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Scrutiny of Socio-Political Issues and Trends in Bollywood Songs: an Analytical Study

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Scrutiny of Socio-Political Issues and Trends in Bollywood Songs: an Analytical Study Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Issn No : 1006-7930 Scrutiny of Socio-Political Issues and Trends in Bollywood Songs: An Analytical Study Mohd Aleem Khan1 PhD Scholar, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (303007), Rajasthan, India Email- [email protected] Dr. Subhash Kumar2 Associate Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (303007), Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected] Abstract- Hindi cinema have socio-political elements in their song content. These dramatic and aesthetic themes often contain religious, political, social, economic issues in a form of metaphor, satire or symbolism. In this study, we seek some answers by analysing the issues raised by lyricist in different ages, do featured songs truly objectified issues of India or not; was it written on behalf of the public’s mood and perceptions. The study also deals with Marxist media theory which argues media is used to show and support the views of ruling class and limit the views on issues that are important to be discussed in society. The methodology used in this study is analytical in nature and selection of film is limited to songs of social issues by purposeful sampling using IMDB rating list. Keywords: Bollywood, Music, Lyrics, Social-Issues, Trends. I. INTRODUCTION Cinema reflects the society by expressing and showing the various ideas, opinions & trends. Communication researchers and academicians commonly define its broader spectrum which covers its purpose of surveillance, information and entertainment. Societal discourse is an important aspect of cinema, it has potential to inform, enlighten, awaking people and also makes a deep impact on viewers in conscious and sub-conscious state of mind. We see many political movements globally which have been influenced by socio-political ideas and thoughts of the films and poetry [1]. Song writer Tori Amos[2] believes “the dangerous thing about listening [to music] is that you don’t really know the effect it’s going to have”. Listening and watching songs is an essential part of everyday life and considered as a powerful tool for cultural memories particularly in India. Lyrical activism has a long journey that holds possibilities to influence listener’s belief, perceptions, choices by offering messages and reflected the mood of the society about the issues[3]. The issues of social concern are not being covered in contemporary society profusely Now most of the songs are produced by Mumbai’s commercial film industry known as Bollywood and we heard these hindi songs in our everyday life form public transport to hospital. Some lyrics can also be considered as a form of social commentary. Hence, the purpose of the study is to analyse the socio- political content in Hindi songs during 2009-2018. Volume XII, Issue III, 2020 Page No: 2957 Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Issn No : 1006-7930 The time framework for the study is the tenure of both UPA and NDA governments. Both political parties had used songs such as ‘Jai ho from film Slumdog Millionaire’ and ‘Aarambh ho Prachand ‘ from film Gulaal’ in their election campaign[4] [5]. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The study deals with Marxist Media theory [6] which argues that media is used to show and support the views of ruling class and limit the views and ideas that are important to be discussed in society. Marxists believe that the media simply provides benefit to those who control it and are not mirroring or reflecting the conflicts or problems of common civil society. They found that it is highly apparent in advertising and film content, where products and ideology placement are shown to bring and sell dreams, fantasies about life fulfilment. They also notice ‘agenda setting’ in society through the media by ruling class. II. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the reflection of socio-political Issues in Bollywood songs during 2009- 2018. 2. To examine Trends by Hindi songs. 3. To analyse the dominant values of society in Bollywood lyrical discourse. III. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What type of issues has been raised by Bollywood songs between 2009-2019? 2. Have Hindi songs reflected societal trends? IV. METHODOLOGY Rhetorical and Quantitative Content Analysis method has been applied for the scrutiny of societal trends through Hindi Songs. Sample of song on social issues is complicated because it has different perspectives and definitions. Hence, specific category of songs had been selected. Sampling method for collecting data has been chosen purposefully. Samples have been collected in two segments of last ten years: Lyrics written between 2009-2013 and 2014-2018 of each year. Selection of movies was based on best movies of each year by using IMDB rating list. The necessary data for study is already available and accessible. All the information is collected from Films, Songs, Albums, Interviews, News, Books and Journals. (Table 1) Volume XII, Issue III, 2020 Page No: 2958 Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Issn No : 1006-7930 V. