Keep on Scrapping: the Salvage Drives of World War Ii
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hahn on Finlay, 'Growing American Rubber: Strategic Plants and the Politics of National Security'
H-Environment Hahn on Finlay, 'Growing American Rubber: Strategic Plants and the Politics of National Security' Review published on Wednesday, January 18, 2012 Mark R. Finlay. Growing American Rubber: Strategic Plants and the Politics of National Security. Studies in Modern Science, Technology, and the Environment Series. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2009. xiii + 317 pp. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8135-4483-0. Reviewed by Barbara Hahn (Texas Tech University) Published on H-Environment (January, 2012) Commissioned by Dolly Jørgensen Rubber and Empire “We could recover from the blowing up of New York City and all the big cities of the eastern seaboard,” declared Harvey S. Firestone in 1926, “more quickly ... than we could recover from the loss of our rubber” (p. 63). Firestone, of course, relied on rubber for his tire empire; his explosive example was no less true for that. Rubber was a crucial input for most twentieth-century technologies: it contributed insulation for telegraph wires as well as tires for automobiles, bicycles, trucks, and airplanes. It also made rubber gloves and medical tubing, condoms, and tennis shoes. From hospitals to auto repair shops, rubber went into every industry--both Henry Ford and Thomas Edison counted it an input. In 1942, the United States consumed 60 percent of the world’s rubber but produced almost none; 97 percent was produced in the Pacific, in regions that had fallen to the Japanese after Pearl Harbor. The U.S. government rationed gasoline during World War II--primarily to protect the supplies of rubber that would otherwise be used in tires, by motorists. -
Some Insights from a Comparison of the German and Us-American Synthetic Rubber Programs Before, During and After World War 11.1
CAN POLITICIANS SPEED UP LONG-TERM TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE? SOME INSIGHTS FROM A COMPARISON OF THE GERMAN AND US-AMERICAN SYNTHETIC RUBBER PROGRAMS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR 11.1 Jochen Streb Heidelberg University ABSTRACT I investigated the effect of government demand on firms’ innovation activi ties comparing the German and American synthetic rubber industries be fore, during and after World War II. I obtained three main results. 1. Be cause ofthe low price ofnatural tubber, price and sales guarantees were needed to motivate firms to produce the synthetic rubber BUNA S. 2. Facing fixed prices I.G. Farben improved their efficiency more than the American firms working under cost plus contracts. 3. The patent sharing agreement of the American synthetic rubber program caused firms to hold back advanced syn thetic rubber inventions. Can International Competitiveness be Achieved through National Technology Policy? Present-day mass unemployment and low economic growth in many European econo mies have led to doubts about whether domestic industries can deal with increasing competition from producers in countries with lower wages. However, international com parative research shows that firms located in a country with comparatively high wages may be able to dominate international competition in the long term, as long as they are in a position to open new markets by applying innovative technologies.2 This is due to the fact that the first mover has an array of economic advantages over his competitors who lag behind. At first, the innovator’s already established brand name may have tied the consumers to his products. In addition, it is also possible that he can underbid the emerging competitors in a price war, even with comparatively high wages, since on ac count of his greater current and accumulated output he experiences cost reductions due to economies of scale and increases in efficiency subsequent to “Learning by doing.” Finally, his greater experience leads to advantage with the new technologies in the area of research and development. -
The Pillars of American Grand Strategy in World War II by Tami Davis Biddle
