N e w s & V i e w s f r o m t h e S u s t ai n ab l e S o u t h w e s t

Native American Green Indigenous Solutions

August 2015 Northern New Mexico’s Largest Distribution Newspaper Vol. 7 No. 8 2 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 3 Free Solar Power! • “Zero Cost” solar possible ➜ Loan payments = reduction of your utility bill • “40% off” with solar tax credits! • Call for Free solar advice for homes and businesses • Increase the resale value of your home! Solarize Santa Fe! A City and County Campaign Call for Free Solar Advice: 505.992.3044 [email protected]•www.santafecountynm.gov

4 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Vol. 7, No. 8 • August 2015 Issue No. 76 Publisher Green Fire Publishing, LLC Skip Whitson News & Views from the Sustainable Southwest Associate Publisher Barbara E. Brown Winner of the Sustainable Santa Fe Award for Outstanding Educational Project Editor-in-chief Contents Seth Roffman Indigenous as a Way of Life. .. 7 Art Director Anna C. Hansen, Dakini Design Leadership Institute at the Santa Fe Indian School ...... 8 ummer olicy cademy oices of our ndigenous outh Copy Editors S P A : V I Y ...... 9 Stephen Klinger Tribal Infrastructure Solutions in New Mexico . 12 Susan Clair Red Power 3.0. 13 Webmaster: Karen Shepherd Update: The Santo Domingo Heritage Trail Arts Project. 15 Contributing Writers Dave Castillo, Aliyah Chavez, Carnell Chosa, Everyday Green: Paths of Beauty – An Exhibit at the Poeh Center...... 17 Tracey Cordero, Scott Davis, Susan Guyette, Alejandro López, Rita Martinez, Mara Keres Children’s Learning Center at Cochiti Pueblo...... 18 Matteson, Harlan McKosato, Ada Pecos Melton, David J. Melton, Trisha Moquino, The Cochiti Youth Experience: Project Laughing Corn ...... 19 Raquel Redshirt, Seth Roffman, Delores E. Roybal, Kenneth T. Romero, Brian Vallo, The Chamiza Foundation . . .. . 20 Stephen Wall, Christian White Nambé Pueblo Receives Community Agriculture Grant...... 21 Contributing Photographers Tailinh Agoyo, Anna C. Hansen, Alejandro A ‘People’s Garden’ at Zuni Pueblo...... 21 López, Seth Roffman, Kenneth T. Romero The Journey of Becoming a Man. 22 PUBLISHER’S ASSISTANTs ribal reen eentry outh rograms ncorporate ulture Cisco Whitson-Brown T G R Y P I C ...... 22 Advertising Sales Homemade Solar Ovens in Navajo Country ...... 24 Skip Whitson 505.471.5177 [email protected] Navajo Newsbites. 24 Anna C. Hansen 505.982.0155 The Warrior Project . 31 [email protected] Native Newsbites . 7, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 28 Robyn Montoya 505.692.4477 [email protected] Newsbites . 31, 37 Lisa Powers, 505.629.2655 What’s Going On:. . . . 38 [email protected] Niki Nicholson 505.490.6265 [email protected] Albuquerque: Shelley Shilvock 505-492-5869, [email protected] Distribution Barbara Brown, Susan Clair, Co-op Dist. Services, Nick García, Niki Nicholson, Andy Otterstrom (Creative Couriers), Daniel Rapatz, Tony Rapatz, Wuilmer Rivera, Andrew Tafoya, Skip Whitson, Circulation: 30,000 copies Printed locally with 100% soy ink on 100% recycled, chlorine-free paper Green Fire Times c/o The Sun Companies P.O. Box 5588, SF, NM 87502-5588 505.471.5177 • [email protected] © 2015 Green Fire Publishing, LLC Green Fire Times provides useful information for community members, business people, students and visitors—anyone interested in discovering the wealth of opportunities and resources in the Southwest. In support of a more sustainable planet, topics covered range from green businesses, jobs, products, services, entrepreneurship, investing, design, building and energy—to native perspectives on history, arts & culture, ecotourism, education, sustainable agriculture, regional cuisine, water issues and the healing arts. To our publisher, a more sustainable planet also means maximizing environmental as well as personal health by minimizing consumption of meat and alcohol. Some of the 2015 Project Hii Hii’ Kah (Laughing Corn) mentors and mentees at Cochiti Youth Experience’s Green Fire Times is widely distributed throughout tool distribution at the beginning of the season. (See story, pg. 19) © Jayson Romero north-central New Mexico. Feedback, announcements, event listings, advertising and article submissions to be Dragonfly Altar, gouache on paper, 1991. Painting by Douglas Johnson considered for publication are welcome. COVER:  www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 5 Nutrena Animal Feeds: There’s feed. And then there’s nutrition.™

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6 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Indigenous as a Way of Life Stephen Wall

“I think that when we talk about re-indigenization we need a much larger, bigger umbrella to understand it. It’s not necessarily about the Indigenous people of a specific place; it’s about re-indigenizing the peoples of the planet to the planet.” – John Mohawk, Original Instructions pg. 259. (Emphasis in original article)

The Jemez River near Zia Pueblo, New Mexico Defining “Indigenous” th he word indigenous is defined as “originating in and characteristic of a particular and Hispanic—and set the stage for the changes we saw in the 20 century. Policies and region or country” (Dictionary.com). While this definition applies to almost anything, programs set in Washington, D.C., over 2,000 miles away, took land-use prerogatives away Tin today’s world the word indigenous is often used to describe a people; that is, the people from the indigenous people. Resource extraction and development were designed for the who originally lived and still live in a particular region or area and who have had to adjust benefit of outside investors rather than those who lived on and drew sustenance from the to outsiders coming into their land. In today’s world, with a history of colonialism and land. The population of New Mexico grew from 360,000 in 1920 to a bit more than two economic migration, indigenous has political and cultural overtones. However, this article is million today. While a small portion of that population growth is the natural growth of not about the rights of indigenous people vis-à-vis colonial powers and settler communities. the indigenous populations, most have been newcomers, spurred on to New Mexico by the This article is based on the above-stated sentiments of John Mohawk, a Seneca scholar, and growth of the defense industry and other business opportunities. These newcomers brought the need for humans to see themselves as indigenous to planet Earth. land-use ideas, water-use practices and environmental ethics that are not born of this land and not part of the reciprocal relationship with the Río Grande Valley. We become more indigenized as we understand the land, sky and other natural phenomena as metaphor within our lives and psyches. Thus, indigeneity in New Mexico is not defined solely through a racial or ethnic lens but is based on the practices and ethics that flow from the land itself and ensure the sustainability of life. Those who act in a manner attuned to that flow might be considered indigenous. Neither those who see this place as a way station on the road to bigger and better things nor those who place the creation of personal wealth at the expense of community and future generations will have the insight and perception to interact with the land in a manner that generates indigeneity. © Seth R offman (2) A Short History of Deindigenizing John Mohawk interviewed Hopi elders David Monongye (next to cane) and Nelson H. in Regardless of ancient astronaut theories, humans are indigenous to planet Earth and have, Hotevilla, Arizona. Interpreter Thomas Banyacya, sitting between them, translated. 1983. over thousands of years, developed ways of life that existed in relative balance with the places of their habitation. While examples of overuse of resources, forced migrations and For the purpose of this article, the particular region or area in focus is the Río Grande population die-offs exist, when we consider the extent of human habitation, these occurrences, Valley, including the watersheds and tributaries that contribute to the Río Grande. This continued on page 26 would include Río Abajo (below La Bajada), Río Arriba (above La Bajada), the San Luís Valley, ríos Jémez, Puerco, Galisteo and Chama, and the creeks and canyons that make up First Nations L.E.A.D. Institute Conference the headwaters of all these rivers. Ecologically, the Río Grande Valley contains much of the santa fe, nm • sept. 22–24 same animal and plant life found in surrounding bioregions, such as west to the Colorado For 35 years, First Nations Development Institute has Plateau or east towards the Llano Estacado. However, the presence of the Río Grande riparian worked with Native nations and organizations to strengthen environment provides some plant and animal diversity and food security. American Indian economies and support healthy Native communities. As an extension of that mission, First Nations’ For the past several hundred years, the indigenous peoples of the Río Grande Valley included L.E.A.D. conference is designed to help emerging and the Pueblo, Navajo, Apache and Utes. These people came to the Río Grande Valley for similar existing leaders in Indian Country grow professionally, share reasons that bring people today: economic forces, changing weather conditions and the search ideas and learn new asset-building skills. for a safer, more secure place to live. These peoples brought with them an ethic that recognized The 20th annual L.E.A.D. conference will be held at the Hilton Buffalo Thunder Resort, the reciprocity and relationship necessary for sustainable living within the ecosystem. near Santa Fe, Sept. 22 - 24. It is geared for Native American nonprofit professionals, Native Americans interested in launching or expanding nonprofit or philanthropic The arrival of Juan de Oñate, in the late 1500s, brought new animals and a new people to the organizations, tribal leaders and those in tribal organizations, tribal economic- Río Grande Valley, and over the next 400 years those people indigenized into the rhythms development professionals and those interested in Native American food sovereignty. and spirituality of the land. Generations of Hispanic settlers have grown to be a part of the Attendance at the event is required for many of First Nations’ grantees, but a limited land because they understood that the Earth was the Mother that provided food, clothing, number of seats are open to the general public. shelter and all that they needed. This year’s conference will include three training tracks: Empowering Native Youth through Asset-Building, Strengthening Tribal and Community Institutions, However, change came to the Río Grande Valley. The 20th century brought dramatic and Nourishing Native Foods and Health. Conference registration fee is $475. transformations for the people and the land. Americans came after 1848 in search of wealth Registration, conference logistics and agenda and opportunities for sponsors and and fortune. They changed the traditional land-use patterns of the indigenous people—Indian vendors can be found at www.FirstNations.org/2015LEAD

www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 7 Leadership Institute at the Santa Fe Indian School Carnell Chosa

he Leadership Institute at the issues from diverse perspectives; and Santa Fe Indian School (LI) was the Summer Policy Academy, a Pueblo Testablished in 1997 to create opportunities youth summer intensive that introduces for discourse on a wide range of public the youth to tribal, state, national and policy and tribal community issues international policy issues and requires that were challenging the vitality and them to implement community service spirit of New Mexico’s tribal nations. projects in their respective communities. Through 15 programs designed and Community Institute participants serve implemented by LI cofounders Regis as faculty to the Summer Policy Academy © Seth R offman Pecos, Carnell Chosa and staff, the LI and mentor its students. The two projects 2015 Summer Policy Academy students participating in a unit on advocacy uses a Pueblo community core values- have served more than 4,000 participants, with PNM’s Cathy Newby based lens to strengthen four themes that including 200 Summer Policy Academy of their academic interests, professional students throughout the world, including run throughout the institute’s programs: graduates. careers, Indigenous Knowledge Systems the Saami in Norway and the Maori in community service, leadership, public (IKS), and justice, as they related to 10 New Zealand. One of the more recent programs the LI policy and critical thinking. critical issue areas related to Pueblos, Another innovative element to the conceived is the Pueblo Indian Doctoral identified by LI participants over the program was the dissertation. It was From the beginning, two programs Cohort. In 2012, through support course of 15 years. have provided a foundation for the from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, designed so that each individual’s LI: Community Institutes, a convener the LI partnered with Arizona The institute’s four dissertation served to contribute to think tank designed to bring community State University’s School of Social collective products in the form of a members together to address pressing Transformation to design and implement themes: community Pueblo Doctoral Cohort book, edited a doctoral training program service, leadership, by project principals, Drs. Bryan Brayboy focused on the LI’s work in public policy and and Elizabeth Sumida Huaman, and an Pueblo communities. Ten article in a special edition of the Journal inaugural cohort members, critical thinking of American Indian Education, edited each with more than 15 What made the Pueblo Indian Doctoral by Drs. Terri McCarty and Tsianina years of professional work Cohort successful was the special Lomawaima. The final piece to the experience, graduated in attention to design and delivery. All dissertation required development of May 2015. Cohort members scholars remained in New Mexico and a policy position paper focused on included attorneys, maintained their professional careers each scholar’s area of research. Each of educators, nonprofit leaders, during their course of study. Courses were these policy papers is currently being health professionals and delivered in four ways: students traveling implemented. business leaders. The to Tempe, professors traveling to New “Our people’s contributions in the areas curriculum design allowed Mexico, video conferencing and course of science, architecture and philosophy L-R: June Lorenzo, Richard Luarkie, Anthony Dorame, each student to explore and travel modules in which the cohort took Carnell Chosa, Michele Suina, Shawn Abeita, Ken have kept our communities strong for research the intersections classes with other indigenous doctoral Lucero, Corrine Sanchez, Jose Vince Lujan, Mark Ericson many generations. This opportunity provided each of us to contribute another layer in maintaining and building upon New Mexico’s ReplaceMeNt wiNdow expeRt the Pueblo way of life,” said Dr. Corrine Sanchez, executive director of Tewa Women United. Our Energy Quest Vinyl Windows by Glass-Rite are made in New Mexico for New Mexico. Eurocentric academic research in t Glass-Rite, we tailor our products to New Mexico indigenous communities has often had Aclimate and conditions. Our area gets very HOT, very destructive effects. The graduates were COLD, and very WINDY. We have designed our replacement motivated in part by the belief that windows to take these unique climate factors into account, research conducted by Native American scholars in their homelands will likely be so that you can have a quality window that is suited to OUR more ethical and culturally responsive. climate. We are a local manufacturer that is nationally certified. A second cohort of doctoral and masters We manufacture and install Glass Rite Energy Quest win- students will begin in late fall 2015. i dows as well as Jeld Wen wood clad windows and doors. Carnell Chosa, Ph.D. Window replacement has been our specialty for 30 years! ( Jemez Pueblo) is co- director of the Leadership 808 Gibson SE, Albuquerque, NM Institute at Santa Fe Phone: 505-764-9899 • Toll free: 1-800-824-1005 Indian School. CTChosa@ www.glass-rite.com sfis.k12.nm.us

8 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Summer Policy Academy Voices of our Indigenous Youth

