DOCSLIB.ORG

Echinops Orientalis Trautv. Bitkisinin Kökünden Elde Edilen Ekstraktlarin Antimikrobiyal Ve Antikanserojen Etkisin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Echinops Orientalis Trautv. Bitkisinin Kökünden Elde Edilen Ekstraktlarin Antimikrobiyal Ve Antikanserojen Etkisin T.C. ERC İYES ÜN İVERS İTES İ FEN BİLİMLER İ ENST İTÜSÜ BİYOLOJ İ ANAB İLİM DALI ECHINOPS ORIENTALIS TRAUTV. BİTK İSİNİN KÖKÜNDEN ELDE ED İLEN EKSTRAKTLARIN ANT İMİKROB İYAL VE ANT İKANSEROJEN ETK İSİNİN İNCELENMES İ Hazırlayan Dilek DABANLI Danı şman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN Öğr. Gör. Dr. Gökçen D İNÇ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Aralık 2011 KAYSER İ T.C. ERC İYES ÜN İVERS İTES İ FEN BİLİMLER İ ENST İTÜSÜ BİYOLOJ İ ANAB İLİM DALI ECHINOPS ORIENTALIS TRAUTV. BİTK İSİNİN KÖKÜNDEN ELDE ED İLEN EKSTRAKTLARIN ANT İMİKROB İYAL VE ANT İKANSEROJEN ETK İSİNİN İNCELENMES İ (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Hazırlayan Dilek DABANLI Danı şman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN Öğr. Gör. Dr. Gökçen D İNÇ Bu çalı şma; Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Ara ştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından FBY-11-3486 kodlu proje ile desteklenmi ştir. Aralık 2011 KAYSER İ TE ŞEKKÜR Çalı şmalarım boyunca bilimsel duru şuyla beni aydınlatan, zamanını, ilgi ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen de ğerli hocam sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN’ a te şekkürü bir borç bilirim. Çalı şmamın ortaya çıkması sırasında ve sonraki a şamalarda göstermi ş oldu ğu yardım ve yönlendirmelerden dolayı sayın hocam Ö ğr. Gör. Dr. Gökçen D İNÇ’ e sonsuz te şekkür ederim. Beni laboratuvarlarında misafir edip, çalı şmalarıma verdikleri destek için GATA ekibi sayın Prof. Dr. Ali U ğur URAL, Doç. Dr. Ferit AVCU, Uzman Biyolog M. Pınar ELÇ İ ve Uzman Biyolog Meral SARPER’ e çok te şekkür ederim. İhtiyaç duydu ğum her an yardımlarını benden esirgemeyen sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Co şkun TEZ, Doç. Dr. Cem Vural, Yrd. Doç Dr Ebru SAATÇ İ ve Güler TOPRAK’ a te şekkürlerimi sunarım. Çalı şmalarım sırasında beni yalnız bırakmayıp, yardımlarını esirgemeyen çalı şma arkada şlarım Dilek CEYLAN, Tu ğba D İŞ YAPAR, Ebru KARADA Ş, Fatih Serdar ŞAH İN, Sevgi BAKIR, Murat TELC İOĞLU, Metin KILIÇ, Handan ŞAPÇI, Ömer ERG İN ve Osman İBİŞ ’ e çok te şekkür ederim. En derinden te şekkürlerim beni hiç yalnız bırakmayan, en vazgeçti ğim zamanlarda bile her şeyi anlamlı kılan ailem Seher DABANLI, Torun DABANLI, Ahmet ÇET İNOK, Mü şerref ÇET İNOK, Nevzat ÇET İNOK, Şengül ÖZP İŞ KİN KEBAPÇI ve Mehmet Ali BAHAR’ a. Bu tez çalı şmasına maddi destek veren Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Ara ştırma Projeleri Birimi’ne ( Proje No: FBY-11-3486) te şekkür ederim. Dilek DABANLI Kayseri, Aralık 2011 ECHINOPS ORIENTALIS TRAUTV. B İTK İSİNİN KÖKÜNDEN ELDE ED İLEN EKSTRAKTLARIN ANT İMİKROB İYAL VE ANT İKANSEROJEN ETK İSİNİN İNCELENMES İ Dilek DABANLI Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aralık 2011 Danı şman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN Öğr. Gör. Dr. Gökçen D İNÇ KISA ÖZET Bu çalı şmada Echinops orientalis Trautv. türüne ait örneklerin kök kısımlarının metanol, kloroform ve hekzan ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal ve antikanserojenik özellikleri ara ştırılmı ştır. Metanol, kloroform ve hekzan ekstaraktları 14 standart bakteri ve bir fungus türü ile, üç hücre hattı üzerinde uygulanmı ştır. Antimikrobiyal etki disk difüzyon ve M İK deneyleri yapılarak, antikanserojenik aktivite ise MTT yöntemi uygulanarak ara ştırılmı ştır. Sonuçlar ekstraktların antimikrobiyal özelli ği bulunmadı ğını; hücre tipi, zaman ve konsantrasyona ba ğlı olarak da sitotoksik etkisi oldu ğunu göstermi