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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09469-7 - The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State: Second Edition D.T. Potts Index More information

INDEX

A’anzu, 82 Alexander, I Balas, 367, 377, 382; satrap of Persis, Aahitek, 202 353ff.; the Great, 25, 27, 263, 307, 343ff., 346, Abalgamash, 96 349, 351, 355, 367 Abbashaga, 126 Allabria, 253 Abieshuh, 160 Allahad, 158 Abiradu, 326 alluviation, 25ff. Abu Fanduweh, 55 Alumiddatum, 132 Abu Salabikh, 80, 234 Amar-Sin, 116, 126, 129, 130 Abulites, 312, 343, 345 ambassadors, 130, 157, 253 Aburanum, 130 Amedirra, 277 Açina, 315 Amel-Marduk, 287 acorns, 369ff. Amida, 415 Acropole, see Susa Ammiditana, 161 Adab, 98 Ammisaduqa, 161, 177 Adad-erish, 195 Amorites, 156 Adad-nirari, III, 253, 265 Ampe, 389 Adad-Rabi, 167 Ampirish, 304 Adad-sharru-rabu, 179 Amurru, 181 Adad-shuma-iddina, 223 Anahita, 378, 407 Adad-shuma-usur, 224 Anatolia, 174 Adamdun, 125, 137 Andia, 253 adda kalam, 150 Andreas, F.C., 282, 310 Afghanistan, 158 Anni-ilha, 304 Agade, 98, 116 Anni-Shilha, 304 Agapit, 425 Anshan, 11, 77, 116, 126ff., 129, 132ff., 141, 149, Agapta, 420 203, 242, 299, 304ff., 308, 310 Agha Jari, hills, 19 Antigonus, the One-Eyed, 351 Aginis, 389 Antioch, on-the-Orontes, 411, 416, 420 Ahasuerus, 9, 327ff. Antiochia, in-Persis, 353 Ahriman, 366 Antiochus, general, 384;I353, 363, 383; II, 353; III, Ahuramazda, 315, 317, 340ff., 377 353, 363ff., 368, 375ff., 377, 381; IV, 377ff., Ahwaz, 19, 409ff. 378ff.; V, 377; VII, 389 Ainsworth, W.F., 15 Anu, 283, 365 akinakes, 337 Anzan, 264ff. Akkadian, language, 154; personal names, 154 Anzaze, 380, 390ff. Akkadianization, of Susa and Susiana, 101 Anzu, 161 Akshak, 98 Apadana, see Susa Aksi-marti, 304 Apamea, in-Mesene, 383 Al Untash-Napirisha, see Choga Zanbil Aphrodite, 378 alabaster, 221 Aple, 389 Aleppo, 158 Apollo, 343, 381

501

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09469-7 - The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State: Second Edition D.T. Potts Index More information

502 Index

Apollodoros, 354 Baba Jan, 90, 329 Apolloniatis, 375, 380 Babylon, 140, 157, 159, 160, 243, 255, 261, 263, 266, Apollophanos, 364 277, 290, 308, 329, 332, 382 apples, 127 Bactria, 158, 169, 323 Apuliti, 312 Bactria-Margiana, 94, 133 Arabs, Taghlib, 414 Badakê, 263, 351 Arahir, 132 Badakhshan, 158 Aramaeans, 253, 257, 264 Bahram II, 172 Aramaic, 318, 403; coin legends, 396 Baitawand, 376 Arashu, 280 Bakhtiyari, mountains, 245, 345, 370; nomads, 370 Arawa, 83, 91, 125 Bakun, phase, 53; pottery, 73 Archaic texts, see Uruk bala, 126 Archelaos, 343 Balahute, 234; 293 Arda-Mulishshi, 267 Balahuteppe, 235 Ardashir, I, 408ff. Balippiti, 227 Ardaya, 382ff. Baluchistan, 91, 93 Argishti-henele, 295 Bama, 294 Aristolochos, 343 Bampur, 91 Arjan, 295, 301ff., 409 Band-e Kaisar, 413 Armanum, 97 Bandar Abbas, 14, 18 Armavir, 295 Banesh, Early phase, 66; Middle and Late, 72, 143 armour, 271 bangles, shell, 111 army, Assyrian, 253 Bani Surmah, 88, 90 Arraphe, 234 Banu Ka’b, 22 arsenic, 210 Bar-Uli, 233 Artabanus, I, 389; II, 389; III, 363; IV, 398, 408 Barahshum, 82, 92ff., 94, 96ff.; see also Marhashi Artaxerxes, I, 9, 331; II, 9, 327, 329, 331ff., 357; III, Bard-e Nechandeh, 377ff., 383, 390, 392, 395ff. 332 Bard-i But, 400 Artemis, 378 barley, 144 Arukku, 281 Barsine, 349 Ashuhash, 234 Bashime, 149; see also Mishime Ashur-Dan, I, 234 Basinna, 414 ‘Askar Mukram, 409 Be(th) Huza(j)e, 11, 369, 420 Aspasine, see Hyspaosines Be(th) Lapat, 416, 425 Assur-nadin-shumi, 261, 267ff. beads, etched carnelian, 111 Assur, 126, 156, 159, 220, 222 Behbehan, 19, 295, 301, 391 Assurbanipal, 251, 260, 262, 269ff., 277, 279, 283, Bel-dusha, 376 304, 365 Bel-ibni, 276ff. Assurnasirpal, II, 253 Bel-iqisha, 269 Assyria, 252ff. Bel, 368, 376ff., 381 Astyages, 289, 310 Belala, 210 Atamaita, 316 Belapaton, 416 Atamrum, 158 Belet-Ali, 210, 214, 215 Athena, 367ff. Beli-Ariq, 126 Athibu, 195 Belilit, 214 Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak, 265, 291, 316 Benjamin, of Tudela, 9, 11, 327 Atta-hushu, 153, 171; axe, 167 Beranan, 97 Attametu, 277 Bernshtam, A., 48 Attar-kittah, 197, 199, 203, 214, 227 Bes, 194 Aurelian, 416 Bilalama, 140 Avva, 296 Billatu, 261 Awal, 116 Binzird, 97 Awan, 72, 79, 81ff., 86, 92, 100, 113ff., 137 Birdawn, 414 Ayapir, 293, 305 Birud, 414 Azahar, 132 Bishapur, 411 Azar, 392 bismuth, 211 Azara, 391ff. Bisotun, 313ff., 340; Heracles relief, 367 Azerbaijan, 112 Bit-Bunakku, see Bit-Burnaki

