CONTENTS

-0Da Introduction. . . , ...... , ...... 4 + . a . - 1

Surface-Temperature Stations inGevgraphical Order ...... , ...... + 3

Alphabetical List of Surface-Tempe~tureStations ...... v ...... 0

Shoreline Surface Water-Temperature Data between Ne& Bay, Washington, and Cape &an LUC~S, Cglff~da 17

Station Looation Charts ...... , . . . + ...... 14 Summary of hily Observations ...... , ...... , 2Z

Shoreline Surface Water-Temperature Data between Monterey, California, and Paint Buehon, California . . . Station Location Chart ...... , ...... , ...... , . 34 Monthly Observations ...... , ...... 38

Shoreline Surface Water-Temperature Data between La Jolla, California, nnd Pun* Baja, Baja CalIfornla . . 39 Station Location Chart ...... , . , . , . . . 38 Monthly Observations ...... 40

Shoreline Surfaoe Water-Temperature Data between Clallam Bay, Washington, and Punta BanBa, Bajk CallfomrIa 46 Station Location Chart ...... 44 Monthly Observations ...... , ...... 46 INTRODUCTION

This report presents four groups of data observed at shoreline stations along the west coast of North America from the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, to the tip of Baja California, during 1900.

The first group of data consists of both temperBture and salinity monthly means, ranges and standard deviations based on daily observations. The other groups oonsist of single observations taken once a month.

Various agencies and volunteers have participated in the collection of these data. The agencies are: Hopkins Marine Station, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Coast Guard, the California State Park System, California County Park System, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

We are indebted to all volunteer observers and to Scripps' staff members who have tabulated the data and computed the statistics.

Dr. Carl La and Mrs. Laura C. Hubbs, of Soripps Institution, pioneered the once-a-month Baja California temperature observations. At their instigation the Hopkins Marine Station began a similar program between Monterey and Morro Bay.

Each month the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey sen& to Scripps Institution daily temperature and density valuee from four tide stations which are located at Neah Bay, Washington, and at Crescent City, Avila and Santa Monica, California. The density values are obtained by hydrometer and are converted at Scripps to salinity values listed in tenths of a part per thousand. The temperatures for this group have been converted from Fnhrenheit to centigrade for inclusion In this report,

All stations, Including U. S. Coast Guard stations, are maintained in cooperation with the Scripps Imtitution. Tem- peratures are taken using special high-grade thermometers supplied and calibrated by Scripps.

Temperatures are Wen by obtaining a sample of water in a container, then measuring the temperature of the sample in a specially oonstructed "kucketll in which the thermometer is mounted. Temperatures have been listed as reported with no attempt to screen or eliminate observers1 errors. Some readings are in tenths, others in hundredths of a de- gree oentigrade. Temperatures recorded on pages 40 to 43 were in part taken with a surf-casting thermometer.

Salinities are obtained from sea-water samples sealed in special saEnity bottles supplied by Scripps. Water samples are forwarded to Soripp.9 once a month for titration. Salinities determined by titration are listed in hundredas of a part per thousand.

Temperature readings and water samples are obtained from surf and sandy boaches, off rocky cWs and ledges, over the sides of lightships and off piers, depending on tho station locations.

A new group of stations has been established by Oregon State College to collect Wly surf temperatures along the Oregon coast at the following looations:

Arch Cape Seaside Aquarium Netarts Otter Rock Yachats Heceta Beach Coos Bay Bandon Brookings

The data obtained at these stations will be published by Oregon State College. Contact Dr. Wayne V. Burt, Department of Oceanography, School of Science, Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon, for additional information. SURFACE-TEMPERATURE STATIONS IN GEOGRAPHICAL ORDER

Station Name Position Location

Washington Neah Bay 48"22. O'N, 1~4~37.OtW USCGS Tide Gauge Strait of Juan de Fuca

Clallam Bay 48O15.8IN, 124' 15.0fW Slip Point Liglit Station U. S. Coast Guard

Oregon Columbia River Lightship 46"ll. O'N, 124'11. OfW Mouth of Columbia River Aatoria

Coos Head 43'20.tiTN, 124°22,01W Soutli Shore Coos Bay entrance

California Crescent City 4l045. DIN, 124' 12. OIW USCGS Tide Gauge Crescent City

Trinidad Bead 41'03. OIN, 124°07.0fW College Cove 46, 47

Blunts Red Lightship 40~26.OIN, 124" 30. OIW Off Cape Mendocino 23

Mendocino 39'18.2fN, 123'48.2'W Russian Gulch State Park near Mendocino

Fort Ross 38°30.7rN, 123'14.5lW Fort Ross Historical Monument Sonoma County

Bodega Bay: NW of 38"25. OIN, 123'06.01W Shell Beaoh, between DuncantsLandJng and Gull Roclc