ştir. Kloroform ve hekzan ekstraktlarının hücreler üzerinde metanol ekstraktından daha etkili oldu ğu görülmü ştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar E. orientalis’ in kanser tedavisinde kemoterapötik bir bitki olarak dikkate alınması gerekti ğini göstermi ştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Echinops orientalis, Antimikrobiyal, Antikanserojen, Hücre Kültürü, MTT SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICARSINOJENIC EFFECTS OF ECHINOPS ORIENTALIS ROOT EXTRACTS Dilek DABANLI Erciyes University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences M.Sc. Thesis, December 2011 Supervisor: Asist. Prof. Servet ÖZCAN University Lecturer Dr. Gökçen D İNÇ ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic effects of Echinops orientalis root extract. Methanolic, chloroformic and hexanoic extracts Echinops orientalis was evaluated on 14 bacteria and one fungi and in vitro on two human cell lines (MCF-7, PC3 and fibroblast cells as control group). Antimicrobial effects of extracts were determined by disc-difusion and MIC and anticarcinogenic effects of the extracts were determined by MTT assay. Results showed that there were not antimicrobiological effect of the extracts Depending on cell type and concentration used extracts had different effect. Chloroformic and hexanoic extracts had more strong effect than methanolic extract effect. Echinops orientalis could be considered as a chemotherapeutic plant in cancer treatment in future. Keywords: Echinops orientalis, Antimicrobial, Anticarcinogenic, Cell Culture, MTT İÇİNDEK İLER ECHINOPS ORIENTALIS TRAUTV. BİTK İSİNİN KÖKÜNDEN ELDE ED İLEN EKSTRAKTLARIN ANT İMİKROB İYAL VE ANT İKANSEROJEN ETK İSİNİN İNCELENMES İ Sayfa BİLİMSEL ET İĞ E UYGUNLUK SAYFASI ...................................................................... ii YÖNERGEYE UYGUNLUK SAYFASI ............................................................................. iii KABUL VE ONAY SAYFASI ............................................................................................ iv ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................................. v ÖZET..................................................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... vii İÇİNDEK İLER ..................................................................................................................... viii KISALTMALAR L İSTES İ ................................................................................................... xi SEMBOLLER L İSTES İ ....................................................................................................... xii TABLOLAR L İSTES İ .......................................................................................................... xiv ŞEK İLLER L İSTES İ ............................................................................................................ xv GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................................... 1 1. BÖLÜM GENEL B İLG İLER 1.1. Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Kullanım Alanları…………………………………….…..3 2.1. Antimikrobiyal Aktivite…………………………………………………......4 2.2. Kullanılan Su şlar ve Özellikleri…………………………………………….4 3. Hücre Kültürü………………………………………………………………....6 3.1. Tarihçe…………………………………………………………………….…7 3.2. Kültür Hücrelerinin Biyolojisi ……………………………………………...8 3.4. Hücre Döngüsü……………………………………………………………....9 3.5. Laboratuvar Düzeni ve Ekipmanları……………………………………..10 3.6. Hücre Kültür Mediumları………………………………………………....11 3.6.1.Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri…………………………………….....11 3.6.2. PBS (Fosfatla Tamponlanmış Tuz Solüsyonu)………………....12 3.6.3. Medium ve İçerikleri ………………………………………….…12 3.7. Hücre Kültür Modelleri………………………………………………..….14 3.8. Sitotoksisite………………………………………………………….