyo n Road Area - Dick Kent, Photographer )

- OJJicial Publication oj the New Mexico Chapter, American i nstitute o] Architects-

Chapter Officers Magazine Comm ittee President, John McHugh Bainbridge Bunting ) Vice-President, John Reed John P. Conron ) Co-Editors Secretary, William Buckley Jean Rodgers Oliver Treasurer, John J. Heimerich -Staff Photographer Director, Max Flotow W. M. Bri ttelle, Sr., Chairman Director, Hugh Rowland - Advertising Director Di rector, Don Oschwald John J.Heimerich, Treasurer Director, Gorlan Bryan Von Darn Hooker, Circulation Director, E. C. French John McHugh, Ex-Officio

P ri nted by : H all - P oorbau gh Press. In c. Roswell . New Mex ico Complete 1964 catalogue avail­ able from Blumcraft of Pittsburgh, 460 Melwood St., Pittsburgh 13, Pa.

-Trademark © 1964 Blum.rof' of PIII.bur,h 3 rd Annual Conference .....•

•. • New Mexico Chapter .•• A.I.A.

For the third year, the regular spr ing meetin g of Smith, in addition to his responsibilities of giving the the [ew Mexico Chapter, AlA was held in connect ion Welcoming Speech, was thoughtful eno ugh to under­ with a two da y conference on a topi c of common in­ take the summarization of each talk. It is his notes, terest. As pr evious meetings had been spo nso red by that we include here. the Albuquerque and Santa Fe Sections of the state It was a disa ppointment that Llo yd Snedaker of organization, the resp onsibility this year fell on the Salt Lake City, Dir ector of the Western Mountain Re­ Southern Section. Centering the discussion ar ound the gion of AIA could not get to the confere nce becau se theme of " Exce lle nce in Ar chitecture," the Southern of the bad flyin g conditions. He had att ended our two Section arranged meetin gs to be held April second and pr evious conferences and added much to them. Attend ­ third at the Roswell Inn , Roswell, T. M. ing memb ers also regr etted that Mr. Willard Kruger, Much of the labor of organizing the meeting and who had been scheduled to give the banquet address pr ocuring speakers was und ert aken by Mr. Frank Stand­ on " Excelle nce in Architecture," did not come to Ros­ ha rdt , and to him the Chapter is ind ebted. nfortunate­ well. A hasty substitution was arranged and Mr. Bunt­ Iy, an unu sual lat e spring blizzard conspired to keep ing imp rovised a talk that at least fill ed the formal most AIA members from the centra l and northern sec­ requirements of a banquet address. It is to Kern Smith's tions from attending. There was, however , an excelle nt summary of the speec hes deliv ered at the five sessions attendance from the south and eastern ar eas. The eve­ that we now turn. nin g meetin gs were immeasurably enlivened by cock­ tail s proferred by Office Int eri ors and Builders Block Welcome and Concept 0/ Program , Kern Smith, A l A, and Stone on Friday and Saturday nights respecti vel y. Master 0/ Ceremon ies: The theme for the conference, Excell ence in Archi­ In the usual flow of events that comprise a con­ tecture, was, of course, a big one. But it was rendered fer ence of thi s nature, the welcoming address is usually manageable by dint of br eaking the formidable problem given by a person who has distinguished him self in of excelle nce into five steps, each of which formed the some walk of life that commands attention, thereby topi c of one session. Th e Five Steps are: Community opening the progr am with a bang of great magnitude! Teeds, Planning Criteri a, Design, Plan and Specifica­ Since I was not present at the fir st meetin g of the tions, Constr uction. The idea of how difficult of attain­ program committee, I was unanimousl y selected for the ment is total exce lle nce and the imp ortan ce of accura cy job of extending to all of yO Il, a welc ome to this an ­ and exce llence at each step of a building's development nual Spring Conference Work shop of the New Mexico - is neatl y represented in the foll owing dia gramati c Cha pter of Ameri can Institute of Architects. The thought table. behind thi s action was that since anything of imp ortance In ad dition to the weather, an other " disas ter" he­ is rarely said in a welcoming address the committee set the conference in that the tap e recorder to record could start the program on a very low plane with the the proceedin gs broke down in the course of the fir st Master of Ceremonies and let the important thin gs be sess ion. Although a full coverage of the speeches is sai d lat er in the program by the distinguished partici­ therefore imp ossible, ex-president of the Chapter Kern pants. Needless to say, the Southe rn Division of the

Step I Step II Step III Step IVStep V Total Example Community Design Design Instructi ons Construc tion Building Teeds Criteria to Efficiency Contractors 1. All Perfect 100%· 100%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 2. All Perfect 100% 100% 60% 100% 100% 60% but one 3. All goo d 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 62% 4. All Medi ocre 75% 75% 75% 75% 75% 23% Politician Spec ialist Prelim. Working Contractor City Plans Drawings Supervision Pl anner Spec ificatio ns ...... ~o rr lJa l Scope of Executi ve Architect - - Scope of Supervisin g Architect - NMA May - June '64 SHOP RITE FOODS Inc. Albuquerque, New Mexico

"We originally decided to use Trus-Joist on the Shop Rite All over the west, Foods, Inc. office build ing addition becausewe were prom­ ised delivery in ten days instead of the six to eight weeks architects, engineers for steel joist. and builders are When the Trus-Joist arrived , as promised , we were acclaiming the amazed at how easily the joist installed and the amount versatility and of time and money saved. We intend to use Trus-Joist economy of Trus-Jolst whenever possible in the future." E. H. Blumenthal,Jr. App roxim ate ly 30 00 li neal fee t of Trus·Joist s used in the Shop Rit e roof syst em . Plywood roof deck an d %" gypsum board nailed to top and bottom chords. This is an ideal combination of wood an d steel pro vid ing op en web ut ility. faste r const ruct ion w ithout mecha ni cal eq uip m ent and wood chords for nail in g .