Bodega Bay: north af 3aa22.71N, 123°04.91W Sanoma Coast &ate Park Sonoma County

Farallon Islands 37'42. OIN, 123"OO. OIW SE Farallon Island Light Station off San Francisco

Pillar Pant 37"2~.7'N,122'29.6,W Half Moon Bay

Half Moon Bay 37"28. OIN, 122°26.71W San Mateo Beaches State Park Half Moon Bay

Santa Cruz 37"57. OIN, 122~03.O1 W Natural Bridges Beach State Park Santa Cruz

Pacifio Grove 36'37.2,N, 121~54.2~WHopkins Marine Station Pacific Grove

Monterey Pier U 3e036.5'N, 121" 53,6IW Monterey 1

Mussel Point 36'37.21N1 121° 54.2lW Hopkins Marine Station Pacific Grove

Moss Beach 36' 36. SIN, 121" 57.2'W Monterey Peninsula Monterey County

36'33. SIN, 121-56. 5'W Carmel Bay, Carmel

36'31. SIN, 121°55. 6fW Carmel Bay, Carmel

Wt Lobos: north aide 36" 31.3lN, 121'56. SIW Point Lobos Reserve State Park Whalers Cove 6 - 4- %. Station Name Position Loantian -No.

California (oont. ) Point Loboe: south side 36.30. BIN, 121°56.61W Point Lobos Reserve State Park Carmel 7

Yankee Point: north of 36"29. TIN, 121'56.6tW Monterey County 8

Yankee Point: south of 36'29.4fN, 121' 66.6rW Monteroy County

Yankee Point: SE of 38°28.8rN, 121°56,31W Cove just south of Malpaso Creek

Soberanes Point 36'27.3rN. 121'658 5IW Monterey County

Garrapata Creek 36'25. ZIN, 121'55. OtW Monterey County

Rocky Creek 36'22.91N, 121'54. ZtW Monterey County

Little Sur 36'20. ZtN, 121°63.5tW Monterey County

Point Sur: north side 36'18.6rN, 12l053.0lW Monterey County

Point Sur: south side 36O18.3'N, 121°53.7fW Monterey County

Hot Springs Creek 36Q07.5tN, 121m38.4rW Monterey County

Gamboa Point: north of 36°03.3tN, 121'35.3~W Monterey County 18

Gorda Cove 35'50.9IN, 121°28. 7'W Monterey County 10

Point Piedras Blancas: north of 35"40.5'N, 121'17. OrW Near San Simeon 20

Point Piedras Blancas: east of 36O39.91N, 121°16. 61W Near San Sfmeon 21

San Simeon Bay 35'38.61N, 121'11. lfW San Simeon 22

Santa Rosa Creek 35'34. ZIN, 12lo06.61W Near Cambria 23

cayucos 36'26. BIN, 12O094.9'W Cayucos 24

Morro Rock 35'22. 2fN, 120°51. 8IW Morro Bay 25

Morro Bay 35'22. ltN, 120*51.7tW Morro Bay 26

Los Osos Creek 35'20.4'N, 120°49, 5lW Morro Bay 27A

Gaviota 34-20. ZrN, 120°13. 71W Gaviota Beach State Park Gaviota

Goleta Point 34'24. lrN, 119°50.6rW At about three fathoms. Goleta

Santa Barbara 34"24.3'N, 119D41.51W Harbor Department Santa Barbara

Ventura 34'16.5 IN, 119'17.5IW San Buenaveniura Beach State Park Ventura

Point Hueneme 34'09. OW, 119" 12. OW Point Hueneme Light Station Port Hueneme

Anacapa bland 34"OO. 91N, 119'21.51W Anacapa Island Light Station Anacapa Island

Point Dume: west of 34'01.4IN, 118"50. OrW Zuma Beach County Park near MaUbu - 6- Sta. Station Name Position Location -No. California (oont. ) Malibu Creek 34'02. OIN, 118'40.6~W At mouth of creek

mta Monica 34'00. OtN, 118'80. OfW USCGS Tide Gauge Station . Santa Monios

Flat Rock 33'41. BIN, 118°24.4tW Palos Verdes

Point Viaente 33°44.81N, 118'24. ~Iw Marineland of the Paoific Paloe Verdea

Portuguese Bend 38'4. 2lN, 118°24.3tW Palos Verdes

Huntington Beach 33°38.2fN, 117q58.3tW Huntington Beach State Park

Balboa 33'36lN, 117"64'W Newport Dead Pier Newport Beach

Balboa Breakwater 33*36.BIN, 117°32.81W Channel side northern breakwater

Corona del Mar 33'36. BIN, 117"62.71W 100 yards north of Kerckhoff Marine Station