……...15 3.8.1. MTT Testi………………………………………………………....15 3.9. Deneylerde Kullanılan Hücre Hatlarının Genel Özellikleri……….…....16 4. Echinops orientalis Bitkisinin Sınıflandırılması…………………………....17 4.1. Asteraceae Familyasının Genel Özellikleri………………………….…...17 4.2. Echinops Cinsinin Genel Özellikleri……………………………………….17 4.3. Echinops orientalis’ in Genel Özellikleri…………………………………...18 4.4. Echinops Cinsine Ait Çalı şmalar ve Kullanımı……………………….….19 2. BÖLÜM GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM 2.1. Bitkisel Materyal………………………………………………………….22 2.2. Bitkilerin Toplanması………………………………………………….....22 2.3. Bitki Ekstraktlarının Hazırlanması…………………………………….22 2.4. Antimikrobiyal Testlerde Kullanılan Mikroorganizmalar…………...23 2.5. Antimikrobiyal Aktivite Testleri………………………………………..24 2.5.1. Disk Difüzyon Metodu………………………………………….24 2.5.2. Mikrodilusyon Metodu…………………………………………26 2.6. Hücre Kültürü…………………………………………………………….26 2.6.1 Hücrelerin Temini……………………………………………….26 2.6.2. Hücrelerin Büyütülece ği Mediumun Hazırlanması…………..27 2.6.3. Hücrelerin Kültür Basamakları………………………….……27 2.6.4. Hücrelerin Sayımı………………………………………………27 2.6.5. Hücrelerin ELISA Pleytlerindeki Optimizasyonu…………....28 2.6.6. Hücreler Üzerindeki Etkisi İncelenecek Ekstraktların Optimizasyonu…………..………………………..…...28 2.6.7. MTT Test Metodu…………………………………………...….29 3. BÖLÜM BULGULAR 3.1. Ekstraksiyon Verimi…………………………………………………..…..30 3.2. Bitki Ekstraktlarının Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri …………………......30 3.3. Mikrodilüsyon Sonuçları………………………………………………….30 3.4. Bitki Ekstraktlarının Kültür Hücreleri Üzerine Etkileri………………35 3.4.1. Bitki Ekstraktlarının MCF-7 Hücre Hattı Üzerine Etkisi…....35 3.4.2. Bitki Ekstraktlarının PC-3 Hücre Hattı Üzerine Etkisi …........37 3.4.3. Bitki Ekstraktlarının Fibroblast Hücreleri Üzerine Etkisi.......40 4. BÖLÜM TARTI ŞMA-SONUÇ ve ÖNER İLER 4.1. Ekstraksiyon Verimi……………………………………………………44 4.2. Antimikrobiyal Aktivite………………………………………………..45 4.3. Kültür Hücreleri Üzerine Etkisi……………………………………….46 KAYNAKLAR………………………………………………..………………49 ÖZGEÇM İŞ …………………………………………………………………..55 KISALTMA L İSTES İ WHO World Health Organization CAMs Kalsiyuma ba ğlı olmayan adezyon mokelülleri HEPES N-2-hidroksi etilpiperazin N-2 etansulfonik asit PBS Fosfatla Tamponlanmı ş Tuz Solüsyonu MTT 3-(4,5-dimetiltriazol-2-il)-2,5- difeniltetrazolium bromid MİK Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyonu ATCC American Type Culture Collection TSA Triptik Soy Agar YPDA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Feasibility Study of Kailash Sacred Landscape
    Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation Initiative Feasability Assessment Report - Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal June 2010 Contributors, Advisors, Consultants Core group contributors • Chaudhary, Ram P., Professor, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University; National Coordinator, KSLCI-Nepal • Shrestha, Krishna K., Head, Central Department of Botany • Jha, Pramod K., Professor, Central Department of Botany • Bhatta, Kuber P., Consultant, Kailash Sacred Landscape Project, Nepal Contributors • Acharya, M., Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC) • Bajracharya, B., International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) • Basnet, G., Independent Consultant, Environmental Anthropologist • Basnet, T., Tribhuvan University • Belbase, N., Legal expert • Bhatta, S., Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation • Bhusal, Y. R. Secretary, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Das, A. N., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Ghimire, S. K., Tribhuvan University • Joshi, S. P., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Khanal, S., Independent Contributor • Maharjan, R., Department of Forest • Paudel, K. C., Department of Plant Resources • Rajbhandari, K.R., Expert, Plant Biodiversity • Rimal, S., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Sah, R.N., Department of Forest • Sharma, K., Department of Hydrology • Shrestha, S. M., Department of Forest • Siwakoti, M., Tribhuvan University • Upadhyaya, M.P., National Agricultural Research Council