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETRAION Distribution of Attributes out of 100 Movies (2009-2018), see (Figure-1, Table-1) Source IMDB1 60 40 20 0 2009-2013 2014-2018 Movies with Social Issues Total Movies Figure:1 S.No. Year Name of the Movies which has Social Issues Total Songs Total Songs which in Top Ten has elements of Movies social issues 1 20092 3 Idiots, Kameeney, Gulaal, Paa 55 8 2 20103 Udaan, Rajneeti, Peepli live, Raavan 46 8 3 20114 No one killed Jesica, Rockstar 52 2 4 20125 Oh My God, Vicky Donor, Chakravyuh, Sanghai 57 5 5 20136 Shahid, Satyagrah, Jolly LLB, The Attack of 45 12 26/11, Matru ki Bijlee ka Mandola, Sare Jahan se Mehnga, Queen, Ranjhna 6 20147 PK, Haider, Gulaab Gang, Mardani, Children of 46 15 war, City Lights, Lakshmi, 7 20158 Talvar, Masaan 51 2 8 20169 Pink, Udta Punjab, Madaari, Aligarh, Neerja 40 4 9 201710 Jolly LLB 2, Toilet Ek Prem Katha, Newton, Indu 40 3 Sarkar, Simran, Begum Jaan, Bhoomi, Kadhvi Hawa, 10 201811 Padman, Mulq, Raazi, Mukkabaz 45 4 Total 48 Movies out 200, 35 has social-political themes 477 Song out 65 Songs with Social and only 37 Movies has social issues related of 100 Movies Issues content in their Songs. (2009-18) Table 1 1 IMDb (Movie Database) is an online database of information related to films, television programs, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and personal biographies, plot summaries, trivia, fan and critical reviews, and ratings. Source Link- https://www.imdb.com/ 2 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2009. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls006282999/. 3 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2010. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls006286879/. 4 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2011. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls006293485/. 5 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2012. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls050776799/. 6 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2013. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls050318308/. 7 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls051427653/. 8 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2015. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls054810879/. 9 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls070941500/. 10 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls074368935/. 11 IMDB, Best Bollywood Movies, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls031038668/ Volume XII, Issue III, 2020 Page No: 2959 Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Issn No : 1006-7930 The above table shows that in last ten years(2009-2020) 48 percent of movies out of top hundreds movies have been crafted with the themes on social issues, see (Figure: I). Between 2009 to 2014 (UPA-II) the narrative about India was that the country was suffering from corruption, poverty, unemployment and captured by corrupt politicians and government was hit by one scandal after another, its lost media support and public confidence as well but it was good year for Hindi film industry. Movies such as 3 idiots, Gulaal, Delhi 6, Kaminey, Dev D diverted audience with its humour and philosophical diction. The year had lyricist Gulzar teamed up with Vishal Bharadwaj and AR Rehman, Piyush Mishra teamed with Anurag Kashyap and adding some memorable songs to the world of Hindi film music and was weaving his magic with his sound and melodies[7]. In the same year the congress party bought A.R. Rahman Popular Song ‘Jai Ho’ from film Slumdog Millionaire (2008) and made the theme song for its political campaign in Lok Sabha Election held in 2009, from this song A.R. Rehman and Gulzar both got honour by The Academy Award (Oscar) for their work in Slumdog Millionaire on global platform. In May 2009, results of the general election were declared and United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by the Indian National Congress won 262 seats for the fifteenth Lok Sabha. (Hindustan Times12). In 2010, Indian political scenario was not so decent in the light of scams and scandals but movies like Udaan, Raajneeti, LSD, Peepli live, Raavan, Ishqia, My name is Khan, Dabangg etc. had full dose of entertainment for the masses. Meanwhile, UPA government had experienced horrible charge of corruption and scandal one after another; Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) alleged that there had been large irregularities in in allocation of 2G spectrum licensing in 2007-08 by telecom minister A. Raja and DMK MP Kanimojhi [PTI13]. In the same year when UPA-2 was facing 2G scam allegation, another storm was hit in a form of loopholes in various projects related to Commonwealth Games which was held in New Delhi, 2010 [ET14].
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