DOCSLIB.ORG

NPS-Related Deaths: Perspective from the EU

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NPS-Related Deaths: Perspective from the EU New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): the EU Early Warning System (EWS) perspective Rachel Christie, PhD – Action on new drugs, Risks to public safety and security unit, EMCDDA CADAP Regional Conference on new psychoactive substances, 6 February 2019, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Historical perspective: the future of drugs of abuse? In 1988 Henderson made some predictions about the future drugs of abuse….. • Future drugs of abuse will be synthetics • Synthesised from readily available precursors • Derivatives of pharmaceuticals • Very potent • Often very selective • Marketed very cleverly Henderson GL. Designer drugs: past history and future prospects. Journal of Forensic Science. 1988 Mar 2 1;33(2):569-75 The future of drugs of abuse? 3 The future of drugs of abuse? 4 NPS: from imitation to innovation ‘Designer drugs’ Party Herbal Research Legal pills highs chemicals highs ‘Legal highs’ Phenethylamines Tryptamines Piperazines Cathinones Synthetic CBs 1980s 1990s 2000s 2005 2008 Quest for new ‘ecstasy’ BZP Mephedrone Spice Who we are, what we do Factual, Objective, Reliable, Comparable Substances monitored by the EU EWS 2018: 55 >700 substances monitored in 13 categories (2005–2018): • >190 synthetic cannabinoids • >130 synthetic cathinones • ~50 opioids • >20 benzodiazepines 8 NPS detections in the EU More than 300,000 seizures of NPS reported by Synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones law enforcement from 2005–2016 account for almost 80% of all seizure cases reported in 2016 Almost 71,000 seizures of NPS in 2016 9 NPS quantities in the EU More than 24 tonnes of NPS seized by law enforcement from 2005–2016 Synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones accounted for 80% of all seizure cases and Just over 4 tonnes of NPS seized in quantities seized in 2016 2016 10 What caused the flood? 11 What caused the flood? China ▪ In 2015 almost 1.2 tonnes of the total quantity of NPS substances seized in the EU originated in China. ▪ 11 single seizures at airports in Spain, almost 1.1 tonnes of cathinones. ▪ October 2015: the People’s Republic of China subjected 116 NPS to control ▪ In 2016, just over 300 kg of NPS seized in the EU had originated in China. ▪ Almost 90% of those seizures occurred at airports in Spain and consisted of cathinones, cannabinoids and other NPS. In 2016, China, Spain, the Netherlands and the UK were the most frequently reported NPS origin countries based on seizures reported to the EWS 12 Responding to harms Public health alerts issued in 2016 and 2017 included: • Serious adverse events associated with the use of cannabinoids • Deaths associated with the use of potent opioids and fentanils • Superman logo ecstasy tablets containing PMMA • Deaths associated with CUMYL-4CN-BINACA Responding to harms: risk assessments completed 1998 - 2018 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 MBDB 4-MTA Ketamine PMMA 2-CI GHB 2-C-T-2 2-C-T-7 TMA-2 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 BZP mephedrone 4-MA 5-IT Methoxetamine α-PVP MDPV 25I-NBOMe AH-7921 4,4’-DMAR MT-45 2016 …. 2017 …. 2018 …. Acryloylfentanyl MDMB-CHMICA Cyclopropylfentanyl Furanylfentanyl Methoxyacetylfentanyl AB-CHMINACA ADB-CHMINACA 5F-MDMB-PINACA CUMYL-4CN-BINACA 4F-iBF THF-F Carfentanil Fentanils Fentanils: 1979-2010 16 Notifications of fentanils, 2012–2018 7 risk assessments 2017–2018 (Iso)butyryl-F-fentanyl N-benzyl analogue Acryloylfentanyl (47 deaths), Furanylfentanyl (23), Isobutyrylfentanyl Tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl (14), 4-Fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (20), Carfentanil (61), Cyclopropylfentanyl (78), Methoxyacetylfentanyl (13) Carfentanil Valerylfentanyl Ocfentanil Acryloylfentanyl 2-Fluorofentanyl 4-Chloroisobutyrylfentanyl 4-Fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl 3-Methylcrotonylfentanyl Butyrfentanyl 3-Fluorofentanyl 4-Hydroxybutyrfentanyl Acetylfentanyl Methoxyacetylfentanyl 4-Fluoro- Tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl cyclopropylbenzylfentanyl Furanylbenzylfentanyl 2-Methylacetylfentanyl Despropionyl-2-fluorofentanyl 4-Methoxybutyrfentanyl Furanylfentanyl Cyclopentylfentanyl Benzodioxolefentanyl Benzoylfentanyl 3-Phenylpropanoylfentanyl Tetramethylcyclopropanefentanyl Cyclopropylfentanyl Thiophenefentanyl Benzylfentanyl Benzoyloylbenzylfentanyl Acetylbenzylfentanyl 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Fentanils: easier to get hold of, easier to use • More than 30 detected since 2012 • Surface web, darknet, street-level • Sold as ‘legal’ replacements to illicit opioids • Sold as heroin, fake medicines, cocaine • Novel dosage forms (nasal sprays and e-liquids) • Rapid onset of life-threatening respiratory depression • Increase in poisonings (inc outbreaks) Seizure of nasal sprays containing acrylfentanyl, 2016. © Swedish Police Seizure of carfentanil, 2017. © Norwegian National Criminal Investigation Service Fentanils: availability in the EU Fentanils: forms detected Methoxyacetylfentanyl sold as ‘ching’ Acryloylfentanyl detected in (Slovenia, 2017) capsule (Denmark, 2016) Carfentanil detected in blotters Ocfentanil detected in hashish- (Canada, 2018) like substance (Sweden, 2016) 20 Fentanils: sold as medicines Fentanils: associated death cases Synthetic Cannabinoids Synthetic cannabinoids: 2006 - present 24 Synthetic cannabinoids: potent, disposable, cheap • Sold as legal replacements to cannabis • Highly potent & efficacious (often full agonists at CB1 & CB2; other targets?) • Disposable (appear, controlled, replaced) • 178 detected in Europe since 2005 • Increase in severe poisonings and deaths • Outbreaks of mass poisonings (overwhelm emergency responders/ hospital emergencies) • A reputation as a cheap and powerful intoxicant with vulnerable groups • Sold as other drugs Synthetic cannabinoids: availability in the EU Formal notifications 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Seizures by law enforcement of synthetic cannabinoids reported to the EU Early Warning System. Trends in number and quantity seized, 2005–16. Synthetic cannabinoids: smoking mixtures Synthetic cannabinoids: expect the unexpected • Poisonings reported in Oldham & Rochdale, United Kingdom, June 2017 • Crystals sold as MDMA (ecstasy) • Analysis identifies ADB-FUBICA & ADB-FUBINACA (high purity, >99% by GC-MS) • ADB-FUBINACA sold as ecstasy caused 15 poisonings in Hungary in May 2015 • Patients took 1 tablet, 20% had mild, 73.3% moderate and 6.7% severe intoxication © Dr Oliver Sutcliffe & Matthew Hulme © Hungarian National Focal Point Synthetic cannabinoids: associated death cases 20 years of monitoring – overall trends • Decrease in the number of new substances identified for the first time in 2016 and 2017 • However, a large increase observed in: • Availability of NPS in Europe • Detections reported by law enforcement agencies • Serious adverse events i.e. non-fatal intoxications, deaths and other harms • Consumer groups of NPS have broadened • Trend towards highly potent substances • Growing interactions between the NPS and the established illicit drug market 30 Acknowledgment and thanks to the Reitox network and the national early warning system correspondents Email: [email protected] http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/activities/action-on-new-drugs http://www.emcdda.europa.eu /system/files/publications/8870 emcdda.europa.eu /2018-2489-td0118414enn.pdf twitter.com/emcdda facebook.com/emcdda youtube.com/emcddatube flickr.com/photos/emcdda.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Swedish Code of Statutes
    1. ------IND- 2018 0506 S-- EN- ------ 20190508 --- --- FINAL Swedish Code of Statutes Ordinance amending the Ordinance (1999:58) banning certain products SFS 2018:1587 that are harmful to health Published Issued on 4 October 2018 on 9 October 2018 The Government hereby lays down1 that the annex to the Ordinance (1999:58) prohibiting certain products that are harmful to health shall read as set out below. ___________ This ordinance shall enter into force on 12 November 2018. On behalf of the government ANNIKA STRANDHÄLL Kjell Rempler (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs) 1 See Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical regulations and of rules on Information Society services. 2 Annex SFS 2018:1587 List of products to be regarded as products that are harmful to health in accordance with the Ordinance prohibiting certain products that are harmful to health N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butylamine (MBDB) 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butylamine (BDB) 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT) 5-methoxy-alphamethyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chlorophenethylamine (2C-C) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine (2C-D) 4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-AcO-DiPT) 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-HO-DiPT) gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) 4-acetoxy-N,N-methylisopropyltryptamine
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and Its Analogues in Biological Specimens
    Recommended methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Biological Specimens MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG ANALYSIS LABORATORIES Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Fentanyl and its Analogues in Biological Specimens MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG ANALYSIS LABORATORIES UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2017 Note Operating and experimental conditions are reproduced from the original reference materials, including unpublished methods, validated and used in selected national laboratories as per the list of references. A number of alternative conditions and substitution of named commercial products may provide comparable results in many cases. However, any modification has to be validated before it is integrated into laboratory routines. ST/NAR/53 Original language: English © United Nations, November 2017. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of names of firms and commercial products does not imply the endorse- ment of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Acknowledgements The Laboratory and Scientific Section of the UNODC (LSS, headed by Dr. Justice Tettey) wishes to express its appreciation and thanks to Dr. Barry Logan, Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, at the Fredric Rieders Family Founda- tion and NMS Labs, United States; Amanda L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • UNODC, Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia
    Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia Latest developments and challenges May 2020 Global SMART Programme Copyright © 2020, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Global Synthetic Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends (SMART) Programme, Laboratory and Scientific Section with the support of the UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Supervision, direction and review Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientific Section Jeremy Douglas, Regional Representative, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Research and drafting Martin Raithelhuber, Illicit Synthetic Drugs Expert Tun Nay Soe, Inter-regional Programme Coordinator Inshik Sim, Drug Programme Analyst, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Joey Yang Yi Tan, Junior Professional Officer in Drug Research Graphic design and layout Akara Umapornsakula, Graphic Designer Administrative support Jatupat Buasipreeda, Programme Assistant The present report also benefited from the expertise and valuable contributions of UNODC colleagues in the Laboratory and Scientific Section and the Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, including Tsegahiwot Abebe Belachew, Rebecca Miller, Reiner Pungs, and John Wojcik. Disclaimer This report has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC or the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence
    WHO Technical Report Series 1034 This report presents the recommendations of the forty-third Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD). The ECDD is responsible for the assessment of psychoactive substances for possible scheduling under the International Drug Control Conventions. The ECDD reviews the therapeutic usefulness, the liability for abuse and dependence, and the public health and social harm of each substance. The ECDD advises the Director-General of WHO to reschedule or to amend the scheduling status of a substance. The Director-General will, as appropriate, communicate the recommendations to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who will in turn communicate the advice to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. This report summarizes the findings of the forty-third meeting at which the Committee reviewed 11 psychoactive substances: – 5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) WHO Expert Committee – 3-Fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM) – 3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) on Drug Dependence – Diphenidine – 2-Methoxydiphenidine (2-MeO-DIPHENIDINE) Forty-third report – Isotonitazene – MDMB-4en-PINACA – CUMYL-PEGACLONE – Flubromazolam – Clonazolam – Diclazepam The report also contains the critical review documents that informed recommendations made by the ECDD regarding international control of those substances. The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective, reliable information and advice in the field of human health, a responsibility that it fulfils in part through its extensive programme of publications. The Organization seeks through its publications to support national health strategies and address the most pressing public health concerns of populations around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Review Report: CROTONYLFENTANYL
    Critical Review Report: CROTONYLFENTANYL Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Forty-second Meeting Geneva, 21-25 October 2019 This report contains the views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization 42nd ECDD (2019): Crotonylfentanyl © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. nd This is an advance copy distributed to the participants of the 42 Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, before it has been formally published by the World Health Organization. The document may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed, translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the permission of the World Health Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Model Scheduling New/Novel Psychoactive Substances Act (Third Edition)
    Model Scheduling New/Novel Psychoactive Substances Act (Third Edition) July 1, 2019. This project was supported by Grant No. G1799ONDCP03A, awarded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Office of National Drug Control Policy or the United States Government. © 2019 NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG LAWS. This document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with full attribution to the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws. Please contact NAMSDL at [email protected] or (703) 229-4954 with any questions about the Model Language. This document is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or opinion. Headquarters Office: NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG 1 LAWS, 1335 North Front Street, First Floor, Harrisburg, PA, 17102-2629. Model Scheduling New/Novel Psychoactive Substances Act (Third Edition)1 Table of Contents 3 Policy Statement and Background 5 Highlights 6 Section I – Short Title 6 Section II – Purpose 6 Section III – Synthetic Cannabinoids 13 Section IV – Substituted Cathinones 19 Section V – Substituted Phenethylamines 23 Section VI – N-benzyl Phenethylamine Compounds 25 Section VII – Substituted Tryptamines 28 Section VIII – Substituted Phenylcyclohexylamines 30 Section IX – Fentanyl Derivatives 39 Section X – Unclassified NPS 43 Appendix 1 Second edition published in September 2018; first edition published in 2014. Content in red bold first added in third edition. © 2019 NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG LAWS. This document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with full attribution to the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws.
