Towards Ecologically Functional Riparian Zones a Meta
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Riparian Buffer Restoration
Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual Chapter 6 BMP 6.7.1: Riparian Buffer Restoration A riparian buffer is a permanent area of trees and shrubs located adjacent to streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. Riparian forests are the most beneficial type of buffer for they provide ecological and water quality benefits. Restoration of this ecologically sensitive habitat is a responsive action to past activities that may have eliminated any vegetation. Key Design Elements Potential Applications Residential: Yes Commercial: Yes Ultra Urban: Yes Industrial: Yes Retrofit: Yes Highway/Road: Limited · Reestablish buffer areas along perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral streams · Plant native, diverse tree and shrub vegetation Stormwater Functions · Buffer width is dependant on project preferred function (water quality, habitat creation, etc.) · Minimum recommended buffer width is 35’ from top of stream Volume Reduction: Medium bank, with 100’ preferred. Recharge: Medium · Create a short-term maintenance and long-term maintenance Peak Rate Control: Low/Med. plan Water Quality: Med./High · Mature forest as a vegetative target · Clear, well-marked boundary Water Quality Functions TSS: 65% TP: 50% NO3: 50% 363-0300-002 / December 30, 2006 Page 191 of 257 Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual Chapter 6 Description The USDA Forest Service estimates that over one-third of the rivers and streams in Pennsylvania have had their riparian areas degraded or altered. This fact is sobering when one considers the important stormwater functions that riparian buffers provide. The non-structural BMP, Riparian Forest Buffer Protection, addresses the importance of protecting the three-zone system of existing riparian buffers. The values of riparian buffers – economic, environmental, recreational, aesthetic, etc. -
2019 Data Report for Oneida Lake, Livingston County
Michigan Lakes– Ours to Protect 2019 Data Report for Oneida Lake, Livingston County Site ID: 470573 42.4676°N, 83.8488°W The CLMP is brought to you by: 1 About this report: This report is a summary of the data that have been collected through the Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program. The contents have been customized for your lake. The first page is a summary of the Trophic Status Indicators of your lake (Secchi Disk Transparency, Chlorophyll-a, Spring Total Phosphorus, and Summer Total Phosphorus). Where data are available, they have been summarized for the most recent field season, five years prior to the most recent field season, and since the first year your lake has been enrolled in the program. If you did not take 8 or more Secchi disk measurements or 4 or more chlorophyll measurements, there will not be summary data calculated for these parameters. These numbers of measurements are required to ensure that the results are indicative of overall summer conditions. If you enrolled in Dissolved Oxygen/Temperature, the summary page will have a graph of one of the profiles taken during the late summer (typically August or September). If your lake stratifies, we will use a graph showing the earliest time of stratification, because identifying the timing of this condition and the depth at which it occurs is typically the most important use of dissolved oxygen measurements. The back of the summary page will be an explanation of the Trophic Status Index and where your lake fits on that scale. The rest of the report will be aquatic plant summaries, Score the Shore results, and larger graphs, including all Dissolved Oxygen/Temperature Profiles that you recorded. -
Current Insights Into the Effectiveness of Riparian Management, Attainment of Multiple Benefits, and Potential Technical Enhancements
Published March 8, 2019 Journal of Environmental Quality SPECIAL SECTION RIPARIAN BUFFER MANAGEMENT Current Insights into the Effectiveness of Riparian Management, Attainment of Multiple Benefits, and Potential Technical Enhancements Marc Stutter,* Brian Kronvang, Daire Ó hUallacháin, and Joachim Rozemeijer iparian buffers have been one of the most widely Abstract used management options worldwide when dealing Buffer strips between land and waters are widely applied with protection of surface waters from agricultural dif- measures in diffuse pollution management, with desired Rfuse pollution. Appropriately managed riparian areas offer mul- outcomes across other factors. There remains a need for tiple functions related to improving water quality, biodiversity, evidence of pollution mitigation and wider habitat and societal benefits across scales. This paper synthesizes a collection of 16 and climate adaptation. First, riparian areas offer possibilities new primary studies and review papers to provide the latest for protecting watercourses and lakes from inputs of sediments, insights into riparian management. We focus on the following nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants by intercepting areas: (i) diffuse pollution removal efficiency of conventional surface runoff, tile drainage, and groundwater from adjoining and saturated buffer strips, (ii) enhancing biodiversity of buffers, agricultural fields. Second, riparian areas also offer unique bio- (iii) edge-of-field technologies for improving nutrient retention, and (iv) potential reuse of nutrients and biomass from buffers. diversity (in turn affecting in-field and in-stream biodiversity) Although some topics represent emerging areas, for other including structurally complex layers of vegetation, making well-studied topics (e.g., diffuse pollution), it remains that them attractive to many wildlife species (Naiman et al., 1993). -
