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Title Destructive Effects of the Estuary Dam on the Nagara River's Destructive Effects of the Estuary Dam on the Nagara River's Title Environment, and the Program for its Regeneration Author(s) 粕谷, 志郎; 村瀬, 惣一; 青山, 己織 Citation [岐阜大学地域科学部研究報告] no.[20] p.[1]-[22] Issue Date 2007-02-28 Rights 岐阜大学地域科学部 (Faculty of Regional Studies, Gifu Version University) / リバーポリシーネットワーク(NPO) (River Policy Network(NPO)) URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/15555 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。 BulletinoftheFaculyofRegionalStudies,GifuUniversityVol.20:1-22.(2007) DestructiveE恥ctsoftheEstuaryI)amontheNagaraRiver,s Environment,andtheProgram払ritsRegeneration ShiroKasuya,SohichiMuraseandMioriAoyama GifuUniversity,Defunctperson,RiverPolicyNetwork(NPO) (Received:November27,2006) Abstract TheplanOftheNagaraRiverestuarydamwasissuedin1960･Thepurposewasasupplyofthefresh watertoIseBayindustrialarea･Thoughitwastheplanforsupportlngtheeconomicgrowth･aWater demanddrasticallydidnotexpandafterwards,andtheoppositionmovementmainlyonthefisheryparty wasalsointensified･Afterthe一一Anpachifl00ddamage叩in1976,however,thefloodcontroIpurposeof thedamwasemphasized･Theriverbottommustbedredgedinordertorunthefloodsafely･Thesalt waterwillgoup,Whenitwillbesodone,andtheagrlCulturesaltdamagewillbecaused･Estuarydam, whichstopsthis,Callsitthenecessity･Theoppositionmovementonceceases,anditbeganconstruction in1988.It was almost simultaneous,and the new opposition movement mainly on environmental problembecamepopular･However,theoperationwasstartedin1995,Whilethefearoftheadverse effecttotheenvironmentdoesnotfadeaway. Afterwards,thesludgepilesupintheriverbed,benthosessuchastheclamsdisappearalmost,and algaebreedinlargequantities･Sharpdecreasesintheareaofreed,andincatchofsweeげishand satsukimasu salmon are being clarified･Whether suchlarge facilities and high controIcost are necessaryforonlytheinhibitingofupstreammovementofbrine,andwhetherthedestructionofthe environmentpermittedforonlysuchapurpose,Shouldbeconsidered･ Firstlyitisnecessarytorecoverthedestroyedenvironment･Furthermore,Weneedanewmanagement ofthecatchmentareathatextendstotheseafromthemountain,inwhichpeopledon,tdependonlyon dam and embankment･Excluding the myth without the dyke break,it should changein the countermeasuretothefl00dinganddykebreak･ 1.NatiomalamdreglOnalbackgroロnd. NationalComprehensiveDevelopmentPlan,and thenin1987bythe4thNationalComprehensive 1-1. Historicalbackground. DevelopmentPlan.ThroughtheseplansJapan Postwar Japan passed the Comprehensiv accomplished the so-Called'advanced economic NationalLandDevelopmentLaw(1950)andthe growth,,Whichhasattractedworldwideattention･ Comprehensive NationalDevelopment Plan Againstthisbackgroundoneissuebecamemore (1962)in order to speed up the process of and more slgnificant:the maintenance of an recovery･Thiswasfollowed,in1977,bythe3rd industrialwatersupplyfbrtheIseBayCoastarea･ At the same time,however,SOCiety's attention Corresponding author‥ Shiro Kasuya;Tel& Fax WaS being drawn to the phenomenon of +8ト58-293-3073,e-mail:kasuyas@gifu-u･aC･Jp `YokkaichiAsthma',CauSed by thepollutionof 2 ShiroKasuya,SohichiMul･aseandMioriAoyama theairintheareaduetothedepletionofnature hlture. and