THE POLITICAL CAREER of HARRY M. DAUGHERTY. the Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1968 History
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This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 69-4889 GIGLIO, James Nickolas, 1939- THE POLITICAL CAREER OF HARRY M. DAUGHERTY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1968 History, modern University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan (c) James Nickolas Gislio 1969. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE POLITICAL CAREER OF HARRY M. DAUGHERTY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University B y Jam es N ickolas G iglio, B. A , M. A kt# The Ohio State University 1968 Approved by fxM- A dviser Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am most grateful to my adviser, Dr. Robert H. Bremner, who extended his assistance, patience, and understanding. Although Dr. Bremner was involved in research at the Charles Warren Center, Harvard University, he always found the time to further the comple tion of this work. A special thanks is due Dr. Randolph C. Downes of the University of Toledo who not only permitted me to read his manuscript, "The Rise of Warren Gamaliel Harding, 1865-1920, " but answered questions about the Harding period. I also wish to thank Professors Francis P. Weisenburger and Austin K. Kerr for their contributions to this work. I am indebted to the aid of Mrs. Elizabeth Martin, general librarian, David Larson, manuscript librarian, and the able assist ants at the Ohio State Historical Society. The staffs of the National Archives, the Library of Congress, the Cincinnati Historical Society, the Indiana State Library, and the Western Reserve Historical Society were also very helpful. Finally, I wish to express a special gratitude to my wife, Fran, who really cared. VITA March 28, 1939 Born--Akron, Ohio 1 9 6 1 .................... B. A, , Kent State U niversity, Kent, Ohio 1963-1964 . Graduate Assistant, Department of History, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1965-1968 . Graduate Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1968 ..................... Appointment as Assistant Professor, Southwest Missouri State College, Springfield, Missouri FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History Political and Social History of the United States Since 1900. Professor Robert H. Bremner Colonial History of the United States. Professor Paul Bowers The Slavery Controversy and the Post-Bellum South. Professor Henry Simms European History, 1815-1914. Professor Charles Morley European History Since 1915. Professor Sidney Fisher Political Science. Professor E. Allen Helms iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................. ii VITA ....................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 Chapte r I. INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND POLITICS . 4 IL THE FORAKER-SHERMAN FEUD, 1891-1892 . 16 III. FRUSTRATION AND DEFEAT, 1892-1899 . 31 IV. ON THE POLITICAL FRINGE, 1899-1910 . 60 V. ATTORNEY DAUGHERTY: A MIXTURE OF LAW AND POLITICS ......................................................... 81 VI. THE UNCOMPROMISING REPUBLICAN, 1912 . 106 VII. AN OBSTACLE TO PARTY REUNION, 1 9 1 3 - 1 9 1 6................................................................................... 141 VIII. DAUGHERTY AND HARDING: A TROUBLED FRIENDSHIP .............................................................................. 168 IX. DAUGHERTY AND HARDING: THE PRE- CONVENTION CAMPAIGN, JANUARY 1919- MAY 1920 ................................................................................... 193 X. DAUGHERTY AND HARDING: THE NOMINATION AND ELECTION, JUNE-NOVEMBER 1920 . 226 Chapter Page XI. "THE TRAGIC BLUNDER": DAUGHERTY AND THE FORMATION OF THE HARDING CABINET . 251 XII. ATTORNEY GENERAL DAUGHERTY: THE FIRST Y E A R .............................................................................269 XIII. DAUGHERTY AND HARDING: THE FINAL YEAR .............................................................................................301 XIV. THE TRIALS OF AN ATTORNEY GENERAL . 329 XV. IN POLITICAL RETIREMENT .................................... 366 XVI. IN CONCLUSION................................................................... 