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation
    Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation Karnali Province Government Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation Karnali Province Government Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Copyright: © 2020 Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of Ministry of Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal Editors: Krishna Prasad Acharya, PhD and Prakash K. Paudel, PhD Technical Team: Achyut Tiwari, PhD, Jiban Poudel, PhD, Kiran Thapa Magar, Yogendra Poudel, Sher Bahadur Shrestha, Rajendra Basukala, Sher Bahadur Rokaya, Himalaya Saud, Niraj Shrestha, Tejendra Rawal Production Editors: Prakash Basnet and Anju Chaudhary Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Acharya, K. P., Paudel, P. K. (2020). Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation. Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal Cover photograph: Tibetan wild ass in Limi valley © Tashi R. Ghale Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, Karnali province, people-wildlife nexus, biodiversity profile Editors’ Note Gyau Khola Valley, Upper Humla © Geraldine Werhahn This book “Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation”, is prepared to consolidate existing knowledge about the state of biodiversity in Karnali province. The book presents interrelated dynamics of society, physical environment, flora and fauna that have implications for biodiversity conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinops Heterophyllus Family
    Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND TESTING THE EFFECT OF IRAQI ECHINOPS HETEROPHYLLUS FAMILY COMPOSITAE ON WOUND HEALING A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Pharmacognosy and Committee of the Graduate Studies of the College of Pharmacy - University of Baghdad in A Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) By Enas Jawad Kadhim (M.Sc. Pharmacognosy, 2001) Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alaa A. Abdulrasool Co-supervisor: Assist Prof. Dr. Zainab J. Awad 2013 1434 بسى هللا انشحًٍ انشحٍى ﴿ٌَشفع ٱلل ه ٱن زٌ ٍَ َءا َي ُ هٕ ا ي ُ هك ى َٔ ٱن ز ٌ ٍَ أٔح هٕ ا ٱن ع ه َى َد َس َ خ ج َٔ ٱلل ه ب ًَ ا ح َع ًَ ه هٌٕ َخ ب ٍ ش ﴾ طذق هللا انعظٍى سورة المجادلة : اﻻٌة ۱۱ Certificate We certify that this thesis entitled (Phytochemical investigation and testing the effect of Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus Family Compositae on wound healing) was prepared under our supervision at the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy- University of Baghdad in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) Signature: Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alaa A. Abdulrasool Date: Department: Signature: Co-supervisor: Ass. Prof. Dr . Zainab J. Awad Date: Department In view of the available recommendation, I forward this thesis for debate by the Examining Committee: Signature: Name: Chairman of the Committee Graduate Studies in the College of Pharmacy Date: Certificate We, the Examining Committee after reading this thesis entitled (Phytochemical investigation and testing the effect of Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus Family Compositae on wound healing) and examining the student (Inas Jawad Kadhim ) in its content, found it adequate as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy).
