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The Visual Lures of Spiders Exploit Insect Preferences for Flower-Like Colour and Symmetry
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/693648; this version posted July 7, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 The visual lures of spiders exploit insect preferences for 2 flower-like colour and symmetry 3 4 Thomas E. White1, 3, Darrell J. Kemp2 5 6 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2106 7 2Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia 2113. 8 3 Corresponding author. 9 10 11 E-mail: [email protected] 12 Keywords: sensory trap, orb-web spider, prey lure, colour, floral mimicry 13 Word count (excluding abstract): 3168 14 Number of figures: 3 15 Number of tables: 0 16 Supplementary information: Table S1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/693648; this version posted July 7, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 17 Abstract 18 Sensory systems capture only a fragment of available information, which creates opportunities for 19 the evolution of deceptive signalling. The sensory traps and sensory bias models have proven 20 valuable for explaining how the structure of visual systems and environments may shape the 21 evolution of sexual signal design, but their potential in deceptive contexts is largely untapped. Here 22 we use the ‘jewelled’ orb-web spider Gasteracantha fornicata to formalise and experimentally test 23 two longstanding hypotheses for the function of deceptive visual lures. -
Sureshan Mantid Fauna of Orissa 1524
NEW RECORD ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(1): 2539-2543 Order: Mantodea Family: Amorphoscelidae MANTID (INSECTA: MANTODEA) FAUNA Subfamily: Amorphoselinae 1. Amorphoscelis annulicornis Stål * OF ORISSA WITH SOME NEW RECORDS 1871. Amorphoscelis annulicornis Stål , Ofvers. K. Vetensk Akad. FOR THE STATE Forh., 28: 401. 1915. Amorphoscelis indica Giglio-Tos. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital., 46: 33. P.M. Sureshan 1, T. Samanta 2 and C. Radhakrishnan 3 1956. Amorphoscelis keiseri Beier. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel. 67: 33. 1, 2 Estuarine Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India, Material examined: 1 male; 1 female, EBS Campus, ZSI, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Orissa 761002, India Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam district, Orissa, India, 13.viii.2005, 3 Western Ghats Field Research Station, Zoological Survey of India, (Regn. No. 3937,M), 7.vii.2005 (Regn. No. 3911,F), coll. P.M. Kozhikode, Kerala 673002, India Sureshan (under light) Email: 1 [email protected] (corresponding author) Distribution: India: Assam, Bihar, Daman & Diu, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Meghalaya, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, West Mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) popularly called Praying Bengal; Sri Lanka. mantids are predatory insects, actively feeding on a variety Measurements: BL: M - 20, F - 20; FW: M - 13.5, F - 13.5; PN: of other insects, including other mantids. They play a valuable M - 2, F - 2. role in checking the numbers of some insect groups like Diagnostic characters: Body deep brownish, ventral side black. grasshoppers, moths, flies, aphids, etc., which form their major Frontal sclerite narrow, superior edge arched, sinuate on either groups of prey. Despite having rich fauna of mantids, our side. Head with large rounded tubercles. Two tubercles on knowledge on the diversity, variability and biological anterior and posterior border of pronotum, transverse and attributes of Indian mantids is far from satisfactory. -
1 It's All Geek to Me: Translating Names Of
IT’S ALL GEEK TO ME: TRANSLATING NAMES OF INSECTARIUM ARTHROPODS Prof. J. Phineas Michaelson, O.M.P. U.S. Biological and Geological Survey of the Territories Central Post Office, Denver City, Colorado Territory [or Year 2016 c/o Kallima Consultants, Inc., PO Box 33084, Northglenn, CO 80233-0084] ABSTRACT Kids today! Why don’t they know the basics of Greek and Latin? Either they don’t pay attention in class, or in many cases schools just don’t teach these classic languages of science anymore. For those who are Latin and Greek-challenged, noted (fictional) Victorian entomologist and explorer, Prof. J. Phineas Michaelson, will present English translations of the scientific names that have been given to some of the popular common arthropods available for public exhibits. This paper will explore how species get their names, as well as a brief look at some of the naturalists that named them. INTRODUCTION Our education system just isn’t what it used to be. Classic languages such as Latin and Greek are no longer a part of standard curriculum. Unfortunately, this puts modern students of science at somewhat of a disadvantage compared to our predecessors when it comes to scientific names. In the insectarium world, Latin and Greek names are used for the arthropods that we display, but for most young entomologists, these words are just a challenge to pronounce and lack meaning. Working with arthropods, we all know that Entomology is the study of these animals. Sounding similar but totally different, Etymology is the study of the origin of words, and the history of word meaning. -
Karl Jordan: a Life in Systematics
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Kristin Renee Johnson for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of SciencePresented on July 21, 2003. Title: Karl Jordan: A Life in Systematics Abstract approved: Paul Lawrence Farber Karl Jordan (1861-1959) was an extraordinarily productive entomologist who influenced the development of systematics, entomology, and naturalists' theoretical framework as well as their practice. He has been a figure in existing accounts of the naturalist tradition between 1890 and 1940 that have defended the relative contribution of naturalists to the modem evolutionary synthesis. These accounts, while useful, have primarily examined the natural history of the period in view of how it led to developments in the 193 Os and 40s, removing pre-Synthesis naturalists like Jordan from their research programs, institutional contexts, and disciplinary homes, for the sake of synthesis narratives. This dissertation redresses this picture by examining a naturalist, who, although often cited as important in the synthesis, is more accurately viewed as a man working on the problems of an earlier period. This study examines the specific problems that concerned Jordan, as well as the dynamic institutional, international, theoretical and methodological context of entomology and natural history during his lifetime. It focuses upon how the context in which natural history has been done changed greatly during Jordan's life time, and discusses the role of these changes in both placing naturalists on the defensive among an array of new disciplines and attitudes in science, and providing them with new tools and justifications for doing natural history. One of the primary intents of this study is to demonstrate the many different motives and conditions through which naturalists came to and worked in natural history. -
