572 NEW BOOKS. of very varied reading. Beneath the profusion of philosophical and poetical quotations there is a distinctive vein of thought. The ideas with which the author is preoccupied are, as before, the notion of the possibility of attaining, logically as well as mystically, a knowledge of absolute Being, and at the same time the conviction that distinctions of personality are of permanent significance. The reconciliation is found in the idea thus expressed : " It is wholeness of Being through union with its counterpartal send for which each human spirit, even though it may be unconsciously, yearns. This is the lesson of reflective reason ". The Colours of Animals, their Meaning and Use, especially considered in the

case of Insects. By EDWARD BAGNALI, POULTON, M.A., F.B.S., Mimicry, and the related facts, by the accepted principles of Natural Selection. In this part, it may be noted, as a point of psycho- logical interest, that insect-eating animals (such as lizards) are found to " learn by experience ". The most controversial chapters of the book— and, at the same time, those that come most within the province of the psychologist—are chaps, xv. and xvi. (" Colours Produced by Courtship," " Other Theories of Sexual Colouring"). Here Mr. Poulton appears as a very strong supporter of Darwin's view as to the existence, among higher animals, of Sexual Selection, or " female preference based on (esthetic at University of Arizona on July 12, 2015 considerations ". This last point, it may be noted, is really the contro- verted point. Mr. Wallace, for example, admits a kind of "sexual selection," but a selection of the male for his greater "activity," or " surplus vitality," or some such non-aesthetic reason; beauty in animals (and plants) being, frequently at any rate, a result simply of organic laws of growth. Thus, without the admission of aesthetically determined Bexual selection, it would be quite possible to accept Mr. Poulton's view that " the tendency towards the development of higher forms of beauty is rigorously kept in check by natural selection. Remove the check or render it less exacting, and the tendency at once manifests itself." The decisive question is, whether there are sufficient positive grounds for supposing a strictly aesthetic selection. Some of Mr. Poulton's argu- ments rest on a rather unquestioning anthropomorphism; as, for example, when he speaks of " an insect's sense of what is beautiful," or when he contends that " our standards of beauty have been largely created for us by insects" ; though, of course, we may find in the end that this is the only possible way of putting it. Is there any method by which it can be shown experimentally that, in some particular instances, the cause of the sexual selection that must be admitted to take place can be nothing short of sesthetic preference ? Gounstls and Maxims: being the Second Part of ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER'S Aphorismm zur Lebenswrislin't. Translated by T. BAILEY SAUNDERS, M.A. London : Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1890. Pp. 162. For convenience of publication, Mr. Saunders has divided his transla- NEW BOOKS. 573 tion of Schopenhauer's Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit into two parts. The first part, entitled The Wisdom of Life, was noted in MIND, NO. 59, p. 421. In the present volume, with its new title, a new series of chapters has been begun, "for the sake of appearances," though there is no such division in the original. The merits of the translation are sustained to the end. On Sameness and Identity. A Psychological Study : Being a contribu- tion to the foundations of a Theory of Knowledge. By GEORGE STUART FULLERTON. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Pp. 156. Downloaded from Prof. Fullerton has once before set himself the task of clearing up a difficult fundamental conception of philosophy (see MIND xii. 468). The problem of infinity, dealt with in his former essay, reappears at the end of the present monograph ; the question dealt with in the penultimate section being that of infinite divisibility, which is solved in accordance with Berkeleyan principles. Realism (in its modern sense) is discussed in the section immediately preceding, and is dismissed as involving con- fusions of different meanings of the word " sameness ". As may be seen http://mind.oxfordjournals.org/ from the nature of these final disquisitions, the metaphysical bearings of the abstract discriminations between senses of the term are not for- gotten. The discriminations themselves are very careful; seven senses of the word " sameness " being distinguished. Following upon the de- finitions of these senses, there are sections containing the application of them to "self" and "not-self," whether regarded as phenomenal or noiimenal. Part i. (pp. 5-66), containing the abstract discussion of "The Kinds of Sameness, is followed by an " Historical and Critical" part ii. (pp. 67-153), dealing with the senses of the term as employed in philo- sophical arguments from Heraclitus to the present time. The author

does not propose any rigid limitation of the term " sameness " in philo- at University of Arizona on July 12, 2015 sophy to one particular sense. " The word," he would rather conclude, " has many meanings, and we can hardly say that any one of them is illegitimate. It is merely illegitimate to confound them." " Identity " he looks upon as a kind of limiting conception. The common notion which unites all the kinds of sameness is the notion of similarity. When the dissimilar elements have diminished to zero, then there is "identity". The word is somewhat loosely used, but it may be stated generally that " men use the word identity to mark certain kinds of same- ness in which there is little or no consciousness of duality, and they are not inclined to use it to mark sameness in which things are recognised as similar but clearly distinct ". The discussion of the sameness of the formal elements in consciousness (sec. 17) may be specially noted. The result is that if two successive occurrences of a material element—say, a colour-sensation—are only similar and not numerically the same, this is also the case with two successive occurrences of a formal element—say, " the consciousness of triangularity ". " To say that the formal element is not a thing, but an activity, does not alter the position. If an activity is enough of a thing to be talked about and distinguished from other things, we may surely recognise an activity in consciousness yesterday as numerically different from an activity in consciousness to-day." [The author desires that the words " be recognised as resembling " be substi- tuted for " resemble " on p. 12, line 13, and p. 49, line 30 ; and " second " for " fourth " on p. 68, line 24.]

Etude 8ur Franfois Bacon suivie dn Rapport a l'Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques sur le Concours ouvert pour le Prix Bordin. If you are seeing this page please update your browser so you can use frames. There are a number of different theories regarding the origins of domestic sheep. However, most sources agree that they originated from mouflon. Sheep were among the first animals domesticated. An archeological site in Iran produced a statuette of a wooled sheep which suggests that selection for woolly sheep had begun to occur over 6000 years ago. The common features of today's sheep were already appearing in Mesopotamian and Babylonian art and books by 3000 B.C. Another indication of the early domestication is the fact that they are the only species of livestock unable to return to a feral or wild state. By edward bagnall poulton. (International Scientific Series, Vol. LXVII.) By edward bagnall poulton. (International Scientific Series, Vol. > thecolours of animal!their meaning and use•especially considered in the case of INSECTSBY38231EDWARD bagnall poulton, M.a., f.r.s.etc.with CII romo lithographic frontispiece and sixty-six figures in textrtft- (a - 1 5LONDON,kegan paul, trench, trubner, & co. ltd,1890. 0.25x 0.5x 0.75x 1.0x 1.25x 1.5x 1.75x 2x. Page (5 of 388). Flip left. Flip right. The Colours of Animals their Meaning and Use; especially considered in the Case of Insects. by. Poulton, Edward Bagnall. Publication date. 1890. The Colours of Animals, Their Meaning and Use, Especially Considered in the Case of Insects (Classic Reprint) Paperback – 17 June 2012. by Edward Bagnall Poulton (Author). See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Amazon Price. New from. Used from. Hardcover. "" S$63.83. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we do not use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyses reviews to verify trustworthiness. Review this product. Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a customer review. Back to top. Chemical substances used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms. Sustainable. Causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a longer time. Extinction. A situation in which something no longer exists. Herbicides. Not using artificial chemicals in the growing of plants and animals for food and other products. Ecological. Relating to the relationshps between the air, land, water, animals, plant or the enivornment. Disposal. The act of getting rid of something, especially by throwing it away. Deforestation. The cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of them by people. This set is often saved in the same folder as City life. 12 terms.