Index 503

Bit-Burnaki/ Burnakka, 263, 280 Cincaxraish, 316 Bit-Dakkuri, 268 clamps, dovetail, 310 Bit-Imbi, 270 climate, 14ff., 19, 23ff. Bit-Jakin, 254, 259, 261, 268 cobalt, 211 Bit-Karkudî, 384 coinage, Achaemenid, 338; Arsacid, 389ff.; Bit-Karziabku, 244 Characenian, 389; Elymaean, 348ff., 379ff., Bit-Sagbat, 258 394ff.; Sasanian, 424; Seleucid, 351ff., 377, 380, bitumen, 81, 210; compound, 165 381, 383 Bochart, Samuel, 370 colonies, Greek military, 357 Bode, Baron C.A. de, 370, 391 copper, 90, 126, 166, 169, 211, 228, 242 booty, 98, 133, 169, 228, 299 Cosmas Indicopleustes, 354 Borsippa, 332 couriers, 130 bow, 130, 253, 338ff. courte durée, 428ff. bratus, 404 Ctesiphon, 416 bread, 129 cubit, Elamite, 215 Brentjes, B., 337 cultivars, 38ff. brocade, 414 Cumont, Franz, 378 bronze, 126, 166, 210, 211, 242, 291 Curse of Agade, 161 Bubastis, 220 Cyropaedia, 312 bullae, at Susa, 63; Sasanian, 420, 423 Cyrus, I, 281, 304; II, 269, 281, 305, 307ff., 313; Bulma, 132 Cylinder, 308; tomb of, 311 Bunban, 92 burials, 255 Dada, 130 Burna-Buriash, II, 205, 212, 222 Dadisho, 425 Bushehr, 15, 18, 144, 161, 168, 204, 230, 353, 414 Dadusha, 157 Buzurg-Sabur, 413 dagger, Elamite, 337 Dahak, 439 Cambyses, 311, 313 Dalta, 258ff. camels, Bactrian, 94 Daniel, prophet, 5, 9, 11 Cameron, G.G., 6, 100, 150, 269, 283 Dar Tanha, 90 caravanserais, 130 Darab, 411 Carians, 323 Darabgird, 408 carnelian, 126, 323 Darius, I, 279, 310, 313ff., 343; II, 331ff.; III, 312, Caspian Sea, 133 343ff., 369 cedar, 323 Darvazeh Tepe, 243 Central Asia, 112, 133 Datepalm and Tamarisk, 161 Chaldaea, 254, 264 dates, 355 Chaldaeans, 261, 293 Dauraq, 235, 409 Characene, 388 deer, red, 28 charcoal, 27 deforestation, 21 Chardin, Jean, 8 Deh Hosein, 158 chariots, 89ff., 190, 194 Deh Luran, 15, 81, 88, 167, 263 cheetah, 141 Deh-e Now, 55, 199, 202, 225, 230 Chigha Sabz, 304 della Valle, Pietro, 7 Choga Gavaneh, 163 Demetrianus, bishop of Antioch, 414 Choga Kal, 415 Demetrius, I, 377, 382; II, 377, 382, 386, 389 Choga Mish, 49, 56, 61, 65, 166 deportation, 282, 413ff. Choga Pahn, East, 198, 205; West, 225, 230 Der, 156, 210, 234, 252, 266, 270; battle of, 255 Choga Sefid, 28 Diadochoi, 351, 357 Choga Zanbil, 176ff., 214ff., 227, 240, 245, 278, 311, Diana, 378 329; palace, 221ff.; tombs, 221ff.; ziggurat, 214ff. diaries, astronomical, 332, 346, 382, 385 Chorasmia, 323 Didyma, 343 Christianity, in Khuzistan, 414, 417, 422 Dieulafoy, Jane, 327; Marcel, 327, 330, 356, 381 Christians, persecution of, 422 Dilbat, 289, 293, 304 Chronicle, Babylonian, 253ff., 260, 262ff., 266ff., 268; Dilmun, 168 Dynastic, 252; of Early Kings, 178; Nabopolassar, Diogenes, 379 283; P, 202, 223; 2, 284; of Seert, 412, 414, 425; Dirtaq, see Tartaq Syriac, 425 Diyala, region, 81, 116, 234 Cilicia, 311, 380 Diz, river, 19, 394, 413

504 Index

Dizful, 19, 234, 413 Enzag/k, 168 Donjon, see Susa Ephrem, 425 Doriscus, 332ff., 335 Epirmupi, 97, 100, 105 dress, 336 Eran-xwarrah-Shapur, 420ff., 424 Drouin, Edmond, 381 Eran-xwarrah-Shapur-shahrestan, 415, 417, 420ff. Dudu, 99 Eridu, 52 Dum Gar Parchineh, 53 erosion, soil, 21 Dumuzi’s Dream, 161 Erythraean Sea, 353 Dunanu, 271 Esagila, 243 Dur Kurigalzu, 190 Esarhaddon, 261, 267ff. Dur-Jakin, 257ff. Eshnunna, 116, 140, 149, 157ff., 227 Dur-Katlimmu, 282 Eshpum, 96ff. Dur-Kurigalzu, 227, 257 Esther, Book of, 5, 326, 410 Dur-Ladini, 257 Etana, Legend of, 161 Dur-Papsukkal, 252 ethnicity, 48ff., 434ff. Dur-Sharrukin, see Khorsabad ethnogenesis, 48ff., 305, 434ff. Dur-Untash, 278 Eumenes, of Cardia, 351, 355 Duwairij, river, 263 extispicy, 189 Ezekiel, Book of, 288ff. Ea-gamil, 178 Ea?-sunkir, 210 Fahliyan, 230 Eanna, see Uruk faience, 242; see also glaze Eannatum, 82, 95ff., 92, 99 Falkenstein, Adam, 134 Ebabbar, 155 Fam as-Silh, 383 Ebarat, I, 94, 135; II, 135, 137, 143, 149 fauna, 28ff., 73 Ebla, 81, 97, 234 federation, 145 Egibi, 311, 332 fenugreek, 38 Egirda, 130 figurines, 111, 166, 181ff., 194, 210, 219ff., 396 Egypt, 288 flora, 20 Egyptians, 326 Flower, Samuel (or Stephen), 7 Ekallatum, 156 fodder, 144 Ekbatana, 253, 370, 377, 398 forest, oak-pistachio, 24 Ekikuanna, 161 Foy-Vaillant, Jean, 379 Elamatum, 168 frataraka, 352 Elamite, Achaemenid, 295, 381; language, 8; Linear, Fravartish, 316 72, 117ff.; Old, 71, 100; syllabary, 250 fuel, 27 Elammat, 202 elammatum, 1, 6 Gabae, 378 Elamtu, 4 Gabai, 367 elders, of Elam, 276 Gabiane, 367, 375 elephant, at Haft Tepe, 188 Gambulu, 269, 271 Ellipi, 253, 258ff., 264 Gandhara, 323 Elymaea, 375 Ganj Dareh, 36 Elymaeans, 11, 368, 370ff., 379, 384 Gardaneh Gulmash, 375 Elymais, 351ff., 370ff., 375, 377, 380, 389 Gardner, Percy, 380 Emar, 132 garlic, 127 Emashini, 99 garmsir, 22 Emutbal, see Yamutbal Garta, 132 Enannatum, 86 Gasur, 98 English East India Company, 7 Gaubaruva, 316 Enki, 156, 215 Gaugamela, 343, 345, 369 Enlil-nadin-ahi, 229 Gaumata, 313, 315 Enlil-nadin-shumi, 223 Gautier, Joseph-Étienne, 88 Enlil, 98, 181 Ghirshman, Roman, 216, 328ff., 330, 367, 422 Enmebaragesi, 81, 92 Gilgamesh and Huwawa A, 161 Enna’il, 82, 92 Ginadu, 186 ensí, 100, 114, 125ff., 129, 135, 140, 145 GÌR.NÍTA, 99ff., 105, 114, 140ff. Entemena, 99 Girnamme, 135 Enuma Elish, 266 Girsu, 100, 117, 127, 130, 149