Assessment of Land Use Change and Riparian Zone Status in the Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor Watershed: 1995-2002-2006
Assessment of Land Use Change and Riparian Zone Status in the Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor Watershed: 1995-2002-2006 Intact forested riparian zone along the upper reaches of the Forked River. Richard G. Lathrop¹ Scott M. Haag² October 2007 ¹Grant F. Walton Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis ²Institute of Marine and Coastal Science School of Environmental & Biological Sciences-Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08901 1 Assessment of Land Use Change and Riparian Zone Status in the Barnegat Bay and Little Egg Harbor Watershed: 1995-2002-2006 Executive Summary The Barnegat Bay/Little Egg Harbor (BB/LEH) estuary is suffering from eutrophication issues due to nutrient, most importantly nitrogen, loading from both atmospheric as well as watershed sources (Kennish et al, 2007). Urban and agricultural land uses can be an important source of nitrogen loading. As part of our ongoing monitoring efforts, the Grant F. Walton Center for Remote Sensing & Spatial Analysis, with funding provided by the Barnegat Bay National Estuary Program, undertook to map and assess recent land use change in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor watershed. Our updated mapping reveals that urban land use increased from approximately 25% in 1995 to approximately 30% of the BB/LEH watershed in 2006. Including all altered land uses (i.e., agriculture and barren lands) puts the percentage of altered land in the BB-LEH watershed at over 33% in 2006. The BB/LEH estuary system is continuing to experience a significant conversion of forested and wetland habitats to urban land cover and thereby exacerbating nutrient loading to the BB-LEH estuary. -
Riparian Buffers for Agricultural Land Mike Dosskey, National Agroforestry Center; Dick Schultz and Tom Isenhart, Iowa State University, Department of Forestry
Riparian—2 Agroforestry Notes USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Station • USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service January, 1997 Riparian Buffers for Agricultural Land Mike Dosskey, National Agroforestry Center; Dick Schultz and Tom Isenhart, Iowa State University, Department of Forestry Purpose • Define what a riparian buffer is • Describe what benefits a riparian buffer can provide in an agricultural landscape • Identify situations where installing a riparian buffer should be considered Definition A riparian buffer is land next to streams, lakes, and wetlands that is managed for perennial vegetation (grass, shrubs, and/or trees) to enhance and protect aquatic resources from adverse impacts of agricultural practices. Benefits for • Stabilize eroding banks Aquatic Problem: Eroding and collapsing banks can remove valuable agricultural land, Resources particularly if unchecked for many years. Soil from bank erosion becomes sediment in the waterway which damages aquatic habitat; degrades drinking water quality; and fills wetlands, lakes, and reservoirs. Benefit from a buffer: Plant stems absorb the erosive force of flowing water and wave action, while roots hold soil in place. Effectiveness: Potentially good on small streams and lakes; poor or ineffective on large unstable streams where bank erosion is severe and rapid. Figure 1 — Benefits that a riparian buffer can provide. National Agroforestry Center 1 • Filter sediment from agricultural land runoff Problem: Sediment in the waterway damages aquatic habitat; degrades drinking water quality; and fills wetlands, lakes, and reservoirs. Benefit from a buffer: Plant stems slow and disperse flow of surface runoff, and promote settling of sediment. Roots stabilize the trapped sediment and hold riparian soil in place. Effectiveness: Potentially good, especially for filtering larger-sized sediment such as sand, soil aggregates, and crop residue. -
BLM Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study: Establishment Report and Study Plan
BLM Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study: Establishment Report and Study Plan Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5087 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photo of Southern Torrent Salamander by William P. Leonard. BLM Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study: Establishment Report and Study Plan By John Cissel, Paul Anderson, Deanna Olson, Klaus Puettmann, Shanti Berryman, Samuel Chan, and Charley Thompson In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and the Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research Program Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5087 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk A. Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Cissel, J.H., Anderson, P.D., Olson, Deanna, Puettmann, Klaus, Berryman, Shanti, Chan, Samuel, and Thompson, Charley, 2006, BLM Density management and riparian buffer study: Establishment report and study plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5087, 144 p. -