For more i n f o r m a ti o n o r s p ecifica tio n s, w r ite or phone GEORGE B. McGILL 902 Morningside Drive, N. E. A lbuquerque 1AUS-.JIJIS[ Phone 256-2058 New Mexico Chapter, Ameri can Institute of Architects, be given to each step. The end pr oduct, or the com­ the City of Roswell , and the Roswell Inn , all welcome pleted building, will be no more suitable than the you to this study of "Exce llence in Architecture." geometr ic product of the degr ee of profiency for the You will note on your invitati on that compli­ various steps." mentar y coffee and soft drinks will be avail abl e during Copies are avail abl e to all of you which show in the sessions, and you ar e invited to make use of the concise form a tabl e which illustrates the imp ort ance refreshment bar if you should feel sleepy, thirsty, or of accuracy and excelle ncy in each step of planning as just plain bored, whenever the mood strikes. Since outlined. From this you can see that if we translate this will be a rather fast movin g pr ogram, please feel the tabl e to an economic consideration, and assume a free to avail yourself of the liquids at an y time during one million dollar bond issue for a community facility, the pr ogram. and if we achieve an overall batting average of " all The pr ogram "Excellence in Architecture" is pre­ good" as shown in the third example, then the benefits sented by the Southern Division of the New Mexico accruing to the community becomes $620,000. Medio­ Cha pter, American Institute of Arciht ects with the help crity in the performance of these steps is not acceptable. and participation of the entire New Mexico Chapter It is, with these thoughts in mind, that we officially and distin gui shed citizens fr om other professions. We open this Spring Conference Workshop and pursue are not here to pa y tribute particularly to individuals our study in achieving " Excellence in Architecture." or groups, but I would like to acknowledge and thank Our first step for discussion will be the " Problem of Frank Standhardt (the well known Undergro und Archi­ Community Responsibility" und er the direction of Mr. tect ) and Hugh Rowland for their untiring efforts in J. C. Powell , Pr esident of the First National Bank of putting this pr ogram together. Roswell and also Chairman Roswell Developm ent Com­ In exploring " Exce llence in Architecture" we find mittee. that we can not think only of the completed building in its ph ysical form, but we must consider all facets First Session: COMMUNIT Y RESPONSIBILITY of the work from the project inception through the J. C. Powell, President First [ational Bank, Roswell : planning and construction to the end pr oduct the build­ He believes laymen should challenge architects and ing. stresse d four points to achieve excellence in Architecture In the preparation of the program we were aware as follow s : 1. Inertia; 2. Initiative; 3. Tax Revision and of the man y nati onally recognized speakers available 4. Fun ctions. All communities should develop ma ster for conference of this kind , but we felt that trying to plan with one or more central core areas with not only find the answer to the problem could best be accom­ traffic flow within the city, but fr om outl ying districts. plished by havin g it pr esented by pr ofessionals work­ Sees need for downtown motels near the center core ing in New Mexico and the Southwest Region, since and cha llenges architects with the thought " If you this is where we strive for excelle nce in ar chitecture. dream - be practical. " Powell feels that too many Therefore, you will find on our prog ram, Architects, Architects are " Rose carriers, prima donnas and pow­ Engin eers, Bankers, Doctors, Edu cators, and Builders der-puff boys." Believes that community citizens are who are well known to most all of you. It is thr ough mor e qualified to develop master plans with the expert these men that we will explore methods and mean s of than to have this done by outside experts who lift achieving "Excelle nce in Architecture." general plans fr om one city to another. Ideas should be In the word s of Frank Standhardt, our progr am new and fresh, not ju st paint. Buildings can not be chai rma n for the confere nce, "Most pr ofessions, other made modern just by changing the "sco llop" on the than Architecture, are tending more and more to special­ front end. ization. The Architect, by the very nature of his services, Dr. IIaward Smith, President Chaves County Medical remai ns a synthesis t and, in order to discharge his Society : Dr. Smith questions the experts fr om Wash­ obligation to his client and to society, he must take a ington and does not go al ong with Hill-Burton statistics synoptical approach to social and archit ectural con­ and control. Believes medical schoo ls have pr ostituted sider ations." themselves to the government in the acceptance and de­ Thi s statement, as you can well see, gives r ise to pend ence on federal hand outs. Believes excelle nce in the subordinate theme "The expa nding responsibility Architecture also depends on living within the bud get of the Archit ect" which goes hand in hand with our and a more thorough acqua intanceship with the pr ob­ established theme " Excellence in Architecture," an d lems of particular pro jects. which will also come in for considera ble exploration Dr. LaMoine Langston, Cha irman Administrative Ser­ and discussion. vices, New Mexico Dept. of Education, states that think­ For the purpose of this study, and in order to ing is based on experience and that reason is based on emphasize the importance of excellence in architecture, putting together these experiences. New schools must the mechanical process of the pra ctice of Architecture have flexibility for new methods and no one can say is organized in segments or steps in their norm al that 30 children to one teacher is sacred. Excelle nce in chronological order of consideration and accomplish­ arc hitecture must go hand in hand with excellence in ment. Th ese steps are: education. He cha llenges architects to push, cajol, cru­ 1. Community responsibility sade, and insist that schoo l boards accept modern con­ 2. Pl anning Criteri a cepts of education and flexibility of building. Keepin g 3. Design abreast of educa tional and building needs can not be 4. Pl ans and Specifications financed by the old fashioned method of property tax; 5. Construction new sources of revenue must he found. Again, quoting Mr. Sta ndhardt, " In ord er to ac­ The Han. Mack Easley, Lt. Cov. of [ew Mexico, stressed complish an archit ectural actuality of value, it is im­ the need for participati on of architects in politics to portant that adequate study, consideration and action atta in excelle nce in architecture. He cha rged that the

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NMA May· June '64 attitude of ar chit ects towards politics is a serious ob­ and easy detailing. He posed the question "do we need ligati on of their civic resp onsibilities. Also he stressed typical architecture or unique ar chit ecture?" Believes the need for an act ive legislativ e committee and believes most archi tects tend to design irrationally but then tr y to this is necessary to exercise vita l power with the agen· rationalize the design. He contends that very few inno­ cies that tend to side step Architectural Excellence. vations penetrate into ew Mexico and that most ar ­ Seco nd Session : PL AN NI NG CRITE RIA chitects act as brokers of design in the same way that contractors act as brokers for building. He stressed the Jason Moor e, AIA ., ( Pres iding) : Mr. Moore stated he fact that concept and str ucture must be evident in all is glad the Spanish peopl e got her e befor e the people designs and that to attain excellence in archit ecture, from Boston. He sees the mind as a computor with we must forestall preconception of problems present ed. reasonin g power. Planning Criteria is dependent on the various functi ons to be perform ed of which he lists Hugh Rowland,A IA., pr esented economic aspect in de­ seven in number : L Planning Fun ction. 2. Economic sign criteria and discussed the foll owing points: 1. Corn­ Fun ction-Buildings must be designed to " pay-off." plete study of given budget for a project, 2. Keeping Pr ojects such as motels, theatres, restaurants, etc., would with that budget and designing to required costs with­ not exist unl ess they ar e economically sound and pay out resorting to alterna tes in the contract document s, a profit return on the investment. 3. Aesthetic Fun ction, 3. Complete analysis in cost dat a, 4.Prop er and ac­ which must be a part of the origina l planning. it En· curate cost estimating, 5. The architect's own bud get gineer ing Fun ction. 5. Civil Engin eering Fun ction, par· cost for pr odu cing plans. ticularly site work. 6. Structura l and Materi al Fun c­ C. P. Houston , a Professional Engineer, contended that tion-Beli eves we do not really have new materials indu stry ca n contribute to the economic aspect of archi­ with which to work ," We onl y make new applicati ons tectural products. States that everyone is an expert in of old materials." 7. Furniture and Fixture Function­ air-conditioning- half tr ying to make it cheaper, the should be an integral part of the pr oject in its plan. other half trying to make it run. The architect ha s two ning stage. trends to pursue which have to do with aesthetic de­ Vic tor A . Glover. Dr. of Opt ometry from Roswell , spoke sign and techni cal coordination. Contends that the con­ of what ar chit ects can do to conserve vision. The eye tractor -investor type commission to the architect for is not a camera, it is a triggerin g device to set off a his stamp rather than his service will continue becau se matching process of other senses : smell, sound, taste, clients ar e dissati sfied with the services of man y ar chi ­ etc. He believes vision is a matter of learning as well tects. Thi s is due mostl y to improper mechani cal work as a mat chin g process which tri ggers the auditor y, as a result of low quality substitutions, etc. Budget has visual, verbal, and graphic aspects of command and a direct bearing on the mechanical equipment and in­ response. Pr esent ed absolute proof in the testin g of stallation, and man y times cause thi s to be don e im­ 140 children, he stated that 40-footcandles is the best properl y. He al so contends the ar chitect should reli eve intensit y for design of cla ssroom lighting (KS Note­ himself of mechani cal and electrical responsibilities Thi s was one of the high-light talks of the Conference ). and place this on the pr ofessional engineer. Don Paxton, Pr ofessional Engin eer from Albuquerque. Fourth Sess ion : PL ANS A ND SPECIFICA TIO '5 stresse d the imp ortance of aco ustica l consideration duro Brad Ki dder, FAlA, presiding: Mr. Kidder reco mmend­ ing original planning. "Sound Conditionin g" rests sole­ ed all architects to read Th omp son's " It's Th e Law" and ly with the Architect and it is directl y influenced by to become better acquainted as to his resp onsibilities. the air conditioning system within the building. He States that Exce llence in Architecture can be obtained believes that some room noise is desirable to make out onl y by excelle nce in the contrac t documents. Plans the outside noises. and specifications must be within the limitations of Don Schl egel, AIA. , submitted the idea that the " pro. the lab or market in which the project is to be built, gram" is the outside discipline imposed on the architect, and all equipment should be shown and drawn to scale and the "aesthetics" is the discipline imp osed by the on the plans. Verti cal dim ensions and details often architect. Sugges ts that the creation of a " Concept" or times ignored. He point ed out the importance of specify. pure design idea should transcend the function. Plan­ ing every thing for which there is an inferi or pr oduct. ning criter ia should have a "sence of place, a sense of Ike Turner, Pr ofessional Engineer , stresse d the imp ort­ time, and a sense of truth." He envisions future build­ ance of soil investigati on and analysis pri or to pr oject ings based on the seconda ry type of pre-engin eered, design. He discussed the meaning and needs of ph ysical prefabricated bu ilding for the " run-of-the-mill" type data as it applies to load bearing tests, soil densit y, proj ect with only the larger and mor e complex build­ shea r, etc., and he emphasized that data required from ings to be done by the practicing architect. a complete soil investigation must incl ude: 1. a soil pr ofil e, 2. Two sets of physical data- one to check the Third Session : DESIG N other with being suitable to determine reliable bea r-in g Walt er Gathman, AlA., schematics (pres iding) : Mr. soil ur essure. Gathman believes that ar chitects spend too little time Pat TV ood, Professional Engineer as well as AlA memo on schematic and design and therefore do not live up ber , discussed the various structural aspects of build­ to the terms of most contracts which calls for 35 %, at ing and stressed the imp ortance of materials in rela­ least on the fee basis, to be spent in thi s ar ea. He con­ tion to fire ra ting and insurance costs. Ceiling and tend s that the ar chitect fails to educate the client as roof deck materi als have a ver y important bearing on well as the public. He presented discussion on ma­ insurance rat es. He envisions better use of aluminum terials as related to design. as a struc tura l system and some use of glass as a struc­ John Reed, AlA. , contended that we should have a unity tural material. Modern steel continues to improve in of purpose in struc tural design and too man y times strength and yield point hut flexibility is the same as visualize a structure without exploring the possibilities alwa ys and no one has been abl e yet to change the as related to structure. Architects usually follow con­ modulus of elasti cit y. He contends that greater use of ventional lin e of design thinking in term s of simple reinfor ced concrete in its precast form will come.