Christian White

The SPA gave me a new outlook and quoted his grandfather, Frank Tenorio, perspective on policies and brought in a discussion about environmental multiple indigenous representatives sustainability. His concerns about the together, giving me a sense of how many environment motivate his research for of us have similarities in government his Senior Honors Project. Drawing on and in the traditional ways of life. their own knowledge and upbringing, – Tyrell Westika (Zuni Pueblo, tough issues are never left off the SPA Fellow) table and, in fact, are dissected to understand underlying causes such as My experience at SPA was great! It helped Corrine Sanchez © D r. discrimination and historical trauma. me broaden my mind and gain knowledge 2015 Summer Policy Academy students at the New Mexico State Capitol I can use to help my community. It was also The Leadership Institute (LI) hosts fun meeting new people and learning why the SPA every year, along with several removal, the Reservation Period, Indian made a video of her experiences and they were here. – Sunny Rose Eaton other institutes, to focus and guide the Reorganization, and self-determination. presented it to an audience of more (Tesuque Pueblo, SPA Fellow) development of potential tribal leaders than 300 community members. Tafoya Although it is initially not a welcoming as they talk about important issues. describes the project as, “one of the There has been a lot said about the history for young student fellows to SPA is a three-year fellowship for most intense two weeks…I learned a lot sacredness of our land, which is our body; be introduced to, Pecos focuses on the high school students to engage in the about my community and also myself. and the values of our culture, which is our strengths of the surviving communities. policy-making process, shifting from It was fun and definitely one of my best soul; but water is the blood of our tribes, Even though federal and state agencies local, state and national perspectives. experiences.” and if its life-giving flow is stopped or have made great efforts to eliminate it is polluted, all else will die, and the Throughout the program, students Native peoples, the fact that Native many thousands of years of our communal have heard from guest speakers such communities still exist and thrive A three-year fellowship existence will come to an end. – Frank as Kelly Zunie (Secretary of Indian reflects their fortitude. Throughout for high school students Tenorio (San Felipe Pueblo), 1978 Affairs), Ken Lucero (tribal liaison for Pecos’s presentations, he emphasizes to engage in the policy- Martin Heinrich), Phoebe Suina (High Native people’s history of cultivating yrell Westika and SunnyRose Water Mark, LLC), Carmen López young tribal leaders, such as the fellows. making process Eaton are two of the 17 (College Horizons), Mark Erickson, This reinforces the necessity for well- With the completion of the student Texceptional student fellows who have Ph.D. (SFIS), Robert Tenorio (Kewa informed tribal youth and their potential fellows’ projects, the students received positioned themselves as young tribal potter) and many others. SPA partners for contributing to their communities. certificates and a gift of a laptop for their leaders at the Santa Fe Indian School’s with organizations such as the Native dedication. It was another successful For Native people, leadership is pivotal 2015 Summer Policy Academy (SPA). American Voting Alliance (NAVA), year for the SPA. The graduating to their community’s survival. The These individuals originate from the Tewa Women United, IMPACT students now move on to SPA II, where New Mexico pueblos rely on their 19 pueblos of New Mexico and other Personal Safety, American Indian Law they will travel to Washington, D.C., to governmental administrations, along Southwest tribes. Together, they are Center (AILC) and the University propose bills to U.S. senators. Having with traditional leadership, to maintain a learning about policy and how it of New Mexico’s Center for Native graduated more than 200 fellows, balance between external political factors affects them on personal, family and American Health. These partnerships the SPA is approaching its 10-year and the need to preserve the cultures community levels. allow the fellows to travel to experience anniversary. Through its longevity, the passed down from their ancestors since different learning environments. They SPA and the LI have demonstrated their time immemorial. New Mexico have also visited the state capitol, importance to the Native communities Taos and the Indian Pueblo Cultural At the end of the SPA program, each of New Mexico. i pueblos rely on Center in Albuquerque. The activities student works on a community-based Christian White is currently an intern at the their governmental and workshops have uniquely touched project that allows him or her to put Leadership Institute at SFIS. He graduated administrations, upon the LI’s issue areas of governance, newly found knowledge into practice. from Columbia law, health, art, economy, language Students have worked on creating University this along with traditional and education, as represented within programs, researching Native history, spring with a Pueblo communities. double major leadership. building parks and bridging gaps in in political their communities. Each fellow chooses Their goal is to explore the many ways The fellows are immersed in discourse science and in a challenge within his or her community they can contribute and help their around what constitutes policy, what race and ethnic and creates a project to raise awareness studies. White native communities. Although most are kinds there are, and effective ways policy or help fix issues such as language loss, cofounded a still just completing high school, they can be changed. Regis Pecos, codirector drug abuse, water and land issues, just nonprofit organization called AlterNATIVE have been discussing issues that concern of the LI, has shared his knowledge Education and is active in social-justice issues. to name just a few. tribal governments today, such as and incorporated “The 100 Years of He will be attending UNM in the fall to blood quantum, land and water rights, Federal Indian Policy” in his teaching. Caitlyn Tafoya, who currently lives in pursue his master’s degree. cultural preservation, environmental This history has provided the backbone Albuquerque, wanted to learn more protection and language loss. Another for the program, with such topics as the about her language and her community, fellow, Eddie Humetewa, a SFIS senior, Pueblo Revolt, treaty-making, Indian so she lived with her family in Taos, www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 9 710 Paseo del Pueblo Sur, Suite J Taos, New Mexico 800.353.1991 575.758.1991 www.taosherb.com Wild crafted herbal extracts Essential oils Ceremonial herbs

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www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 11 Tribal Infrastructure Solutions in New Mexico Harlan McKosato

ome of the poorer tribal communities in New Mexico have been compared The Pueblo of Ohkay to Third World countries because of their economic struggles and their lack Owingeh (formerly San Sof modern water and energy systems. Most of the state’s Pueblo villages, Navajo Juan Pueblo) has had great chapter houses and Apache tribal communities are isolated and have little or no success leveraging TIF access to the already poor infrastructure in the Land of Enchantment. funds. It was awarded A decade into the 21st century, the White Rock chapter of the Navajo Nation in $150,000 for planning of the western part of the state was in desperate need of basic electrical power lines. a wastewater treatment The Pueblo of Santa Clara in northern New Mexico still had no running water facility in 2014. This The Navajo Nation’s To’hajiilee chapter received $2 and no reliable water supply. Zia Pueblo had never had indoor plumbing because year they were awarded million over two funding cycles (2013/2014) from New it had no wastewater treatment facilities. $155,000 for design of Mexico’s TIF for its Emergency Management Field a community wellness Office Planning/Design and Construction. The chapter “Each tribe or pueblo in New Mexico is at a different level of progress in terms center. Diabetes has completed planning and design and recently broke ground for construction on the facility. of economic development and community development,” said Kelly Zunie, a increased by 5 percent at member of the Pueblo of Zuni and secretary of the New Mexico Indian Affairs Ohkay Owingeh during the past five years, largely due to lack of physical exercise, Department. “Some are still trying to get the basics—water and power.” and 24 percent of the youth in the community are overweight or obese by the time they enter high school.

Poorer tribal communities in New Mexico have “We have a very high rate of childhood obesity. We have no physical education (program) been compared to Third World countries. in our tribal school or our Head Start,” said Christy Mermejo, planning manager for Ohkay Owingeh. “We just built a brand new school with tribal funds. Next to our school In response to these poor living conditions and after much collaboration with there’s an old BIA building that needs to come down so we can build a gymnasium.” tribal leaders, in 2005, former New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson signed into law the Tribal Infrastructure Act. The law requires that the state allocate 5 percent of This year Ohkay Owingeh also received $476,500 for construction for waterline its estimated oil and gas severance tax—from $9 million to $16 million dollars improvements. The waterlines in the pueblo were installed in the early 1960s. Tribal annually—for use by the Tribal Infrastructure Fund (TIF) to award qualified officials explain that should the existing waterlines fail they are not repairable— critical tribal infrastructure projects. which would cause hundreds of people in the pueblo to be without water for a long period. A reliable water-delivery system is critical to the safety of the residents. Tribes are eligible to apply in three areas: planning, design and construction. This year’s TIF cycle awarded $12.3 million to 25 different tribal communities. Since its “It will bring us safe drinking water and fire suppression. If we had a fire right now inception, TIF has awarded more than $83 million to tribal infrastructure projects we don’t have waterlines that have the capacity to put out a fire,” said Mermejo. “The across the state. The TIF is overseen by the Tribal Infrastructure Board, which basic human need of water, most people don’t think about it when they live in the city. evaluates and decides on the awardees, and both are administratively attached to If we don’t start replacing these lines, our members won’t even have access to water.” the New Mexico Indian Affairs Department. “I recently met with Navajo Nation President Russell Begaye,” said Zunie, who also “One of the (Navajo) chapters did not have running water,” said Zunie, the first serves as chair of the Tribal Infrastructure Board. “He said woman to lead the nation’s only Indian Affairs Department given state cabinet the state of Arizona (where most of the Navajo Nation level authority. “They were able to get TIF funding for water. The community is located) doesn’t have anything like this for the tribes. I was so excited. Just to hear the elders so excited to have indoor plumbing —their think that speaks volumes. Even with budget crunches we quality of life has improved greatly. still keep rolling because it helps to change lives.” Harlan McKosato is the director of NDN Productions, a multimedia “I was thinking, this is America. This is like having Third World countries in company based in Albuquerque. He is a citizen of the Sac and Fox America,” said Zunie. “I think the state of New Mexico has taken that into account. Nation of Oklahoma. Other states don’t have this kind of funding for tribes.”

12 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Red Power 3.0 Dave Castillo

uring colonial times, Native warriors—men and women—defended and advocated for their peoples and homelands. Although today the number of American Indians andD homelands to defend are much smaller, we are, nonetheless, visible and potent. From the 1950s through the Civil Rights era, intrepid and inspired Native people coined the term Red Power and fought to remind Washington, D.C., policymakers that we were still here and that a seat at the table was an inherent right for Native peoples and Native nations. Today, recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples informs global policy along with popular notions of our shared obligations to the planet we all call home. The United States has seemingly reached some zenith of technological innovation and economic H ousing Authority Courtesy Northern Pueblos’ Picuris Pueblo built a net-zero-energy fire station for its remote community. A prosperity and, yet, Native nations lack access to critical public infrastructure, and many combination of grants and loans with government guarantees, as well as support from remain the most impoverished communities, even by global standards. Today, tribal nations the Southwest Native Green Loan Fund, were key elements for assembling the funds are offering solutions and setting examples for tribes in the quest for equitable access to necessary for this state-of-the-art green building. resources needed for the health and well-being of their communities. it’s helpful to remind ourselves of the battles of the past, some of which Indian people Native people have always adapted to their surroundings. Current-day adaptations require continue to fight. modifying tools designed for poverty-stricken inner cities, not tribal communities. These The last armed conflict between an Indian Nation and a foreign power was in 1917 on tools have been in use for at least 30 years and are a far cry from federal grant- and what is now the Crow Reservation in Montana. Yet, the potential for armed conflict entitlement programs of decades past. These tools treat public-sector grant funds as seed remains. Most recently, in the Southwest, disputed political boundaries imposed by the capital and magnify the funds’ impact by leveraging nonfederal financing. These programs United States have escalated conflicts between the Navajo and Hopi tribes. Not long ago, include a broad range of tax credits and federal loan guarantees, as well as equity capital an elderly Native American grandmother clutched a hunting rifle—in questionable shape and other investment opportunities. Native organizations and individuals responsible for but in use nevertheless—to defy removal from the land of her ancestors to satisfy the such accomplishments take pride in the projects built and say things such as, “This isn’t solutions arrived at by politicians. The situation remains much worse for our relatives in your typical government project; it’s high-quality materials and construction—the same other parts of the Americas. I was in Perú not a year after a confrontation between tribal as one might find in any off-reservation development.” men, women, children and elders from the Amazon region, who were defying petroleum exploration by multinational corporations in the last remaining vestiges of traditional If a grandma from a stark desert landscape and hunting and fishing grounds of multiple South American tribes. To quell that uprising,

outgunned rainforest dwellers are willing to take continued on page 33 up arms, shouldn’t we be willing to pick up a travel itinerary, a pen and a laptop? For political or practical reasons, some still dismiss the idea of using private-sector resources and debt capital to impact economically distressed communities. Although the political argument for maintaining the federal government’s liability, owing to its Trust responsibility and treaty obligations, is worth noting, the idea of not using such tools because of their complexity must be dismissed. Over the almost 20 years I’ve worked in tribal community and economic development, the difficulty associated with applying market solutions to communities that lack formal (capitalist) market economies has been raised many times. Elected tribal leaders, practitioners and professionals working on tribal economic development continue to have to deal with federal, state and local issues that make rebuilding Indian Nations a complex endeavor. These range from restrictive, federal land-use regulations—stemming from the Trust status of reservation lands across most of Indian Country—to blatantly hostile state governments and reluctant private-sector financial institutions. When the battle against such obstacles seems the most daunting,

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14 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com UPDATE: The Santo Domingo Heritage Trail Arts Project The First ArtPlace America/NEA Grant in Indian Country

Aliyah Chavez

anto Domingo Pueblo, sometimes known by its traditional name, Kewa, will, by the spring of 2016, be home to a 1.5-mile “Kewa Art Trail” connecting Stwo new affordable-housing developments to the Rail Runner station. That will allow pedestrians to safely walk to commute on the train to surrounding cities such as Albuquerque, Bernalillo and Santa Fe for employment, education, groceries, medical appointments, etc.

On eight nodes along the trail, Santo Domingo Pueblo artists such as Thomas Tenorio will showcase their work in the form of larger-than-life sculptures of traditional jewelry and pottery. Tenorio, a potter, said, “Nobody has really done anything like this. It’s a learning experience for me.” © Seth R offman Greta Armijo, Director, Santo Domingo Tribal Housing Authority

The Art Trail and the new housing developments are particularly unique, considering that the historically conservative tribal council is known to make decisions with little community input. However, ideas and feedback from tribal members were included in the conceptual and design phases. One thing they wanted was to create a way to safely access the Rail Runner.

The Art Walk is being created thanks to collaboration among the Santo Domingo Tribal Housing Authority (SDTHA), ArtPlace America and the National Endowment for the Arts. For the first ArtPlace America/NEA grant in Indian Country, ArtPlace has awarded the SDTHA $478,000 for the Art Walk’s construction. ArtPlace America seeks “to advance creative placemaking to emphasize the importance of art and culture in a community’s well being.”

The new Domingo Housing Project has been sited in proximity to the restored Santo Domingo Trading Post, 2.5 miles from the historic main village. Community members were interested in a return to traditional-style housing. Thus, buildings and landscape plans reflect historic design and planning patterns with interconnected walking and bike trails. A large, centrally located orchard will provide food and a gathering place for family activities. Rainfall will be carefully captured and directed to reduce irrigation demands. Housing units of varied sizes will be passive solar, with individual garden plots. The project includes a multi- purpose indoor-outdoor space for community meetings, childcare, tutoring and job training, as well as a community kitchen.