Index 505

Gitiya, 293 Hanni, 291, 295, 299ff., 303, 305 glaciers, 24 Hapate, 234 glaze, 216, 242, 255; see also faience harbours, 18 glyptic, Achaemenid, 307; Anshanite, 94, 143; harp, 298 Anzanite or late Neo-Elamite, 334; Cappadocian, Harshi, 129 167; Dilmun, 168; Early Dynastic, 85, 89; Hasanlu, 329 Elamite, 220; Elamo-Persian, 250, 290; Greco- Hatamti, 4 Persian, 334; Isin-Larsa, 167; Kassite, 220; Middle Hatra, 411 Elamite, 179ff., 182ff., 186ff., 190, 220, 223; Neo- Haulâye, 266 Assyrian, 290; Neo-Elamite, 302, 304; Old haute terrasse, see Susa Akkadian, 105ff., 111; Old Babylonian, 167; Hawiza, marshes, 22 popular Elamite, 143, 167, 170; Proto-Elamite, Hazor, 158 67, 73; Shimashkian, 137, 140; sukkalmah, 167, Hedyphon, river, 353, 391 190; Susa I, 53; Susa II, 53, 60, 64; Susa III, 67 Heni, 92 goblet, Elamite, 255 Henning, W.B., 376, 398, 403ff. Godin Tepe, 61, 86, 88, 90 143, 161, 329, 355 Heracles, 367ff. gold, 126, 155, 166, 210, 211, 227ff., 242, 291, 323 Herodotus, 305 Gondeisos, 393ff., 416 Hi-she-ip ra-te-ip, 82 Gondisapor, see Gundeshapur Hi-shi-ip-ra-shi-ni, 82, 99 Gonur Depe, 117 Hidalu, 260ff., 263, 270, 274ff., 279ff. Gordian, III, 411 Hidarida-, 92 Gotarzes, I, 389; II, 389, 394 Hilim, 276, 280 grape, 355 Hilmu, 161 grasses, 27 Hindian, see Zuhreh Greek, use of, 357, 364 hinnies, 144 Greeks, 322 Hinz, Walter, 6, 145 greyware, incised, 163, 165 Hishibrashini, 92, 99 griffon, 219 Hishmitik, 214, 215 Gu’abba, 83, 85 histoire totale, 430ff., 436 Gudea, 116ff. Hita, 100 gún ma-da, 125 hiyan, 225 Gundeshapur, 413, 415ff., 421, 425 Hoffmann, Georg, 375, 378 Gungunum, 149ff., 153 Holleaux, Maurice, 378 Gunilaha, 92, 94 Hormizd-Ardashir, 409, 415, 417 Gupin, 94 horns, on buildings, 65, 279 Guti, 106, 112, 156ff. horse, 242, 424 Gutium, 112, 160 Hoski, 369 Gutschmid, Alfred von, 376, 381 Hozki, see Hoski Hu’urti, 126 Habuba Kabira, 61 Hu(m)ban, 101, 214, 299, 340 Hadanu, 277 Huban-haltash, I, 267; II, 267ff.; III, 291 hadish, 330 Huban-kidin, 270 Haft Tepe, 171, 179ff., 184ff.; stele, 185ff.; royal Huban-kitin, 290ff. tomb, 186ff.; Terrace Complex I, 186ff.; Terrace Huban-mena, 254 Complex II, 194 Huban-menana, 265; III, 264 Haidala, see Hidalu Huban-nikash, I, 253ff.; II, 270, 274; son of Hajji Firuz, 355 Merodach-Baladan, 267 Hakalan, 53 Huban-tahra, 253, 291 Halilrud, 91; see also Jiroft Huban-Untash, 266 Halkatash, 291 Hubshen, 225 Hallo, W.W., 126 Hudhud, river, 277 Hallushu-Inshushinak, 260 Hudimiri, 281 Hallushu, 260ff. Huhnur, 116, 126, 134, 196, 293 Hallutush-Inshushinak, 213, 225, 227, 260, 265, 291, Huhun, 301 Halule, 264ff. Hulailan, 143 Hamadan, 253 Humbahaldashu, 267 Hamanu, 278 Humban-numena, 197, 203, 205, 225, 230, 246 Hammurabi, 157, 160; Codex or Law Code of, 225 Humban, see Hu(m)ban Hani, 346 Humbanundasha, 266