    [Show full text]
  • TESTIMONY of CASEY OWEN DURST Director of Field Operations
    TESTIMONY OF CASEY OWEN DURST Director of Field Operations Baltimore Field Office Office of Field Operations U.S. Customs and Border Protection Department of Homeland Security For a Hearing BEFORE U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency ON “Combating Opioid Smuggling” June 19, 2018 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Introduction Chairman Perry, Ranking Member Correa, and distinguished Members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to appear today to discuss the role of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in combating the flow of opioids, including synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, into the United States. The opioid crisis is one of the most important, complex, and difficult challenges our Nation faces today, and was declared a National Emergency by President Donald Trump in October of last year.1 As America’s unified border agency, CBP plays a critical role in preventing illicit narcotics, including opioids, from reaching the American public. CBP leverages targeting and intelligence- driven strategies, and works in close coordination with our partners as part of our multi-layered, risk-based approach to enhance the security of our borders and our country. This layered approach reduces our reliance on any single point or program, and extends our zone of security outward, ensuring our physical border is not the first or last line of defense, but one of many. Opioid Trends, Interdictions, and Challenges In Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 to-date, the efforts of Office of Field Operations (OFO) and U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) personnel resulted in the seizure of more than 545,000 lbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf | 6.4 Mb | Depressants
    3 DEPRESSANTS 3 DEPRESSANTS 2019 2019 © United Nations, June 2019. All rights reserved worldwide. ISBN: 978-92-1-148314-7 eISBN: 978-92-1-004174-4 United Nations publication, Sales No. E.19.XI.9 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. Suggested citation:, World Drug Report 2019 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.19.XI.8). No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNODC. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Research and Trend Analysis Branch of UNODC. DISCLAIMER The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any endorsement. Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime PO Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria Tel: (+43) 1 26060 0 Fax: (+43) 1 26060 5827 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/wdr2019 PREFACE The findings of this year’s World Drug Report fill in same time clamping down on organized crime and and further complicate the global picture of drug trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • Lietuvos Respublikos Sveikatos Apsaugos Ministras
    Elektroninio dokumento nuorašas LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS SVEIKATOS APSAUGOS MINISTRAS ĮSAKYMAS DĖL LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS SVEIKATOS APSAUGOS MINISTRO 2003 M. BALANDŽIO 23 D. ĮSAKYMO NR. V-239 „DĖL NARKOTINIŲ IR PSICHOTROPINIŲ MEDŽIAGŲ NEDIDELIO, DIDELIO IR LABAI DIDELIO KIEKIO NUSTATYMO REKOMENDACIJŲ“ PAKEITIMO 2017 m. liepos 7 d. Nr. V-854 Vilnius P a k e i č i u Narkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų nedidelio, didelio ir labai didelio kiekio nustatymo rekomendacijas, patvirtintas Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministro 2003 m. balandžio 23 d. įsakymu Nr. V-239 „Dėl Narkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų nedidelio, didelio ir labai didelio kiekio nustatymo rekomendacijų“: 1. Papildau 121 punktu: „121. Alfa-metilfentanil butanamido analogas (Alpha- 0,0005 g 0,0035 g 0,02 g“ methylfentanyl butanamide analogue, 2-methyl-N- phenyl-N-[1-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)piperidin-4- yl]propanamide) 2. Papildau 131 punktu: „131. Benzodioksole-fentanilis (Benzodioxole-fentanyl, BZD- 0,0005 g 0,0035 g 0,02 g“ F, benzodioxole-F, benzodioxolefentanyl, N-phenyl-N-[1- (2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5- carboxamide) 3. Papildau nauju 152 punktu: „152. Ciklopentilfentanilis (Cyclopentylfentanyl, Cyclopentyl- 0,0005 g 0,0035 g 0,02 g“ F, cyclopentyl-fentanyl, CP-F, N-phenyl-N-[1-(2- phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]cyclopentanecarboxamide, N- (1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N- phenylcyclopentanecarboxamide) 4. Buvusį 152 punktą laikau 153 punktu. 5. Papildau nauju 171 punktu: „171. 4F-BF (4-fluoro-butyrfentanyl, N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[(1- 0,0015 g 0,0105 g 0,06 g“ (2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)]butanamide) 6. Buvusius 171–173 punktus laikau atitinkamai 172–174 punktais. 7. Papildau 181 punktu: „181.