For more information on the trail project, visit www. artplaceamerica.org/grantee/santo-domingo-heritage-trail- arts-project or http://arts.gov/exploring-our-town/santo- domingo-cultural-district Aliyah Chavez (Santo Domingo) is an undergraduate at Stanford University, double-majoring in the comparative studies of race and ethnicity and in communication.

www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 15 Madelena Rediscovers Ancient Jemez Pueblo Pottery Process Joshua Madelena, an award-winning potter, self-taught archaeologist and recent governor of Jemez Pueblo, has recaptured an art form dating back 300 years: Jemez Pueblo’s distinctive black-on-white

pottery, which © Seth R offman (2) thrived from 1300 to 1700 but vanished with the Spanish reconquest. During 10 years of painstaking research and experimentation, Madelena analyzed broken shards to figure out the original recipe. In the process, he was able to track the Jemez peoples’ history to before 200 A.D., when the tribe was part of Utah’s Fremont culture. Through analyzing the pottery, along with clues in the Towa language, Madelena says a direct connection has been established between the Jemez people and early Puebloans at Mesa Verde. The Jemez people originally lived on top of the mesas that overlook their village. “Under the Tuscan Sun” Conquistadors drove them to the valley below as part of efforts to convert them exposition to Catholicism. On one of his treks up a mesa as part of his research, Madelena discovered an original mine from which he accessed clay to use in his attempts to July through September recreate the coiled pottery. Paint formulas came from his grandmother. Through trial and error, and many cracked pots, he figured out traditional pit firing. Madelena Featuring an art tower of Italian Landscapes exhibits his work each year at the Santa Fe Indian Market. New Mexico Women in the Arts To Honor by European artist, Raquel Sarangello Filmmaker Jill Momaday 2874 HWY 14 N Too often in American culture, the stories of great MADRID, NM men and women aren’t told until long after they’re gone. Filmmaker Jill Scott Momaday believes that the tradition of passing stories among generations is “the thread that connects all humanity.” On Sept. 10, the New Mexico Committee of Women in the Arts (NMCWA) will celebrate Jill Momaday at a gala entitled “Weaving Legend, Legacy and Landscape through Filmmaking.” Momaday is the director, producer and writer

of Return to Rainy Mountain, a documentary Gray © D arren Vigil about her father, Pulitzer Prize-winner N. Scott Momaday, and their Kiowa heritage as told from a woman’s perspective. The film (http://returntorainymountain.com) will air on PBS in 2016. Segments from the film-in-progress will be screened at the gala. In addition, N. Scott Momaday will read a poem he has composed in honor of his daughter Jill. The gala will also feature music and poetry performed byJ ill Momaday’s husband and daughters. The NMCWA was established in 1997 to support the museum’s mission to bring recognition to achievements of women artists in New Mexico. The gala fundraising dinner will take place on Sept. 10 at Four Seasons Rancho Encantado, in Santa Fe. Proceeds will benefit the NMCWA scholarship program. Tickets ($125) can be purchased online at www.NewMexicoWomenintheArts.org

Nakotah LaRance Nakotah LaRance (Hopi/Tewa/Assiniboine), 7-time World Hoop Dance Champion, recently returned from Toronto, Canada, where he was the star performer for the Cirque du Soleil– produced segment of the opening ceremony for the 2015 Pan American Games. LaRance was the principal dancer for the Cirque du Soleil show “Totem” and is the master instructor for the Pueblo of Pojoaque Youth Hoop Dancers. He resides in Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico.

16 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com EVERYDAY GREEN Paths of Beauty: Mountains, Water and Clouds An Exhibit at the Poeh Center – Aug. 20 – Nov. 14 Susan Guyette

i’po-wa-ve. You are invited to an Cultural Connections “balanced” weave. Pueblo embroiderers exceptional, interpretive glimpse Woven expressions of place, often process commercially produced Bof nature symbolism, as reflected in prayer, sacred animals and cosmos yarn—wool or acrylic—by re-spinning Pueblo ritual embroidery. A new transform and engage Pueblo people to tighten it, then soaking the yarn in exhibit opening at the Poeh Cultural in relationships with the world water to set it. Center and Museum this month, around them. The interplay between One unique aspect of Pueblo “Paths of Beauty,” honors the work of embroidery, native cosmology and embroidery is the stitch. Embroidery two renowned artists: Shawn Tafoya the continuity of Pueblo symbolism designs are in a negative pattern, with (Santa Clara and Pojoaque pueblos) renews cultural practice—as traditional large areas in dark colors forming and Isabel Gonzales ( Jemez Pueblo). embroidery designs reflect connections the background, and the white in nature and an expression of Pueblo Isabel Gonzales lives in San Ildefonso unembroidered areas forming the identity. It is said that each stitch is like Pueblo (through marriage). Her design. The unique stitch shown below the breath of life itself. Pueblo people Jemez Pueblo designs emphasize enables the embroiderer to cover a consider textiles “clothes of the spirits.” red, green and black associated with large area with the background color. the seasons, cardinal directions and “Paths of Beauty” cosmos. Gonzales receives embroidered textile orders from pueblo members honors two renowned throughout the villages. Shawn Tafoya artists: Shawn Tafoya has received several awards for his Shawn Tafoya embroidery embroidery and is also a renowned and Isabel Gonzales. sarweb.org/embroidery To learn more, see “The Language potter. In Pueblo custom, men often Pueblo cloth is used for ceremonial Spirituality of Contemporary Eastern Pueblo weave and embroider. Tafoya creates attire in many Pueblo dances and to and Nature Embroidery,” www.museum.upenn. ritual dance attire for his family and create a sanctuary for patron saints Songs, dances and prayer connect to the edu; and the School for Advanced community members. during feast days. Embroidered larger Pueblo cosmos. The foundation Research’s website: http://sarweb.org/ garments used for ceremonial of Pueblo religious life is maintenance embroidery purposes include the manta, of harmony, or balance, within the a shoulder blanket or wrap- The Poeh Center has extended an open context of nature. Symbolism, reflected around dress; the dance kilt, invitation for people to come explore by embroidered designs, honors either embroidered on the the meaningful contexts of Pueblo relationships with mountains, rain, bottom edge or along the embroidery and pottery, eat Pueblo plants, butterflies, clouds, flowers and two vertical edges; and dance food and celebrate with the Pueblo corn, as well as the dance plazas. In the sashes or belts, often woven on communities. The Poeh Cultural Center words of Shawn Tafoya: a table loom and embroidered. and Museum is located at Pojoaque They are the clothing of the Pueblo, 15 miles north of Santa Fe, just Embroidery classes are offered gods and dancers, off Highway 285/84, 78 Cities of Gold to pueblo members at the They are the clothing of our Road (www.poehcenter.org). i Poeh Arts Center. Textile sacred spaces, traditions date back more than our holy places, our homes, and us. Susan Guyette, Ph.D., is of Métis heritage 2,000 years, with yarn made of They are powerful and sacred, (Micmac Indian/Acadian French) and a and yes, planner specializing in cultural tourism, indigenous cotton, handspun They are beautiful. cultural centers, museums and native foods. and woven on upright looms She is the author into a balanced plain weave. P at h s o f B e a u t y : I s a b e l of Sustainable Over the centuries, both men Gonzales and Shawn Tafoya: Cultural Tourism: Small-Scale and women were weavers and Nature Connections in Pueblo Solutions; Planning embroiderers. mbroidery E . Opening Reception: for Balanced Aug. 20, 5 to 8 p.m. Free. The cotton textile used today Development; as a base for an embroidered and the co-author The exhibit’s curators are Lucy Fowler of Zen Birding: dance kilt or manta is monk’s Williams (University of Pennsylvania) Connect in Nature. cloth, a commercial cotton and Antonio Chavarria (Museum of susanguyette@nets. Isabel Gonzales cloth woven in either a plain or Indian Arts and Culture, Santa Fe). com www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 17 Keres Children’s Learning Center at Cochiti Pueblo Trisha Moquino, Tracey Cordero, Mara Matteson

n July 14, St. Bonaventure Day, center provides students with rigorous, Cochiti Pueblo celebrated its annual high-quality education while supporting Ofeast day, dancing in the ancient tradition them in learning their language during to songs sung in the Keres language. This the developmental period best suited annual celebration supports the Cochiti to language acquisition. Since opening, people and strengthens humanity’s KCLC has served 25 children in its cultural and linguistic diversity, which, like primary (preschool) classroom and biodiversity, is important for sustaining is preparing to open an elementary life on this planet. classroom for students ages 6 to 9 who will be starting their fourth year at KCLC. Located in northern New Mexico along the Río Grande, Cochiti Pueblo Reinforcing cultural is home to a tribe of more than 900 indigenous Americans. Full participation identity and language in community life requires knowledge of while advancing Cochiti’s original language, Keres. Future Good friends at end-of-year trip to Tent Rocks leaders of the tribe must know Keres in academic success and support will be key to our children Administration for Native Americans order to continue Cochiti traditions. In KCLC’s underlying goal is to provide retaining a worldview that centers on the (ANA). spite of over 20 years of tribal efforts to Cochiti children with the foundational importance of a communal perspective There is a deeply held Pueblo belief that preserve the language, today there are cultural and academic tools needed to rather than an individualistic one.” fewer than 10 fluent speakers under the become loving, responsible, thriving caring for the children makes the whole age of 20. adults. KCLC strives to provide an KCLC provides weekly seminars, community stronger and sustains the environment for children that will materials and techniques to assist in community’s individual and collective One reason for this is that formal, naturally allow them to both discover and the intergenerational transmission of well-being. “Helping sustain our Keres public, English-oriented education for practice self-discipline, critical-thinking Cochiti Keres. The seminars support language gives Cochiti children a chance Cochiti people has historically worked skills and peer relationships while always parents in strengthening or acquiring to retain a world view that is thousands of against bilingualism and biculturalism. using the Keres language and traditional Keres language skills themselves, so they years old and that still has a place in our Federal and state policies have been core values. KCLC board member can support their children in learning the world today,” said teacher and cofounder philosophically incompatible with Tracey Cordero explained, “KCLC language. Helping parents take a leading Trisha Moquino. “The teachings and traditional child-rearing approaches is the best of both worlds for Cochiti role in their children’s education also helps values passed on through our language of the tribe, which value participating children—reinforcing their cultural perpetuate Cochiti’s child-rearing beliefs. are worth our efforts because they help in community life, hands-on learning, identity and language while advancing us to be critical thinkers and responsible competence, respectful and responsible After three complete years at KCLC, their academic success. Fundamental to people. These children represent Cochiti citizenship and inner discipline. parents see their 5-year-old “graduates” KCLC’s teaching methods are the ways reclaiming control of the education of our not only speaking Keres among peers in which our own elders have taught us children and, in doing so, determining The Keres Children’s Learning Center and family but also reading and writing in and sustained our people. KCLC includes our future.” (KCLC) opened in 2012 as a preschool, English and solving addition, subtraction using Montessori child-centered elders’ guidance and input in all areas and multiplication problems. For more information, contact Trisha pedagogy in a Keres-language immersion of learning, from the language to the Moquino at 505.465.2185 or trisha@ setting, serving 10 Cochiti children curriculum. It is KCLC’s belief that the The tribal government of Cochiti Pueblo kclcmontessori.org between the ages of 2.5 and 6. The use of intergenerational life skills, love recognizes KCLC’s efforts in assisting young children to become bilingual and Trisha Moquino (Cochiti/Ohkay Owhingeh/ supporting their families’ bilingualism. Kewa) has taught in local public, private and BIA schools. Moquino realized that she KCLC operates with the tribal council’s wanted to provide a different educational blessing, as an independent nonprofit opportunity for her own daughters and other governed by a board comprising an equal Pueblo children, one that would support Keres number of tribal and nontribal educators language learning and cultural, as well as and professionals. To avoid English academic development. With those goals in language requirements embedded in mind, she cofounded the KCLC. federal and state funding for preschools, Tracey Cordero (Cochiti Pueblo) is a KCLC KCLC is primarily funded by private board member. She has worked in Cochiti foundations, which include Brindle, tribal government and was recently named a Chamiza, Lannan, McCune and the W.K. Fellow in the Native American Community Kellogg Foundation, as well as private Academy’s Inspired Schools Network (NISN). donations and $40 per child in monthly tuition from families. Additionally, in Mara Matteson taught at Cochiti School for 2014, KCLC received a three-year Esther many years and joined KCLC in 2014 to manage KCLC’s Esther Martinez Initiative Martínez Language Immersion grant Tortilla lesson ANA Grant. from the Health and Human Services’

18 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com The Cochiti Youth Experience Hii Hii’ Kah • Project Laughing Corn Article and Photos by Kenneth T. Romero

he Cochiti Youth Experience CYE’s main initiative, Project Hii Hii’ This year, the project has 10 adult (CYE) incorporated as a nonprofit Kah (Laughing Corn), is organized farmer-mentors, four elder mentors Tin 2008 and reorganized in 2010 around two objectives that support and more than 24 youth participants. as a way to promote healthy eating the goal of creating a local, sustainable Some previous youth participants have habits and lifestyle choices, create food economy for the pueblo: revitalize become mentors themselves. All attend opportunities for youth and address traditional cultural practices of monthly classes to learn hands-on health-related issues at the Pueblo of agriculture and food production; and farming methods and to be introduced Cochiti. Diets high in refined sugars bring elders and youth together in to scientific data. In partnership with a and processed and fast foods have meaningful mentoring relationships. local beekeeper, beekeeping training is taken their toll. As in many Native The project is in homage to Hii Hii’ Kah, also offered. The honey produced has Other Cochiti Youth communities, obesity, diabetes and a historically significant symbol in the been given to our elders. Experience Initiatives other problems are common, due in Cochiti tradition of joy and abundance, CYE has partnered with the Pueblo of part to the lack of local fresh fruits which includes cultural and personal We also hope to provide Cochiti Governor’s Office and Education and vegetables and consumption well-being. The preservation and surrounding areas with Department and the New Mexico patterns that have diverged from revitalization of community knowledge traditionally grown Children, Youth and Families Department traditional ways. Over 50 percent of and practices in growing, producing and (CYFD) to provide a free nutritious lunch tribal members living at Cochiti make a consuming local and traditional foods Pueblo fruits and to all children in the community during daily commute—20 to 60 minutes each are necessary for ensuring the pueblo’s the summer. The Summer Food Service way—to jobs off the reservation. Most cultural survival, physical and spiritual vegetables. Our plans are to increase not only our Program is administered by CYFD and households make the same commute at well-being and for increasing economic participant base but also the percentage funded through the U. S. Department least once a week to purchase groceries. self-sufficiency. of acreage within our ancestral homeland of Agriculture (USDA). CYE has also that produces fresh fruits and vegetables. assisted the pueblo’s Administration Crops grown have included white and Department in supporting youth and blue corn, red and green chile, squash, their parents in the preparation of watermelon and Indian melons, pinto traditional foods for ceremonial use and beans, radishes and tomatoes. At the in having a Cochiti youth participate in end of the season, harvests have been the Native Youth Leader Conference, sold at the Youth Farmers’ Market in “Revitalizing Wellness Through Food,” the pueblo. The majority of the money at the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center. generated goes to the youth farmers. A Plans include the creation of an Elder portion—decided by the participant—is Garden close to the senior center to given to CYE to support the following help bolster the physical and emotional year’s program. well-being of our elders, who may not be We intend to help enable our program physically able to work in tribal fields. This participants to travel to farmers’ markets will also provide opportunities to partner in surrounding urban areas, so that the younger children with elders. Creation Acoma and Santa Clara Pueblos of a Children’s Garden at the Keres Seek More Control of Their Schools produce they grow can be a sustainable economic opportunity. We also hope Children’s Learning Center could be a Acoma and Santa Clara pueblos want to be able to design classes that support that a permanent farmers’ market can foundation for planting seeds of interest the teaching of their Native languages. The two pueblos have been considering be created and maintained on the in traditional agriculture in younger taking on self-governance and having their schools become tribally—rather than reservation, providing surrounding children. Proposed plans also include a federally—operated. The federal Bureau of Indian Education (BIE—part of the centrally located orchard to grow apricots, BIA) would still pay for operational costs. areas with traditionally grown Pueblo fruits and vegetables. apples, cherries, plums and peaches. There The two pueblos, along with five other tribes across the country, received BIE funds was once an orchard on the eastern edge last month to develop their own curricula and school boards. The move reflects of the village; however, due to drought, it the Obama administration’s desire to help make tribes self-reliant. In recent and has been lost. current years, the BIE has provided an unprecedented amount of funding to build the capacity of tribal education departments. Our tribal council and tribal community TheS anta Clara Tribal Council has voted for the pueblo’s schools to be independent. recognize the importance of Project Hii Acoma is still deliberating. As part of the process of asserting sovereignty in Indian Hii’ Kah and are supportive of CYE’s education, the pueblos—Acoma, home to 5,000 tribal members, with two schools; work. The Cochiti Youth Experience is and Santa Clara, with 1,000 tribal members and two schools—would be able to seeking funding. Our programs are solely choose how much to spend on particular expenses in line with their priorities. funded by foundation grants and private The Pueblo of Jemez has implemented a Towa language-immersion approach in its donations. Head Start programs. The University of New Mexico’s American Indian Language Policy Research and Teacher Training Center is providing Native language Kenneth T. Romero is executive director of the curriculum design, development and implementation assistance to support Pueblo Cochiti Youth Experience, Inc. 505.220.9100, tribes’ vision for culturally based early-childhood development. [email protected], www.cochitiyouth.org www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 19 The Chamiza Foundation 26 Years of Support for Pueblo Communities Brian Vallo