NMA May · June '64 o Dick Clark,A l A ., related that the purpose of contract documents is to communicate in simple words and gra phic langua ge. He believes that use of more isometric IN NEW MEXICO drawings would have grea t value -in communication. pecifications should be bri ef, readable and definite. Specify .. He contend that no two produ cts can in actua lity be equal, a they would violate pa tent laws and would have to be iden tical. He recommends use of construe­ tion sched ule a a necessa ry part of the contrac t docu­ ments. Fifth ession : CO 'STRUCTIO ' Earl F. Puckett, Profe iona l Engineer and member of A.G.C., presidin g. NI r. Puckett stre ed the imp ortance of the use of a " One Cont ract y tem" as opposed to FOR severa l contracts, br oken down between general, me­ cha nical, electrical, etc. He contends that the architect THE ; : should be responsibl e for obtaining building permits ", ,. and not the contractor. Discussed the importan ce of ARID supervision, quality contro l, and the necessit y for ef­ ,f ', .I. , SOUTH- , ficiency in construction. Don Litchfield , discussed the meaning of performance WEST and pa yment bonds for use in construction and strongly urged that architects require such bonds on all projects to give guara ntee that the building will be complete. Conally Reed, discussed the imp ort ance of fir ewall , fra me, masonry, and fir e resistive aspects of building in relation to esta blished fire insurance rates. Urged architects to have larger proj ect of complex nature checked by the Mountain States Inspection Bureau for No shrinkage. comments and hel p on obtaining lowest possibl e rate no moisture to losebefore for the pr otection and adva ntage of cli ent. stabilizing. 11 I Will Harris, AlA., grac iously fill ed this area for George Every Glen·Mar door '\"' Wright who was unable to att end , due to extreme weath­ is buill wilh the 11, er in Albuquerque. Mr. Harris discussed the legal re­ naluralmoisture ,I i \ I \ r conlenl of this sponsibilities in construc tion and pointed out the pit­ area16%). 1 fall s of taking over duti e and responsibilities that be­ long to others. He urged extreme care in checking shop drawings and stressed imp ortance of close insp ection to insure architectura l excellence. NIr. Lloyd nedaker, Director Western Mountain Region, AlA was grounded in alt Lake by weather and could not att end the Conference. Between 4 and 5 p. m. the 1 'ew Mexico Chapter of AlA held a Business Meetin g at which John McHu gh, An Open - and - Shut Pr esident of ew Mexico Chapt er, pr esided. Case of Superiority! BA NQUET The annual banquet was foll owed by an address by Dr. Bainbridge Bunting, niversit y of Tew Mexico. Location of the Glen Mar plant in Prof. Bunting spoke on the influences which tend to dry. dry Phoenix achieves "Balanced prevent Excell ence in Archit ecture. Among these he Moisture Control" .. . low moisture noted: 1. Lack of time to study and allo w the solution levels in all component parts of to mature prior to the working dr awin g stage. 2. Fr ont­ this Glen-Mar Door! Proof: just office archit ect who confer with the clie nt and then open and close it .. . an Open and glibly and inaccurat ely relay decisions to the drafting Shut Case of Superiority! room 3. Archit ects usually are jacks-of-all-design and scarcely become pr oficient in one type of building probl em before they ar e requ ired to run on to some NOW Proudly Distributed other pr obl em. 4-. Lack of well meaning criticism to Throughout New Mexico by: point out the false design an d properly analize archi­ tecture. 5. Lack of absolute, concrete, standards for jud gin g excellence in architecture. 6. Confusion of the APACHE Lumber Co. flash y or spectacular solution for excellence -- ie., a tend ency toward exhibitionism. 100 Mescale ro, NW Tel. 345-1633 General Notes : Office Interiors through Don Meh­ ALBUQUERQUE, New Mexico rin gs and Dave Maupin provided cocktails for the Con­ ference on Friday evening before dinner. Builder's Block and Stone of Roswell and Las Cruces provided cock­ tail s for Saturday night 's dinn er. END

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NMA May · June '64 13 PROPOSED HOT S PIUNGS HIGH SCIIOO L, Truth or Co nseq uences, New 1'Iexico

Joe Boehning, AlA, Architect

The aca demic-admi nistra tive complex of this four­ nasium. Gymnasium, music, and shop facilities are 10· year high choo l is designed ar ound a landscap ed court­ cated in buildings detached from the qui eter aca demic­ yard. The cour tya rd design, with portal-covered walk­ ad mini tr ati ve comp lex. Thi s last area will contain ways around a pati o, has considerable histori c signifi­ quart er for home economics, arts and crafts, bu ines cance in ew Mexico. It permits occupant to enjoy education, science and lan guage lab oratories as well the sunshine, either directl y or in shaded areas, and it as cia sroorns and administrati ve offices. Capacity of pr ovid es protecti on again st rain , snow, wind and blow­ the schoo l is 500 students. ing dust. Interi or corridor space is redu ced by one-ha lf by The focal point of the campus is the octago nal placing classrooms in clu sters of four. Folding parti­ library located within the courtyard. The multi-purpose tion s will allow these clu sters to be opened into one cafetorium and the student commons are pla ced at one large area or divided into two medium sized or four end of the cour t, access ible to parking areas and gym- regula r classr ooms.