Dana Point: oasst of 3S027.7'N, 117*41,1fW Doheny Beach State Park Dana Point

33'11. BIN, 117'23, llW Ooeanrside Pier Oceanside

La Jolla: end Soripps Pier 32-62. OIN. 117e15.31W Scripps btitution of Oceanography La Jolla

La Jolla: base Sorippe Pier 32'62. OfN, 117'16. I3 W Soripps Institution of Ooeanography La Jolla

Snn Diego: Paaifio Boaoh 32'47.81N, 117°16.4fW Grand Avenue, Paaific Beach

San Diggo: Mssion Bay 86'48.2rN, 117'16. llW Bonita Cove, Mission Bay

San Mego: Mission Beach 32'45.6tN, 117°14.81W Saa Luis Rey Plaoe Mission Beach

Coronado 32'41.2fN, 117'11.4IW North end of Coronado

South San Mego Bay 32"40.3~N, 117°09. 8IW Bay side, Silver Strand

Silver Sfrand 32'40. ZIN, 117'09.8IW Ocean side Silver Strand State Park

Imperial Beach 32'36. OfN,117'07.9~W Palm Avenue Imperial Beach Baja California Rosarita Beach: north of 32'20. SIN, 117'03.7~W Opposite Abraham Lincoln School

Rosarita Beach: south of 32'18. OIN, 117'03.4fW 3.5 miles south of south end of beach

Punk Dssoanso: north of 32" 16. TIN, 117*02,ZlW Rancho Cuevas 0.8 mile north of point

Punta Descaeso: east of 32'16.2fNI 117'00.8tW 0,9 mile east of point

Arroyo M6daslo 32" 13.6 fN, 116' 56.5'W Just south of lagoon Sta. --Station Name Position Location -No. California (cont,) Halfway House 32"lO. 4fN, 116"54.71W About 2 miles south of Arroyo Descanso

Playa La Misibn 32'06. OIN, 116'53. OfW Beach north of mouth Arroyo San Miguel

El Saueal: west of 31°64.21N, 116"43.7IW About 1 mile WNW of Pta. Saucedal

El Morro Light: NW of 31-62. lIN, 116'40.51W About 3 miles west of Ensenada

31°51. 6IN, 11fj037. 6IW Inside of Ensenada harbor

Estero Beach 31°47. llN, 116'37.4fW In beach surf

Estero: entrance 31'46. SIN, 116°37.41W Estero de Punta Banda

Estero de Punta Banda 31'42. OIN, 116'38.2fW West shore on south arm

Punta Banda Beach (1) 31°43. 2IN, 116'39.91W South end, Bahfa de Todos Santos

Punta Banda: Tres Hermanas 31°44.21N. 116°42.41W Northeast shore of point

Punta Banda: Papalote 3lo43.0'N. 116°43.61W Near Middle of SW side of point

Punta Banda! Arbolitos (1) 31°42. lIN, 116'41.3fW Nuevo Arbolitos near tip of point

Punta Banda: Arbolitoer (2) 3lo42.21N, 116°41.31W Nuevo Arbolitos head of cove

Puerto Santo Tom&: point (1) 31'32. $IN, 116~41.OIW In cove

Puerto Santo Tomgs: point (2) 31°32, 3tN, 116°41, OIW On south side of lava rock

~uerto an to ~bmgs: ccunp 31°32. 41N, 116'41. OIW Boat landing in cove at fish camp

Bahta. &nto Tds(1) 31°33.2'N, 116'40. llW Near middle of shore of bay

Bahia Banto Tom& (2) 31°32. 7IN. 116'40. llW Half mile NW of stream mouth

Boca Santo Tom'as 31' 32.3'N, 116'40. OIW At stream mouth

Punta Clara 51°31. glN, 116"39.7fW First point south of Boca Santo ~o&e

Punta China: point NW of 3lo31.6'N, 116°39.51W Between Pta. Chra - and Pta. China

