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The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report) Skopje, July, 2003 Skopje, 2003 Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Publisher: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning English editors: R. Darrell Smith, Ph.D., and Katherine A. Smith Technical preparation: Zoran Spasovski English translation: Olgica Mitevska Printed by: Printing run: copies CIP – Cataloguing-in-Publication Data National and University Library “St. Clement of Ohrid” Skopje Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report) - Skopje: Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, 2003 - pp.: Tables Bibliography: pp. ISBN: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This study was based upon scientific data used in the preparation of the National Strategy for Biological Diversity with an Action Plan. It also represents the First National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. The preparation of this study and its publication were financed by the World Bank under the Global Environmental Facility (GEF). Steering Committee: President: · Menka Spirovska, State advisor - Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Members: · Slavko Damevski, Pelister National Park · Boris Gelevski, Macedonian Movement of Ecologists · Kristina Gorgievska, Ministry of Finance · Stefanka Hadzipecova, National Committee on Biodiversity · Todor Ivanovski, Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje · Pance Nikolov, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management · Danica Pavlovska, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning · Zoran Popovski, Faculty of Agriculture, Skopje · Krste Ristevski, Faculty of Law, Skopje · Konstantin Siderovski, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning · Zoran Stojcevski, Ministry of Foreign Affairs · Snezana Tasevska, Ministry of Economy · Stojmirka Tasevska, Economic Chamber of the Republic of Macedonia Project Manager: · Vesela Lambevska Domazetova Members of the Working Groups Involved in the Preparation of the Country Study I. Biodiversity assessment group Coordinator for flora: · Vlado Matevski, Ph.D., Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje Members: · Pance Stojanovski, Ph.D., Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje Other Participants: · Ljubica Petrovska, Ph.D., Professor, ret. - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Magdalena Cekova, Ph.D., Professor, ret. - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Radoslav Rizovski, Ph.D., Professor, ret. - Faculty of Forestry, Skopje · Zivko Sekovski, Ph.D., Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Mitko Karadelev, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Mitko Kostadinovski, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Zlatko Levkov, M.Sc., Assistant - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje Coordinator for fauna: · Svetozar Petkovski, Ph.D., Museum advisor - Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje Members: · Branko Micevski, Ph.D., Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty for Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje Other Participants: · Trajan Petkovski, Ph.D., Museum advisor, ret. - Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje · Vesna Sidorovska, Ph.D., Vice-president - Society for the Investigation and Conservation of Biodiversity and the Sustainable Development of Natural Ecosystems (BIOECO), Skopje · Jonce Sapkarev, Ph.D., Professor, ret. - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Snezana Stankovic, M.Sc., Museum advisor - Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje · Vladimir Krpac, M.Sc., Senior museum custodian - Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje · Branislava Mihajlova, M.Sc., Museum advisor - Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje · Slavco Hristovski, Assistant - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje II. Use and valuation of biodiversity group Coordinator: · Sreten Andonov, Ph.D., Professor - Faculty of Agriculture, Skopje Members: · Vladimir Dzabirski, Ph.D., Professor - Faculty of Agriculture, Skopje · Sonja Ivanovska, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor - Faculty of Agriculture, Skopje · Vladimir Andonovski, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor – Faculty of Forestry, Skopje · Dana Kolevska, Ph.D., Professor - Faculty of Forestry, Skopje · Vasil Kostov, M.Sc. - Institute of Stockbreeding, Skopje · Gose Stefkov, M.Sc., Assistant - Faculty of Pharmacology, Skopje · Slavica Hristovska, Museum custodian/ethnologist - Museum of the City of Skopje Other Participants: · Vladimir Maletic, Ph.D., Professor - Faculty of Forestry, Skopje · Nikola Nikolov, Ph.D., Asst. Professor - Faculty of Forestry, Skopje · Mirce Naumovski, Ph.D., Professor - Faculty of Agriculture, Skopje III. Socioeconomic context and sectoral analysis group Coordinator: · Ljupco Melovski, Ph.D., Asst. Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje Members: · Jorde Jakimovski, Ph.D., Professor - Institute for Sociological, Political and Juridical Research, Skopje · Nikola Panov, Ph.D., Professor - Institute of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Pece Nedanovski, M.Sc., Assistant - Faculty of Economy, Skopje · Goran Arsov, M.Sc. · Pene Penev - Public Enterprise for Spatial and Urban Planning, Skopje Other Participants: · Dragan Kolcakovski, Ph.D., Asst. Professor - Institute of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Milto Mulev, Ph.D., Professor, ret. - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje · Zivka Meloska, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor - Faculty of Forestry, Skopje IV. Institutions, legislation and existing conservation programs group Coordinator: · Svetislav Krstic, Ph.D., Asst. Professor - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Skopje Members: · Jovan Ristov, Ph.D., Director - Institute of Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Macedonia Other Participants: · Daniela Stefkova - Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning · Sasko Jordanov, M.Sc. - Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning FOREWORD.................................................................................................................................................... 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 15 1. COUNTRY CONTEXT.............................................................................................................................. 17 1.1. Geographical location, borders and land area................................................................................. 17 1.2. Physical geography and topography.................................................................................................. 18 1.3. Water resources .................................................................................................................................... 20 1.4. Climate.................................................................................................................................................... 22 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT ............................................................................................................ 24 2.1. History of the human settlements and archaeology........................................................................ 24 2.2. Current human population and demography.................................................................................. 25 2.3. Social and economic situation............................................................................................................. 27 2.4. Political situation................................................................................................................................... 29 2.5. Infrastructure and development......................................................................................................... 30 2.6. Property rights and tenure .................................................................................................................. 32 2.7. Land use ................................................................................................................................................. 33 2.8. Human pressure on the environment ................................................................................................ 34 3. STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS .......................................................................... 37 3.1. Status and quality of research on ecosystems and species ............................................................. 37 3.2. Biogeography ......................................................................................................................................... 38 3.3. Status review of ecosystems................................................................................................................. 40 3.3.1. Description of key ecosystems .....................................................................................................
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