506 Index

Hung-i Azhdar, 385, 400 Inzuzu, 171 Hung-i Kamalvand, 400 Ionia, 310 Hung-i Nauruzi, see Hung-i Azhdar Ionians, 323, 327 Hung-i Yar-i ‘Alivand, 400 Ipsos, 351 Hupanna, 290 Iqbi-Bel, 257 Hupapanu, 261 Iranians, 265; see also Persians Hurpatila, 202 Irmakka, 294 Hutelutush-Inshushinak, 233, 235, 240, 242, 244, iron, 210, 291 246, 254 irrigation, 20, 144, 393 Hutran-tepti, 291 Ishara, 101 Hutran, 101 Ishbi-Erra, 134ff., 141 Huzi-x, 92 Ishkibal, 178 Huziya, 410 Ishnikarab, 210, 214, 215, 230, 239, 255 Hwzstn, 410 Ishnikarabat, 233 Hyakinthos, 367 Ishnikarab-huhun, 240 Hyrcania, 384, 385 Ishtar-hundu, 254 Hyspaosines, 388ff. Ishtar, 317; see also Inanna Ishtaran, 156, 210 I/Ashpabara, 258ff. Isin, 134, 140, 149, 155, 223; First Dynasty of, 134; Iapulmat, see Nipulmat Second Dynasty of, 234ff., 254 Ibal-pi-EL, II, 160 Ispubarza, 390 Ibbi-Sin, 127, 130, 134ff., 141 Israel, 282 Ibnahaza, see Nibhaz Istakhr, 407 Ibni-Adad, 167 Ivan-e Kerkha, 363, 420, 422 Idattu, I, 135, 137, 140; II, 137, 140 ivories, 331 Idattu-napir, 135, 140 Izeh, 183 Idattu-temti, 135 Iddin-Dagan, 141 Jabal Aruda, 61 identity, 48ff. Jabal Hamrin, 19, 81, 116 ideograms, 68 Jacobsen, Thorkild, 134 Idide, river, 278 Jamdat Nasr, 62, 80; texts, 68 Igi-halki, 178, 197, 199, 225, 230 Jari, ware, 73 Igihalkids, 176ff. Jarrahi, river, 353, 391; see also Hedyphon Igi-hatet, 201 Jéquier, Gustave, 328 Ilaba, 101 Jeremiah, Book of, 5, 285, 289 Ili’ishmani, 97, 100 Jiroft, 91, 93, 117 Ilshu-rabi, 96 Joobji, 303 IM, 210, 214, 215 jujube, 20 Imanish, 316 Imazu, 137, 141 Ka’ba-i Zardosht, 408 Imbappa, 259, 277 Kabinak, see Kabnak Immeriya, 205 Kabir Kuh, 15 impacts, human, 26 Kabnak, 194ff., 197 Imtaa, 112 Kabnashkir, 383 Inanna, 98, 214, 232; see also Ishtar Kadashman-dKUR.GAL, 181 Indabibi, 278 Kadashman-Enlil, I, 181 Indada, 254, 291 Kadashman-Harbe, 181 Indassu, 157 Kaftari, ceramic style, 143 Indasu, 133, 157 Kammashkiri, 379, 382 India, 323 Kamnashkiri, 388 inlays, mother-of-pearl, 89 Kamniskires-Orodes, 384 Inshushinak-shar-ilani, 179ff., 186, 195ff. Kamniskires, Megas Soter (I), 379, 381ff., 392; Inshushinak, 58, 101, 124, 161, 170, 179ff., 183, 190, Nikephorus (II), 380ff., 388, 390ff. 204, 210ff., 214ff., 217ff., 227, 229ff., 233ff., 240, Kamul, 225 260, 269, 291, 293 Kandalanu, 283 Instructions of Shuruppak, 161 Kanesh, see Kültepe Intercultural Style, 91 Kangavar, 86, 88, 143, 376 Introduction of Grain to Sumer, 161 Kar Namak-i Ardashir-i Papakan, 408 Inzak, see Enzag Karafto, see Qalah Karafto

Index 507

Karaindash, 227, 232 Kuk-Simut, 140 Karda, see Garta Kukanakka, see Kuganaka Kardede, 92 kukunnum, 204, 216ff., 235, 254 Karka d’Ledan, 417, 420ff., 425 Kul-e Farah, 245, 291, 296ff. Karkh, 421 Kültepe, 167 Karkhai, 296 Kumdupum, 92 Karkheh, river, 19, 22, 227, 244, 263; see also Ulai kumpum kiduya, 232 Karmanians, 368 Kunaramika, 294 Kartir, 410 Kur, river, 18 Karun, river, 9, 19 Kurangun, 169ff. Kashtiliashu, I, 223; IV, 224 Kurash, 281ff., 304ff., 334 Kassites, 178, 197, 205, 223, 244, 258, 333, 369 Kurigalzu, I, 202, 205 Kawadh, I, 414 Kurlush, 290, 302 Kazallu, 96, 116, 135, 155 Kushans, 411 Kedor-Laomer, 5, 229 Kutir-Huban, 233, 242 Kerman, 93, 117, 323, 414 Kutir-Nahhunte, I, 168, 176ff., 224, Kermanshah, 15, 258 227, 229ff., 235, 243; II, 260, 262ff. Khabur, river, 282 Kûyâ, 140 Khafajah, 60, 81, 88 Kharg, 396 Labdudu, 416 Kheit Qasim I, 89 Lagamal/r, 230 Khorramabad, 304ff. Lagash, 82ff., 98, 127, 130, 134; First Dynasty of, 82; Khorsabad, 255 Second Dynasty of, 117 Khusrau, I, 415; II, 415, 424 Lalintash, 293 Khwasak, 398ff., 409 Laliya, 289 Kidin-Hutran, I, 199, 223; II, 197, 199, Lallar, 293 203, 223ff.; son of Kurlush, 302 Lama, 144 Kidinanu, 284 Lambert, W.G., 154 Kidinu, 161, 177, 179, 181 Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer Kidinuids, 176ff. and Ur, 135, 137, 141 Kilah shupir, 214 Lampre, Georges, 88 Kimash, 129 Lannoy, Benjamin, 8 Kindattu, 134ff., 137, 140ff. Laodicea, in-Persis, 353 Kinneir, J.M., 376 lapis lazuli, 126, 210, 323 Kipri, 234 Lapui, phase, 53ff., 66; pottery, 54ff., 73 Kipû, 239 Larsa, 150, 155ff., 160 Kiririsha, 210ff., 214ff., 225, 230, 240 Layard, A.H., 296 Kirwashir, 179, 214 Le Rider, Georges, 382 Kish, 81, 86, 96, 135 lead, 210, 211 Kishsik, 258 Leake, W.M., 380 Kismar, 116, 234 Lebanon, 323 Kissia, 333 legumes, wild, 27, 38 Kissians, 332ff., 335, 368 Libur-beli, 105ff. Kitepatin, 290 Lil-airtash, 233 Kitikka, 294 literature, Sumerian and Babylonian, 161 Kleomenis, 367 Liyan, 144, 161, 168ff., 204; see also Tol-e Peytul Konar Sandal, 117ff. Lockhart, Laurence, 366 Kossaeans, 368ff., 379 Loftus, W.K., 9, 327, 356 Kudu-zulush, II, 177 Longpérier, Adrien de, 380 Kudur-mabuk, 155ff., 215 longue durée, 430ff. Kudur-nahundu, 262 Lordegan, 245 kudurrus, 225 Lu-uh-ish-shan, 82 Kuganaka, 316 LÚ.Suki, see Shimashki Kuh-i Bul, 18 Lu’ena, 83 Kuh-i Kharman, 18 lugal, 140,145 Kuh-i Pinar, 18 Lugalanda, 83ff. Kuh-i Taraz, 400 Lugalidda, 105 Kuk-Kirmash, 149ff. dlugal-NIM, 80ff. Kuk-Nashur, II, 161, 171, 177; III, 177ff. Luhishan, 92