The Buffer Capacity of Riparian Vegetation to Control Water Quality
water Article The Buffer Capacity of Riparian Vegetation to Control Water Quality in Anthropogenic Catchments from a Legally Protected Area: A Critical View over the Brazilian New Forest Code Carlos Alberto Valera 1,2,3, Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra 2,3 , Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho 2,3 , Renato Farias do Valle Júnior 3,4, Caroline Fávaro Oliveira 3,4, João Paulo Moura 5 , Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes 3,5 and Fernando António Leal Pacheco 3,6,* 1 Coordenadoria Regional das Promotorias de Justiça do Meio Ambiente das Bacias dos Rios Paranaíba e Baixo Rio Grande, Rua Coronel Antônio Rios, 951, Uberaba MG 38061-150, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal SP 14884-900, Brazil; [email protected] (T.C.T.P.); marcilio.martins-fi[email protected] (M.V.M.F.) 3 POLUS—Grupo de Política de Uso do Solo, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal SP 14884-900, Brazil; [email protected] (R.F.d.V.J.); [email protected] (C.F.O.); lfi[email protected] (L.F.S.F.) 4 Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Uberaba, Laboratório de Geoprocessamento, Uberaba MG 38064-790, Brazil 5 Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; [email protected] 6 Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-351-917519833 Received: 10 February 2019; Accepted: 12 March 2019; Published: 16 March 2019 Abstract: The riparian buffer width on watersheds has been modified over the last decades. -
Riparian Buffer Protection Rules
Uncertain if a water body may be Warren Neuse and Tar-Pamlico Person Granville subject to these rules? Vance Halifax River Basins Franklin Orange Durham Please contact N.C. Division of Water Quality Nash staff for an on-site determination. Edgecombe Washington Dare Wake Martin Tyrrell Pitt Wilson Beaufort Hyde • Raleigh Regional Office Johnson Greene 3800 Barrett Dr., Suite 101 Wayne Raleigh, N.C. 27609 Craven Lenoir (919) 791-4200 Pamlico Jones • Washington Regional Office Tar-Pamlico River Basin Carteret 943 Washington Square Mall Neuse River Basin Onslow Washington, N.C. 27889 North Carolina’s (252) 946-6481 • Wilmington Regional Office Riparian Buffer 127 Cardinal Dr. Extension Wilmington, N.C. 28405-2845 Protection Rules What is a riparian buffer? (910) 796-7215 • Central Office Neuse River Basin A riparian buffer is a strip of forested 2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 250 or vegetated land bordering a body Raleigh, N.C. 27604 Tar-Pamlico River Basin (919) 733-1786 of water. Riparian buffers have The vegetation and root systems in a many benefits: Riparian Buffer Rules and Applications are riparian buffer stabilize the stream- available online: http://portal.ncdenr.org/ bank, preventing soil from eroding web/wq/swp/ws/401/riparianbuffers. into the water. • Filtering stormwater runoff. Riparian buffers also act as a filter to • Providing flood control. remove pollutants. • Stabilizing streambanks. • Protecting property. Preserving riparian buffers is critical • Adding scenic value to communities. Know the basics of to protecting our water resources. • Absorbing excess nutrients. • Preventing erosion. riparian buffer rules in the • Providing fish and wildlife habitat. Neuse and Tar-Pamlico river basins. -
Riparian Buffers Modification & Mitigation Guidance Manual
RIPARIAN BUFFERS MODIFICATION & MITIGATION GUIDANCE MANUAL VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASSISTANCE RIPARIAN BUFFERS MODIFICATION & MITIGATION GUIDANCE MANUAL VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASSISTANCE September 2003 - Reprinted 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparartion of this handbook was made possible through a grant from the Virginia Department of Forestry. It was funded by the U. S. Forest Service, Chesapeake Bay Program, Forestry Workgroup, under the authority of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 2101-2114 Section 5 and the Department of Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations, 2001, H.R. 4578 as implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publication was originally written and produced by the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department. This reprint was produced by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. (The Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department was merged into the Department of Conservation and Recreation July 1, 2004.) Principal Authors: Alice R. T. Baird and Douglas G. Wetmore The authors would like to acknowledge CBLAD staff, the following committee members for all their hard work, suggestions and comments and to the numerous others who helped with editing: Buffer Issues/Local Government Committee: Christine Breddy, Henrico County Clay Bernick, Virginia Beach Darryl Cook, James City County Jack Green, King George County Joan Salvati, Chesterfield County Sandy Manter, Accomack County Trent Funkhouser, Westmoreland County John Friedman, Fairfax County Louise Finger, Virginia Department of Forestry Technical Committee: CBLAB Policy Committee: William Reay, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences Donald W. Davis Theo Dillaha, Virginia Tech Colin D. -