stablished in 1989 by the late Gifford initiatives focus- Phillips and his wife, Joann, the Santa ed on language Fe–basedE Chamiza Foundation continues revitalization, to operate in the spirit in which it was cultural pre- envisioned; that is, to assist in the continuity servation, youth and living preservation of New Mexico’s development and Pueblo Indian communities. With a passion the revit-alization for the evolving arts and cultural traditions of traditional arts, of the (then) 19 pueblos, the Phillips family the foundation enlisted the guidance of their close friend, evaluated the Dr. Alfonso Ortiz, a scholar from Ohkay first proposals Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo), who and grants were would help them develop a framework for awarded. By 2014, long-term engagement with the pueblos. the Chamiza Foundation had Support for language contributed close revitalization, cultural to $14 million to preservation, youth the 19 pueblos in support of

development and hundreds of © Seth R offman revitalization of diverse projects. Chamiza Foundation board members visited Nambé Pueblo in 2014. traditional arts Grantees have also included Native American organizations closely with grantees during funding recognition honored the Phillips family Seeking to establish a foundation that that provide direct services to Pueblo people, periods, offering technical guidance and and their commitment to the Pueblo was responsive to the real needs of the partnerships and collaborations among administrative support. On annual field people, acknowledged the importance and tribal communities, and recognizing that Pueblo tribes and other special interest trips to the pueblos, the board has met with success of past and current projects and these needs would be best identified and groups engaged with Pueblo communities. administrators and tribal leaders, witnessed the dedication of past and current board articulated by Pueblo people themselves, projects in progress and interacted with members. the Phillipses sought out the assistance of Meaningful involvement of Pueblo people project participants. The foundation has others to serve as board members, including in the foundation’s development and The current Chamiza Foundation Board of also hosted community dialogues to help Dr. Joe Sando of Jemez Pueblo and Agnes grassroots grant making continues to be Directors comprises Joann Phillips and her evaluate the projects and their impacts. Dill of Laguna and Isleta pueblos. an essential part of how Chamiza operates. children, James Phillips, Marjorie Phillips Robust, candid discussions have provided Over the years, the foundation and its board Elliott and Alice Phillips Swistel, who After informing the pueblos of the new useful information about the communities’ have diligently worked to build relationships work closely with 11 other directors, nine financial resource available for tribal challenges and needs, as well as opportunities and trust with tribal communities, working of whom represent Pueblo communities, and aspirations for growth. After analyzing including the newest member, Trisha this information and incorporating many Moquino (Cochiti/Ohkay Owingeh/ First Nations Development Institute Awards suggestions, Chamiza’s grant making has Kewa), cofounder of the KCLC. native agriculture and food systems grants expanded to support specific needs. Philanthropy is not a new concept to Pueblo First Nations Development Institute has announced nine tribes and Native Since then, the foundation has awarded American organizations around the country that will receive grants through the people. The inherent values associated with multiyear project grants, as well as long- institute’s Native Agriculture and Food Systems Initiative (NAFSI). The NAFSI is caring for one another, offering and sharing, intended to help Native communities build sustainable food systems that will help term grants for tribal initiatives requiring and making a contribution towards the general eliminate food insecurity and enhance economic development in rural areas. The planning and development support. The welfare of the community remain an integral W.K. Kellogg Foundation makes the funding possible. Three innovative projects Keres Children’s Learning Center (KCLC) part of social and cultural cohesion within in New Mexico were selected for funding: in Cochiti Pueblo is one such project that the pueblos. This sacred principle, which Tewa Farms’ Crop Expansion Project, $24,500, Pueblo of Pojoaque – This grant Chamiza has supported since its inception helps ensure the vitality and survival of these will support the expansion of the tribe’s farm. It will make possible the purchase (see story, page 18). Ten years later, as a communities, is the basis for their engagement and installation of two hoop houses, a heated greenhouse and a milling machine direct result of support from the Chamiza with the Chamiza Foundation. i that will allow the farm to operate year-round, significantly improving community Foundation, KCLC has been able to health and nutrition. leverage additional support from significant Brian Vallo is from Red Willow Center, Growing Community Food Systems, $26,000, Taos Pueblo philanthropic organizations. Acoma Pueblo and is a – This grant will allow the expansion of several projects including a greenhouse, farmers’ member of the Chamiza market and food-distribution program. This project seeks to increase access to fresh, healthy Last year, both the Southern Pueblos Foundation Board of foods by implementing two new, tribal food-service programs for tribal youth and elders. Governors Association and the Eight Directors. He is the Northern Indian Pueblo Council adopted director of the Indian Ramah Navajo School Board, Inc., Wild Food Orchard, $14,192, Pine Hill Arts Research Center at resolutions acknowledging the significant – This project is a permaculture model for young entrepreneurs. During the school the School for Advanced year, middle-school students will plant, grow, harvest and sell wild pine nuts. The contribution made by the Chamiza Research in Santa Fe. project is intended to teach the basics of agriculture and business. Foundation over the past 25 years. This

20 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com A:ho’ A:wan Doyenkakya Dehwanne A ‘People’s Garden’ at Zuni Pueblo

Dolores E. Roybal n the northwest area of New Mexico, Start students, Zuni Pueblo residents are gaining more which was one accessI to healthy fresh food through the of four school Zuni Youth Enrichment Project (ZYEP), gardens and which, in combination with existing school two community and community garden programs, is helping gardens in the revitalize gardening and, in the process, pueblo. The connecting tribal members to cultural and intention was to spiritual traditions of Zuni agriculture. Zuni demonstrate that is the largest of 19 pueblos in New Mexico home gardens and home to about 10,000 people in an area are viable options considered a food desert. The closest city is for families who Gallup, 40 miles away. want to improve their health.

Con Alma Health Foundation, New Mexico’s “In addition to the clear health benefits of largest private foundation dedicated solely fresh, local produce in a community where to health, is assisting this effort through its obesity and diabetes rates are high above Healthy People, Healthy Places initiative. averages, there are important personal and Con Alma is focused on supporting locally community benefits to maintaining the grown and culturally significant foods, as well rich agricultural past that allowed Zunis to as increasing support for the preservation of thrive in a very difficult environment for so agricultural traditions and encouraging elders many generations,” said Dr. Val Wangler, and indigenous people to share those practices who works on these initiatives. “We believe with children and families. To leverage funds, in highlighting the benefits of traditional the Zuni project is one of 31 mini-grants lifestyles and diets that were common (totaling $161,000) Con Alma has provided long before processed foods and unhealthy to nonprofits that are working to increase government commodities contributed to people’s ability to get healthy food and be declining health.” physically active in their communities. The garden project was recently granted tribal The ZYEP, the lead for the gardening project, land to expand. These projects have a way has a long history of partnering with agencies of creating ripples in communities that are at Zuni. ZYEP’s A:ho’ A:wan Doyenkakya invested in creating a healthier environment Dehwanne, or “People’s Garden,” has for families. i involved representatives from at least 10 local organizations. With prior Con Alma Dolores E. Roybal is executive director of Con

© Seth R offman Alma Health Foundation. http://conalma.org support, ZYEP created a garden with Head UNM Health Sciences Center Helps Nambé Pueblo Receives Zunis Address Health Problems Community Agriculture Project Grant Zuni Pueblo, about 150 miles west of Albuquerque, has some of the highest rates of diabetes and kidney disease in the world. About 400 residents, most 45 and younger, he Pueblo of Nambé, encompassing nearly 20,000 acres in northern New Mexico, are in early stages of kidney disease. UNM Health Sciences Center researcher, historically was known for its agriculture, traditional textiles and pottery. The Río Vallabh “Raj” Shah, Ph.D., along with his colleague Dr. Philip Zager, have been NambéT flows through the pueblo and empties into the Río Grande. In 2011, the Pacheco working with the pueblo on the Zuni Health Initiative for 16 years to help tribal Fire burned half of the watershed that feeds the Nambé Falls Reservoir. Runoff from heavy members address these chronic conditions. The researchers say that a sedentary lifestyle, a diet of mostly processed foods and reluctance to take advantage of rains caused further damage. High Water Mark, LLC, a Native American–owned floodplain available health care are mostly to blame. and watershed-management company, is leading efforts to restore the reservoir. Shah recruited health- Nambé Pueblo recently received $37,000 from First Nations Development Institute in care workers from the support of expanding the pueblo’s two-acre Community Farm. Heirloom organic corn, beans, community to provide squash and chile are grown there, and a hoop house extends the growing season for other testing and coaching, diet vegetables and herbs. A one-acre vineyard has been planted with four varieties of grapes. and exercise programs that can be implemented at These crops, along with buffalo meat from the tribe’s herd, are provided to a senior center home or at a new, nearby and to individual families at a season-end festival. exercise center. They monitored compliance and Besides supplementing families’ diets with healthy foods and inspiring them to create family progress. After six months, all of the disease markers, including blood glucose and gardens, the goal is to improve the tribe’s food security. Other benefits include opportunities body-mass index, had dropped. for pueblo volunteers and youth to learn traditional and modern farming methods and The Center for Native American Health, part of UNM’s Health Sciences Center, to have elders impart farming and cultural knowledge, including Tewa language skills, in partners with New Mexico’s 22 tribes around health issues, addresses health working with the youth. disparities and runs a student recruitment and retention program. It also helps students find ways to pay for medical school. The Health Sciences Center recently Farm Program Manager George Toya hopes the farm will become self-sustaining. For more graduated a record 39 American Indians in the health professions. information, call 505.455.4220, email [email protected] or visit nambepueblo.org

www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 21 The Journey of Becoming a Man Scott Davis or 25 years, Tewa Women United (TWU) has been serving all women within Río Arriba County. Starting as a collective of Tewa women looking to heal their ownF lives, families and communities from the traumas of sexual violence, domestic violence and substance abuse, the group expanded to embrace the larger community and developed a commitment to serve all families in need.

For many years, the organization struggled with how to reach out to men and boys in the community. In 2014, an opportunity arose through a grant from First Nations Development Institute to further the scope of TWU’s engagement by working with Native men and boys in Río Arriba. Learning sustainable life skills within a framework © Seth R offman

of traditional Tewa values and lifeways Jon Naranjo harvesting melons at Santa Clara Pueblo With TWU’s core values of supporting healthy families as a foundation, Jon Naranjo, who is from Santa Clara Pueblo, has been working with TWU to establish the as well as the responsibilities that the boys will be taking on as they journey to become Sengipaa Ing Vi Po (The Journey of Becoming a Man) mentor project. He is dedicated men: responsibilities to themselves, their families and communities and the women to establishing an ongoing program of Native men teaching Native boys valuable, and girls in their lives. The Sengipaa project is embedded with teachings designed to sustainable life skills, from agriculture and hunting to auto maintenance and financial educate the boys in how to be instrumental in ending violence against women and girls. literacy, all within a framework of traditional Tewa values and lifeways. Native men with By combining real-life skills with cultural understanding, TWU is embracing both men a variety of life skills are being recruited to serve the initial cohort of eight Tewa boys. and women. Corrine Sanchez, director of TWU, is excited about this development. Survival skills will be taught as part of the curriculum, from making a friction fire to what to do “At TWU, we love our Native men and boys,” she said, “and realize that the health and if you get lost. These important abilities, once mastered, will result in higher levels of confidence well-being of all our Native peoples are intimately linked.” in the young men. “Teaching our boys how to live in balance between the traditional and For more information or to provide support for this project, email jon@tewawomen modern worlds is critical for the future of our Tewa communities,” Naranjo said. united.org or visit http://tewawomenunited.org/sengipaa-ing-vi-po-mentor-project However, it’s not all work and no play. The cohort will also be involved in a variety of Scott Davis lived and worked in Río Arriba County since 2007. When not managing construction fun activities such as fishing, camping, river rafting and enjoying lots of good food. Each projects for Avanyu LLC, he can be found helping TWU or vainly attempting to pull every last event and activity is fashioned in a way to bring understanding of our interconnectedness, goat’s head from the yard where he and his daughter live in San Pedro, New Mexico.