Leveraging Strength: The Pillars of American Grand Strategy in World War II by Tami Davis Biddle Tami Davis Biddle is the Hoyt S. Vandenberg Chair of Aerospace Studies at the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle, PA. She is the author of Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Thinking about Strategic Bombing, 1914–1945, and is at work on a new book titled, Taking Command: The United States at War, 1944–1945. This article is based on a lecture she delivered in March 2010 in The Hertog Program on Grand Strategy, jointly sponsored by Temple University’s Center for Force and Diplomacy, and FPRI. Abstract: This article argues that U.S. leaders navigated their way through World War II challenges in several important ways. These included: sustaining a functional civil-military relationship; mobilizing inside a democratic, capitalist paradigm; leveraging the moral high ground ceded to them by their enemies; cultivating their ongoing relationship with the British, and embra- cing a kind of adaptability and resiliency that facilitated their ability to learn from mistakes and take advantage of their enemies’ mistakes. ooking back on their World War II experience from the vantage point of the twenty-first century, Americans are struck, first of all, by the speed L with which everything was accomplished: armies were raised, fleets of planes and ships were built, setbacks were overcome, and great victories were won—all in a mere 45 months. Between December 1941 and August 1945, Americans faced extraordinary challenges and accepted responsibilities they had previously eschewed. -
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index
GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index A (General) Abeokuta: the Alake of Abram, Morris B.: see A (General) Abruzzi: Duke of Absher, Franklin Roosevelt: see A (General) Adams, C.E.: see A (General) Adams, Charles, Dr. D.F., C.E., Laura Franklin Delano, Gladys, Dorothy Adams, Fred: see A (General) Adams, Frederick B. and Mrs. (Eilen W. Delano) Adams, Frederick B., Jr. Adams, William Adult Education Program Advertisements, Sears: see A (General) Advertising: Exhibits re: bill (1944) against false advertising Advertising: Seagram Distilleries Corporation Agresta, Fred Jr.: see A (General) Agriculture Agriculture: Cotton Production: Mexican Cotton Pickers Agriculture: Department of (photos by) Agriculture: Department of: Weather Bureau Agriculture: Dutchess County Agriculture: Farm Training Program Agriculture: Guayule Cultivation Agriculture: Holmes Foundry Company- Farm Plan, 1933 Agriculture: Land Sale Agriculture: Pig Slaughter Agriculture: Soil Conservation Agriculture: Surplus Commodities (Consumers' Guide) Aircraft (2) Aircraft, 1907- 1914 (2) Aircraft: Presidential Aircraft: World War II: see World War II: Aircraft Airmail Akihito, Crown Prince of Japan: Visit to Hyde Park, NY Akin, David Akiyama, Kunia: see A (General) Alabama Alaska Alaska, Matanuska Valley Albemarle Island Albert, Medora: see A (General) Albright, Catherine Isabelle: see A (General) Albright, Edward (Minister to Finland) Albright, Ethel Marie: see A (General) Albright, Joe Emma: see A (General) Alcantara, Heitormelo: see A (General) Alderson, Wrae: see A (General) Aldine, Charles: see A (General) Aldrich, Richard and Mrs. Margaret Chanler Alexander (son of Charles and Belva Alexander): see A (General) Alexander, John H. Alexitch, Vladimir Joseph Alford, Bradford: see A (General) Allen, Mrs. Idella: see A (General) 2 Allen, Mrs. Mary E.: see A (General) Allen, R.C. -
In Search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States, and the Nature of A
IN SEARCH OF THE AMAZON AMERICAN ENCOUNTERS/GLOBAL INTERACTIONS A series edited by Gilbert M. Joseph and Emily S. Rosenberg This series aims to stimulate critical perspectives and fresh interpretive frameworks for scholarship on the history of the imposing global pres- ence of the United States. Its primary concerns include the deployment and contestation of power, the construction and deconstruction of cul- tural and political borders, the fluid meanings of intercultural encoun- ters, and the complex interplay between the global and the local. American Encounters seeks to strengthen dialogue and collaboration between histo- rians of U.S. international relations and area studies specialists. The series encourages scholarship based on multiarchival historical research. At the same time, it supports a recognition of the represen- tational character of all stories about the past and promotes critical in- quiry into issues of subjectivity and narrative. In the process, American Encounters strives to understand the context in which meanings related to nations, cultures, and political economy are continually produced, chal- lenged, and reshaped. IN SEARCH OF THE AMAzon BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE NATURE OF A REGION SETH GARFIELD Duke University Press Durham and London 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Scala by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in - Publication Data Garfield, Seth. In search of the Amazon : Brazil, the United States, and the nature of a region / Seth Garfield. pages cm—(American encounters/global interactions) Includes bibliographical references and index. -
The Paradox of Planning in World War II