508 Index

Lullubi, 97, 317 Mecquenem, Roland de, 356 Lumatur, 86 Medates, see Madates Luristan, 18, 27, 53, 85, 90, 158, 230, 258, 296 Medes, 267, 288, 310, 326, 339, 368 Luschey, Heinz, 314 Media, 253, 255, 258, 284ff., 289, 304, 316, 333, 354, Lydia, 310, 323 377 Lydians, 327 Meli-Shihu, 224, 227 Meluhha, 382 Ma, 364 Menanu, 263 Mada, 253; see also Media Menanu, 266ff. Madaktu, 260, 263, 275, 278, 280, 351 Merodach-Baladan, II, 253ff., 255, 257ff., 266ff., Madates, 344ff. 290 Madites, see Madates Mesanepada, 82 Magan, 90, 169; see also Oman Mesene, 388, 413 Magdalu, 282 messengers, 157; see also couriers Magnesia, 375ff. metallurgy, 54 Mahidasht, 24ff., 27, 86, 143, 282 metals, 36 Maidan-i Naftun, 365 Mianab, 167 Maiperqat, 415 Miles, 420, 422 Malamir, 179ff., 181, 295, 305, 345 Miletus, 343 Malayer, 143 Milki-El, 168 Malgium, 160 Milku-danum, 168 Mallowan, M.E.L., 215 minerals, 36 Mamasani, 15, 53, 144 mints, 351 Manestan i mar, 420 Mirabad, Lake, 24 Mangisi, 275 mirror, Tang, 423 Mani, 416 Mishim-ruh, 205 Manishtushu, 96, 99, 225 Mishime, 83, 91 Mankisum, 160 Mithra, 341, 378 Mannea, 112, 253, 255 Mithridates, I, 384ff., 391; II, 389 manumission, 364; see also slaves Mnaskires, 379 Manzat, 214, 225, 230 models, bed, 166 Manzat-Ishtar, 201 Mohenjo-Daro, 217 Manzi-wartash, 155 Molon, 353, 379 Mar-biti-apla-usur, 252 Mordtmann, A., 381 Marad, 116, 223 Morgan, Jacques de, 327ff., 356, 381 Marduk-balassu-iqbi, 252 Moses, of Khorene, 11 Marduk-shum-ibni, 269 mother-of-pearl, 89 Marduk-zakir-shumi, 258 mules, 144 Marduk, 177, 229, 243, 255, 290, 294, 377 Murashu, archive, 332 Marhashi, 93ff., 99, 126ff., 133, 160 Murghab, 310 Mari, 61, 157, 159ff., 174 Musa, 380, 389 Marlik, 222, 280 MUshezib-Marduk, 261, 263, 266 marriage, interdynastic, 133, 136, 22 marshes, 22 Na’id-Marduk, 267ff. Martiya, 316 Nabium, 214 Marun, river, 19, 301 Nabonidus, 288ff. Mashkan-sharrim, 116 Nabopolassar, 283, 285 Masjid-i Solaiman, 365ff., 390 Nabu, 210, 214, 215, 294 Massabatene, 375 Nabu-bel-shumate, 268ff., 276, 280 Massabatice, see Massabatene Nabu-damiq-ilani, 258, 270 massif funéraire, see Susa Nabu-le, 288 Mathiesen, H.E., 403 Nabu-shum-eresh, 269 Matka, 234 Nabu-shum-ishkun, 266 Mattut, 414 Nabu-ushallim, 268 Matum-niatum, 141 Nabu-zer-kitti-lishir, 267 Mazaros, 343 Nagite, 259, 261 Mazziat, 101 Nahhunte, 210, 214, 289 McCown, Donald, 392 Nahhunte-Utu, 230, 233, 235 Mecquenem, Roland de, 89, 166, 328, 330, 356 Najafehabad, 255