Tribal Green Reentry Youth Programs Incorporate Culture Ada Pecos Melton, Rita Martínez and David J. Melton

he incorporation of hands-on These programs serve youth through “green” activities into traditional, innovative approaches that combine Tjuvenile-justice rehabilitation programs traditional interventions, such as is a novel approach that is proving individual assessment, education, to have several benefits for tribal counseling and reentry planning, with youth. These programs are designed activities such as gardening, hydroponics,

to help youth successfully reintegrate beekeeping, raising chickens, equine © Seth R offman into their communities upon release therapy and skills development in green Rita Martínez from confinement, as well as address technologies. program, noting problems that have instigated at-risk that they learned youth referrals to the program. Learning specific skills new things and Since October 2009, three tribes— can make young people Ada Pecos Melton had fun. Not all Hualapai in Arizona, Mississippi Band more employable and possible through collaboration enjoyed working of Choctaw and Rosebud Sioux in with community-based partners. in a garden, South Dakota—have implemented self-sufficient. however, with community-based Green Reentry The outdoor nature of green activities Working in a garden and caring for some expressing initiatives through the Tribal Juvenile and the security-focused nature of living things is therapeutic for many dissatisfaction Detention and Reentry Green juvenile detention facilities needed to people. Learning specific skills with getting dirty Demonstration Program funded by be reconciled. This required a careful such as horticultural techniques, and working in the Office of Juvenile Justice and understanding of the specific activities greenhouse construction or solar the heat. A staff Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). that were feasible to implement. An panel installation can make young David Melton member noted The programs were part of a cross-site important consideration was the extent people more employable and self- that, once the greenhouse was in place, evaluation being conducted by RTI to which youth would be able to continue sufficient. Most youth interviewed the gardening aspect of the program International and American Indian their participation in green activities expressed favorable views about their became more enjoyable for the youth. Development Associates, LLC. after their release. This can often be participation in the Green Reentry continued on page 37

22 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com McClellan Hall Awarded the Alec Dickson Servant Leader Award In April 2015, McClellan Hall, founder and director of the National Indian Youth Leadership Project (NYLP), based in Gallup, New © Alejandro López Mexico, was presented with the Alec Dickson Servant Leader Award at the National Service Learning Conference, in Washington, D.C. For over 35 years, Hall, an educator of Cherokee descent, has engaged Native youth through outdoor adventure, service learning and culturally based activities that have grown from summer camps into year-long programs. Early in his career, he became aware that these teaching modalities were much more suited to Native youth, particularly those who came from difficult home situations and were struggling to find hope in their lives. In 1990, NYLP received five-year funding to implement Project Venture, a year-long outdoor adventure program that facilitated individual and group development within a cultural context. It achieved model-program status from the Office of Health and Human Services. Concurrently, it was recognized by the Center for National Crime Prevention and the First Nations Behavioral Health Association in Canada for its effectiveness in redirecting the lives of Native youth toward positive goals. Project Venture has since been replicated across all of Canada and much of the United States. www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 23 Homemade Solar Ovens in Navajo Country TEDx talk presented at Popejoy Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico Raquel Redshirt

ake a journey with me. You are nine years old, giving up a traditional Christmas family gathering. You are driving down dusty dirt roads, delivering baked Tgoods to relatives who live in rural areas of the Navajo Nation. While visiting, you notice that basic necessities are missing among a majority of the families, including running water and electricity.

This was me 10 years ago, encountering the struggles of some of my people. I noticed that many families’ Christmas dinners consisted of perishable food from the local gas station and tortillas made over an open fire. And that sparked an idea. I knew I wanted to pursue a dream that benefited the future of my Diné

(Navajo) people. And with firewood and coal becoming scarce, I knew my dream © Seth R offman would start by helping those living off the grid find an alternative way to prepare focused project was designed to provide struggling families around the Navajo a well-cooked meal. Nation with a low-cost, healthier alternative for cooking food that does not rely Keeping in mind the future of our land and sacred traditions that have been passed on precious natural resources like firewood. down from my grandparents, I used materials found around a typical Navajo The basic design of a homemade solar oven includes the use of two cardboard boxes, household to construct a homemade solar oven. one within the other, to create a two-and-a-half-inch wall where the insulation is Homemade solar ovens are simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost machines located. Reflectors are constructed from the attached flaps of the outside cardboard that can be used by those who cannot afford industrial materials. This community- box to create a funnel structure to attract more direct sunlight. Navajo NEWSBITEs New Navajo Leader Russell Begaye’s Priorities The unemployment rate on theN avajo reservation is around 50 percent. About 42 This has created a culture of conservation. Diné families, on average, live on seven percent of tribal members live below the poverty line. Just 7 percent have a college gallons of water per day—often stored in rain barrels, recycled buckets and plastic degree, significantly affecting their job prospects. containers—and reuse it whenever possible. Some families drink, cook, bathe and clean with water hauled from livestock tanks and, in some cases, pumped from The Navajo Nation’s new president, Russell Begaye, was sworn in on May 12. Begaye, aquifers tainted with radioactive waste from decades of uranium mining. an ordained Southern Baptist minister who served on the Navajo Council, ran on a pro-business platform. He seeks to set up manufacturing plants to create jobs and Navajo Junk-Food Tax supports a proposed rail port project that could export agricultural goods and coal. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has declared parts of the Navajo reservation a Weeks after Begaye assumed the presidency, an audit of the Navajo Nation revealed food desert. A food desert is a region where residents can’t easily buy fresh, healthy, that the tribal government’s 110 chapters had more than $77 million in unspent funds affordable food. Gas stations and convenience stores are the primary grocers for from annual tribal-government appropriations. many people. Bringing running water and electricity to the tens of thousands of people who live As part of the Healthy Diné Nation Act, the Navajos’ 2 percent sales tax on “minimal- without it are among the tribe’s priorities. Begaye wants to restart negotiations for to-no-nutritional-value” foods sold on the reservation—such as cookies, chips and water rights in the Little Colorado and Lower Colorado River basins, but that won’t sodas—went into effect in April. Funds generated will go into a community health be easy. He was among the lawmakers who rejected a settlement linked to the Lower fund to support projects such as farmers’ markets, vegetable gardens and exercise Colorado because it included provisions for a coal-fired power plant. equipment, as well as educational programming. Begaye is opposed to the development of the Grand Canyon Escalade, a controversial The Diné Community Advocacy Alliance lobbied for almost two years to get the junk- aerial tram at the east end of the Grand Canyon that would transport tourists from food tax approved. They consider it one way for Indian Country to address the health the cliff tops down to the confluence of the Colorado River and the Little Colorado epidemic of diabetes and obesity among the tribe’s 175,000 residents. Another bill that River, an area sacred to the Hopi. A proposed development plan approaching $1 eliminates the tribe’s 5 percent sales tax on fresh fruit and vegetables is also in effect. billion includes a riverside boardwalk, hotels, a cultural center and places for Navajo artisans to sell their work. Electricity on the Navajo Reservation An estimated 18,000 homes on the 27,673 square-mile Navajo reservation are not Climate-Change Impacts connected to the grid. on the Navajo Reservation Water has never been abundant for the Diné, who have raised their families and The Navajo Tribal Utility Authority (NTUA) has offered, since 1999, solar livestock on the high-desert lands across Arizona, New Mexico and Utah for photovoltaic (PV) systems to its customers who don’t have access to the grid, centuries. At a time of a multiyear widespread drought, despite an unusually rainy through an affordable rental program. People don’t own the PV system but pay summer, one-third of the roughly 50,000 households on the Navajo reservation have for the electricity provided, similar to the SolarCity model. More recently, NTUA no reliable source of water. started offering solar-wind hybrid systems. An 800-watt PV array along with a 400-watt wind turbine costs the homeowner $75 per month, which goes toward the According to a 2014 national assessment by the Obama administration, Southwestern purchase of the system and is enough to power lights, TV and appliances, including tribes are among the most vulnerable to climate-change impacts. Weather extremes— an energy-efficient refrigerator. NTUA finances the systems, which is much cheaper from severe drought to major flooding—have become more common. From July to than extending utility lines to homes. September 2013, major flooding affected 88 of the Navajo Nation’s 110 chapters, damaging 140 homes and costing millions of dollars. Investing in renewable energy is helping many tribal members improve their quality of life. Children can do homework at night, family members can make crafts under Reservoir levels have been dropping, and some streams and springs have declined better lights, thereby increasing their income, and they don’t have to breathe fumes or disappeared, along with medicinal plants and animals such as prairie dogs and from kerosene lanterns. Having refrigeration means not having to travel great rabbits. Horses and cows have died of thirst at dry waterholes. Some farming plots distances as often for food. And being able to charge cell phones and laptops can have become sandier. Dust storms have increased. facilitate communication and education.

24 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com I conducted numerous trials to compare varying materials in order to achieve the best performance. The solar oven’s performance was rated on its ability to reach Beneficial Farms high and consistent internal temperatures and the appearance and taste of the Community Supported cooked food. For insulation, I tried Sudan hay, cotton, soil and shredded paper, Agriculture (CSA) but found that sheep’s wool was the best insulation. Black construction paper was Serving families, farms, and the best inside lining and aluminum foil was used for the reflectors. With those materials, the temperature inside the homemade solar oven reached a maximum communities since 1994 of 315 degrees Fahrenheit, which is above the recommended food-safety internal • Eat FRESH Local and Regional Food temperature. From there, the cooking started. • Support Family Farms I knew I wanted to pursue a dream that • All year long benefited the future of my Diné people. • Convenient weekly delivery www.beneficialfarm.com We prepared hot dogs, hamburgers, cookies, steaks, chicken, fish and just about [email protected] 505-470-1969 every Navajo’s favorite, mutton. Boy, did my family and I eat well during trial runs. The food was tender and flavorful. The delicious smell spread through the neighborhood, and even the dogs and livestock in the area wanted to try the cooked food.

There is a high diabetes rate on the Navajo Reservation. A homemade solar oven prepares food that can be cooked in its own juices, a healthier alternative to having to add potentially harmful cooking fats.

There are a few limitations to solar cooking. A homemade solar oven, like a slow cooker, takes more time to cook a meal than a traditional oven. And of course, solar ovens will not work as efficiently in cloudy or overcast weather. However, considering the delicious, healthy food that homemade solar ovens provide using a safe, low-cost technology Raquel Redshirt’s homemade solar oven and fuel source, the choice seems clear. After all, patience is a virtue!

Since this project started, my journey has taken me many places. I first showcased my project at the National American Indian Science and Engineering Fair, where I was selected as one of the finalists. At the prestigious International Science and Engineering Fair in Los Angeles, California, I shared my homemade solar-oven idea through media, including the 100 People Foundation, an interview with Bill Nye the Science Guy, and several international newspapers. I was awarded the Goethe special award, an all-expenses-paid trip to Germany with five other young scientists, during which I shared my project with local high school students and teachers.

I am still on my journey, one where I am no longer just traveling around delivering food but working to help others take a step toward a greener and healthier future. The Navajo Nation has endured harsh treatment as a result of uranium mines, power plants and environmental degradation, but the homemade solar oven can help change the hand we’ve been dealt by improving many lives, once it’s introduced to more people.

Let’s go back to that dusty dirt road on the Navajo Nation. But now it’s several years in the future. Instead of delivering baked goods, we are greeted by Navajo families preparing their Christmas dinners in solar ovens. Our conversations reveal the great benefits that solar cooking has offered to their daily lives. By bringing awareness to a small population and providing an alternative solution to a pervasive problem, we can demonstrate the importance of creating a sustainable world, starting with a simple technology like a homemade solar oven. Raquel Redshirt (Diné) believes a broken system exists in her homeland, and vast improvements need to be made. Originally from Shiprock, New Mexico, and currently enrolled at the University of Oklahoma, she plans to return to the Navajo Nation, where she can use her knowledge to create a brighter, greener future for her people. [email protected] www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 25 Indigenous Way of Life continued from page 7 while devastating, have not been the of place mythologize technology’s ability norm in human history. Indigeneity has to control the natural world and direct meant living within the limits of resources, the world’s financial resources to the exercising reciprocity and acknowledging development of even more technological relationships that existed within the confines “fixes” that have become the underlying of a particular bioregion or ecological niche. principles by which most countries operate. Thus, humankind at large has lost the Worldwide, there have been many examples ability to connect to the power of place and of man’s inhumanity to man, including connect with the flow of energy that arises slavery, conquest and war. However, the from the land, leaving us as strangers in our West has been a civilization which measures own lands, lost to the indigenous sense of © Seth R offman its history and progress as a society through belonging and purpose. Dr. Joe Sando, noted historian, author and scholar from the Pueblo of Jemez, inspired generations chronicling the rise and fall of empire. of research, writing and debate about Pueblo history and life. His legacy is honored by Starting with Alexander the Great, the Why Indigenize? highlighting current research and creative expression at the annual Joe Sando Symposium. Key history of Western civilization moves So why would anyone in their right mind organizers of the March 2015 event were (l-r) Carnell Chosa, Porter Swentzell, Tessie Naranjo, Marth Becktell, Beverly Singer, Stephen Wall and Joseph Turnipseed. through the Greek, Roman and Holy want to move away from a technology- Roman empires, into the feudal empires based economy and lifeway, which appear to world. The cyclical nature of capitalism, live upon, the bioregion we inhabit. The less of Spain and Portugal, and then to those provide for all of the needs of humankind, with its peaks and valleys, has become control you have over the source of resources empires based in the modern state including to a regionally defined, self-limiting lifeway? exaggerated in the last 40 years, creating you need—food, energy, water—the more most of Western Europe and, most notably, For the majority of people in the United economic crisis followed by economic mindful or intentional you must be over how Britain and the United States. Through the States, this is a no-brainer: looking to crisis. The peaks have enriched only a small you use those resources. Awareness of water- combination of technology, the modern state indigenous knowledge to provide for our portion of society, while the majority feels use practices (long showers, lawns, running and empire, colonial relations came into needs is to reverse evolution, or precipitate the effects of the valleys. water while you rinse dishes), energy-use existence as European empires encircled the devolution. We know that progress means patterns (lights left on, use of instant-on Indigenization is the connection between planet. The existence of empire and colonial going forward. devices), food-use habits (wasting food, the people and the land on which they relations created the notion of indigenous relying on food grown at a distance) are We live in a complicated world. We live. To indigenize is to recognize that life- peoples: those original inhabitants of a land first steps to indigenization. Mindfulness transport food thousands of miles between serving activities in the bioregion need to be as opposed to those settlers, developers and and intentionality create awareness that production and consumption. Similarly, we sustainable and that we need to encourage governors who originated in the colony’s leads to the next step in indigenization: develop our energy sources far from the and foster activities that enhance our “mother country”. The arrival of colonial connection with the land. point of consumption, requiring extensive reciprocal relationship with the land. powers brought to the land a people whose and complex delivery systems. Our economy In order to connect with the land, beliefs, values and practices were not based is based in the purchase of material goods Reindigenization: one has to be aware of the land. The in a relationship with the colonized land manufactured on other continents, using A Process mindfulness employed to become aware but were based in the mother country and In some ways, indigenization seems to be natural resources from many parts of of our consumption habits, practices and overlain with dreams of riches, status and a pipedream or a radical vision. But the the world. Our empire requires huge resource use can be expanded to become glory. inability of our political and economic expenditures of money and energy to aware of the land. In order to connect with leaders to come to grips with environmental maintain a planet-wide presence to support the land, one has to study the land, spend realities is quickly manifesting a condition Those who act in a our lifestyles. By and large, we have an time outside, and be intentional in one’s in which the complexity and fragility of the manner based on the affluent lifeway, but our institutions are desire to understand the interrelationships planet will converge to bring dramatic and beginning to fail: schools don’t educate, between the land and all that lives on it. Just practices and ethics that possibly catastrophic change. As rational hospitals don’t heal, courts don’t dispense being outside with that intent and desire human beings we should be looking flow from the land itself justice and governments can no longer will pay off after a while, as one slowly to possible alternatives to our current govern fairly. becomes aware of the subtleties found in might be considered predominant lifeway. the natural world. Where does the sun indigenous. Not only is the world complicated, but it “But I live in a multibuilding apartment rise on the summer solstice? Where does is fragile, as well. We are beginning to see But the process of deindigenizing humans complex in midtown Albuquerque. How it set on the winter solstice? When do the environmental impact of the excesses from the planet was not just the result can I indigenize myself to the land?” This is the sand hill cranes first appear in their of the industrial revolution and a consumer of colonization. The marriage of science an excellent question, and it really gets to the migration? What do the various cloud economy. As climate change progresses, we and technology has worked to create a heart of indigenization. As a society, we have formations portend? When should I plant are starting to see how drought, flooding worldview that has become despiritualized created urban areas that are totally dependent my garden—even if it is just a few planters and severe weather events impact various and materialistic. Since the scientific on the surrounding rural areas—both near on the apartment balcony? Many will see communities and bioregions. We may not revolution, the processes of science have and far—for energy, water, sustenance and the attainment of this kind of knowledge immediately feel the effects of these events, moved beyond observation and description markets. We have become reliant upon wage as something beyond their abilities. But but if they continue, their cumulative into manipulation and control. Technology labor that places a premium on the creation because the universe is always teaching impacts will overwhelm our ability to has been the handmaiden of this transition, of wage-paying jobs, often to the detriment us, it is not our abilities that determine import food and other necessities. Our and now the Western ideals of progress and of the environment. whether we gain the knowledge—it is dependence on hydrocarbons has made us development have been globalized. This, our will. We gain this knowledge through deaf to environmental concerns, dependent in turn, has marginalized the indigenous In our current situation, indigenization observing the natural world, reading upon capricious leadership of oil-producing knowledge that took hundreds of years to starts with mindfulness or intentionality. historical accounts and travelogues, talking countries and dangerously unprepared for develop as indigenous peoples interacted So what does that mean? It means that we with people who hold this knowledge. a society without hydrocarbons. Finally, with their environment. In today’s world, the need to become mindful of the choices that Slowly, the knowledge will come. we must look to finance and the monetary we make in relation to our place, the land we techno-values that minimize the importance continued on page 29 economy, the weakest link in this fragile