380 BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................................389 v INTRODUCTION "Anyone who wants the truth has ample facilities for finding it out, " Harry Daugherty wrote of his past less than three years before his death in 1941. ^ It was in that vein that this work was in spired. Truth, however, is not always easily discovered under favorable circumstances. It is doubly difficult when retracing the political career of one so controversially and covertly involved as Daugherty. He contributed significantly to these hardships by destroying his extensive papers just prior to his death. The re maining Daugherty correspondence, located in the collections of his contemporaries, could provide only a narrow base for this study. By also utilizing newspapers, periodicals, public records, and other sources, a rough conception of Daugherty's political life gradually took shape. It was a much more arduous task to provide meaning, understanding, and truth to specific aspects of his career. In a few cases, lack of evidence made this an almost in surmountable effort. ^Harry M. Daugherty to Cyril Clemens, June 16, 1939, Cyril Clemens Papers, Box 1/13, Ohio Historical Society. 1 Despite these obstacles, the political career of Harry Micajah Daugherty is worth investigating. He was politically involved with four Republican Presidents: William McKinley, William Howard Taft, Warren G. Harding, and Calvin Coolidge. Active in the McKinley presidential campaign of 1896, Daugherty also managed the Ohio segment of Taft's presidential race in 1912 as well as representing him at two Republican national conventions. He reserved his greatest political venture for 1920 when he served as Harding's presidential sponsor. Historians have attributed Harding's nomination more to the efforts of Daugherty than to any other factor. In addition, Daugherty served as Attorney General under both Harding and Coolidge during the critical postwar period. Throughout his long association in politics, Daugherty had his con troversial side. Investigations, impeachment attempts, and scandals often faced him. Daugherty also failed significantly as a political candidate despite his many attempts in that area. The intention of this work is to study the political involve ments of Daugherty from 1881 to 1925. He mirrored the activities of the Republican party in Ohio in a period when that state played an indispensable part in national politics. Consequently, Daugherty's association with the important political figures of his day has sig nificant interest. His impact upon them deserves an assessment. Was Daugherty responsible for Harding's nomination in 1920, for example, or was this an assertion of the myth makers? Questions of this nature will undergo careful analysis. Daugherty's failure to achieve success as a political candidate also evokes additional queries. Did this relate to flaws of character and technique, or was it a matter of political retaliation because Daugherty fought too hard for his friends and his beliefs at party conventions? Again, did Daugherty perform successfully as Attorney General as he later claimed, or was he a colossal failure as critics asserted? Few men in public life have ever encountered the criticism that confronted Daugherty from the time he had first accepted this post. Was he misrepresented or accurately judged? This work will critically assess these aspects of Daugherty's career. The writer's thesis is that Daugherty's own actions inspired the controversy and the abuse that surrounds his career. Even in a period where self-interest greatly abounded in politics, Daugherty stood above his contemporaries in this category. His political activity, too, was not always the sort that benefited the party or the country. More often than not, Republican leaders who received Daugherty's support paid for it in the end as a result of his embar rassing actions. Taft and Harding were the notable examples. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND POLITICS In 1881 Harry M. Daugherty, a young man of twenty, nailed his "shingle" to the law office door of Daugherty and Gregg in Washington Court House, Ohio. Situated next to Paint Creek in the center of Union Township, this small community of 3, 798 people did not compare with the large urban cities of Ohio. Yet it was the most important municipality in Fayette County. Washington Court House represented the commercial and governmental hub of the county: here, the farmers auctioned their hogs, sold their agricultural products, transacted their legal affairs, and saw their county governed. Although a small spinning business, a tool-handles factory, and a stamping works existed, Washington Court House was devoid of large industries. It instead serviced the predominantly agrarian elements of the county. Fayette County is situated in one of the most productive farming regions in southwestern Ohio. Bordered by Pickaway and Ross Counties on the east, Highland on the south, and Madison on the north, it is rooted between Franklin and Hamilton, the most politically important counties south of Cuyahoga. Located in the center of the county, Washington Court House is only thirty-nine miles southwest of Columbus, the state capital,