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14 NMA May - June '64 CLINTON P. ANDERSON IIALL., New M exico State UnhTersit)·

Kruger., I~ake and lIenderson., Associated Arcllitects and Engineers

Thi s building is designed 10 house the Ph ysical ing ar ea for ant ennae, trackin g equipment and enviro n­ cience Department now scattered in various bui ldings mental work , has direct access to the floor below. over the campus. To be fill ed with sophisticated elec­ Exteri or wall s will be exposed aggr egat e pan els tr onic equipment, which is subjec t to continual cha nge in two colors; an aluminum wind ow wall will face the and up-dating, a primar y requirement was for complete north side. pandrel pan els ar e of extru ded, an odized flexibility of lab orator y and room layout. To satisfy aluminum sections set interl ockin g. Wind ows will con­ this need the various lighting, power , air conditioning tain bronze, glare-reducing glass, but laboratories will and equipment cooling systems also had to be designed have no wind ows. The entrance lobby will be pan ell ed completely flexib le. with Cordova fossil limeston e; its sta ir of an open de­ Construction is poured reinfor ced concrete fram e sign will be suspended from the roof. designed on the new code with extra high tensile steel. Scheduled for occupation early in 1965, the bu ild­ Floor and roof decks ar e pre-stressed double-tees de­ ing's contractor is Frank Ta tsch. Contract pri ce is signed for 100-pound live loads. The roof deck, a work- . 1,113.500, a cost of $13.20 p.s.f.

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NMA May - June '64 15 PORTALES NATIONAL IIANK Edwin c. "'rencla~ AIA~ Arclaitect

The Portales Nationa l Bank, of which Douglas B. area has been designed to acco mmodate future electronic tone is presid ent , desires an invitin g bui lding to house processes in accounting. its banking services for the small but progressive city Outside materi als are norman bri ck. tone. and of Portales. In keeping with the desire to serve the aluminum trim. Interior wall s are genera lly of plaster reli eved with ar eas of exposed bri ck and walnu t pan el­ community, a Community Room seating between 70 ling. Glass wiII be gr ey solar glass for the redu ction and 100 persons has been provided as a meeting place of glare and heat. Floors in the Bank ing Lobby ar e of for various community gro ups. This roo III wiII also terrazzo, but carpeting will be used in the President's serve as a coffee lounge during banking offices. and other offices. Ceiling of accoustical plaster ar e In addition to complete walk-in banking facil ities, genera lly 10 feet high exce pt the 14 feet in the Bank­ motor-banking is also pr ovided for. Th e bookkeeping ing Lobby. Tell er counters, rai lin gs, etc. ar e of walnut.

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16 NMA May · June '64 UNITED (;UUR(;U OF LOS ALAltlOS Iliehard P. Milner, AlA, ArellUeet

This edifice was design ed for a long narrow lot adult classr ooms are some wha t separated from quarter ha vin g a precipitou s slo pe and str ung out between for the noiser grades, and they can be heated inde­ two streets. It opens toward the upper stree t on th e pendently fr om the rest of the building. so uth beca use of the accumulati on of snow al ong north Th e building is to be con tructed in three phases. sides of buildings in th is mountai n city. The two-level Fir t, beginning in the spring of 1965, will come the edu ca tio n wing is arran ged so th at a ltho ugh one en­ educationa l win g ann fellowship hall ; seco ndly, the ter s at grade on the so uth, the lower floor is at ground church offices, cha pel and additions to the educational level on the rear. wing ; fin ally' the sa nctua ry and chape l. In addition to the sanctuary seating 650 per sons, Th e congregation asked for simplici ty of des ign . the plan provid es a fellowship hall for 300, a church While they wanted a recognizable church building, parlor opening int o two patios, a cha pel for 40 , church members did not want arch itectural ecce ntricity to dom­ offices, and educational facilities for nursery to th e inat e their edifice . Estimated cos ts of Phase On e, adult levels. Al ong with church offices the nursery and 250 ,000.

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NMA May · June '64 17 PROPOSED OFFICE B UILDING, Albuquerque Robert G. Biddie , AlA, Arcldtect

Plan are underway for the construction of a two­ den also opens off of south-oriented office suites situ­ story, fireproof office building of 18,000 square feet ated on the ground story. in the Heights area of Albuquer que. To be situa ted on nother major consideration is maximum flexi­ an east corner of a major intersection, one imp ort ant bility in rentable floor pace. Thi s goa l is achieved by concern in the building's design was the burning west adopting a 20-foot bay module in which each ba y con­ sun. Thi s probl em was met on west elevations by tain s independ ent air conditioning unit s with separate windowless wall s of textured masonry and by solar fan coil units, thermostats and flexible duct work. All screens. Wind ow wall s on both north and south ele­ walls are non-bearing, even those of the exterior. vations are fill ed with glare-reducing glass and are Construction is to be fir eproof with a system of further pr otected by five-foot overhangs. A wall ed gar- structural steel sup ports and concrete slabs.