26 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com The Local Voice

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www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 27 Native NEWSBITEs BIA Hinders RE Development on Tribal Lands The Energy Information Administration estimates that homes on reservations are 10 The companies say the mine could generate $64 billion in economic value over its times less likely to have access to electricity than homes in non-Indian communities. 60-year life. It will reportedly use about 18,000 acre-feet of water annually, enough Fourteen percent of reservation households are without electricity. Many reservations to supply about 40,000 homes. Five square miles will be used to store toxic mining have homes scattered over large areas, far from a utility grid. waste. According to the companies, once “block-cave” mining has been completed, the result will be a caved-in pit, 1,000 feet deep and two miles wide, that will appear Some tribes are looking to utility-scale renewable-energy (RE) projects to improve similar to a nearby meteor crater. tribal members’ quality of life and also serve as revenue generators for the tribe. According to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report released in June, A full Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) must be written and approved. tribal lands could produce 5 percent of the country’s solar energy and more than 3 However, the bill’s language stipulates that 60 days after the EIS is complete, the percent of electricity from wind. Yet, while developers have built hundreds of utility- land will belong to Resolution no matter what the study says. On June 17, Rep. Raúl scale wind farms and solar arrays on private and federal lands since 2004, only one M. Grijalva (D-AZ), with 14 bipartisan cosponsors, introduced the “Save Oak Flat significant wind project is generating power from tribal lands. Another tribal wind Act.” The bill would repeal Section 3003 of the FY15 NDAA. In July, the Apache farm and a solar project are under construction. Stronghold group walked/caravanned from Tucson, Arizona, to Washington, D.C., to call for the land to once again be protected. Critics accuse the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of impeding RE development. In a holdover of historical protocol, the BIA has to sign off on RE projects on tribal lands, Drilling Permits for Oil in Mancos although other Interior Department agencies are better equipped to consult on and Shale Formation Could Be Halted approve such projects. That results in obstacles and long delays. In June, in a report to As a result of a lawsuit filed by a coalition of Native American and environmental the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, the GAO cited the BIA’s “poor management.” organizations, a federal judge could impose a moratorium on new oil-drilling The BIA responded, saying that it is getting ready to deploy a system nationally that permits in the Mancos Shale formation in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New will do a better job of tracking data and review times and acknowledged that it needs Mexico. The area includes the Chaco Culture National Historic Park. The groups to give tribes more guidance on how to take over some federal responsibilities. want a more thorough environmental impact statement from the U.S. Bureau of There is a complicated relationship between the United States government and the Land Management (BLM). Judge James Browning, who, last January, struck down sovereignty that Native American tribes are entitled to under treaties and federal a fracking moratorium in Mora County, is expected to rule this month. law. Although tribes are sovereign nations capable of making their own decisions, in There are 260 well sites in the area. About 150 have been drilled since 2011, and 3,600 2005, Congress authorized Tribal Energy Resource Agreements, to be administered are proposed for the greater Chaco region. The oil has become accessible as a result by the BIA, to assist tribes’ efforts to enter power-purchase deals and leases.N ot a of horizontal drilling and fracking. The impacts on people, water, ecosystems and single tribe has used the process because the agreements don’t clearly outline where climate have not been adequately studied by the BLM, the groups contend. Nearly tribal and BIA responsibilities begin and end, and the agreements lack funding to 30 top archaeologists from universities and organizations around the nation have pursue control. Rep. Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) says that Congress needs to help address called on the U.S. Department of the Interior to protect the Chaco area from oil tribes’ qualms and figure out how to get tribal RE in motion. and gas development. The BIA has identified 25 tribalRE projects that could be completed within the BP America, ConocoPhillips, Encana Corp. of Canada and WPX Energy of next five years and produce up to 2,200 megawatts (MW) of power. The Obama Oklahoma, along with the American Petroleum Institute, have joined the lawsuit administration has awarded millions of dollars in federal grants for RE, hydropower in support of the BLM. Encana and WPX have reportedly invested $1 billion in and fossil-fuel projects on tribal lands. Last month Rep. Grijalva and Sen. Martin drilling projects in the Mancos formation. New Mexico Gov. Susana Martínez has Heinrich (D-NM) introduced the Tribal Tax Incentive for Renewable Energy urged the U.S. Interior secretary to support the BLM’s position. Act, which would amend a section of the Internal Revenue Code to allow tribal governments to use existing federal renewable-energy investment tax credits. Uranium Mining in the Southwest picuris pueblo to receive technical assistance Uranium mining and milling wastes, after more than 30 years, still have not been remediated in Milan, Church Rock and throughout northwestern New Mexico. On July 9, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Indian Energy announced “Waste from Río Grande Resources’ ‘zombie mines,’ left on standby for 25 years, that Picuris Pueblo, in northern New Mexico, will receive on-the-ground technical continues to contaminate air, land and water,” said Susan Gordon, coordinator of the support from the DOE’s Strategic Technical Assistance Response Team (START). Multicultural Alliance for a Safe Environment (MASE). “At the same time, federal The customized assistance will help the pueblo understand and prioritize its resource and state governments continue to permit new uranium mines.” opportunities and financing options as it seeks to develop approximately 1 MW of solar photovoltaics on its land and facilities. “The communities that are members of the MASE coalition have been irreparably harmed by uranium mining and milling in the Grants Mineral Belt,” Gordon added. Arizona’s Senators Trade Apache “We stand united in our position that no new mines should be allowed to open until Sacred Lands to Mining Companies the toxic legacy has been cleaned up.” In February 2015, 300 people, mostly San Carlos Apache, marched 44 miles from their tribal headquarters to occupy Oak Flat, a National Forest campground east of Uranium Resources, Inc. announced in June that it is selling its Roca Honda Project in Phoenix, Arizona, where they have camped for months to protest what they see as an west-central New Mexico to Energy Fuels, Inc., of Toronto, Canada, for $2,875,000. assault on their culture. The campground is in the center of an ancient Apache prayer The Colorado-based company has a processing plant in Texas. site, Chi’Chil’Bilda’Toteel, which includes an Apache burial ground and ceremonial In Arizona, Energy Fuels, Inc., is planning to mine uranium about four miles from site, where coming-of-age ceremonies have been performed for many generations. the Grand Canyon’s South Rim and truck the ore up Highway 64 to Williams and, The San Carlos opponents’ website is www.apache-stronghold.com from there, to Flagstaff on I-40 and on to Highway 89 North to the Navajo Nation, As public land, Oak Flat has had special protection since 1955 when, because of its through Kayenta and Bluff before reaching the White Mesa Uranium Mill. The EPA cultural and natural value, President Eisenhower designated the area as off-limits has found that communities in the vicinity of uranium mines, mills and processing to mining. Despite this protection, in December 2014, Congress—through a fine- sites risk dangerous levels of exposure to radon-222, an isotope of the chemical print, last-minute rider attached to the must-pass National Defense Authorization element, known to dissolve in the bloodstream and capable of causing chronic Act (NDAA)—authorized the transfer of the land’s title to Resolution Copper radiotoxicity, which is tied to a high incidence of lung cancer. There are also added Mining, which is owned by Río Tinto, a private, Australian-British mining company, hazards of road accidents from the mining operations. and BHP Billiton. Both are world leaders in strip-mining. Republican senators The company is using a loophole in a 2012 ban on new uranium mines and is hoping John McCain and Jeff Flake of Arizona—without public scrutiny—engineered to operate under an operational plan and environmental review from 1986. The the “Southeast Arizona Land Exchange,” which would trade 2,400 acres of Forest Havasupai Tribe, the Grand Canyon Trust and other environmental groups have Service land, including Oak Flat, for 5,300 acres of private land Río Tinto already appealed the mine opening to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. owns. McCain has called the bill a compromise that protects 800 acres of sacred land along nearby Apache Leap.

28 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Indigenous as a Way of Life continued from page 26 As we become aware of the basics of our conditions such as seasonal affective disorder it is an awareness and action that recognizes connection to the land, we become more (SAD), or we think of spring fever, both the importance of place and land in our own indigenized; that is, we are beginning to being examples of the effects the seasons have lives. It is also acknowledging and acting upon understand the land, sky and other natural on us. While these are general observations, the reciprocal relationship with the land that phenomena as metaphor within our lives the change of seasons is different in each provides for future generations. Indigeneity is and psyches. These metaphors are lessons bioregion and place. Part of indigeneity is a commitment to place and to the future of to further our understanding of place, being aware of how the seasons come and go our communities in that place. i relationship, other values and their application and how that affects our lives and psyches. in our lives and the lives of our families and The ability to see the connection between communities. our psyches and the land signifies a deep connection. For example, as we look to the cardinal directions, what values or concepts do we When we become aware of our psychic associate with the east? Values and concepts connection to the land, we have deepened such as rebirth, a new beginning, hope and our relationship with the land. Through light can be associated with the rising sun. this depth, we can see our responsibilities Similarly, the west can represent darkness, to the land, celebrate the joys of living on closure or maturity. Likewise, concepts and the land’s bounty and look to a meaningful Stephen Wall is the department chair for values can also be delegated to the north and future for our families and communities. Indigenous Liberal Studies at the Institute of south. In a comparable manner, the same Being indigenous is to be aware of that deep American Indian Arts in Santa Fe. He is an metaphorical process can be assigned to the connection with the land and act accordingly. enrolled member of the White Earth Nation changing of the seasons. We hear of mental Indigeneity is not race- or ethnic based, but and has lived in New Mexico most of his life.

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The Zanjeras continued from page 25

30 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com NEWSBITEs The Coal Industry The coal-industry downturn shows no signs of letting up. Coal use in the United States fell 21 percent between 2007 and 2014. Coal accounted for 37 percent of the country’s electricity in February 2015—down from 50 percent in 2007—according to the Energy Information Administration. More than one-third of the nation’s coal plants have already closed or announced closures. Most are expected by 2020, when the EPA’s proposal to cut carbon-dioxide emissions could go into effect.

The industry is struggling to cut costs in the face of natural gas made cheaper by the fracking boom and low prices for thermal coal burned in power plants and metallurgical coal used to make steel. Meanwhile, communities and power companies throughout the United States are avoiding long-term spending on coal because of financial risks, pollution impacts, environmental regulations and Emmarie: 11 years old. renewable-energy options that are becoming cheaper. Ute (Uncompahgre)/ Navajo (Deer and Bitter Tough Times for Peabody Energy Water)/English In June 2015, Peabody Energy, the world’s largest privately owned coal company, announced 250 corporate and regional employee layoffs and said it would cut production at an Australian metallurgical coal mine by about half. That coal has been exported to China and India. Peabody’s shares have dropped 81 percent over the last year. As of March 31, Peabody had $6.4 billion in debt. The multinational corporation recorded a $787-million loss last year on revenue of $6.8 billion.

In 2014, Peabody won a bid for a 640-acre lease to develop 9.2 million tons of coal adjacent to El Segundo Mine, north of Grants, New Mexico. El Segundo Mine produces 8 million tons a year. In March 2014, in response to an appeal of the sale of the lease based on environmental impacts, the BLM gave Peabody the go-ahead to expand the mine.

For the past 47 years, Peabody has operated two mines on Black Mesa, in Arizona, mining over 400 million tons of coal, using billions of gallons of water each year Sowaniu: 4 months old. from the Navajo Aquifer, to provide cheap energy and water to the entire Southwest. Mahko: Apache Narragansett/Navajo Peabody’s use of the aquifer has allegedly resulted in the marked decline and, in some cases, eradication of seeps and springs within the region. Coal Royalties Sought to Address Climate Impacts The Leaders of 10 Western mountain towns including Taos, New Mexico, have sent a jointly signed letter to Interior Secretary Sally Jewel and other federal officials Warrior requesting assistance in getting coal companies to pay hundreds of millions of dollars a year to help the towns deal with the impacts of climate change. The town officials asked for changes in the system that collects royalties on coal. Project Heart: 2 years old. Narragansett/ Photos by Blackfeet/Tuscarora/ Coal mining is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions that are widely Tailinh Agoyo Saponi/Chinese considered to contribute to changing weather patterns. The National Institutes of Health estimates 24,000 premature deaths per year nationwide from coal burning. he Warrior Project is a collection of images that portray indigenous children Four Corners Power Plant Update in a world where resources are becoming depleted, pollution is high and the The Department of the Interior’s Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and TEarth is threatened. The children photographed are nurtured in a culture where Enforcement’s record of decision released on July 17 ensures the continued the importance of honoring and protecting the earth is part of their DNA. They operation of the Four Corners Power Plant and Navajo Mine, located on the Navajo are not passive victims; they are budding change-makers, activists and empowered Nation, in northwestern New Mexico, through 2041. The decision does not allow leaders. They are warriors of strength, knowledge and ancestral power. the mine to expand, which is being contested in federal court. Tailinh Agoyo is in the first phase of the project. She has visited the Navajo in Local community, regional and national environmental groups have pointed out Arizona, the Narragansett in Rhode Island and the Mohawk in upstate New what they consider to be significant flaws in the agency’s Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) and have told the DOI that the DEIS cannot be used to York. She has engaged in discussions with local communities about environmental justify any decision to prolong the power plant or mine. The groups say, by rubber- concerns and how they are taking steps towards positive change. Through stamping the status quo for decades to come, the federal government has left local photographs of children, she shares stories about people and land, as well as residents and communities to assume serious pollution dangers and financial risks. testimonials from the children about their concerns and desire for environmental justice. About 800 people work at the 52-year-old plant and mine. Long-time owners of the plant are leaving, including Southern California Edison and El Paso Electric, Tailinh’s mission is to photograph indigenous children from tribes around the while BHP-Billiton has sold the Navajo Mine to the Navajo Nation and will exit world, each facing unique environmental concerns. By drawing upon traditional its share of the plant’s ownership in 2016. That leaves Arizona Public Service (APS) beliefs and creation stories, she is represents indigenous people as a thriving, as the majority owner responsible for the massive investment required to keep the electricity flowing. Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) still owns a 13 evolving people committed to positive change. The images and accompanying percent share. The Navajo Nation will have to take on increased regulatory liabilities testimonials emphasize the urgency of taking action to ensure the Earth is governing coal ash, methane and wastewater. APS, after shutting down three of the sustainable for the future generations. facility’s five emit stacks, is faced with increased regulatory mandates for the two stacks being retrofitted to reduce emissions by at least 30 percent. To support The Warrior Project or for more information, call 917.386.5036 or visit: www.warriorchildren.com/contact.html i www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 31 Retail

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32 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Red Power 3.0 continued from page 13 Photo: Communidad Andina

Men from Amazon tribes assemble to confront paramilitary forces under the auspices of the Peruvian government at the height of a dispute between tribes and petroleum- exploration companies on tribal lands. [Photo Credit: Communidad Andina]

paramilitary forces, covered in body armor, entered in armored personnel carriers with U.S.- made M-4s and M-16s. The Indians never had a chance, but they chose to fight anyway.