Punta China: north face 31°31. 3'N. 116°39.21W Near middle of north face 18 42, 49 '

Punta China: cove at tip 31°31. 2IN, 116'39. llW Near new oement Plant --Station Name Position &~cation California (cont.) Punta Calavera: south of 3l021. 3IN, ll~"28.51W Between Pta. Calavera and Pta. Cabras

Punta Cabras: north of 31'20. SIN, 116'27. 31W North end of bead north of Pta. Cabras

Punta Cabras: south side 31'20. OtN, 116~27.2l~ North end of cove south of Pta. Cabras

Punta ~abras:SE of 31'18. BIN, 116q26.8lW Between Pta. Cabras and Pta. San Isidro

Punts Ban Isidro: north side 3lE17. 7IN, 116°26.2fW On north face of point

Punta San Isidro: south side 3l017.6IN, 116'26,21W In cove at tip of point

Arroyo San Isidro: north of 3l016.8IN, 116"29.5lW Shore inside of reef

Arroyo San Isidro: south of 3lg15,51N, 1113*22.4~W About 1mile north of Pta. Frailes

MaFrailes 31'13. OIN, ll6"21. 3lW First main point south of Arroyo San Isidro

Offshore rock: shore NE of 31q12. OIN, 116"20. ZIW By lagoon where road turns inland

Saa Antonio del Mar 31'05. BIN, 116'18.81W At south end of valley

Bahin Colnett (1) 30~58.O'N, 116°17. OIW At south end of aape

Bahfa Colnett (2) 30'57. %IN, 116'16. OIW East of Cabo Colnett

Boca San Telmo 30°56.2'N, 116"14.81W At mouth of Arroyo San Telmo

Punta San Telmo: SE of 30'85. OW, 116°13,21W About 2 miles south af Pta. San Telrno

Punta San Jaainto: NW of 3oq51.61N, 116"lO. 6'W About 6 miles south of Pta. San Telmo

Punta CamalG: NW of 30'49.21N, 116"OG. 4IW About 1mile NW of the point

Punta CamalG: east of 30°49.2'N, 11~~05.GIW About 1 mile east of the point

Arroyo Santo Doming'o 30'42. GIN, 116°02. 7'W Bahfa San Ram6n

Bahfa San Quintin: old pier 3o028.3IN, 115°57.71W 1.6 miles SE of old mill

Playa Smta Msria 30°24. OIN, 115~55.llW Santa Maria Sky Ranch

R~boSocorro 30'19.31N, 115°49.71W Just south of Arroyo Socorro

8anoho Socorro: ~putkof 30'18. OlN, 115'4%. B1W About 5 miles south of Ranaho Socorro sta. -Station Position Looation -No. && $%Ufornl~ (oont. ) CaHon Amargo 30'13. BIN, 115'48. otW About 10 miles eouth of Rancho Socorro

SO'OB.8'N. 115°48.2tW At mouth of myon

CGon Rosario: south of 30"07,5~N,116'48.91W About 2 miles eoutb at Cefion Roaario

Punta Bajal west side 29" 67. OtN, 115'48.8'W Near middle of point

Funta Baje: eart side 2B067, OtN, 115448.7tW Near middle of point

Bunta Baja: eaet of 29'67. OtN, 115°46.4tW About 2 miles east of Pta, Baja

Guadalupa bland 28'52.gfN, 118' 17.7'W South end at weather station

Ssn Bat05 Island 28'19. OtN, 116OS8. OtW Near lighthouse

Cedron Island 2~~06.SIN, 116s11. OIW Cedros Village ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SURFACE-TEMPERATURE STATIONS

