Looking for Betty Macdonald the Northwest Author of Mrs
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The Magazine of Humanities Washington WINTER/SPRING 2017 Looking for Betty MacDonald The Northwest author of Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle and The Egg and I wrote about illness and poverty as though they were the funniest things in the world. ALSO INSIDE Governor Inslee’s Reading Habits | Conspiracy Theory Politics | Understanding Islam 5 QUESTIONS Untruth to Power by Jefferson Robbins ...................................................4–6 EDITORIAL I Would Drink Deeper by Tod Marshall .......................................................8–9 INSIDE FEATURE Looking for Betty MacDonald by Paula Becker ...............................................10–14 5 QUESTIONS Understanding Islam by Jefferson Robbins ............................................ 15–17 READING HABITS with Governor Jay Inslee ..........................................................18–19 NEWS & NOTES ...............................................................................................21 IN MEMORIAM by Karen Hanson Ellick ..............................................................22–23 CALENDAR ................................................................................................24–25 ABOUT HUMANITIES WASHINGTON .........................................................26–27 From the Executive Director By now you have likely heard reports that federal funding is at risk for the National Endowment for the Humanities and National THE HUMANITIES Endowment for the Arts. UNDER THREAT People are speaking out on social media and circulating online petitions, but they are a mere whisper of the monumental backlash that is to come. Are you ready? What will be lost if Congress Contrary to the beliefs of some, the humanities do not reside cuts funding for the NEH? merely in ivory towers. Humanities programs—made possible by federal dollars—flow into small-town libraries, tiny cultural centers, and hometown fairs and festivals from Port Angeles to the Palouse. We know By Julie Ziegler because that’s where Humanities Washington does the majority of its work: not in big cities, but the rural, coastal, and mid-sized towns from inland Washington to the coast. We reach communities without universities or major cultural hubs, but who are excited to come together to learn about, discuss, and debate our shared history and future. Everyone deserves access to thought-provoking cultural programs that build community. To dismantle the Endowments would put these community-building efforts at significant risk and further polarize our country. I was raised in Yakima, and understand the perception that the humanities reside in musty university libraries or poetry slams for the uber-hip in urban coffeehouses. The Photo of Julie Ziegler by Devin Kearns Hamid humanities can seem far removed from the farms, factories, and storefronts of our small 2 SPARK { Humanities Washington Magazine WINTER/SPRING 2017 towns. But take a quick look around many main streets and you will likely see a poster The humanities do not reside merely in ivory towers. Humanities programs– advertising an upcoming Speakers Bureau talk at the community center; children in made possible by federal dollars–happen in small town libraries, tiny cultural a library after hours whose hands wave in centers, and hometown fairs and festivals from Port Angeles to the Palouse. the air as they wait to ask questions of their Prime Time Family Reading storyteller; or an outdoor festival showcasing local have, through involvement at the most touch with us, sign up for our email list at Latino, Russian, Native American or other grassroots levels, touched nearly every humanities.org and “like” us on Facebook cultural traditions. This is Humanities or Twitter. Encourage your friends and Washington at work. American. They are not a luxury. They are not a partisan issue. The humanities others in your community who value the Regardless of where you live or your enable us to learn about and tell the stories humanities and the arts to do the same. political beliefs, we hope we can count on of our communities and our nation. Stay tuned and get ready. you to fight for cultural programs in our communities. For children. For seniors. In the coming weeks, when the time is With sincere appreciation, For new immigrants. For communities of right, we will ask you to advocate. We will color. For veterans. For ALL OF US. give you the talking points, and simply ask that you help spread the word. We have Since they were founded 50 years ago, the supported the people of Washington National Endowment for the Humanities State for 43 years, and we’re hopeful Julie Ziegler, Executive Director and the National Endowment for the Arts you will support us in return. To stay in Humanities Washington WINTER/SPRING 2017 SPARK { Humanities Washington Magazine 3 5 Questions Eye from the dollar bill | Photo by Mark Turnauckas UNTRUTH TO POWER The surprisingly long history of conspiracy theories in US politics. By Jefferson Robbins 4 SPARK { Humanities Washington Magazine WINTER/SPRING 2017 IF IT SEEMS that more and more of your