Fortunately, today, most Indian people in the United States do not face such stark battles. Except for the devastating social ills that disproportionately affect our families and community members, the challenges most of us face in rebuilding our communities range from study of the dull and mundane to the mildly interesting—unless, of course, you have a finance or accounting background. Instead of identifying the most potent battle tactic, we must master I.R.S. regulations. Perhaps, we must travel to cold or balmy localities, stay at mere three-star resorts for multiple days of coursework or workshops to learn about topics such as power-purchase agreements and lease buy-back arrangements for renewable-energy projects on tribal lands. The most committed of our colleagues will stay up through the wee hours of the night perfecting their cash-flow projections and pro forma budgets to satisfy the requirements of a dreaded case study that tests our knowledge of the previous day’s course on development financing fundamentals. As a former tribal economic-development manager, I withstood the ire of tribal council members, tribal landowners and political appointees over why one project or another must oblige one financing provision or another. None of these challenges is easy or fun to deal with. Yet, if a grandma from a stark desert landscape and outgunned rainforest dwellers are willing to take up arms today, shouldn’t we be willing to pick up a travel itinerary, a pen and a laptop? Today’s Red Power movement may not be as glamorous as the images of the warriors of centuries past, or Tribal leaders, program managers and even the nostalgia of Wounded Knee and community members assemble to learn Alcatraz in the 1970s, but it could be the about underutilized resources available from public-, private- and nonprofit-sector most important challenge we embrace for entities at the annual Resource Forum the generations that follow us. For those of convened by the Multi-Agency Tribal you who are game, I’ll see you at the next Infrastructure Collaborative. training session or project meeting! i

Dave Castillo is CEO of a Native Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI). When not traveling around the Southwest discussing financing options for Native businesses and tribal projects, he’s working on the latest reporting requirements of federal agencies or the return expectations of foundations and investors. He is always happy to collaborate or commiserate with anyone working to navigate the currents of project development in Indian Country. dncastillo@ nativehomecapital.com

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36 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com NEWSBITEs

Water Resources Research Institute Native communities will come together to learn from one another to promote health, Unveils New Mexico Watershed Website wellness and food sovereignty at the third annual Food Sovereignty Summit, in Green State Attorney General Hector Balderas has announced that, in the interest of Bay, Wisconsin, Oct. 26–29. The event will be co-hosted by First Nations Development getting a better handle on New Mexico’s available water resources, his office is Institute and the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, with support from the W.K. Kellogg investing $1 million from its consumer protection fund (the result of settlements won Foundation. It will take place at the Radisson Green Bay Hotel and Conference Center. in lawsuits) into the Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) at New Mexico The summit will feature three tracks: Applied Agriculture. Community Outreach and State University. The two $500,000 grants were approved by the state Legislature. Products to Market. Native farmers, ranchers, gardeners, businesses, policymakers WRRI, under the direction of Alexander “Sam” Fernald, coordinates water-related and other practitioners from around the United States will share information, research projects statewide. The institute has provided much of the data that is being program models and tools to meet growing and marketing challenges, as well used on a new website that provides a snapshot of the state’s water supply, water use as provide inspiration, mentoring and networking opportunities. There will be and evaporation. The site (nmwrri.nmsu.edu) went live in July. There has been a lot Experiential Learning Field Sessions (farm practices, food preservation, food of data on New Mexico surface water, but until now it hasn’t all been accessible in one handling, organic certification), a Chefs’ Corner (culinary creations from various location. New models and satellite tracking data that can gauge water use by plants, tribal regions) and a session to connect mentors and mentees. as well as the amount of surface water will be added to the site as part of WRRI’s For more information, visit www.firstnations.org/summit Statewide Water Assessment, a multiyear project. Navajo Green Economy Commission Balderas has called the need to find innovate ways to use water and develop a long-term strategy for future demand “a public safety issue, as well as an economic The Navajo Green Economy Commission reconvened in July 2015. Wahleah Johns is development issue.” the commission’s new chairperson. Levon Thomas is vice-chair, along with members Anna Rondon and Sam Woods. Legislators Request Action on Methane Hot Spots They think the time is right for building a Navajo Nation green economy. To that New Mexico Senators Martin Heinrich and Tom Udall, along with Representatives end, they are planning a Solar and Wind Summit 2015, this fall, in Window Rock, Michelle Lujan Grisham and Ben Ray Lujan are urging federal officials to take action to inform and educate Navajo Nation leaders on what they see as a tremendous on “a methane hot spot the size of Delaware over the San Juan Basin—the largest opportunity to transition into a healthier, cleaner economy by investing in training concentration in the nation—in an area of high oil and gas production.” a green workforce, getting people to become more energy-literate, and instituting energy-efficient, rooftop photovoltaics (PV) and microgrid technologies. Methane is a major global warming contributor, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It absorbs 25 times more heat than carbon dioxide on a “The time is now for us to show the world that Navajo people do have the desire to reduce 100-year timescale. The legislators’ letter to the Office of Management and Budget carbon emissions, and we need to call on DOI, DOE and other resources to help make also cites methane as a significant public health issue. Though methane is the largest possible more renewable-energy policies,” said Rondon. “The Navajo Green Economy constituent of natural gas, other toxic pollutants like benzene are often released at Commission can provide educational resources and collaboration for long-term options.” the same time, contributing to ozone pollution and smog. Methane is also released in coal production and from coal-fired power plants. The commission, legislated into existence by the Navajo Nation Council in 2009 as a way for the tribe to consider climate-change mitigation and adaptation options, The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) oversees oil and gas development on federal had its budget vetoed twice. The commissioners have volunteered since then and are and Indian lands. New BLM and EPA standards being considered could greatly looking forward to engaging with the new Begaye administration. reduce methane emissions. Flaring, venting and leaks add up to millions of dollars in lost revenue for companies, states and the federal government. Some developers Navajo Language Fluency Requirement Voted Down have already implemented emissions-reduction plans. On July 21, Navajos voted to eliminate the requirement for their top leader to be National Native Food Sovereignty Summit fluent in the Navajo language. A Navajo presidential candidate who was not fluent was eliminated over the issue in a recent election. The winner, Russell Begaye, advocated for Native agriculture is an economic and cultural cornerstone of most Native American keeping the fluency requirement. The Navajo language, an essential part of maintaining communities. Many tribes are implementing traditional food initiatives such as local culture and tradition, is recognized worldwide as the basis for a code that helped the U.S. food production, seed saving, educational workshops and ecological restoration work win World War II. Many Navajos still speak the language, but its use is not widespread for culturally essential foods. Traditional diets have the potential to undo much of among young people. It is taught in schools and there are other efforts underway; films the illness and harm processed foods have caused Native communities. including Star Wars and Finding Nemo have been dubbed in Navajo.

Tribal Green Reentry continued from page 22 The incorporation of elements of sweat lodges, talking circles, history Mexico Children’s Code (2011). Tribal Parents at all three sites expressed Native culture has been essential and language, traditional crafts and programs are increasingly incorporating substantial support for the Green to the success of these programs. excursions to culturally significant sites. culture into prevention and intervention Reentry program, particularly for Green Reentry programs offer a activities as a source of healing. The programming that provided their Interviews with tribal staff, stakeholders, natural opportunity for tribal youth to cultural programming incorporated children with new skills such as parents and participating youth indicated reconnect with their traditional culture into the three Green Reentry programs gardening, beekeeping and green that youth acquiring cultural knowledge, and for elders—the keepers of tribal has also helped each of the tribal construction. They were also enthusiastic skills, abilities and experiences become wisdom and knowledge—to be involved governments provide culturally relevant about activities that involved service more grounded in understanding how in working with youth and sharing their and appropriate services to their young to the community such as community they can use their culture to make knowledge through green activities such citizens and families and increased clean-up. Most believed that positive changes in their lives and rely on it as a as using traditional planting methods collaboration among tribal and regional changes in their children’s lives had resource during stressful times. (e.g., Three Sisters, native fruit tree resources. The development of such resulted from their participation in the windbreaks), greenhouse construction Access to culturally relevant services partnerships can help tribes implement program. i techniques (e.g., straw bale) and Native green technologies and environmentally and resources is both a right and an Ada Pecos Melton, Rita Martínez and design principles. In addition, the obligation that tribal governments share sustainable activities to create long-term David J. Melton are with American Indian grantees infused their programs with with state and federal agencies and is environmental and economic benefits. Development Associates, LLC, based in cultural activities to directly involve supported by laws such as the New Albuquerque, New Mexico. 505.842.1122, youth through traditional healing, http://aidainc.net www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 37 What's Going On! Events / Announcements