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX SEMINUM 2020 No 20
    BOTANICAL GARDEN OF ŠIAULIAI UNIVERSITY INDEX SEMINUM 2020 No 20 2020 1 BOTANICAL GARDEN OF ŠIAULIAI UNIVERSITY ______________________________________________________________________________ Phone: +370 659 93748 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://bs.su.lt/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SUbotanikossodas/ Authors: Virginija Aleknienė, Martynas Kazlauskas, Rimanta Vainorienė, Žydrūnė Valainytė, Rita Šulskienė. Cover design Karolis Grušas Photos are from the archyve of botanical garden 2 ŠIAULIAI UNIVERSITY BOTANICAL GARDEN ŠIAULIAI AREA. Šiauliai is a city of Northern Lithuania. It counts its years from the Battle of Saulė which took place in 1236. Šiauliai is the fourth largest city by its population. Population: 106 400. HISTORY. Šiauliai University Botanical Garden was established in 1997 at the former site of Agrobiological Station of Šiauliai University. Total area of the garden is 6.54 ha. Since 2003 Botanical Garden of Šiauliai University is a member of Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Planta Europa Network, Association of Botanic Gardens in the Baltic Sea Region, Botanical Gardens of the Baltic Countries and the Association of Lithuanian University Botanic Gardens (LUBSA). Since 2005 the Botanic Garden is a member of International Network of Phenological Gardens of Europe (IPG). There is a Club of Botanic Garden Friends at the Botanical Garden. The Garden exchanges seeds with more than 300 botanical gardens of the world. Director: dr. Martynas Kazlauskas. Fields of research: • research on plant biodiversity ex situ and in situ, • research on introduction and acclimatization of ornamental plants, • phenological observations. Other activities: • ex situ conservation, • educational activities at the Botanical Garden, • organization of events at the Botanical Garden. COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribe Cardueae (Compositae) 1
    American Journal of Botany 100(5): 867–882. 2013. R ECONSTRUCTING THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 1 OF TRIBE CARDUEAE (COMPOSITAE) L AIA B ARRES 2,7,8 , I SABEL S ANMARTÍN 3 , C AJSA LISA A NDERSON 3,6 , A LFONSO S USANNA 2 , S VEN B UERKI 3,4 , M ERCÈ G ALBANY-CASALS 5 , AND R OSER V ILATERSANA 2 2 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia s.n., E-08038 Barcelona, Spain; 3 Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 4 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; 5 Unitat de Botànica, Dept. Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; and 6 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 450 30 Göteborg, Sweden • Premise of the study: Tribe Cardueae (thistles) forms one of the largest tribes in the family Compositae (2400 species), with representatives in almost every continent. The greatest species richness of Cardueae occurs in the Mediterranean region where it forms an important element of its fl ora. New fossil evidence and a nearly resolved phylogeny of Cardueae are used here to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of this group. • Methods: We performed maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inference based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA markers. Divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions for main lineages were estimated using penal- ized likelihood and dispersal–vicariance analyses, respectively, and integrated over the posterior distribution of the phylogeny from the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to accommodate uncertainty in phylogenetic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of Multiplex Fluorimetric Sensor for the Analysis
    Sytar et al. Biological Research 2015, 48:5 http://www.biolres.com/content/48/1/5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The application of multiplex fluorimetric sensor for the analysis of flavonoids content in the medicinal herbs family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae Oksana Sytar1,2*, Klaudia Bruckova2, Elena Hunkova2, Marek Zivcak2, Kiessoun Konate3 and Marian Brestic2 Abstract Background: The aim of our research work was to quantify total flavonoid contents in the leaves of 13 plant species family Asteraceae, 8 representatives of family Lamiaceae and 9 plant species belonging to family Rosaceae, using the multiplex fluorimetric sensor. Fluorescence was measured using optical fluorescence apparatus Multiplex (R) 3 (Force-A, France) for non-destructive flavonoids estimation. The content of total flavonoids was estimated by FLAV index (expressed in relative units), that is deduced from flavonoids UV absorbing properties. Results: Among observed