Cornell Clayton: Thomas Jefferson anti-establishment campaign. But it really Facebook friends are consumed by dark was clearly a populist, who railed against is a matter of degree, and during periods theories about who’s really running things, the Eastern mercantile elite, and argued when you see rapid economic and cultural Cornell Clayton would like to remind you for the small farmer. He was attacked transformations taking place, populism that it’s not a new fascination. as being a populist by John Adams and conspiratorial thinking get really teed and others, and along with that, lots of up. They resonate with more Americans, “Depending on the iteration of this conspiracy theorizing emerged around the because many are experiencing the conspiracy, it’s the Rothschilds, it’s Jewish Jeffersonian presidency. This was when the changes taking place in our culture bankers, it’s any one of a number of Illuminati conspiracy was popular: that and our economy and our identity as a different elites,” says Clayton, a public there was a secretive group—and Jefferson nation. Today we have the same forces in policy scholar at Washington State was part of it—that was conspiring to create play. The globalization of the economy University. “That notion has been around a global one-world government and take has fundamentally restructured the way a very long time — and was recently away American customs, especially some Americans work. We have more foreign- embraced by our new President.” of our religious traditions. Andrew born Americans than at any time since the Jackson was another populist leader 1890s. And we also have the new Gilded It was well before the 2016 election when who railed against the elites in the East Age—the polarization of income and Clayton came up with the concept for his and was seen as a champion of people wealth that’s greater than at any time since latest Humanities Washington Speakers without property. He was attacked as a the 1890s. That’s what populist rhetoric, Bureau presentation, but talk about populist, and was even called “Andrew on both the political left and political right, capturing the zeitgeist. “Crazy Politics: Jackass,” which is why the Democratic is tapping into. And that can easily tap Populism, Conspiracy Theories, and Party is represented by a donkey. At into the paranoid style, and that’s being Paranoia in America” delves into the that time, we also got the Anti-Masonic helped even more today with new forms ways charismatic politicians including Society. It formed the seed bed for what of media. Conspiracy theories are given Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders, and became the Know-Nothing Party of the great immediacy and can be circulated very their forebears have seized on voters’ dark 1850s. They were a deeply anti-Catholic, quickly [now]. suspicions — fact-based and otherwise anti-immigrant party, and again, had — to angle for power and prominence. lots of populist rhetoric. Of course, the The practice goes back practically to populist era is usually associated with the 1880s and 1890s, and that’s when the During periods when we see rapid the Founders, Clayton says, and has Populist Party emerged. During the first historically forked in two directions. two elections of the 1890s, the Populist economic and cultural transformations “Populism is simply a Manichaean view Party joined with the Democratic Party taking place, populism and of politics,” Clayton says. “It’s the belief to run William Jennings Bryan. Huey conspiratorial thinking get really teed up. that there’s a malevolent elite out there Long is a classic populist — if you listen that, either in secret or openly, dominates to some of his speeches, the elites were our political and economic systems at the the Rockefellers and others who were exploiting Americans, and there was this expense of ‘real’ Americans, and there’s deep conspiracy going on to screw the When fringe theories try to take hold this struggle going on between the two. American worker. in politics, is it better to ignore them or […] The ‘paranoid style’ goes a bit further, to hold them up to the light? because it embraces the conspiratorial and What gives rise to a populist or apocalyptic mentality, and talks about a conspiratorial thread in national It’s not that simple. The people who secret force that attacks our very way of life.” elections? embrace the paranoid style (and I use the term not in the clinical meaning Humanities Washington: Who in To some extent, there is populist rhetoric of paranoid, but in the way Richard presidential politics stand out as in almost every election. Whoever Hofstadter used it to refer to a certain populist figures? is out of power, they usually run an form of discourse that sees deep-seated WINTER/SPRING 2017 SPARK { Humanities Washington Magazine 5 Westboro Baptist Church | Photo by John Lemieux Cornell Clayton | Photo by Young Kwak conspiratorial actors working to you have to understand that both populist Many voters embraced conspiratorial undermine the American system or rhetoric and conspiratorial styles of thinking in this last election, and many the American people) usually embrace discourse are born out of something.