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Rockoff, Hugh Working Paper The Paradox of Planning in World War II Working Paper, No. 1995-13 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, Rutgers University Suggested Citation: Rockoff, Hugh (1996) : The Paradox of Planning in World War II, Working Paper, No. 1995-13, Rutgers University, Department of Economics, New Brunswick, NJ This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/94307 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu 95-13 April 1996 The Paradox of Planning in the United States during World War II* Hugh Rockoff Department of Economics Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08903-5055 908-932-7857 For Discussion Only I. -
9Th Grade Textbook Packet
To defeat Japanese in the military during the war, including 350,000 women. ITALY AND GERMANY In 1922, and Italian fascism, the United States mobilized all i~periilism and German former journalist Benito Mussolini ,.foe massive government spending required to wage ofits economic resources. and 40,000 of his black-shirted sup nd wrenched the economy out ofthe total war boosted industrial production a porters seized control of Italy, taking Great Depression. advantage of a paralyzed political sys Four years after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States and its allies tem incapable of dealing with wide in the cos!!_iest and most destructive war in history. Cit emerged victorious spread unemployment, runaway d, nations dismembered, and societies transformed. More ies were destroye inflation, mass strikes, and fears of million people were killed in the war between 1939 and 1945-per than 50 communism. By 1925, Mussolini was ofthem civilians, including millions ofJews and other ethnic haps 60 percent wielding dictatorial power;:s "Il Duce" eath camps and Soviet concentration camps. minorities in Nazi d (the Leader). He called his version -of and scale of the Second World War ended America's tra The global scope antisociali~ totalitarian nationalism ofisolationism. By 1945, the United States was the world's most power dition Jascisn1, All political parties except the and global responsibilitie~. The war ful nation, with new international interests Fascists were eliminated, and several in Europe and Asia that the Soviet Union and the United left power vacuums political opponents were murdered. fill to protect their military, economic, and political interests. -
Historical Materials in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library
HISTORICAL MATERIALS IN THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION April 2011 FOREWORD It seems to me that the dedication of a library is in itself an act of faith. To bring together the records of the past and to house them in buildings where they will be preserved for the use of men and women in the future, a Nation must believe in three things. It must believe in the past. It must believe in the future. It must, above all, believe in the capacity of its own people so to learn from the past that they can gain in judgement in creating their own future. ...This latest addition to the archives of America is dedicated at a moment when government of the people by themselves is being attacked everywhere. It is, therefore, proof - if any proof is needed - that our confidence in the future of democracy has not diminished in this Nation and will not diminish. Franklin D. Roosevelt Remarks at the dedication of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. June 30, 1941 This is a list of holdings of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Included are the President's personal and family papers, papers covering his public career at the state and national level, those of Eleanor Roosevelt, as well as those of many of his associates in public and private life. The Library, a gift to the American people from the President, had its beginnings in 1939 when Franklin Roosevelt turned over to the Government 16 acres of the family estate at Hyde Park. -
ELMER KEISER BOLTON June 23, 1886-Jidy 30, 1968
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES E LMER KEISER BOLTON 1886—1968 A Biographical Memoir by RO BE R T M. J O Y C E Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1983 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. ELMER KEISER BOLTON June 23, 1886-Jidy 30, 1968 BY ROBERT M. JOYCE LMER KEISER BOLTON was one of the outstanding leaders E of industrial research. He became an industrial re- search director at a time when research was only beginning to be a significant factor in the chemical industry. There were no models for this new role, and Bolton's concepts of direct- ing industrial research were in large measure those that he formulated himself, reflecting his vision and drive to achieve important commercial goals. The record of industrial products developed by Du Pont research organizations that he directed is impressive; it in- cludes synthetic dyes and intermediates, flotation chemicals, rubber chemicals, neoprene synthetic rubber, nylon synthetic fiber, and Teflon® polytetrafluoroethylene resin. His leader- ship in bringing these developments to fruition was always apparent to management and to those he directed, but be- cause of his characteristic self-effacement his name is not widely associated with these accomplishments. Throughout his career he supported and encouraged his technical person- nel. Most important, he had the knack of picking the right time and direction to take in moving a research lead into development. Many of his decisions proved crucial to the ultimate success of these ventures. -