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18 NMA May - Jun e '64 URBAN RENEWAL •• WHICH DIREl;TION? George S. Wrigllt, AlA A struggle for the contro l of the heart of the city In contrast to this relatively static situation, there' is now in progress. Two groups, not clearly identified has been over the same per iod of time a mushroom­ but none the less evident, are unkn owingl y engaged in like gro wth of the city. The limits push east to Tij eras a duel to con tro l the restoration of the area known Canyon, south to the Kirtland-Sandia complex, north as downtown. On one side, there are the incumbent to long-held ranch pr operties, and sporadic develop­ commercial and real estate interests with their assist­ ments and incorporations across the Rio Grande on the ants, the traffic and highwa y engineers, and , on the west. Whil e this has been chiefly a residential growth, other side, there is a forward lookin g group of individ ­ the number of shop ping centers 'constructed to serve uals who would rededicate the urban core to a 'new this area has been far out of pr oport ion to the growth and more lastingl y profit abl e use. If urban renew al ­ of the "downtown" commercial area. Fr om the small of which so much is heard - is to make a valid con­ and conserva tive neighborh ood Nob Hill Center , con: ' tribution, then the direction it takes must be a strong, str ucted in the late forti es, to the huge Winrock Center, positi ve one of lasting value to all. In simp le terms, the trend has been to lar ger and more conveniently the issue may be reduced to what should be the basic located sho pping centers. usefulness of the heart of the city. The word usef ulness Winrock is the developers' dream of a sea of park­ is interpreted in the sense of use for all. If it is not ing enveloping a centra l mall of retail stores in what of such use, then there is use onl y for a few. The latter has been described as a regional shopping center. case results in the decay and ulti mate death of the Here Winrock has repl aced the downtown central busi­ heart of the city. ness district as offer ing the grea test variety of retail lt appears to the observer that the comme rcial stores within a conven iently accessible whole. It is in­ interests prefer a downtown shop ping center. The rea l terestin g to note the names of the downtown retail mer­ estate man and investor would seek to maintain prop­ chants who have opened branches in Winrock, and even erty values. The banker would accept any solution that Fedwa y, the one-time champion of the " downtown," was sound for the economy and did not upse t existing evidently felt force d to pro tect its position by opening conditions. The city administra tion needs a sense of a large store in this center. direction. Robert Futterman, in the Future o] Our Cities, Before stating the case for the creation of the points out that such a pr ocess of opening branch stores urb an core, the basi c terms should be defin ed and has often been a deceiving one for the mer chants in­ the existing situation reviewed. The express ion " down­ volved. Retail sales have not increased in correspond­ town" might be explained as that area of the city which ing pr oport ion to the increase of overhead in operat­ con tains the origin of the various commercial, banking ing two outlets in lieu of only one - one store will and civic establishments. In the case of Albuquer que lose trade to the other, and so on. Tot that this is it is bounded by land of decaying residential use and necessarily tru e in Albuquerque but the observati on is often referred to as the central business district. has been relevant in ma ny other localities. Specifically, in Alb uquer que, this would include from However, the emergence of the aut omobile as the Broadwa y on the east to Tenth Street on the west, and chie f means of transporta tion is the princip al reaso n from Coal Avenue on the south to Lomas Boul evard for the shift away fr om the downtown business district, on the north. Th ere ar e areas of use contained therein the populati on growth notwithstanding. Combine this which do not make this an absolute definition but the with the failure of surface type tr ansportation to meet description will serve the purpose and is a common ly the public demands for speed and convenience and accep ted one. there is decay and defeat for the central business dis­ The phrase "ur ban core," as opposed to this, woul d trict. be defin ed as the heart of the city where the cultur al, The fact is that the mass of automobiles which civic, and commercial interests meet to represe nt and would converge on the centra l business district, if it had preserve the personality and history of the city. Spec i­ maintain ed its monopoly, would result in catastrophic fically, there is no such area existing in Albuquerque. congestion. To construc t more parking garages, or to In any ana lysis of existing conditions, it is simp le destroy more buildings for pa rking lots would not to review the past but to pr edict the futu re involves alleviate the chaos on the approach streets. The pr esent cons iderable guesswork. The peri od of greatest gro wth, downtown traffic with current loads ma y move close from 1940 to the pr esent, is clearl y marked by the to the presen t nati onal average of ten miles per hour, br eak ing of the economic and commercial monopoly of but it is difficult to understan d how even this slow the downtown area. What the future might hold will pace would be main tain ed with many times the number be examined lat er. of vehicles on the streets. To construc t an artificial In 1940 Albuquerque numbered about 40,000 citi­ mall on Central Avenue in the downtown area (to imi­ zens; in 1960 the census showed approximately 201,000. tate Winrock ) is to miss the point when there is no In 1940 downtown Albuquer que was bounded roughly workable solutio n for the traffic diverted. Thi s traffic by Broad way on the east, Roma on the north, Lead on would be forced around the mall and bring further the south, and 9th or 10th Street on the west. Com­ blight and congestion to alread y overlo aded side streets. paring thi s with our description above, this shows that Toledo, Ohio experimented with such a plan and aban­ in area the downtown has grown but littl e. In actuality doned it as unworkable. the growth might be said to be -rnore a vertical one The best known example of the devastation caused than a hori zontal one, with such additions as the by the sur ren der of the city to the automobile is the Simms Building, the Bank of ew Mexico Building, and situation in the centr al business district of Los Angeles. several others, thereby increasing densities in a small Two-thirds of the total area is devoted to the parking area about the center. garage, the parking lot, the expressways, and city streets.

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20 NMA May · June '64 This leaves one-third of the ar ea to produce revenu es fast as his car will enable him , and there plunge into which ar e half what they might have been with better a crus hing mass of other vehicles in narrow, conges ted planning. It has been suggested that the remaining one­ stree ts. Albuquerque, as yet, does not contemplate the third be logically consigned to parking lots as the urban ex pressway but a sample of its devastation can present rat e of devastation leaves little reason for the be seen in the swath cut by U. S. Inter state 25 (Ne w continued existence of the ar ea. Th e solution that Los Mexico 1122) passing over Central as it goes through Angel es has contrived would similarly be disastrous if the city from north to south. applied to Albuquerque. Disastr ous, that is, if the down­ Accepting the thesis that the motor car and bus town is to be the urban core - the heart and heart cannot solve the pr obl em of mass transp ortation, for­ beat of the entire community. Let massive permanent ward looking city offi cial s ar e interested in the experi­ concrete parking garages not be built, all out of pro­ ment in Seattl e with the elevated monorail. Built to portion in use and cost to the little headway mad e in serve Seattle's 1962 Fair, the monorail will be tested arriving at a permanent solution. (Better the qui ckl y als o as a means of mass transp ort for the commuters demountable steel fram e struc tures which can be re­ to the downtown ar ea. Inexpensive to construct, main­ pla ced eas ily if the need should ari se. ) tain , and operate, the monorail offers the advantage of To avoid such wasteful use of land, to avoid the speed and convenience with little or no encroachment confusion created by the automobile, peopl e must be on urb an real estate. brought into the core by other mean s than the auto­ To conclude the case against the restoration of mobile - one hundred twent y square feet (the car ) the monopoly of the downtown business district, it moving two square feet (the dri ver ) is not a satis­ would be best to review the facts. To duplicate the faclory mean s of mass transportation. parking and approach facilities of one large shopping Th ose cities in the United States with good, fast , center (Winr ock for example) requires about 40 acres mass transp ortation have been singularl y fortunate. or ab out eighteen city blocks. Multiply this by the ew York , Chicago and Boston are alone in having number of shopping centers in Albuquerque and it is reasonably fast and convenient subsurface electric not hard to visualize a downtown with nothing but trains. To say that the costs of operation far exceed asphaltic pavement. Add to this the example of such revenu es is to overlook the benefits accru ed to both cities as Los Angeles and the blight of the urban ex­ users, the untold number s of retail merchants and in­ pressway, and the case is a stronger one. No city and vestors benefitt ed from the service, and the att endant no individual can aff ord to give up the revenu e from increase in real estate valuations. Elsewhere, cities hav e valuable properties to merely park automobiles (ver­ either felt they could not afford the subway or were tically or horizontally) nor can the city and downtown in no financial positi on to consider such a system. interests compete with the relatively inexpensive de­ Man y other cities, at one time in their development, velopm ent of raw land in the suburbs. Lastly, to trans­ did have surface type electric railways, either on the port the aut omobil e and buses to this central business stree ts or adjacent to them. These trains or cars could distri ct requires ex pressways which ar e wasteful of attain ver y high speeds, but for reasons of safety, land and money to construc t and which onl y dump traf­ they were permitted only to tra vel at the speed of the fic in mass confusion into the urban core. vehicular traffic about them. By the mid-tw enti es, the What then is the alternative solution for the down­ auto-bus slowly began to replace the electr ic troll ey. town, the central business district of our city ? Th e Th e bus, as it is now known , was not restri cted to solution lies in the step by step creation of an urban tra cks and could move an y place there was a road core along the lines of the definition offered at the and take on passengers. beginning - an urhan core should contain those ele­ The chief objec tion to the bus as an agent of mass ments where the cult ura l, civic, and commercial in­ transp ort is that it travels every place the automobile terests meet to represent and ser ve the personality and is permitted to trav el. It can move no faster , unl ess histor y of the city. Th e heart of the city is not a statis­ it is at peril to public safety, than the other automotive tic of stores, parking lots, parking garages, and build­ traffic. Its frequent stops and the fact that it is sur ­ ings, but a living organism, "census statisticians to the rounded by the omni -pr esent a utomobile and tru ck, contrary." result in a considera bly slower rat e of ad vance than What then should be conta ined in the urban core? the automobile where congestion is present. Fir st would be the unique functions which only a cen­ Albuquerque is in a positi on of being solely re­ tral core can furnish and ar e not duplicated elsewhere. liant on the bus and the automobile as a mean s for Briefl y thev would be listed as foll ows: mass transp ort. This " mono-functional" mean s is one I: Cu'ltural Facilities: Th e central art museum , that cre ates probl ems which appear virtually unsol­ the main library and the civic theatre and concert vable. Th e aut omobile has been given the right to de­ hall would be in this group and serv e to represent stroy the city by the permission granted it to go every­ the cultural heritage of the city. where, to park at will, and have equal access to all 2. Civic Facilities: The central cit y offi ces seat ar eas in the centra l business district. Th e traffic en­ of govern ment. (This does not include all func­ gineer and the highway engineer abet this privilege tion s such as sanitation, shops, etc., but does in­ by such temp orary devices as the parking meter , the c1ude the headquarters for the various branches.) one-way street, the urban expressway , and the parking 3. Central Comm ercial Int erests : The central of­ lot and the parking garage . Th e latt er ar e design ed to fices of the banking, insurance, investment hou ses, pla ce the indi vidual's motor car as close as is physical. real estate interests, and legal offices, supporting ly possibl e to the office, the bank, or the store, with­ the business interests of the entire city. out considering the possibility of other mean s of trans­ Th ese elem ent s would serve as a nucleus for a liv­ portation. The highway engineer in many cities is ing organism which, designed with room for expansion, asked to design great elevated struc tures such as have wiII remain alwa ys as the heart of the city. These are been construc ted in larger communities, and these ex­ facilities not duplicated elsewhere and which will serv e pressways enable the motorist to rush downtown as as the focus and magnet for all citizens regardless of