plant species, the highest amount of total flavonoids has been found in leaves of Helianthus multiflorus (1.65 RU) and Echinops ritro (1.27 RU), Rudbeckia fulgida (1.13 RU) belonging to the family Asteraceae. Lowest flavonoid content has been observed in the leaves of marigold (Calendula officinalis) (0.14 RU) also belonging to family Asteraceae. The highest content of flavonoids among experimental plants of family Rosaceae has been estimated in the leaves of Rosa canina (1.18 RU) and among plant species of family Lamiaceae in the leaves of Coleus blumei (0.90 RU). Conclusions: This research work was done as pre-screening of flavonoids content in the leaves of plant species belonging to family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae. Results indicated that statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in flavonoids content were observed not only between families, but also among individual plant species within one family.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifizierung Der Antimykobakteriellen Substanzen in Den Wurzeln Von Echinops Kebericho
    Stephanie Kuras Identifizierung der antimykobakteriellen Substanzen in den Wurzeln von Echinops kebericho Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Magistra der Pharmazie an der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Karl- Franzens- Universität Graz Betreuung: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Bucar Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Bereich Pharmakognosie Graz, Mai 2014 Danksagung Zuerst möchte ich Herrn Ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. rer. nat. Franz Bucar danken, der es mir ermöglichte in dem Bereich der Pharmakognosie zu arbeiten, für die Bereitstellung des Arbeitsplatzes sowie für die stets nette und kompetente Betreuung. Besonders danke ich Frau Ing. Elvira Knauder, die mir jederzeit mit Ratschlägen und Hilfestellungen zur Seite stand, welche mir das Laborleben um einiges erleichterten. Dank gebührt auch Herrn Dr. rer. nat. Abraham Wube für die Bereitstellung des Pflanzenmaterials und Herrn Dr. Olaf Kunert für die Durchführung der NMR- Messungen. Ein großes Dankeschön geht auch an Frau Mag. Sandra Prasch für die Einführung ins antimykobakterielle Arbeiten und die freundliche Hilfsbereitschaft, die sie mir ständig entgegenbrachte. Bedanken möchte ich mich natürlich auch bei meiner Familie und meinen Freunden für die moralische Unterstützung, die Motivation und den Zuspruch. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung .................................................................................................. 1 2 Theoretische Grundlagen ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear DNA Amounts in Angiosperms: Targets, Trends and Tomorrow
    Annals of Botany Page 1 of 124 doi:10.1093/aob/mcq258, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: targets, trends and tomorrow M. D. Bennett* and I. J. Leitch Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK * For correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 25 August 2010 Returned for revision: 18 October 2010 Accepted: 24 November 2010 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 Extending the range of genome sizes encountered in angiosperms 3 The need for reference lists 4 TARGETS IN GENOME SIZE RESEARCH 4 Downloaded from Meeting targets for species representation 4 Progress towards targets for familial representation 5 Improved systematic representation for genera 6 Improved representation of other groups 6 TRENDS IN TECHNIQUES USED TO ESTIMATE GENOME SIZE 7 The rise in flow cytometry as the technique of choice for genome size estimations 7 http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ Development of different isolation buffers for flow cytometry 7 The application of flow cytometry to plant systematics 8 Recent developments in the application of flow cytometry to genome size studies 8 (i) The use of seeds 8 (ii) Ease of access to methodological data 8 (iii) New equipment 8 Are there any new techniques for estimating genome size on the horizon? 9 (i) Can real time PCR be used for estimating plant genome sizes? 9 (ii) Will ‘complete’ genome sequencing give useable genome size estimates? 9 TOMORROW 13 at NIH Library on December 30, 2015 Uncovering and collating genome size data from diverse published sources 14 Screening ex situ and in situ collections as sources of target taxa 15 DEDICATION 15 LITERATURE CITED 16 APPENDIX 19 Notes to the Appendix 19 Original references for DNA values 121 † Background and Aims The amount of DNA in an unreplicated gametic chromosome complement is known as the C-value and is a key biodiversity character of fundamental significance with many practical and predictive uses.