--Statioa Name Type of Data Collested Agenay 1960

Anaaapa Island +/ d2/ USCG 3/ Arroyo M6dano T m- SIO

Arroyo Skn Ieidro: north ofl T m SIO

Arroya San Isidro: south of T m SIO

Arroyo Santo Domingo T m SIO

Bahf Colnett (1) T d SIO

B& Colnett (2) T m SIO

Baa. Ban Quintfn: old pier T m ST0

ahf fa Smto TO~LS(1) T m Sf0

~ddaSanto TO~LS(2) T m $10

Balboa TS~d SIO

Balboa Breakwater T rn UCLA

Blunts Reef Lightship TS d USCG

Booa 8an Telmo T m. SIO

Boaa 6anb Tom68 T dm $To

Bodega Bay: nor* of T d 810

Bodega Bay: NW of T m 'UCL.4

C&on Amargo T m ST0

Caiion Rosario T m 6x0

Cdon Rosario: south of T m SIO

Cayuoos T rn' HM9

Cedros Island T d SIO

Clallam Bay T dm UCLA

Columbia River Lightship T d USCG

Coos Head T m UCLA

Corona del Mar T m UCLA

~broddo T m SIO

Creeoeht City TS * d USCGS

Dam Nintz east of -, T d SIO

, 7, i -'$; &face tempe z'd: values taken dai$ %: Values taken onc

3'~: Surfme salinities --Station Name Type of Data Collected Agency 9 1960

El Morro Light: NW of T m

El Sauzal: west of T m SIO 40, 41

Ensenada T m

Esteno Bead SIO 40, 41

Egtero de Punta Banda

Eatero: entrance SIO

Farallon Ielands USCG

FMRook UCZA

~orl:Rosa SIO

Gamboa Point: north of Hm

Garrapata Creek HMS

Gaviota 810

Goleta Point UCLA

GordEs Cove HMS

Guadalupe Island SIO

HaJf Moon Bay SIO

HdXw61.y House SIO 40, 41

Hot Springs Creek SIO 36, 37

, Hmtin@on Beach SIO 29

Ixdperial Beach SIO 31, 40, 41

La Jolla: baae Scripps Pier SIO 31, 40, 41

. La Uololla; end Soripps Pier SIO 31, 40, 41

LSttle Sur HMS 36, 37

Log Osos Creek HMS 36, 37

Malibu Creek UCLA 46, 47

Mmdoaino

MUnte~eyPier I1 , HMS 36, 37

MohdaBay i + HMS 36, 37

M@rl,o Sock 3 / HMS 86, 37

Wbss Beach --Station Name Tvpe of Data Collected 1960

Oceanside T d SIO

Wshore rock: shore NE of T m SIO

Pacific Grove TS d HMS

Pillar Point T m UCLA

Playa ?+a Misi6n T m 810

Playa Santa Maria T m $10

Point Dume: west of T d SIO

Point Hueneme TS d USCG

Point hobos: north side T dm HMS SIO

Point Lobos: sovth side T dm HMS SZO

Point Piedras Blancas: east of T m HMS

Pobt Piedra~Blancas: north of T m HMS

Point Sur: north side T m HMS

Point Sur: south side T m HMS

Point Vicente T d @I0

Pmtuguese Bend T m UCZA

Puerk, Smto oma as: camp T rn SXO

Puerto Santo Tom&: polnt (1) T m SIO

Puerto Santo Tombs: point (2) T m S I0

Punta Baja: east side T m 810

Wta Baja: east of T m SIO

Punta Baja: west side T m SIO

Pwta Banda: Arbolitos (1) T m SIO

Punta Baqda: Arbolitos (Z) T dm SIO

Punta Banda Beach (1) T m SIO

Punta Banda: Papalote T m UCLA

Punta Banda: Tres Hermanas T d UCLA

Punk Cabras: north of T m SIO

Puqta Cabras: south side T m SIO

Punta eabras: SE of T m SJO

Punta Calavera: south of T m SIO

BUa qamalii: east of T m SYO Pwta Cpmal6: NW of a0

Pwh China: cove at ffp NO

Pwta Chb north boa a0

Punta Chias: point NW of 810

FJphclam a0

Punts Desoanso: east of 610

Purmta Desoanso: north of SIO

PWFrdles 610 pUnta Ban Iaidro: north- aide SIO

NtaBan Uidro: e~uthaide SIO

Pupta Skn Jacinto: NW of SIO

Pmta 8an Telmo: SE of SIO

-&o Socorro SI 0

Roaaho Sooorro: south of $10

Rocky Creek I.1 MS

Roaarita Beach: north of 810

Rogp.ril;B. Beach: south of UCZh

S~QAr&@nio del Mar 810

San Benitos Island SIO

San Diego: Mission Bay 610

San Diego: Mission Bead SIO

San Diego: Pacific Beach SIO

San Jose Creek HMS

San Sipeon Bay I1 MS

Sa9t.a Barbara SIU

Santa Cruz SIO

Santa Monica USOGS

Santa Rosa Creel< H MS

Silver Stmnd Slo

Sobernnes Point BMS

South San Dfego Bay 810

SUklw&er Cove N MS

Trinidad Head UCLA - 13-

Station Name T.me of Data Cellected Amncsf &E

1960

Venturn T d 910

Yankee Point, north of T m HMS

YdsePoint: south of

Yankee Point: BE of

University of Calltort&, Scripps Institution of Ootsanography, La Jolh, California