Index 509

Namma, 227 Oman, 90, 112, 169; see also Magan Namri, 234, 253 omens, 161 Nanaya, 280, 364ff., 368, 378 onions, 127 Nani, 365 Opis, 235 Nanna, 289 ores, 36 Napir, 299 Orodes, 396, 403;I,389ff. Napir-Asu, 211ff. overgrazing, 26 Napirisha, 170, 210ff., 214ff., 220, 240, 289 Oxathres, 343 Napirisha-Untash, 199 Oxus, 94, 133 Napratep, gods, 210, 214, 215 Naqsh-i Rustam, 172, 310, 408, 411 Pa’e, 280 Naram-Sin, 96ff., 100ff., 105, 225, 227 Pahir-ishshan, 197, 202ff., 223, 227 Nazit, 210 Pantauchos, 367 Nearchus, 349, 369 Papak, 408 Nebi Yunus, 266 Paraetaceni, 11, 375, 392 Nebuchadnezzar I, 177, 221, 224, 228ff., 243, 245ff., Paraitakene, 378 278; II, 285ff., 290, 329 Parmenion, 344 Negahban, E.O., 183ff. Parsa, 265, 282, 310 Nemed-Laguda, 258 Parsirra, 290, 293 Nergal, 190 Parsu, 308 Nergal-nasir, 259 Parsua, 253, 264ff., 282 Nergal-Ushezib, 261ff. Parsua(sh), see Parsua Neriglissar, 287 Parsumash, 281ff., 304 Neyriz, 24 Parthawa, 282 Nibe, 258 Pasargadae, 27, 310ff., 351 Nibhaz, 296 Pasargadai, 310 Nibulmat, 132 Pashime, 96, 127, 133, 279; see also Mishime Nicol, Murray, 243 Pasiru, 264 Nidintu-Bel, 316 Pasitigris, river, 343 Niebuhr, Carsten, 8 pastoralists, 74; see also nomadism Nikolaos, 363 Paswē, 264 NIM, 1, 5, 6, 11, 80 Persepolis, 7, 8, 287, 289, 302, 318, 342, 251 Nimrud, 253, 282 Persian Gulf, 168, 279, 396 Nin, 230 Persians, 265, 294, 335, 368; see also Iranians dNIN.DAR.A, 214, 225 Persis, 265, 282, 352ff., 413 Ninenimma, 156 petroleum, 366 Nineveh, 262, 270ff., 279, 281, 284, 290, 294ff., 329; philhellenism, 394 letters, 295 Philip, the Arab, 411 Ningal, 124 Philoxenos, 343 Ningirsu, 117 Phraataces, 389 Ninhursag, 124, 126, 211 Phraates, II, 387, 389; III, 389; IV, 380, 389, 392ff. Ninkarrak, 101 pilgrimage, 220 Ninlil, 156 Pillatu, 276, 280 Ninurta, 101 Pillet, Maurice, 328 Nippur, 55, 60, 98ff., 130, 190, 223, 268ff. Pinigir, 101, 210, 214ff., 225, 269, 293 Nishgamelum, 132 Pinriri, 290 Nöldeke, Theodor, 379, 387, 391, 414 Pirna, 294 nomadism, 74 Pirri, 304 numerical systems, see Uruk Pish-i Kuh, 15, 369 Nush-i Jan, 329 pistachio, 20, 27 Nushku, 214 Pittit, 389 Nushushmar, 132 Pizlume, 281 Nuzi, 98, 234 plantain, 38 plaques, wall, 216ff. oaths, 155 polis, 357, 363 oil, sesame, 127, 149 port-of-trade, 76 Oinoparas, 382 precipitation, 19ff.; see also climate Okkonapses, 383 priest-king, 53, 64ff. Old Persian, 319; cuneiform script, 314 prisoners-of-war, 130, 412

510 Index

Prophecy, Dynastic, 308 Samaria, 282 proto-cuneiform, 68 Samati, 293, 304ff. Proto-Elamite, see Susa III Sanam-shimut, 92 Ptolemy, III, 354 Sapum, 92, 133 puhu-teppu, 186 Sardis, 323 Pul-e Kaisar, 413 sardsir, 22 Pulvar, river, 18 Sargalab, 112 Purim, 410 Sargon, of Agade, 82, 92; II, 253, 255, 258, 265, 290, Pusai, 422; Acts of, 421 296 Pusht-i Kuh, 15, 85, 86ff., 90, 96, 369 sarhadd, 22 Pusht-i Qal’eh-i Abdanan, 89ff. Sar-i Pol 1, 317 Puzrish-Dagan, 94, 126, 130, 133 Sarpol-i Zohab, see Sar-i Pol 1 Puzur-Inshushinak, 72, 79ff., 112ff., 133 Sasan, 408 Puzurnumushda, 135 satrap, 311ff., 318, 343 Sawyer, Lt. Col. H.A., 22 Qabinashkiri, 390 Scanchrus, Mount, 404 Qablitum, river, 82, 96 Scheil, Vincent, 67, 71, 82, 266, 285, 294 Qal’e-ye Toll, 116 Schippmann, Klaus, 377 Qal’e Afqan, 245 Schmidt, E.F., 304 Qal’e Geli, 245 scribe, 150, 189 Qal’e Tal-e Kabud, 252 Scythian, language, 8 Qalah Karafto, 367 Scythians, 339 Qaleh, 182, 240, 252; ceramics, 243 Sealand, 276; Second Dynasty of the, 229 Qara Dagh, 97 seals, see glyptic Qatna, 158 sedentism, 53 Seleucia, by-the-Eulaios, 353, 363; -Ctesiphon, 415; Radet, Georges, 378 on-the-Hedyphon, 353, 390; -on-the-Tigris, 416 rainfall, 15 Seleucus, I, 351ff., 363; II, 354, 363; IV, 377 Rakib, 155 Sellas, 383 Ram Hormuz, 19, 281, 303 Senandaj, 282 Raphia, 368 Sennacherib, 258ff., 261ff., 266, 270, 329, 365 Rashi, 263 Sergius, 425 Rawlinson, H.C., 296, 327, 366, 376 série ancienne, 91 Re’ialpi, 332 série récente, 111 Reiner, Erica, 183 sesame, 355 reliefs, Elamite rock, 169ff.; Elymaean, 400ff. Sh/igrish, 132 Rennell, John, 9 Shaduppum, see Tell Harmal Rev-Ardashir, 414, 423 Shagarakti-Shuriash, 227 rice, 355 Shah Nameh, 439 Rim-Adad, 167 Shahdad, 91, 94, 117 Rim-Sin, I, 155ff., 215 Shahr-i Sokhta, 75 Rimsin-Enlilkurgalani, 157 Shahrastaniha i Eranshahr, 416 Rimush, 82, 93ff. shahrestan, 420 Rishap-La, 205 shakkanakku, 100 roads, 130 shaknu, 283 Royal Road, 320, 333 Shala, 210, 214, 215 Royal Society, 8 Shali’amu, 92 Ruhurater, 214, 215 Shalla, 179 ruhushak, 153ff. Shalmaneser, III, 253, 264ff.; V, 254 Shalulikki, 235ff. Sa’adya Gaon, 11 Sham-Agunu, 296 Sabum, 124, 126, 130 Shamash-shum-ukin, 269, 274ff., 277 Sabur, 413 Shamash, 289, 319 Sad-Sabur, 413 Shamsabad, pottery, 73 Sagbat, 258 Shamshi-Adad, I, 156, 158;V,234, 252ff., 265 sag-kul-NIMki, 81 Shapur, I, 410ff., 414, 416, 422; II, 414, 420ff. Saimarreh, river, 96 Sharkalisharri, 98, 99, 100, 112 Sallet, A. von, 380 Shashum, 289 salmu erientum-ia, 232 Shati, 289