the destruction of the environment.From 1965,Certainproblems,namely,thepollutionof 1-3･ NagaraRiverBasin(Fig.1). air and water,Started to be consideredin work 1-3-l･OverviewandtheHistoryoftheNagara SuCh as theIndustrial Pollution Preliminary River. Survey. TheNagaraRiver,alongwiththeKushiroRiver (inHokkaido),isknownasoneofthelast`1impid l-2･ PrqjectHistory. rivers',and had no dam at any point･The The Nagara River Estuary Dam prqiect was Nagara River hasits source on the mountain COnCeivedin1960,then decided to buildin a Dainichidake(altitude1709m),inTakasuVillage Cabinetmeetlngat1968･DespltemanyOppOSition intheGujoDistrictofCentralHonshu.Itisa movements,COnStruCtionbeganin1988,andthe Class A river,With a main watercourse which dam started operatinginJuly of1995after35 extends166km,and a drainage area which years of expense･The purpose ofthe estuary extends to around2000square kilometers.It dam was orlglnally that of water use.It was flowsintothePacificOceanattheIseBay･The intendedthatthedamwouldsupplyfreshwaterto upperpartoftheriverflowsfromthe sourceto theIseBayCombine(PowerStation),Whichwas Hachiman Town(altitude210m),aPprOXimately also planned during the advanced economic 30km･From Hachiman Tbwn to Mino City growth era･This growth slowed final1y as a (altitude approximately 80m)the river runs resultoftheoilcrises,andthedemandforwater through a valley for around35km,although began to drop slgnificantly.Desplte this,the COrrOSiontothebanks,duetotherecurrlngStrata governmentdraftedexcessivelylargefbrecastsfbr Ofhardchartlayersandsoftshalelayers,anda Waterdemand･IntheKisoRiverWaterSystem Sandstone bed,in an areaofnarrow width,has Resources Development Master Plan(thefu11 meantthatarowofplainsnowstretchalongthis Plan),theprediction was madethatin1985the area･AstheriverentersMinoCity,itjoinswith additionalwater demand would belO8t/sec,aS thebiggestofitstributaries,theItadoriRiver,tO OPPOSedto70usecin1973.Thispredictionwas formtheChunoBasin･NorthEastofSekiCity, Criticizedashavingnobasisinreality,andbeing the southerly flow bends westwards,and heads merely a bureaucratic exercise.In actualfact, into Gifu City,deepln the NohbiPlain.It resultsfrom1985to1995showedonly aslight reverts toasoutherly directionatHozumiTbwn Change,uPtO,butstayinglessthan80usec.The in Motosu District,and headsforIse Bay･In nextplanin1993,Whichwasreleasedinevitably, thisstretchitjoinswiththeqira,ArataandSakai reflected a decreasein the predicted water Rvers,andwastewaterfrom Gifu Cityandthe demand,ShowlngaPredictedadditionaldemand SurrOundingareasisaddedwhentheseriversJOln･ Ofonly44usecfortheyear2000.Theadditiona1 Thereisnodeepval1eyatanypoint,anddueto 22.5t/sec,Whichhadbeenplannedasthecontents geomorphologic factors such as the continued Oftheestuarydam,hadbeenproventobetotally existence ofhomes andfarmsin the area,any unnecessaryinthefaceofawaterdemand,Which plansfordamsontheriverhadbeenrqectedfor WaSalmostatastandstill･Infact,nOtOnlythe manyyears.Asaresult,thenaturalenvironment Nagara River Estuary Dam but also the WaS preServed to anextent,Whichisunusualin Tokuyama DaminIbiRiver,Which has been rivers,Which flow throughurban areas.Even COmpletedandfl00ded,WaS nOW unneCeSSary･ today,GifuCityboastsararity:ariverbathing Thereiscurrentlynopossibilitythateithersocial