HMS Hopkina Marine Station, Pacific Grave, California

USCQ United States Coasl Guard Bervioe

USCGS United States Coasl and Gsodetic Survey

UCLA University of CaJiforilia at Los Angeles w'

Neah Bay (USCGS) LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER- TEMPERATURE STATIONS UNITED STATES - WEST COAST

(Underlined stations,collect daily water samples)

Columbia River Lightship

Blunts Reef Lightship

1I

ove - Hapkins Marine I ,: Station I 20"' USCGS).. .

LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER -TEMPERATURE STAT1ONS UNITED STATES- WEST COAST. (Underlined stations collect daily water samptes)

Santa Cruz I.

Santa Gotalina Island - Dana Potnt, E of San Nicolas%

SHORELINE SURFACE WATER-TEMPERATURE DATA BETWEEN

NEAH BAY, WASHINGTON, AND CAPE SAN LUCAS, BAJA CALIFORNIA

For the daily stations, the data presented show the monthly means, ranges, and standard deviations. A oode designates the number of observations from which the averages were computed. This code is as follows:

No Designation 25 or more observations ina month, or 23 or more in February,

8 battered Minimum of 5 observations per month wlth at least one in any ?-day period.

A-B-C Minimum of 8 or more observations in any group during a 10- day period. These periods are: A, 1 to 10; B, 11 to 201 C, 21 to 30 or 31.

Means, maxima, minima, ranges and standard deviations are includod for those months marked liS1lbut the values are listed in parenthesis.

For values designed "AIff frB,llffC,tl or my combination of these lettore, means, maxima and minima are lieted in parenthesia. Ranges and standard deviations are omitted,

METHOD OF COMPUTING STANDARD DEVIATIONS

The 1865 data for the shore stations which were aotive at that time were published in the data report, Surfaoe Water Temperatures at &ore Btations, United States West Coast and Baja California, 1956 (810Ref. 57-28, 5 July 1867). In that report the publiehed stendard deviations were computed using the following formula: '

The oalculations of a by use of formula (1) is time oonsuming even with automatic calculators, particularly for a group of data a6 large as the one presented here. Therefore, a study was made of two methods of estimating the etandard deviation. Them approximate methods are based on the relationships of the standard deviation to the range in a unit- normal-frcquenoy distribution,

R. A, Fisher and F, Yates in $t%tistical Tables for BisLosioal, ARrioultural and Medical Reoords, 4th edition, 1063, page 26 and Table XX, desasibe the two methods and tabulate the appropriate factors neoeseary for the oalaulatfons in terms of unit standard deviations for both methods. 2. 1 1 2 1% The first method whioh will be referred to as the standard deviation estimated from the rahge, Or pranp, le basbtl ah the foflowtng formula: ,. r1 ' . I/ I . ' I' " 17 I (Xn X1) grange - I 2 4 (2) The seoond method, whioh will be referred to as the standard deviation estimated from the rank, or Urank, is oalcu; lated from the following formula! jXn + Xn- 11 - (X?, + Xl)

where XI, x2 , . .xn-l, x, are values placed in asoending order from smallest to largest, and ~11and 4 are the mean deviations for unit normal distributions of the first and seoond largest members of appropriate sample siees, taken from Table XX, Fisher and Yates.

The Wandard deviations were aaloulated for 1965 temperature and salinity data, using the three methods. Table IA shows the frequency distribution of the deviations (u - uran e) and Table IB is the frequenoy distribution of the devia- ti- (cr - crd)for the tmperature values. Table 1I.4 anf~present the frequenoy di~tributionof Ur [email protected] the salinity data. The deviations in Table II are tabulated in units of hundredths while those of Table I are in tenths. Table gwarizee the deviations in term8 of percentages for both temperature and salinity data.

These tables show that fvtdard deviations estimated from formula (3) are in better agreement wi puted &om the Btmdard formula (1) than are the values obtained using formula (a). Formula ( single e%treme valyes. Howuver, both methods spar to give suffioiently accurate estirn general use#, paztioukarlg shoe the dayvalue8 are avalable to those persons who feel ues based on formula @), Therefore, etandard deviaQone in this publication have been e based on rank.