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22 NMA May - June '64 locati on and distan ce from the heart. The properties dr ives for service vehicles lim ited to that basic use. therein contained will have a pe rma nent value as long The dr eam of the monora il as an adjunct to transport, as the city exists. as fantastic as it ma y sou nd, could grea tly allev iate the Where then is the solution for the sma ll business parking p roblem in some future year. man in the downtown business district as oppose d to To help main tain the density of the urban core at these thr ee items referred to above '? For the small busi­ a satisfactory standa rd, aesthetically and practicall y, it ness seeking the cas ual motorist, the urb an center has would be hoped that a certa in amount of open space littl e to offer. It is difficult to comprehen d why a motor­ wou ld be allo tted in and about the urban core. Green ist sho uld dr ive three miles to purchase an inexpensive spaces shou ld penetra te the core itself an d extend out­ item which he might find in the store in the neighbor­ ward , not on ly to serve the possi ble apartme nt dwell er hood sho pping center. In short, where items can be but to offer bot h a cha nge of pace for the worker in duplicated, the ur ban core (o r centra l busin ess district ) the core an d an attract ion to the casual visitor. It is will not compete with the neighbor hood center. For interestin g to note that this programming of open space certa in supporting businesses there is hope. Office sup­ for urban pl anning is a focal point of the redevelop. pl y houses, a limited nu mber of dru g stores, res tau­ ment of the ur ban cores in Philadelphia, New Haven, ran ts, etc., will of course be required and sho uld pros­ and man y othe r cities. per. One other unique as pect the ur ban core would af­ Centra l and regiona l type department stores woul d, ford would be the close proximit y of the interlocking by the definition, along with a limited number of elements. The central offices of the banks and invest­ specialty stores, fin d a place in an urb an core. The ment houses wou ld be close to the insurance and legal planning of the core wou ld not start with these enter­ establishme nts, and the commercial and govern mental pri ses but these ele ments wou ld be likel y to foll ow as life of the citv wou ld revo lve abo ut thi s core. Th e bene­ an adj unct to the development of the core itself. fits resulting' to these importa nt establishments would Thus equippe d with a perm anent nucleus, the ur­ be ma ni fold from a business stan dpoint. Good, modern ban core offers attracti ons to man y people. One aspect, housin g would be conveniently ava ilable for all office often overl ooked by rea l estate interests, wou ld be workers. Communication with in the area would be the developm ent of living facilities within (or imme­ simple and direct, relatively fr ee fr om congestion. Care­ diately adjacent to ) the core itself. Where there is a ful design of open spaces would give a sense of serenity high density of employ ment, apartment house un its and eye appeal not evident in the senseless confusion could be built which would compensa te the worker of the existing downtown area. who has no desire to cult ivate the desert and fight his Let it be noted that the pr ocesses involved in creat­ way back and for th to work five and six days a week. ing the ur ban core do not require the demolition of From his apartment, th is worker could walk to work, the entire downtown ar ea. On the contra ry, a large walk to the cultural center, walk to the largest de­ percen tage of the existing structures should be retained partment store, a fine restaurant, an urban pa rk, to as ha ving possibi lities for renovation and dedi cati on to nam e but a few attracti ons. Furtherm ore, the ra nge of a new and more profitable use. Man y substandard types of a partments construc ted might include the lux­ struc tures, decayed past the point of renewal, should ur y unit on down to the compact efficiency apa rtment. be removed to the benefit of the owner and the com­ The introdu cti on of the apartment dweller and the munit y. The balance, comprising the newer bui ldings, ap ar tment buildi ng might go a long way to compen­ could be retain ed and give n greater vitality with new sate for the loss of busin ess suffered by the down town neigh bors, whether th is takes the form of open space, merchant with the creation of the outlying sho pping or structures. centers.Land values and income would be compe nsated rb an renewal wou ld take its tru est meaning from where these uni ts supplanted decaying commercial in­ this dedi cati on to the princi ple of rebirth of use.In terests. brief, the process must not be one of recreat ing a As for planning such urban core as is contem­ commercial area with remode led store fro nts and pedes­ plated, it must come in stages or increments which ar e trian mall s. Rath er it must be the creation of a unique both feasib le and practicable. Ma ny years wou ld be an d lasting entity which goes beyond this limited ob­ required befor e such a dr eam could be totall y accom­ jectiv e. It is with in the city's gras p at this moment in pli shed, and the economic cost wou ld be high. A firs t its histor y to act in thi s di recti on. step (a fter a master pl an has been acce pted) might Above all, the urban core should serve a uniqu e be the establishme nt of the civic offices in an area function. As long as it wou ld be unique, it would have suite d to the requ irements of the mas ter plan and in va lidity from an econom ic standpoint. As long as it ar eas of considerable bli ght where pap er property would have a social and hi storic appeal, it wou ld have values are re ally that - paper va lues based up on in­ valid ity from a cultur al standpoint - something very flated land values. Thi s selection might be a compro­ few sho pping centers could hop e to offer. - G. S. W. mise but ideal solutions are found only in Utop ia. All master pl an s are a series of compromises of what planners would most desire. Successive increments would be constructed as is economically feasibl e and NEW ADDRESS the problems of parking and access are solved. One unit of a cultura l center should be related to this The Circulation Office for NEW MEXICO ARCHITEC ­ complex and construc ted simulta neously to give tru e TURE has a new address: validi ty and personality to the fir st increment. Box 290, University Station Transp ortation within the urban core would be changed gradua lly from the automob ile to the pedes­ Albuquerque trian . Stra tegically placed parki ng com pounds would Please direct new subscriptions and changes of address allow for dispersal of those entering the core with to this office.