areain the very center ofthe town.Fish of OreCOnOmicconditionswillchangesufficientlyto many sorts are plentiful;there have been126 requlre anincreased water supplyin the near SPeCies,includingseafisheslivinglnrivermouth, 3 DestructiveE鮎ctsoftheEstuaryDamontheNagaraRiver'sEnvironment, andtheProgramforitsRegeneration l-3-2･TheGeographyoftheNagaraRiverBasin recordedintheriversofar,Whichbeatsthe120 from source speciesrecorded atthe ShimantORiver,in the The stretch the river's at Shikokuarea.Intestscarriedoutunderidentical DainichidaketoaroundShiratoriismadeupfrom fromthe Tertiary to conditionsbytheEnvironmentAgencyin1985, VOIcanic rocks Quaternary NagaraRivercame3rd,With62species,beaten eras,While the area from Shiratorion to the onlyby Shinano Riverandthe ChikugoRiver, regionupstreamofGifucitycomprisesgeological bothofwhichrecorded63species.Plantlifein layers from the Paleozoic coalage to the theareaisalsoplentiful,With168speciesin44 MesozoicJurassic age.In places theselayers Mesozoic deposits classesbeingrecorded,includingtheMbnochoria COntainlate granite and korsakowiiandPend10rumChinese,bothofwhich Mesozoicquartztrachyte･AroundSekiCityand are mentionedin the Red Data Book as ClosetoGifuCitythebasinbecomesdiluvial,and becomes al1uvial. The `endangered species,･In thelower reglOnS Of further downstreamit theriver,therearemarshesandreedfields,Which distribution from anCient geologicallayers to supportmanySOrtSOfbirdlife･Therehavebeen moremodernlayersisaparticularfeatureofthe 133speciesofbirdrecordedatpresent･There area(2). areadditional1yllspecies(from8families)of mamma11ivinginthearea(1)･ ト3-3Hydrographiccharts TheareashowncontainstheNagaraRiver Fig.1.NagaraRi▼打a代a 4 ShiroKasuya,SohichiMuraseandMioriAoyama SyStem,theIbiRiver system,the YahagiRiver Pαmあe〃ZO如か～わあ〟椚,C′eめrαあαrあf乃erVムー,and ShonalgaWaRiversystem,allof SyStemandthe Witch hazel. The conifers mentioned above Which flowinto the Pacific Ocean,and the preferrockypeaksandsteeplylnCliningsummit Kuzuryu River system,the Shou River system Slopes,Whilehorsechestnut,Wlngnut,Oakmaple, andtheJintsuRiversystem,allofwhichflowinto and E岬telea po&andra,along with other theJapanSea. broadleaftrees,Predominateclosertotheva11eys･ Thesehillsidesdisplayvegetationthatistypical ト3-4Vegetationinthe鮎verBasinArea neitherofbeechnoroakforests,butmoreinline According to a survey by the Construction Withmid-rangetemperateforests. Ministry,thevegetationoftheNagara砧verbasin is made up as follows.The river source area, Tothesouthernmostendofthemountainousarea, arOundtheMt･Kuraidivide,COmPrlSeSSubalpine aqioining the Nohbiplain,the hi11sides of the Vegetation,While much of the river basin Val1eys and mountain slopes contain chestnut, downstreamofOwashi,TakasuVi11age(altitude Quercusserrata,pepperbush,Quercusacutissima, 750m),COmprisestemperatewhiteoakforest.It e〟e化〟∫ 用γr∫血αゆ肋,CJeγem カ甲0乃わα, COnSistsofverticaldistributionofthevegetation CbmelliaJqPOnica,aS Wellas other broadleaf Oftheland,Whichislowerthanthebeechbandin trees,amOng a Predominantly red pine fbrest. the mountain slope･Hiba arborvitae,Japanese Allthetreesherearesecondaryforestvarieties, Whitepines,AbiesPrma,Sciadqpitysverticilhzta, andthepredominanceofredpineforestinthis
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