    [Show full text]
  • Infographics About Synthetic Opioids
    UNODC LEADING THE INTERGRATED GLOBAL RESPONSE TO THE OPIOID CRISIS P I L L A R 1 P I L L A R 2 P I L L A R 3 P I L L A R 4 P I L L A R 5 I N T E R N A T I O N A L L A W S T R E N G T H E N I N G C O U N T E R E A R L Y W A R N I N G A N D R A T I O N A L P R E S C R I B I N G A N D S T R E N G T H E N I N G A N D S U P P O R T I N G E N F O R C E M E N T O P E R A T I O N S N A R C O T I C C A P A C I T Y A N D T R E N D A N A L Y S I S A C C E S S T O O P I O I D S P R E V E N T I O N A N D T R E A T M E N T T O D I S R U P T T R A F F I C K I N G I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I O N IDENTIFYING THE MOST PREVELANT, PERSISTANT AND HARMFUL SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS U N O D C 282 90 E A R L Y TOXICOLOGY COLLABORATING IN COUNTRIES W A R N I N G INFORMED THREATS LABORATORIES A D V I S O R Y ASSESSMENTS PHARMACOLOGICAL INFORMATION L A B O R A T O R I E S A N D D A T A P O I N T S L A B O R A T O R I E S D A T A P O I N T S G L O B A L S M A R T U P D A T E S 21,400+ 120 DATA POINTS FROM COUNTRIES SYNTHETIC SEDATIVE 74 OPIOIDS HYPNOTICS REPORTED MIRRORING TO UNODC SYNTHETIC E A R L Y OPIOID TRENDS W A R N I N G A D V I S O R Y B Y 2019 131% IN THE LAST * * 3 Y E A R S Note: * 2019 data collection not finalized LIST OF SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS REPORTED TO THE UNODC EWA FROM 2009-2019 S C H E D U L E D 2-Fluorofentanyl Furanylfentanyl 4-Fluorobutyrfentanyl Methoxyacetylfentanyl 4-Fluoroisobutyrfentanyl MT-45 S C H E D U L E I Acrylfentanyl Ocfentanil ( 1 9 6 1 ) AH-7921 Tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl Butyrfentanyl U-47700 S C H E D U L E I & I V Cyclopropylfentanyl
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish National Threat Assessment on Fentanyl Analogues and Other Synthetic Opioids
    Swedish National Threat Assessment on fentanyl analogues and other synthetic opioids National Operations Department Contents Contents Summary ........................................................................................4 Recommendations ................................................................... 36 Definitions .....................................................................................6 Amendment to the Postal Act concerning the obligation of secrecy ........................................................ 36 Introduction ..................................................................................7 New sections of law ................................................................ 36 Aim ...............................................................................................8 Revision/relaxation of the Swedish Public Access Delimitations................................................................................8 to Information and Secrecy Act, providing the History ............................................................................................9 police with increased possibilities to disclose information to the Social Services concerning Current legislation ................................................................... 10 suspected users ........................................................................ 37 Legal status ................................................................................ 11 Needs ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Rapid, Sensitive Methods for the Detection of Potent Synthetic Opiates
    Polarising Poison – Synthesis, characterization and development of rapid, sensitive methods for the detection of potent synthetic opiates. NICOLAS GILBERT PhD 2020 Polarising Poison – Synthesis, characterization and development of rapid, sensitive methods for the detection of potent synthetic opiates. NICOLAS GILBERT A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Manchester Metropolitan University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first wish to thank Dr. Oliver Sutcliffe for his supervision, his constant support and his guidance throughout this project. Dr. Ryan Mewis has been equally important in the realisation of this thesis, through his invaluable advice and continued involvement. Both of them contributed to make this doctorate a successful experience and made me a better researcher. I also want to thank the other members of the Sucliffe group, especially Matt and Lysbeth, who have been great colleagues, teachers and friends. Thanks also to the other Ph.D. students met at MMU, but especially Jade, Mike, Olly, Antoine, Isabella and Matthieu, who made these three years enjoyable. Their friendship and understanding were, at times, all I needed to keep going. Je veux aussi remercier mes parents, ma sœur, et toute ma famille, de m’avoir supporté depuis tout petit à poursuivre mon éducation. Dans tout ce que je fais, vous êtes au creux de moi. Thanks to Chris for putting up with me for three years now, and hopefully more. Finally, I must thank the Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Nature et Technologies and the National Research Council of Canada for their doctorate funding, without which none of this would have been possible.
    [Show full text]