NMA May - June '64 23 LETTERS TO EDITORS

Architectural Criticism - Should We ­ Or Shouldn't We? In the preceedin g issue of MA the Editors pub. HOW lished a car toon drawing and an article in which there was unfo vorabl e criticism of a design by a respected WOULD member of this chapter and of the actions of another respected member of this cha pter who is a Fellow of the Institut e. Since that issue went into circ ulation I YOU have received severa l comments for and again st the whole idea of ar chit ectural criticism in this magazine. COOL Some of the members feel that it is impolitic for them to support a publication-and send gift subscriptions AND to their fri ends and clients-if this same publicati on is apt to make unfa vorable comment on their own work. HEAT . .. They say that they would have no objection provided the magazin e was not circulated to the general public, but this situation does not occur; since the whole pur· pose of NMA is to get the ar chit ectu re of lew Mexico­ and particularly the work of Chapter members-before the general pub Iic. Others, including this writer, feel that criticism • and discussion are helpful both to ourselves and to the The largest pavilion at the New public. The AlA is a professional society, not a trade union. Both professional societies and trade unions York World's Fair? Or the world's seek to improve the lot of their members but by dif­ ferent means. Pr ofessionals seek to better their own busiest airport? Or New Mexico's lot by rai sing the quality of their work , by improving tallest building? Or a 25-acre the caliber of what they offer to the publ ic. Study, analysis, re-appraisal , and honest criticism are some shopping center? Or a modern high of the tools which we must use to accomplish this. We school? Or your own home? are one with other profess ionals in this approach. Musical com posers, resear ch scient ists, historians, an­ throp ologists, etc., write scathing criticisms of one Ifyou want the job done right ano ther's work- and then go out to din e together! Such criticisms and discussions hel p to crea te among our­ ...do it with gas. selves a lively mental climate conducive to fresh and crea tive work . In homes, businesses, factories, The second plus value of such ar ticles, it seems sc hools - wherever there is a need for to me, is that of letting the public become aware of climate control - the demand for depend­ our effo rts to improve our design. Thi s is the least able gas is growing! Gas-fired equipment is that such discussion will do-It might even go so far produced today by more manufacturers t han as to stimulate philosop hical discussions among the ever before. From small re sidential units to architectural lait y. This would tend to make our clients giant industrial systems, gas equipment is more discriminating, and more discriminating clients dependa ble, efficient, sa fe, compact, flexible will give us opportunities to design better buildings. - the most economical and longest-lasting Because articles have been taken from IMA and of all heat ing and coolin g systems. repri nted (sometimes without permission ) in other It is gas which cools an d heats ... the Ford publications, we will see to it from here out that all pavilion and 28 other major pavilions at the articles-even editorials- will be signed by those who New York World's Fair, New York Inter­ have writt en them. national Airport, the Bank of New Mexico's Both your chapter officers and your editors will skyscraper, Rushfair shopping center in E I be pleased to have your written comments on any of P aso, beautiful El Paso Tech n ical H igh the above. School, and man y of the finest hom es all John W. McHugh, Pre sident across the count ry. Think ab out it. lew Mexico Chapter, AIA SOUTHERN 6 UNION Dear Editor : GAS In your March-April, 1964, issue of New Mexico Architecture, you include an article discussing changes COMPANY in the design for the Legislative and Executive Building for the Cap itol of New Mexico.

24 NMA May· Jun e '64 In your article, you did not mention the principal the town I had remembered nostal gicall y as I drove reason why the architects, W. C. Kru ger and Associates across the tabl eland of Old Castile? How could I (whom you also do not menti on ) were asked to make have forgo tten the utter desolation of [orth Fourth the change, and that is the fact that San ta Fe possesses Street, the sign board j ungle that is Central Avenue, the an Historical Zoning Ordi nan ce (decl ared constitutiona l aspha lt wast lands, the impudent assaults of gas stations by the Supreme Court of New Mexico) and that the and drive-ins, the gloomy disarray of half- empty, never­ Capitol complex lies within the area pr otected by the ending str ings of jerry-built stores? Not until the benign Ordinance. The latter requires that new buildings con­ shadows of night swallo wed up this ugliness could for m with the spirit of the City's traditional arc hitectural sensitive eyes find relief. Even then, alas, one could styles. not blot out a comprehension of the English langua ge Thi s is a type of conserv ation measure adopted by 50 as not have to understand those blatant neon signs ! an increasing number of American cities to pr otect In the course of a few days at home, however , I their histori cal areas at a time when these areas are aga in learned to accommodate myself to my oid en­ tending to lose their character. I am sure you will agree vironment, to block out this ugliness by simply not that if a large non-conf orming building were pr oposed using my eyes. There was no other solution. Why in­ to be erected in the Vieux Carre' in New Orl ean s, or flict useless suffering on ones sense of vision? Self­ on Beacon Hill in Boston, the authorities would have flagell ati on is old fashioned. been desperatel y concerne d to pr event it. That is ex­ But people with their eyes closed will not do actly what happened in Santa Fe when the Mayor, an much for the visual improvement of their community. unanimous Council and an aroused citizenry petitioned And what our cities need are not artists skilled in over· the State to reconsider the design and substitute instead lookin g but seers - seers who not only see and judge one com patible with the archit ectural tradition of the for themselves but who work to open the eyes of a historical area of the City. The latter was fortu nate in community to its condition and lead it to a better state having the State acquiesce. of being. With regard to your conune nts on deviati ons fr om Now all archit ects and citizens interested enough the Master Pl an, pr epared by Associated Architects of to read this magazine should be seers - and do-ers. San ta Fe and approved by a pr evious Capitol Build­ lf you haven't had the expe rie nce late of takin g a fresh ings Improvements Commissio n, of which I was a look at your home town you should tr y it. And if you member, I would like to remind you that I voted for can't manage a six-month prepar ator y trip to Spa in, that Master Plan " with commendation" (with exception a very effective substitute will be a look at Mr. Peter of indi vidu al buildings which I felt should be closer Blake's new book, God's Own Junkyard. in spiri t with the tradi tional historical zoning ordinance You can read it in a coup le of hours. And it will of Santa Fe ). I have not been consulted on matters of shock you into action. reloca tion of buildings in relation to the Master Pl an Essentia lly the book is a ser ies of photographic as it originally existed. essays - usually orga nized on the "co mparative meth­ In fairness, will you please publish this letter in od." One side of the-page shows wha t nature pr ovided, New Mexico A rchitecture? the other, what man has done to it. Some times the con tras t ind icates what man is capable of doing at his Sincerely, best in opposition to what he usually does. John G.Meem By way of text there are eleven short essays which vary in length from one to eight pages. Here Mr. Blake does a mas terful job of summarizing the folly of the new commun ities we are building so proudly and so bl indl y - building by the hundreds and thou sand s of NOTES ON READING acres in our subur bs and by the million-dollar-acre in redeveloped areas within our cities. In discussing the Peter Blake, GOD'S OW JU 'KYARD, TH EPLA ,_ latter, for exam ple, he says : ED DETERIORATIO OFAMERICA'S LA TD_ With a very, very few exceptions, our cities seem LO be headed for a grim future indeed - unless we de­ SCAPE, Holt , Rin ehart and Winston, New York , 1964, termine to make some radical changes. That future looks something like this: first, our cities will be inhabited Not too long ago I had a disqu ieting experience solely by the very poor (generally colored) and the very when returning home from a fairly long trip . For six rich (generally white )- plus a few divisions of police month s I had travelled Spain and southern Ital y on a to protect the latter from the former. Second, they will be pr imarily places to work in - places for office build­ kind of architectural field trip , but now I had come ings and for light industry. Third, they will become back to pick up the routine of life and teachin g. In totally ghettofied - not merely in terms of racial segre­ one important way, however, my home-coming was gation, but also in terms of usage : there will be office lackin g the usual reassurance and pleasure which en­ ghett os, industrial ghettos, apartment ghettos, amuse­ ment or cultural ghettos (like Manhattan's gold-plated velops the returning tra veler. The most memorable ex­ Rockefeller ghetto, Lincoln Center ), bureaucratic ghet­ peri ence of the return was the shock with which I real­ tos, shopping ghettos, medical-center ghettos. In other ized what a very ugl y place my home town was ­ words, there will be vir tually no mixed uses of streets what an aestheticall y ba rren and abandoned place! or of neighborhoods, so that most areas of the city will be alive for mere fractions of each day or week, and as During six month s architectural travel I had deserted as Wall Street on a weekend for the rest of learned to use my eyes to see. So now I looked at my the time. In short, we have lost, or are about to lose, the most important asset of any successful city: variety. old, familiar home territory with new eyes - enquir­ This choice - the great choice available to the city ing eyes which had forg otten the convenient habit of dweller of people, things - events - is, traditionally overlooking that which was ugly. I was shocked. Did I the principal difference in spirit Suburbia and the Metro­ actually live in such a hid eous community ? Was this polis . .