2000 Mountain Rd. NW ganizers. Property partners share anonymous util- Eldorado area recycling advocacy Story circles where you can share 5-minute ity data and best practices. Professional partners group monthly meeting. All welcome. stories with your fellow ‘Burqueans. Neigh- provide expertise and services. Public partners 505.466.9797, eldorado.285recycles.com borhood association and organization tables. support the initiative as it overlaps with their own Free food, music, art activities. valerie@art- missions. Info: [email protected] Aug. 13, 5-8 pm ful-life.org, http://artful-life.wix.com/artful- Round Mountain life#!abq-museum-neighborhood-day/c721 SANTA FE Body of Santa Fe, 333 W. Cordova Rd. Aug. 1, 10-10:30 am Acclaimed multi-instrumentalist brothers Aug. 23, 11 am-3 pm USDA National Farmers’ Market with alt-folk and global influences. $14/$7. Tomato Fiesta Week Kickoff ALBUQUERQUE Aug. 14, 6-8:30 pm ABQ Garden Center, 10120 Lomas, NE Water Tower, SF Railyard Aug. 3, 11 am Classes and garden tips from Master Gar- Seton Birthday Celebration Tesuque Pueblo and The SF Farmers’ Market has been selected by the deners and tomato experts. Trade fair, music, USDA to host the kickoff ceremony for the 16th an- Academy for the Love of Learning the Pueblo Revolt kids’ activities. 505.292.7144, www.albuquer nual National Farmers’ Market Week to recognize the Seton Village Indian Pueblo Cultural Center quetomatofiesta.com role that farmers’ markets play in the agricultural and Opening reception and 7 pm lecture by Er- 2401 12th St. NW food economy. Special guest speakers. 505.983.4098, nest Thompson Seton’s granddaughter Julie Aug. 27, 11:30 am-1:15 pm Seton. Free. www.aloveoflearning.org/event_ Former Tesuque Gov. Mark Mitchell will pro- Planners as Leaders ext. 6, www.farmersmarketinstitute.org vide a historical perspective on the pueblo’s role detail/164/1350 in the 1680 revolt. www.indianpueblo.org Hotel Andaluz, 125 2nd St. NW Aug. 5, 11:30 am-1 pm Urban Land Institute/APA-NM lunch. Presenta- Santa Fe Green Chamber Lunch Aug. 15, 7-9 pm Aug. 5, 5:30-7 pm Fantasies of Flying tion by Gail Goldberg, FAICP, Exec. Dir. of the SFAHBA, 1409 Luisa St. Green Drinks Urban Land Institute Los Angeles District Coun- Presentation/discussion on having a Public SF Art Institute, 1600 St. Michael’s Dr. Hotel Andaluz, 125 Second St. NW cil. $50/$35/$25. Registration: http://uli.org Bank. $20/$15. BankingOnNewMexico.org. Preview screening of rough cut of Georgina Network with people interest- Reservations: 505.982.1774 Lightning’s film about suicide prevention, Aug 29, 10:30 am-12:30 pm trauma and various forms of healing. Fol- ed in doing business locally, Eating for Your Health clean energy alternatives and Aug. 6-9 lowed by an open discussion with Lightning. creating sustainable oppor- Highland Senior Center Santa Fe Yoga Festival Free. http://georginalightning.com/ tunities in our communities. 131 Monroe NE Well-known instructors and local yogis lead Aug. 17-23 Presented the first Wednesday Community-based workshop led by Susan more than 108 classes and workshops. Daily of each month by the ABQ Clair, covering elements of a healthy lifestyle, meditations, dharma talks, hikes, farm to ta- Native Cinema Showcase and Río Rancho Green Chamber. info@ plant-based & animal proteins, organic vs. con- ble dinners, musical performances, pool par- NM History Museum nmgreenchamber.com, www.greendrinks.org ventional, antioxidants and systemic alkalinity, ties and Michael Franti concert (8/8, 7 pm). In partnership with the National Museum of the health benefits of herbs & spices, complex & www.santafeyogafestival.org American Indian, the NM History Museum pres- Aug. 8, 10 am-4 pm refined carbs, healthy fats. Free or by donation. ents the latest in Native documentaries, shorts, fea- Summer Wings Registration: 505.281.9888, [email protected] Aug. 7, 6-7 pm tures. http://nmhistorymuseum.org/calendar.php Río Grande Nature Center “Wars, Revolts and Defining Sept. 12 Collective Memory Aug. 18, 6 pm 2901 Candelaria NW Indian Pueblo Cultural Speakers, guided bird walks, hummingbird re: the Pueblo Revolt” Chefscapades Center Gala banding, live birds from wildlife rescue, arts NM History Museum, SF Plaza Clubhouse at Las Campanas & crafts for kids, Valle de Oro National Wild- 2401 12th St. NW Presentation by archaeologist/author Jason Some of SF’s executive chefs collaborate life Refuge display. Presented by the Friends Annual fundraising dinner/auction. Art, food, Shapiro. Free. nmhistorymuseum.org to create a 4-course dinner. Live auction of of the Río Grande Nature Center. Free. Park- dance, history. $150. Sponsorship opportunities vacations, art, jewelry. Benefits Pete’s Place ing $3. 505.344.7240, www.rgnc.org available. 505.724.3539, ccanfield@indianpueblo. Aug. 8, 10 am-2 pm Interfaith Shelter for the homeless. $150. org, indianpueblo.org/gala Healthy Kids Celebration 505.795.7494, www.interfaithsheltersf.org Aug. 11, 9 am-4 pm NM Pueblo and Community Sept. 26 Santa Fe Convention Center Aug. 18-20 Agriculture Conference NM Solar Energy Assn. Solar Fiesta Performances by local fitness groups, CPR training, Antique American Indian Art Show Obstacle course, skateboard demonstrations, acro- Route 66 Casino/Hotel, I-40 CNM Workforce Training Center batics and juggling instruction, low-cost lab screen- El Museo Cultural Workshops such as beekeeping, organic 505.246.0400, [email protected] ings, health-focused organizations. Presented by 40 top national dealers in historic American certification, hoop houses, spring veg- Christus St. Vincent, SF Fire Dept., city of Santa Feå. Indian art. www.antiqueindianartshow.com etable production. Educational agency and Nov. 11-13 program booths. Lunch provided. Hosted Quivira Conference Aug. 8, 10 am-4 pm Aug. 19, 5 pm by NMSU’s Southern Pueblo Beginning Embassy Suites Kindred Spirits Art Show Native Arts Unbound Farmer/Rancher Program. Registration: “The Next Wave: Cultivating Abundance”; 3749A Hwy. 14 La Fonda Hotel 505.852.0480 or 505.852.2668 hear from ranchers, farmers, scientists, activ- Fundraiser for animal sanctuary/hospice for The Institute of American Indian Arts pres- Aug. 15 ists and others. Speakers include Paul Hawkin, dogs, horses and poultry. Visit with the animals, ents its annual scholarship dinner and auction, Resilience Run Christine Jones and many more. 505.820.2544, meet the artists. Painting, photography, jewelry, reception and silent small-works art auction. [email protected]. Tickets: http://qui sculpture, carvings, folk art, wearable art. Free. Dinner at 6:30 pm followed by a live auction. Indian Pueblo Cultural Center viracoalition.org/2015_Quivira_Conference 505.471.5366, kindredspiritsnm@earthlink. Tickets start at $175. iaia.edu, 800.804.6423 2401 12th St. net, www.kindredspiritsnm.org 3rd Annual. 10K, 5K and kids’ walk com- Daily Aug. 19, 6-7:30 pm memorating the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Our Land, Our Culture, Aug. 8 Comment Deadline NMSEA-SF Chapter Meeting Hopi/San I Reed Clan dancers, food, music. Our Story SF MPO Pedestrian Master Plan Amenergy, 1202 Parkway Drive Fundraiser for IPCC museum renovation. Indian Pueblo Cultural Center The public is invited to comment on the Met- SF Sustainable Everything Advocates, a NM Online registration: $35, $20, $10: th t ropolitan Planning Organization’s master plan Solar Energy Assn. chapter, seeks to make living ResilienceRun.org, www.indianpueblo.org 2401 12 S . NW Historical overview of the Pueblo world and con- to improve the pedestrian environment. Send sustainably the accepted norm through creating Aug. 15, 2-3:30 pm temporary artwork and craftsmanship of each of the comments to [email protected]. Cop- public awareness, actions, participation and vol- Home Composting Basics 19 pueblos. Through Oct. 16: Visionary Concepts: ies of the draft may be downloaded at: http:// unteerism in organizations and events that estab- Genres of Pueblo Art, spotlighting artists who depict santafempo.org/pedestrian-master-plan/ lish SF and NM as leaders in this effort. Meets 3rd Taylor Ranch Library pride in culture and tell a story of cultural persever- Weds. each month. [email protected] 5700 Bogart NW ance. 866.855.7902, www.indianpueblo.org Aug. 9 Turn food scraps into plant-ready nutrients, 3rd Annual Resilience Run Aug. 20 Deadline quick & simple with the Bokashi method. “ABQ 2030 District” SF MPO Transportation Plan 505.897.8816, [email protected] Tesuque Pueblo A voluntary collaboration of commercial property Commemoration of the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. Documents that will guide transportation in- Aug. 16, 12-4 pm tenants, building managers, property owners and 505.983.2667 frastructure spending and pedestrian, bicycle, developers; real estate, energy, and building sec- public-transit policy through the year 2040. Neighborhood Day Aug. 11, 4-6 pm Public comments sought. Open house review/ at the ABQ Museum tor professionals, lenders, utility companies; and public stakeholders such as government agencies, Eldorado/285 Recycles discussions: 8/4, 6, 11, 24, 27. 505.955.6664, ABQ Museum of Art nonprofits, community groups and grassroots or- [email protected], www.santafempo.org ECIA Conference Room

38 Green Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Aug. 20, 5-8 pm (Laguna/Santo Domingo) and writer/director Aug. 5-9 Sept. 15 Donation Deadline Poeh Center Opening Shebana Coelho (Bombay, India). A fundraiser for Native Film Series Storydancer Project Navajo Nation Series Poeh Cultural Center and Museum Tano Farm at Hamaatsa that addresses food in- Gallup, NM “Paths Of Beauty: Isabel Gonzales And Shawn security in Indian Country. $95. Tickets and info: Third annual. Native filmmakers. Free services include health clinic trainings, Tafoya.” Free. Embroidery exhibit runs through heirloomfoodandstory.brownpapertickets.com or 505.870.1124, [email protected] presentations for toddlers, preschool and K-6 Nov. 14. (See story, page 17) Center is 15 miles 505.379.2598, [email protected] graders and teacher in-service trainings at north of Santa Fe, just off Hwy. 285/84 Aug. 9 Aug. 29, 10 am-12 pm schools and centers. projectdirector@story Pueblo Independence Day dancer.com, www.thestorydancerproject.org Aug. 20-21 Green Writer’s Circle 40th Annual Wheelwright Jemez Pueblo Plaza Through Sept. 30 Writers engaged in sustainability, ecology, 13-mile pilgrimage run from the plaza to Jemez Museum of the American health and environmental issues meet for Historic Site kicks off events commemorating Ancient Native Farming Indian Benefit Auction training, discussion, publication and infor- the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. Native food, dances, Techniques Exhibit mation resources. RSVP: [email protected] 704 Camino Lejo arts & crafts. Free. nmmonuments.org/jemez Colorado Plateau Intertribal Silent and live auctions of jewelry, textiles, pot- Learning Center, Tuba City, AZ. Aug. 29, 12-4 pm Aug. 15, 12-3 pm tery and fine art. 505.982.4636, wheelwright.org Neighboring Faiths Fiesta Exhibit showcases efforts by elders and commu- Embudo Valley Library Celebration nity leaders from 12 tribes across the Colorado Aug. 20-22 t ohns nited ethodist hurch S . J ’ U M C 217A NM 75, Dixon, NM Plateau to preserve dry farming practices that have Indigenous Fine Art Market Booths from SF congregations of all faiths. Meet Community celebration for the National Med- allowed native peoples to flourish for thousands your “neighbors in faith.” Celebrate diverse tra- SF Railyard Arts District al for Museum and Library Service winner. of years. Open by appointment. alicia.tsosie@ More the 400 traditional and contemporary ditions. Food, music, entertainment, clothing foodcorps.org, www.grandcanyontrust.org/blog/ artists. Live entertainment. Indigefam.org drive for school uniforms for kids and adult win- Aug. 15 Deadline preserving-our-seeds-and-farmer-knowledge ter clothes for Interfaith Shelter. SF Interfaith Collaborative Forest Oct. 23-24 Aug. 21, 5-7 pm Alliance. 505.699.6049, www.ilasantafe.org Restoration Program Visions and Visionaries Opening Traditional Agriculture & Aug. 29-30, 10 am-4 pm Technical Advisory Panel nominations sought Sustainable Living Conference IAIA Museum of Contemporary Fiesta de los Niños: for people with experience in forest ecosystem Northern NM College, Española, NM Native Arts, 108 Cathedral Pl. Children’s Celebration restoration. 505.842.3425, [email protected], The premier collection of contemporary Native www.fs.usda.gov/goto/r3/cfrp 10th annual. This year’s theme: Global Warm- art inaugurates a new wing, the Kieve Family Gal- El Rancho de las Golandrinas, La Ciénega ing and Other Issues Threatening Mother lery, with a multitude of renowned artists curated Games, crafts and entertainment. $8/$6/12 & Aug. 20-23 Earth. International keynote speakers include by Candice Hopkins. 505.983.1666 under free. 505.471.2261, www.golondrinas.org Taos County Fair renowned elder/healer/shaman Angaangaq Angakkorsuaq (“Uncle”) from Greenland and Juan I. Gonzales Agricultural Center Aug. 21, 5-7 pm Sept. 22-24 Dr. Mark Nelson, dir. of First Nations L.E.A.D. Inst. Conf. Livestock exhibits, watermelon and pie the U.K. based Institute New Audiences for Native Films eating contests, live music. 575.758.3982, Buffalo Thunder Resort of Ecotechnics. Panels, Allan Houser Art Park, MoCNA taoscountyfair.com Empowering Native Youth, Strengthen- workshops, hands-on Native Cinema Showcase Film Panel & Reception. ing Tribal Institutions, Nourishing Native activities, vendors, info Sponsored by the Smithsonian’s National Museum Aug. 20, 1-4 pm Foods & Health. (See Newsbite, page 7) booths, heritage seed of the American Indian and the IAIA MoCNA BLM Federal Coal exchange. 518.332.3156, Sept. 2015-May 2016 Program Listening Tour [email protected], Aug. 22, 3-5 pm Institute of American Indian Courtyard Marriott, Farmington, NM http://4bridges.org LaDonna Harris: The Art of Arts Artists in Residence The Bureau of Land Management is seeking public Self-Determination comment on how the agency “can best carry out its Open to Native Americans or First Nations llan ouser rt ark o responsibility to ensure that taxpayers receive a fair A H A P , M CNA artists from the Pacific Northwest, Upper Mid- return on the coal resources managed by the federal Panel discussion on advancing tribal self-de- west and Southwest; one-month terms; pub- government on their behalf.” www.blm.gov/live termination in an era of globalization. With lic receptions and artist talks. 505.424.2389, LaDonna Harris, Kevin Gover, Mark Macarro, [email protected]; applications: iaiaacademics. Aug. 21-22 Laura Harris, Bird Runningwater. The film wufoo.com/forms/iaia-artistsinresidence/ “LaDonna Harris: Indian 101” will be shown in Cowboy Music & Poetry the IAIA MoCNA from Aug. 20-Oct. 20. Dec. 3-4 St. James Hotel and Philmont Acting Out: A Symposium on cout anch imarrón Aug. 22-23 S R , C , NM Indigenous Performance Art Western Music Assn. event. Performed by those Indian Market who live and work in the West. 575.376.9207, Symposium, performances, workshops, video screen- anta e laza CimarronCowboyGathering.com S F P ings. 12/4, 6-8 pm: Performance at the Lensic. Pre- 94th annual gathering of Native artists in- sented by the MoCNA and MIAC. 505.428.5907, Aug. 21-23 cluding many events leading up to and oc- iaia.edu/museum/news-events/upcoming-events/ curring during the market. swaia.org Amigos Bravos Float Trip Tuesdays and Saturdays, 7 am-1 pm io hama Aug. 22-23, 9 am-4:30 pm R C Santa Fe Farmers’ Market A mostly gentle float punctuated by easy Portal Artists Celebration rapids down the wild & scenic river. Valet 1607 Paseo de Peralta (& Guadalupe) alace of the overnors ourtyard service with luxury camping accommo- P G C Northern NM farmers & ranchers offer fresh lue gate on incoln ve dations. $1,720. Partially tax-deductible. (B L A .) greenhouse tomatoes, greens, root veggies, 575.758.3874, [email protected] Artists of the POG Native American Arti- cheese, teas, herbs, spices, honey, baked goods, sans program. Traditional dances, music and body-care products and much more. food. 505.476.5100 Aug. 25, 7 pm www.santafefarmersmarket.com Mesa Prieta Petroglyph Talk Aug. 25, 6-7:30 pm Los Alamos, NM Is Your Cell Phone Making You Sick? HERE & THERE July Through September Learn about the largest petroglyph site in North La Montañita Co-op Community “Under the Tuscan Sun” Expo America. Free. www.losalamosnature.org Room, 913 W. Alameda Learn about patented products that help Galleria Italia, 2874 Hwy. 14 N., Aug. 28, 8 am neutralize the effects and simple ways to Madrid, NM Seed Harvesting Hike M-S 9:30 -5:30, 714.887.9131 decrease exposure. 505.780.8283 Bandelier National Monument, NM Help collect seeds for post-fire Frijoles Creek Aug. 28, 10 am July 31-Aug. 9 Las Vegas Heritage Week restoration project. Free. Meet at Juniper Camp- NM Acequia Commission Meeting ground in Bandelier. www.losalamosnature.org Bataan Memorial Bldg., Room 238 Various Locations, Las Vegas, NM Info: 505.603.2879, molinodelaisla@gmail. 100-horse Cowboy Reunion Parade, cowboy Aug. 31 Submission Deadline com. Agendas: 505.827.4983, www.nm quilt exhibit, rodeo, self-guided tours of his- Questa Quilt Project acequiacommission.state.nm.us toric homes, more. 505.425.8803, lvcchp.org Quilt pieces are sought for an art piece that ex- presses the feelings of New Mexicans about the Aug. 27, 6 pm Aug. 5-9 effects of the now-closed Questa mine. The Heirloom Food and Story Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial quilt will be unveiled on Sept. 12 as part of “The Private Residence Red Rock State Park, Gallup, NM Ground Beneath Our Hearts,” a global spectacle Farm-to-table dinner and spoken-word perfor- Dancers, artisans, musicians, vendors and to honor the resilience of people living in commu- mances celebrating Pueblo and East Indian cul- families from tribes across the U.S. and Méxi- nities affected by mining and oil & gas develop- tures. With master storyteller Larry Littlebird co. 505.863.3896, gallupceremonial.com ment. 505.351.1381, [email protected] www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • August 2015 39 Authentic Native American Art From The Twenty-Two Tribes Of New Mexico

Than Povi Fine Art Gallery It’s not your ordinary gallery...... It’s a cultural experience Special events throughout the month of August

6 Banana Lane, Santa Fe, NM 87506 | Hwy 84/285 Exit 176 | Next to Gabriel’s Restaurant Visit our newest location at the Pueblo of San Ildefonso starting September 1st www.thanpovi.com | 505.455.9988 Ntive American Owne Green40 Fire Times • August 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com