Riparian Systems
Riparian Systems January 2007 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management Leaflet Number 45 Introduction Riparian areas are transitional zones between terres- trial and aquatic systems exhibiting characteristics of both systems. They perform vital ecological functions linking terrestrial and aquatic systems within water- sheds. These functions include protecting aquatic eco- systems by removing sediments from surface runoff, decreasing flooding, maintaining appropriate water conditions for aquatic life, and providing organic ma- terial vital for productivity and structure of aquatic ecosystems. They also provide excellent wildlife hab- itat, offering not only a water source, but food and shelter, as well. NRCS Soils in riparian areas differ from soils in upland areas because they are formed from sediments with differ- ent textures and subjected to fluctuating water levels and degrees of wetness. These sediments are rich in nutrients and organic matter which allow the soils to retain large amounts of moisture, affecting the growth and diversity of the plant communities. Riparian areas typically are vegetated with lush growths of grasses, forbs, shrubs, and trees that are tolerant of periodic flooding. In some regions (Great Plains), however, trees may not be part of the his- toric riparian community. Areas with saline soils or U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service heavy, nearly-anaerobic soils (wet meadow environ- ments and high elevations) also are dominated by her- baceous vegetation. In intermittent waterways, the ri- parian area may be confined to the stream channel. Threats to riparian areas have come from many sourc- es. Riparian forests and bottomlands are fertile and valued farmland and rangeland, as well as prime wa- ter-front property desired by developers. -
A Review of the Scientific Literature on Riparian Buffer Width, Extent and Vegetation
AREVIEWOFTHESCIENTIFICLITERATURE ONRIPARIANBUFFER WIDTH,EXTENTANDVEGETATION SethWenger forthe OfficeofPublicService&Outreach InstituteofEcology UniversityofGeorgia RevisedVersion•March5,1999 InstituteofEcology,UniversityofGeorgia,Athens,Georgia,30602-2202 [email protected] 1 TheOfficeofPublicServiceandOutreachatthe InstituteofEcologyprovidesscientificandlegalex- pertisetothecitizensofGeorgiainthedevelopment ofpoliciesandpracticestoprotectournaturalheri- tage.Thegoalsoftheofficeareto: • Developandimplementaresearchagendatomeet communityneeds; • Provideanopportunityforstudents,facultyand stafftoworkwithotherdisciplinesinintegrated environmentaldecisionmakingandproblem- solvingtoimprovetheirabilitytounderstand, communicatewith,andinfluenceother disciplines; • Buildcapacityforservicelearninginthesciences byprovidingstudentsanopportunitytoapply skillslearnedinthetraditionalclassroomsetting topressingcommunityconcernsandproblems; • SupporthighqualityscienceeducationinK-12 schoolsbyprovidingprogramsforstudentsand instructionalsupportandtrainingforteachers; • Increaseawarenessoftheimportanceof addressingenvironmentalissuesproactively withintheuniversitycommunityandthegreater community. Thepublicationofthispaperwasmadepossible bysupportfromtheTurnerFoundation,R.E.M./ Athens,L.L.C.,andtheUniversityofGeorgiaOffice oftheVicePresidentforPublicServiceandOutreach. FormoreinformationabouttheOfficeofPublic ServiceandOutreachattheInstituteofEcology,please contactLaurieFowlerat706-542-3948. 2 EXECUTIVESUMMARY ManylocalgovernmentsinGeorgiaare -
Maine and the National Lakes Assessment: Where Does Maine Stand ??
Maine and the National Lakes Assessment: Where Does Maine Stand ?? With Appgologies to Neil Kamman Basic Components of Surveys *Randomized design to report on – Biological and habitat condition – Recreational condition – Trophic state *1,028 lakes sampled + 124 reference lakes *Standard protocols *Nati onall y consiitsten t and reggyionally relevant analyses Lake Conditions Assessed by Region The NLA represents: • 49,560 “lakes” • 59% natural origin • 41% constructed • 80% < 125 acres in size • 32 of 1028 Lakes were in Maine Maine Lake Sizes 3000 87% <= 125 acres 2500 58% <= 10 acres 12 2000 ber 1500 Num 1000 500 0 <1 1-10 10-100 100-500 500-1000 >1000 Acres 4 National Lakes Assessment: • Biology • Habitat Quality • Ecological integrity • Disturbance and integrity • Trophic State • Chemical stressors • Enrichment • NtiNutrien ts, AidAcid an d DO • Recreational Use • Cyanotoxins • Change over time • Sediments and nutrients National Lakes Assessment: Sampling Approach Condition of the Nation’s Lakes: Habitat • 55 individual habitat attributes captured at each site (550/lake). • MtiMetrics reddduced to four idiindices of hbitthabitat quality: – Human Disturbance on Lakeshores – Ripar ian Zone IiIntegrity – Littoral Zone Integrity – Complexity of Riparian/l/Littoral Interface • Disturbance index scores assessed against nationally consitisten t thres ho lds • Riparian/littoral indices assessed against regionally‐explicit reference conditions (corrects for expected regional differences) Extent of Stressors and Resulting Risk: What Impacts Biological