    [Show full text]
  • World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmacognostical
    World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN (Print): 2321-3310; ISSN (Online): 2321-3086 Published by Atom and Cell Publishers © All Rights Reserved Available online at: http://www.wjpsonline.org/ Review Article Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological of Echinops Echinatus Roxb: A comprehensive review Pirjade Mujawar Farhat AslamA*, Jadhav SantoshA, Sawale JyotiramB, Patil ManojkumarA Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IndiaA Department of Pharmacognosy, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IndiaB Received: 17-06-2015 / Revised: 23-07-2015 / Accepted: 24-07-2015 ABSTRACT In traditional medicine most of the diseases have been treated by administration of plant or plant product. Echinops echinatus Roxb is the useful traditional medicinal plant in India. During the last five decades, apart from the chemistry of the Echinops echinatus Roxb compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of Echinops echinatus Roxb. Various parts of the plant like seeds, roots, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits have been investigated for their significant phytochemicals. Phytochemicals like flavanol glycoside Kaempferol, kaempferol 4'-methylether, kaempferol 7- methylether, kaempferol 3-O- alpha- L- rhamnoside, myrecetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside have been reported for significant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal, antispasmodic etc. The article reviews is an attempt to compile and documented information on different aspect of Echinops echinatus Roxb pharmacological properties and highlight the need for research and their potential development. Keywords: Traditional medicine, Echinops echinatus Roxb, pharmacological action, biological activity. INTRODUCTION processing techniques of standardized extracts are also patentable. 1-2 Herbal medicine plays an important role in the healthcare of many developing countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Research
    Biological Research This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. The application of multiplex fluorimetric sensor for the analysis of flavonoids content in the medicinal herbs family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae Biological Research 2015, 48:5 doi:10.1186/0717-6287-48-5 Oksana Sytar ([email protected]) Klaudia Bruckova ([email protected]) Elena Hunkova ([email protected]) Marek Zivcak ([email protected]) Kiessoun Konate ([email protected]) Marian Brestic ([email protected]) ISSN 0717-6287 Article type Research article Submission date 10 July 2014 Acceptance date 8 January 2015 Publication date 16 January 2015 Article URL http://www.biolres.com/content/48/1/5 This peer-reviewed article can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). For information about publishing your research in Biological Research or any BioMed Central journal, go to http://www.biolres.com/authors/instructions/ For information about other BioMed Central publications go to http://www.biomedcentral.com/ © 2015 Sytar et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity, Ethnobotany and Conservation Status of the Flora of Kaghan Valley Mansehra, Nwfp
    BIODIVERSITY, ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE FLORA OF KAGHAN VALLEY MANSEHRA, NWFP. PAKISTAN. BY ZAFAR JAMAL Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan 2009 BIODIVERSITY, ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE FLORA OF KAGHAN VALLEY MANSEHRA, NWFP. PAKISTAN. A Thesis Submitted to the Quaid-i-Azam University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Plant Sciences Plant Taxonomy (Biodiversity, Ethnobotany) By ZAFAR JAMAL Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan 2009 IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL. i “He laid out the earth for His creatures, with all its fruits and palms having sheathed cluster, and grain with husk and scented herbs. So, O jinn and men, which of your Rabb’s favors will both of you deny?” Al.Quran. (Sura Rahman, Ayat: 9-13) ii Dedicated to My Loving Father and Mother (Mr. & Mrs. Ameer Hussain Abbasi). iii CERTIFICATE This thesis submitted by Mr. Zafar Jamal is accepted in its present form by the Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan as satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Sciences (Plant Taxonomy). 1. Internal Examiner __________________ (Supervisor) (Prof. Dr. Mir Ajab Khan) Dean, Faculty of Biological Sciences. 2. External Examiner __________________ 3. External Examiner __________________ 4. Chairman __________________ (Department of Plant Sciences) Dated: - ___________________ iv CONTENTS.
    [Show full text]