Augustana College
Augustana College HIST 315 Concepts addressed: The Second World War and the Post War Period 1939-1963 Timeline: The Road to World War II 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1933 Hitler took power in Germany 1934-37 Nye Committee 1935 Italy's invasion of Ethiopia 1937 Japan's invasion of China 9/1/1939 German invasion of Poland 1940 Fall of France 1940 Roosevelt's election to a third term 1941 Lend-Lease program began 1941 Germany's invasion of Russia 1941 Japanese extend protectorate over Indochina 12/7/1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor Period Goals & Key Concepts: Road to War • Understand the US role in the broader policy of appeasement. • Trace US neutrality and the gradual evidence of wartime aid and involvement. • Explain the election of 1940 in the context of neutrality. • Detail the attack on Peal Harbor and the subsequent US reactions. Timeline: WWII 1941 War Powers Act passed 1942 War Production Board established 1942 Revenue Act of 1942 May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea June 1942 Battle of Midway Nov. 1942 U.S. North Africa campaign launched 1/1943 Casablanca Conference July 1943 U.S. troops land in Sicily 11-12/1943 Teheran Conference 6/6/1944 D-Day Invasion 2/1945 Yalta Conference 4/12/1945 FDR died and Truman inaugurated 5/8/1945 V-E Day July 1945 Potsdam Conference 8/6/1945 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 9/2/1945 Japan surrendered [V-J Day] Period Goals & Key Concepts: The War • Describe and understand the differing strategies of Axis and Allies. Development of this review sheet was made possible by funding from the US Department of Education through South Dakota’s EveryTeacher Teacher Quality Enhancement grant. -
Problems of Timber Products Procurement During World War II, 1941-1945
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1951 Problems of timber products procurement during World War II, 1941-1945 Ben Meyer Huey The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Huey, Ben Meyer, "Problems of timber products procurement during World War II, 1941-1945" (1951). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3314. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3314 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CfilllEIISIAL PROBLEMS OP TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCUREMENT OTRINQ WORLD WAR II» 1941-1945 by Ben K. Mm»¥ B.S. ^Colorado A. aria I-C College, 3.94-2 A Report Prepared for the U.S. Department of Defense, Army, Corp® of Engineers by the U.So Department of Agricultures Forest Service Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Mas ter of Seieae®. Montana Stat® University 1951 Chairman of Bo*rd of Examiners Dean, Graduate School UMI Number: EP33843 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Ch.35 – Origins of World War II EQ: Could World War II Have Been Prevented? 35.1 – Coach Schroeder Reads Introduction 34
Ch.35 – Origins of World War II EQ: Could World War II have been prevented? 35.1 – Coach Schroeder reads introduction 34. 2 – Write down all 3 problems and choose 1 solution per problem to copy. (I’m writing all 3, personally) 35.3-8 – Paste your pictures in your notebook like it described on the handout. Then write the opportunities and hardships. Section 2 – On the Front Side of a sheet of paper. Fill in the boxes you create on a page in your IAN. Copy the PROBLEM. (YOU ONLY HAVE TO COPY ONE bullet per problem, but I’m WRITING ALL BULLETS, SO I GET SMARTER!) Problem: The economy needed to be converted from consumer production to military production. • The government created a new agency (the War Production Board) to manage the conversion and to mobilize businesses behind the war effort. • Various industries switched from producing consumer goods to producing military weapons and machinery. • The National War Labor Board settled labor disputes before they disrupted the production of war goods. Problem: The government needed large amounts of money to fight the war. • The Revenue Act of 1942 increased individual and corporate income tax rates and more than tripled the number of individuals required to pay income tax. • To make tax collection easier, Congress devised a system of withholding a certain amount from every paycheck and sending it directly to the government. • The government borrowed money from banks and other financial institutions. • The government issued war savings bonds to raise cash from the American people. Problem: Inflation and overconsumption threatened the economy.