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Gender, Health, and Sustainable Development Perspectives from Asia and the Caribbean

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Gender, Health, and Sustainable Development Perspectives from Asia and the Caribbean Gender, Health, and Sustainable Development Perspectives from Asia and the Caribbean Proceedings of workshops held in Singapore, 23 - 26 January 1995 and in Bridgetown, Barbados, 6 - 9 December 1994 Edited by Janet Hatcher Roberts, Jennifer Kitts, and Lori Jones Arsenault Gender, Health, and Sustainable Development Perspectives from Asia and the Caribbean Proceedings of workshops held in Singapore, 23 - 26 January 1995 andin Bridgetown, Barbados, 6 - 9 December 1994 Edited by Janet Hatcher Roberts, Jennifer Kitts, and Lori Jones Arsenault INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE Ottawa • Cairo • Dakar • Johannesburg • Montevideo • Nairobi • New Delhi • Singapore Published by the International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1 G 3H9 August 1995 Hatcher Roberts, J. Kitts, J Jones Arsenault, L. IDRC, Ottawa, ON CA Gender, Health, and Sustainable Development: Perspectives from Asia and the Caribbean; proceedings of a workshop held in Singapore, 23-26 January 1995 and in Bridgetown, Barbados, 6-9December1994. Ottawa, ON, IDRC, 1995. 404 p. /\Nomen/, /gender/, /health conditions/, /sustainable development/, /Asia/, /Caribbean/ - /women's participation/, /health programmes/, /AIDS/, /health policy/, /occupational safety/, /human nutrition/, /family planning/, /chronic diseases/, /case studies/, /conference reports/, references. UDC: 396:613 (5:729) ISBN: 0-88936-763-9 A microfiche edition is available. Material contained in this report is produced as submitted and has not been subjected to peer review or editing by IDRC Public Information Program staff. Unless otherwise stated, copyright for material in this report is held by the authors. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. Contents Foreword Janet Hatcher Roberts viii Acknowledgements xiii Perspectives from Asia Opening Statements Welcoming Address 3 John Graham Workshop Objectives 6 Vivienne Wee Gender, Health and Sustainable Development 9 K. Soin The Story of Myrna Colantro 13 Violeta B. Lopez-Gonzaga Workshop Papers Current Health Status of Women and Children in Vietnam and the Role of the Vietnam Women's Union 17 Nguyen Thi Hoa Binh Women's Health Activities Toward Health for Ail by the Year 2000 22 Boungnong Boupha Women, Children, and Malaria in the Philippines: Would a Community Volunteer Program Work in their Favour? 33 Esperanza Espino Mongolian Women in Health and Development 41 Nansaljav Gerelsuren, Jambaldorj Erdenechimeg Women's Involvement in a Water and Sanitation Project in Rural Bangladesh 49 Biliqis A. Hoque, Shafiul A. Ahmed, K.M.A. Aziz, K.Z. Hasan, R.B. Sack Reproductive Health in Japanese Society 55 Chika Hyodo The Role of Rural Women in AIDS Prevention and Control 58 Thicumpom Kuyyakanond Engendering Occupational Health and Safety 69 Labour Resources Centre Women's Health in Cambodia 79 Neang Ren, Khieu Serey Vuthea, Chhoy Kim Sor Gender, Health, and Sustainable Development 85 Ng Yen Yen Selected Aspects of Women' s Working Conditions in Vietnam 90 Nguyen Ngoc Nga Abortion Experiences of Korean Women and the Implications for Public Policy 97 Kasil Oh Gender, Reproductive Health, and Sustainable Development: The Philippine Context 106 Trinidad S. Osteria Improving Utilization of Health Care Services by Increasing Community Participation 122 Bounlay Phommasack Husband and Wife Dynamics and Barriers to Condom Use 126 Anthony Pramualratana Does Education Empower Women for Health and Sustainable Development? 135 Santhat Sermsri Population Development and Reproductive Health from a Gender Perspective 139 Lin Tan Macroparasitic Infections in Meghalaya, North-East lndia 143 Veena Tandon Improving Women's Quality of Life: Enhancing Self-Image and Increasing Decision-Making Power 151 S.A. Udipi, M.A. Varghese Achieving Community Health Development: Sorne Issues and Their Implications 161 Cynthia C. Veneracion Traditional Customs, Cultural Beliefs, and Perceptions Toward Antenatal Care in Rural Myanmar: A Qualitative Approach 180 Daw Win May, Than Tun Sein, Khin Thet Wai, Ni Ni Aye Women and their Perceptions of Environment and Health 191 Harjanti Yudomustopo Other Workshop Activities Workshop Discussion Notes 209 Placing Gender on the Research Agenda: Sorne Guiding Questions 220 Research Gaps and Priorities 223 Recommendations and Strategies 227 The Asia and Pacifie Women's Health Network 232 Appendicies Agenda 239 Workshop Participants 244 Perspectives from the Caribbean Opening Statements Opening Address 251 Hon. Elizabeth Thompson Welcome Address 256 Karen Sealey Workshop Objectives 258 Gender Issues in Caribbean Health Systems The State, Gender, and Health Care Services: Barbados and Grenada 1979-1983 261 Patricia Rodney WAND, Promoting Behaviour Change, and Gender 277 Nan Peacocke Discussion 280 Impact of Gender Factors on Nutrition Gender and Nutrition 285 A. W. Patterson The Elderly in Jamaica: A Gender and Development Perspective 291 Denise Eldemire Discussion 297 Gender, Environmental and Occupational Health Gender Perceptions of Stress: A Comparative Study of Male and Female Physicians 301 E.M. Davis Health Promotion in Janaican Public Hospitals 305 Winsome Segree, Bendley Melville, Hyacinth Allen A Historical View of Occupational Health, Gender, and Sustainable Development 308 Kamala Dickson Discussion 312 Gender and Human Reproductive Health Multiculturalism, Women, HIV/AIDS, and Development 315 Asha Kambon Geographical and Medical Barriers to Family Planning Services in Rural Jamaica 326 Wilma Bailey, Karen Hardee, Susan Smith, Michelle Villemski, Olivia McDonald, Maureen Clyde Discussion 338 Impact of Gender Issues on Chronic Diseases Chronic Diseases and Women 343 Knox E. Hagley Impact of Gender Issues on Chronic Diseases 350 Henry S. Fraser Discussion 353 Working Group Discussions Discussion: Cross-Cutting Issues 357 An Overview of Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Policy and Research: Working Group Exercises 359 Identification of Research Gaps: Removing the Policy Barri ers 364 Caribbean Research Agenda 371 Appendicies Overview of PAHO's Women, Health, and Development Project in the Caribbean 379 Agenda 382 Participant List 385 Foreword The genesis for the se workshops has corne from two initiatives. The first initiative was a series of IDRC/TDR-WHO sponsored essay competitions, begun in 1990, on the subject of women and tropical diseases. These three highly successful competitions highlighted the enormous inequities in terms of the impact of tropical diseases on women, and served to demonstrate the almost complete lack of research which has been carried out in this area. The second initiative came about as a result of the establishment of the Global Commission on Women's Health in 1992. The Commission is being led by The World Health Organization (WHO), with membership drawn from its member countries, including Dr. Maureen Law, the Director General of the Health Sciences Division at IDRC, Dame Nita Barrow, the Govemor General of Barbados, and 4 members from the Asia Pacifie region. In its quest for funding support, the Commission came to IDRC. IDRC has supported the Global Commission in two ways. The first was through core Secretariat support to Geneva. The second, through one of the substrategies of the Global Commission, which was to reflect and consolidate research agendas in the regions in order to improve the state of knowledge in women's health. IDRC saw the opportunity to support the Global Commission by facilitating a series of workshops on the subject of gender, health and sustainable development. The first workshop was held in Nairobi, Kenya in October 1993, and the second in Montevideo, Uruguay in April 1994. These workshops represent the third and fourth in the series. One of the mandates of the Global Commission is to report to major international conferences on the state of women's health. It has done so at the World Conference on Human Rights, at the International Conference on Population and Development, and is now preparing for the 4th World Conference on Women and Development, to be held in Beijing, China in September 1995. The Chairperson of the Global Commission, Dr. Aleya El Bindari Hammad, sits on the Commission on the Status of Women for Beijing, and Gertrude Mongella, the Chairperson for the 4th World Conference, sits on the Global Commission on Women's Health. In addition, the Global Commission on Women's Health has been responsible for preparing a number of issue papers on topics such as adolescent health and aging. Gender and Health in Development The first two workshops brought forth a rich and diverse array of research priorities, gaps which need to be addressed, and strategies for overcoming the major roadblocks to conducting this research. We have all leamed a great deal. These workshops have served to bring together the small, and not so small, pockets of excellence in research into connected networks of research. Interdisciplinary teams have been forged, and lessons are being shared. These activities have also helped to push us a few conceptual steps forward, in two ways. • by addressing the issue of gender methodologies and their incorporation into research and policy development; and, • by no longer being content with only dealing with women's health issues, but rather moving forward to the role of gender in health and its inextricable links to a sustainable environment and economic development. What we are doing by accepting these linkages, is redefining the concept of sustainable and equitable development
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