NMA May • June '64 25 Mr. Blake's manner of writing is a nimble and witt y as his an al ysis is perceptive. He spares none of us in searching out the causes for this horend ous me­ diocrity that our society is creating. He points to ra­ paciou s land speculators, moribund government reg · ulators, imperious business men, adv ertising soothsay­ ers, and a bemu sed public that ackn owledges no higher autho rity than the right of each indi vidual to use and abuse his pr operty as he want , no matter how adverse­ ly that effects the whole community. Even our artists and " intellec tua l elite" who sho uld have the vision to show the way toda y as they have in past generations, have lost their way in a futil e pursuit of transient novelt y. The depr essin g thin g about Mr. Blake's appraisal is that it is so acc urate. Th e "systematic uglification LOCATI ONS of the nited tates" goes forw ard with complete pub­ lic approval. Nature is recklessl y being eliminated. 514 41h 51.• N.W. nd the arrogant and barren enviro nment that we ar e 2 eH 3. 3521 substituting for nature is a frigteningl y accurate por­ 613 5an Maleo N E ~l;;75i ", trait of ourse lves, our country men and our society. - B. Bunting

BUILDERS CUT COSTS new mexico architecture nma PROVEN STRENGTH SELECT LUMBER Published bi-monthly by the N..w Mexico Chapt..r, Am ..ri

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS Albuquerque llIueprint Compan y ..._ 26 Albuquerque Gravel Products Com pa ny ..._ .. 8 Albuquerque Testing Laboratory .._.. . 16 Apache Lumber Co. _. ._ _ . 10 All"" Iluilding Products ... .. 8 Blue Streak Reproduction. _._._ _ _. ._. ..16 B1u mcr a Ct of Pittsburgh ...... 4 DIA L 242·5221 • Broadway Lumb..r Co. _...... _ ...... __.._ _ ._.. .._._.__26 Build..r·. III""k & Stone Co .. Inc. _ .__.__. .. 14 Crego B1""k Co .. Inc. 22 Culli ga n Water Conditioning, Inc. 11 Don J. Cummings Co.• Inc. ._. 13 General Pumice Corpor at ion 12 R~· Hanley Paint Ug. Co.. In c. 18 b L Hunter-Hay... Elevator Co. 22 Hydro Conduit Corporation 15 utg Y Y DKCK Kinney Brick Company. In c. 17 Lydick Roofing Co. .__.. 26 liII ..r & S m ith 1I1Cll'. Co.. Inc. 20 A good name In roofing for over 70 years ilionarch Tile lIIanufacturing. Inc. . 2 Mountain States T'telephone _._. ._.._ _ .__. 11 New lII..xico Marble & Tile _. 12 N..w Me xico Pipe Trades Indu.try ...__. 20 • ROOFING : Composition, Asbestos, Tile, Siote Orric.. Int..riors 8 Otto. Edgar D. & Sons, Inc. 28 •BUILT- UP ; Tor ond Grovel. Aspholt Portland C..ment Association 27 Sa n ta Fe Studio of Chu r ch Art _ 17 • CRUS HED MARBLE: White ond Colors Southern U n ion Gas Co. 24 Sout h wes t Vermiculite Co . .. 18 • ROOF DEC KS: Gypsum, Steel ond St ryco Sales , Inc. .______12 Lightweight Concrete decks 'I'rus-Jolst ._. . . 6 • CORR UGATED ASBESTOS and ASB ESTOS SIDING Wellborn Paint IIUg . Co. _ 11 • SH EET METAL WORK MEMBER PUBLISHERS ARCHITECTURAL COMPON. •HEAT ING a nd AIR CONDIT ION ING • . ENTS. 21 Orricial Publica t ion. of Components of Th .. • Ameri ca n In atitute of A rchitects in 30 key states, National AdvertisinlC Representatives: P ete r Bo vis &: Associates. 1180 Av enue of the A mer icas, New York 36, N. Y. Phone LT 1-17 80 LYDICK ROOF ING COMPANY Branch offices at 505 Park Aven ue. D..troit, Mich . ; 740 Rush Street, Chicago. III. 606 11; 929 16t h Stree t . Miami Beach. F1a.; 271 N. Canon Drive. Bev..rly H llls , Calif.; Statler Office Building, Bos­ 247-0401 ton. MWlS. 1625 Williams S.E. Albuquerque, N. M. Ar..a R..presentativ.., W . M. Bri ttelle, Sr., 301-D Graceland Drive S.E., Al buquerqu e, N. M. Tel . 255·7560.

26 NMA Ma y - Ju ne '64 ~------~ I exposed aggregates I Prepared as a service to architects by Portland (e~ent Associati~n I a.i.a.file:4a L ~~~~t:;!.!~ I ,' ..-s~...:RJ;2~.. AiJiRJ S I Exposed aggregate provides concrete surfaces of unusual beauty and variety. To emphasize the gleaming freshness, true colors and textures of the aggre­ gate, architects, today, choose concrete made with white portland cement. It is also an excellent tinting base for mineral coloring pigments. Reveal of precast concrete panels is largely determined by aggregate size. When panels are to be viewed relatively close, less reveal is needed. When panels are some distance from the main flow of pedestrian traffic, greater reveal is required for a rough textured look. Polished panels of pastel colors tend TABLE OF COMMON COMMERCIAL AGGREGATES to appear white when viewed from a SIZE USES SOURCE** -' COLOR RANGE distance due to the high reflectance of GLASS· 1< !tJ"-1 V2" stained glass, Mich., N.J., Texas brilliant and almost the surface. U walls, panels unlimited ranges CERAMIC I ~ !tJ"-1 V2" curtain wall Ark., Ariz., Mich. any color Shown at right is a table which dem­ ~ -c panels, onstrates the unlimited range of colors ornamental work possible with commercial aggregates and SAND i I fine to coa rse plain or sculp- all areas white-buff-yellow white cement. tured panels Write for additional free information PEBBLES I !tJ"-6" tilt-up walls, west & southeast white-red-orange- Vl panels, walkways (U.S. and Canada only.) -' buff-black MARBLE I ~ V2"-2" curtain wall all areas white-red-buff- w panels yellow-black 3A"-2V2" tilt-up walls, midwest & west VISIBILITY SCALE GRANITE Ii red-gray-buff- panels, walkways dark blue-black aggregate size distance at which texfure is visible QUARTZ I V2"-2" curtain wall east, west, south white-pink-gray- !tJ"-V2" 20- 30 feet panels & midwest clear I V2"-I" 30- 75 feet I 1"-2" 75-125 feet *Rea ctivity: some glasses may react with alkalis **List of manufacturers available. 2"-3" 125-175 feet in the cement to cause expansion. Consult glass manufacturer to determine if glass is reactive.

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