Index 511

Shatilu, 132 sister’s son, 153 Shaur, river, 323, 331 sit shamshi, 231, 293 Shehala, 234 sit shamshi, 293 Shemti-Shilhak, 155 Sitacene, 375 Sherihum, 92, 94, 96 Si-ù-um, 112 Sherkhar, 130 Siwe-palar-hupak, 2, 160, 161 Shikaft-e Salman, 295, 296ff., 301 siyan-kuk, 214 Shilhaha, 149ff.,154, 167, 171, 235 slaves, 161, 364 Shilhak-Inshushinak, I, 177, 197, 202, 230, 232ff., soft-stone, vessels, 91, 111, 169 235, 240, 242ff., 246, 292; II, 270, 292 Sogdia, 323 Shilhina-hamru-Lagamar, 233, 246, 254 soils, 27 Shilhite, 298, 301, 305 Solduz, 264 Shimashki, 86, 94, 100, 126, 129, 132ff., 149; Soloce, 391 Dynasty of, 123ff. Sostra, 409 Shimbar, 376 Sostrata, 404 Shimbishu, 117 state, secondary, 134; segmentary, 145 Shimpi’ishhuk, 117 Steve, Marie-Joseph, 161ff., 177ff., 250ff., Shimut, 92, 101, 210, 214ff., 240, 299, 341 289 Shinishhe, 234 stones, semiprecious, 36, 126, 166 Shiraz, 18 stratiarchos, 392 Shiruk-tuh, 156ff., 168 Suash-takal, 98 Shitti-Marduk, 244 Subartu, 160 Shu-ilishu, 140ff. sugir, 242 Shu-Sin, 127, 129, 132, 141, 145 Suhu, 157 Shubat-Enlil, 158 sukkal, 150 Shulgi, 94, 124, 127, 129, 130 sukkalmah, 136, 148ff., 150, 177 Shush i er-kar, 420, 422ff. Sulaymaniyah, 97 Shush, 421 Sumerian King List, 81, 85, 112 Shushan, 9, 327ff., 425 Sumerians, 56 Shushmusi, 214 Sumner, W.M., 54, 66, 72ff., 85, 182, 243 Shushshi, 178 Sumuabum, 140 Shushtar, 9, 234, 327, 404, 409, 413ff., 425 Sumuel, 150 Shutruk-Nahhunte, I, 98, 176, 178, 202, 213ff., Sunkir risharra, 214 224ff., 227, 230, 255; II, 246, 254ff., 257, 265, Surkh Dum-i Luri, 304 290ff.; king of Hidalu, 270 Surraq, 235 Shutrukids, 176ff., 246 Susa, 11, 126, 129ff., 134, 143, 149, 158, 168, Shutruru, 312 197, 203ff., 225, 230, 235, 250ff., 254, 278ff., Shutrurura, 298 290ff., 308, 319, 332, 343, 355ff., 385, 387, 389ff., Shutur-Nahhunte, 254, 265, 290ff., 292; son of 394, 414; Achaemenid inscriptions, 323, 326; Indada, 299, 303 Acropole, 49ff., 102, 235, 291, 294, 357, 390, 423; Shuzubu, 261, 263 Acropole texts, 294, 304; Apadana, 49ff., 161ff., Siah Mansur, 414 251ff., 255, 279, 294, 323, 326ff., 330, 357, 390, Sidga’u, 82, 94, 96, 100 423; Archive Building, 142; Arsacid mint, 390; Silhu, 383 Attic red-figured pottery from, 322; burials, 50, silk, 414 155, 161, 279, 295, 357; canals, 155; Donjon, 89, silver, 126, 166, 168, 210, 212, 222, 227ff., 242, 291, 330ff., 425; Greek inscriptions, 357ff.; haute 319, 343, 345; Sasanian, 424 terrasse, 50, 54, 67;I,49ff., 162, 165; II, 55ff.; II Simut, see Shimut ceramics, 57, 59; III, 66ff., 102; IV, 102ff.; massif Simut-wartash, 161, 168 funéraire, 50, 54; palace of Darius, I, 279, 294, 319, Sin, 98, 210 323ff., 328, 330; Place d’Armes, 323; propylaeum Sinatruces, 389 of Darius, 330; radiocarbon dates, 49; Seleucid Sin-iddinam, 155 mint, 351; texts, 60ff., 68ff., 75ff.; Ville des Sin-kashid, 155 Artisans, 295, 357, 390; Ville Royale, 67, Sin-muballit, 157 89ff., 102, 142, 162ff., 177ff., , 181ff., 197, 245, Sippar, 161, 227, 261, 268, 289, 319 251ff., 255, 295, 323, 356ff., 390, 422ff.; ziggurat, Sirahupitir, 171 279 Sisirtum, 132 Susanu, 283 sissoo, 323 Susian, language, 8

512 Index

Susiana, 11, 52, 54ff., 66, 75ff., 83, 88, 96, 99ff., Temti-Agun, 150, 161, 171 136ff., 140,,145, 183, 203, 238, 243, 262, 271, Temti-halki, 177 278, 282, 290, 296, 305, 312, 333, 343, 346, 351, Temti-pitet, 240, 246 353ff., 364, 369, 375, 377, 379ff., 389, 391, 396, Temti-turkatash, 233 398, 410, 414, 421, 429 Tepe Abdul Hosein, 27, 28, 36 Susis, 25, 355, 375 Tepe Ali Kosh, 27, 28 Sutians, 259 Tepe Aliabad, 88–90 Sykes, Sir Percy, 20 Tepe Deylam, 205 Tepe Farukhabad, 55, 88–90, 167 Tabae, see Gabai Tepe Gallegah, 355 tachara, 323 Tepe Ghabristan, 54 Tal-i Bakun A, 53ff. Tepe Gotvand, 205 Tal-i Ghazir, 55, 61, 75, 184, 281 Tepe Goughan, 184 Tal-i Kureh, 66 Tepe Jaffarabad, 49 Tal-i Malyan, 11, 26, 72ff., 77, 85, 94, 111, 133, Tepe Musiyan, 88, 90, 167 143ff., 161, 169, 182, 240, 242ff., 279ff., 310; city Tepe Ozbaki, 75 wall, 74 Tepe Patak, 184, 263, 351 Tal-i Mushki, 54 Tepe Pomp, 234 Tal-i Qarib, 66 Tepe Rahmatabad, 53 Tal-i Shogha, 243 Tepe Sharafabad, 183 Tal-i Teimuran, 243 Tepe Sialk, 54, 75, 90 Tall-i Takht, 310; see also Pasargadae Tepe Sofalin, 75 Talmud, 11, 369 Tepe Surkhegan, 125 tamarisk, 20 Tepe Yahya, 75, 91, 93, 117 Tammaritu, I, 274ff.; II, 275ff., 278, 280 teppir, 150 Tan-Ruhurater, I, 135,137, 140, 141; II, 179 Tepti, 298 Tan-Uli, 150, 171, 177ff. Tepti-ahar, 179ff., 183ff., 194ff. Tang-i Butan, 376, 400 Tepti-halki, 180 Tang-i Sarvak, 376, 392, 400, 403 Tepti-Huban-Inshushinak, 235, 269, 292ff. Tannanu, 259 Tetep-mada, 153, 171 Tarn, W.W., 375 textiles, 414 Tarrisha, 301 Thermopylae, 332 Tartaq, 296 Thrason, 343 Tasan, 391 throne, serpent, 170ff. Tashun, 391 Tiglath-Pileser, III, 253, 265 Tawwag, 414 Tikni, 227 tax, 125, 319 Til-Tuba, 270, 275 Tazitta, 135 Timothy, 425 Te’umman, 268, 270ff., 277 Timur, 425 Teispes, 304, 334 tin, 158, 174ff., 210ff. Tell Agrab, 88 Tiridates, 392 Tell Ahmad al-Hattu, 89 Tirigan, 112 Tell ‘Aqar, 252 Tirmium, 132 Tell Asmar, 88, 161 Tirutur, 298, 301 Tell Brak, 58, 61 titles, royal, 140ff., 145, 149ff., 179, 260 Tell Harmal, 157 Tod, treasure, 117 Tell Hasan, 161 Tol-e Ajori, 310 Tell al-Hiba, 86 Tol-e Bard-e Karegar, 225 Tell Ischali, 166 Tol-e Bashi, 53 Tell Razuk, 88ff. Tol-e Bormi, 116, 184, 205, 281 Tell Shaikh Hamad, 282 Tol-e Nurabad, 53 Tell Sheikh Hassan, 58 Tol-e Peytul, 15, 161, 204 Tell Shemshara, 156 Tol-e Pir, 53 Tell Sinker, 98 Tol-e Spid, 53, 230 Tell as-Suleimeh, 116 Trans-Elamite, 91, 117 Tell Uqair, 52 tribute, 319; see also tax Tell Zubeidi, 222 Tukin-hatti-migrisha, 134 Tello, 161 Tukulti-Ninurta, I, 223, 224 Tem-Enzag, 169 Turbinella pyrum, 111

Index 513

Turkmenistan, 94, 117 Vahman-Ardashir, 423 turquoise, 323; see also stons, semiprecious Valerian, 411, 416 Turukkeans, 156ff. Vanden Berghe, Louis, 86, 377 Tutub, see Khafajah Vardanes, I, 389, 394 tyres, 194 Vaux, W.S.W., 380 Verethragna, 368 Udjahorresnet, 326 Ville des Artisans, see Susa Ugarit, 158 Ville Royale, see Susa Uirshu, 299 Vologases, 398 Ulai, 243ff., 270; see also Karkheh Ulul, 100 Walagashi, 398 Umba-dudu, 304 Warad-Sin, 155, 156 Umbadara, 253, 270 weaponry, metal, 166 Umbahabua, 278 weeds, 27, 144 Umbakidinu, 270 weight, Harappan, 111 Umma, 96, 100, 116, 130, 134 Weissbach, F.H., 8, 295, 314 Umman-menanu, 264 wine, 341, 355 Ummanaldash, 277ff., 291 Worod, 396 Ummanappa, 274 Ummanigash, 253, 270, 274ff., 277 Xenophilus, 351 Ummanini, 292 Xerxes, 7, 9, 328, 332 Ummanunu, 305 xvarnah, 396 Umu, 293 Undashi, 275 Yamutbal, 156 Unpahash-Napirisha, 197, 204, 223 Yasuj, 144 Unsak, 293, 304 Yazdpanah, 420 Untash-Napirisha, 176ff., 197ff., 199, 204ff., 210, yields, agricultural, 355 213, 218, 224 Young, T.C., Jr., 76 Unukaka, 294 Yusifov, Y.B., 154 Unzi-kilik, 304 Upadarma, 316 Zababa-shuma-iddina, 225, 229 Upi, 160, 228, 235 Zabalam, 100 Upper Sea, 132, 133 Zabshali, 126ff., 129, 132, 134, 136, 140, 145, Upurkupak, 210, 235 157 Uqnu, river, 253 Zagros, mountains, 15, 97, 251, 265, 369 Ur-Namma, 114, 116, 124 Zahara, 82, 94, 96, 98, 132 Ur, 96, 130, 215, 258, 267; Archaic texts, 80; First Zamaspes, 392ff. Dynasty of, 82; Third Dynasty of, 113ff. Zambija, 155 Urartu, 267 Zamua, 253 Urash-ana-bitishu, 332 Zari, 293 Urkum, 130 Zarriq(um), 126 Urmia, Lake, 112 Zedekiah, 285 Ursum, 158 Zeribar, Lake, 24 Urtak, 269ff., 274, 291 Zeus 377 Urua, 124; see also Arawa Zeus, 381 Uru’aza, 83, 91 ziggurat, see Choga Zanbil, Susa Uruk, 55, 59, 96, 155, 166, 232, 283, 365; Archaic Zimri-Lim, 157ff., 160 texts, 59ff., 63; ceramics, 55ff., 59; colonies, 63ff.; Zimudar, 116 Eanna, 55; III, texts, 68; numerical systems, 59ff. Zina, 92 68ff. zinc, 210 Urukagina, 83ff., 149 Zinnum, 134, 135 Urutuk-Elhalahu, 233 Ziringu, 145 Usarum, 116 Zohak, 439 Utu-ehihhi-Pinigir, 233 Zoroastrianism, 339, 342, Utuhegal, 112 366, 377 Utuk-dHute-kasan, 240 Zoroastrians, 422ff. Uxians, 343ff., 345ff., 370 Zuhreh, river, 19