Praying Mantids
PRAYING MANTIDS By : Ananda Shikhara Bhat Class : IX B School : Vidyaniketan Public School What is a mantis? . Mantids(singular: mantis) are carnivorous insects belonging to the order mantodea. This is the technical definition. However, it doesn’t really make sense unless you are already an entomologist. My Definition . I say that mantids are small carnivorous insects which have highly modified front legs they use for catching and holding prey while eating them. This, I find, actually sort of brings a picture to your mind, doesn’t it? A Typical Mantis Classification of a mantis Hierarchy Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Mantodea Some Details Distribution Mainly tropical and sub-tropical regions Diversity Over 2400 species and about 430 genera Habitat Terrestrial . Mantids. look very similar to grasshoppers in appearance, but are more closely related to cockroaches. Mantids come in all shapes, sizes, and colors, mimicking leaves, sticks, flowers, bark, grass, and even ants! But the most commonly found ones mimic fresh leaves. What makes mantids so interesting? . Mantids are extremely intelligent creatures. After a short period of time in captivity, they associate your presence with the appearance of food, and so stop trying to run away every time you open the box. Mantids can rotate their heads almost 180°, which, you have to admit, is pretty amazing. They have amazing regenerative capabilities. They have a single ear. They also have amazing camouflage, like in the example I’m about to show you. Do you see the mantis? Well, NOW do you see it? Well, NOW do you see it(the green thing isn’t the mantis) This is the mantis Schizocephala Bicornis Some different kinds of mantids How to recognize a mantis . -
OBITUARIES Sir Edward Poulton, F.R.S
No. 3870, jANUARY 1, 1944 NATURE 15 the University of Edinburgh, previously held by a tragic death, and his successor, F. Hasenohrl, was Black. To him we owe the discovery of the maximum killed in action on the Italian front in 1915. The density of water. The centenary of John Dalton falls chemists born in 1844 include Prof. J. Emerson on July 27 of this year, but any commemoration Reynolds (died 1920), who occupied for twenty-eight must inevitably be clouded over by the results of years the chair of chemistry in the University of the air raid of December 24, 1940, when the premises Dublin, and Ferdinand Hurter (died 1898), a native of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society of Schaffhausen, Switzerland, who came to England were completely destroyed. From 1817 until 1844 in 1867 and became principal chemist to the United DaJton was president of the Society, and within its Alkali Company. Among astronomers, Prof. W. R. walls he taught, lectured and experimented. The Brooks (died 1921) of the United States was famous Society had an unequalled collection of his apparatus, as a 'comet hunter'. Charles Trepied (died 1907) was but after digging among the ruins the only things for many years director of the Observatory at found were his gold watch, a spark eudiometer and Bouzariah, eleven kilometres from Algiers, while some charred remains of letters and note-books. A Annibale Ricco (died 1919), though he began life as month after Dalton passed away in Manchester, an engineer, for nineteen years directed the observa Francis Baily died in London, after a life devoted to tory of Catania and Etna, his special subject being astronomy and kindred subjects. -
Ancient Rapid Radiations of Insects: Challenges for Phylogenetic Analysis
ANRV330-EN53-23 ARI 2 November 2007 18:40 Ancient Rapid Radiations of Insects: Challenges for Phylogenetic Analysis James B. Whitfield1 and Karl M. Kjer2 1Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61821; email: jwhitfi[email protected] 2Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008. 53:449–72 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on diversification, molecular evolution, Palaeoptera, Orthopteroidea, September 17, 2007 fossils The Annual Review of Entomology is online at ento.annualreviews.org Abstract by UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS on 12/18/07. For personal use only. This article’s doi: Phylogenies of major groups of insects based on both morphological 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093304 and molecular data have sometimes been contentious, often lacking Copyright c 2008 by Annual Reviews. the data to distinguish between alternative views of relationships. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008.53:449-472. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org All rights reserved This paucity of data is often due to real biological and historical 0066-4170/08/0107-0449$20.00 causes, such as shortness of time spans between divergences for evo- lution to occur and long time spans after divergences for subsequent evolutionary changes to obscure the earlier ones. Another reason for difficulty in resolving some of the relationships using molecu- lar data is the limited spectrum of genes so far developed for phy- logeny estimation. For this latter issue, there is cause for current optimism owing to rapid increases in our knowledge of comparative genomics. -
Empusidae: Mantodea) from Uttar-Pradesh, India Received: 01-01-2018 Accepted: 02-02-2018
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(2): 1242-1246 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 First report of Empusa spinosa Krauss, 1902 JEZS 2018; 6(2): 1242-1246 © 2018 JEZS (Empusidae: Mantodea) from Uttar-Pradesh, India Received: 01-01-2018 Accepted: 02-02-2018 Ramesh Singh Yadav Ramesh Singh Yadav Government School Dehariya, Zamania, Ghazipur, Uttar Abstract Pradesh, India Mantids are key agent of Natural and Biological control. They are very diverse fauna. Their diversity in Uttar Pradesh is very negligible. The present study was based on the specimens collected of the subfamily Empusinae during the course of a field survey of the district Ghazipur, Uttar-Pradesh in the month of October 15, 2017. The Mantids were collected from the plantation of the Tectona by hand picking. One female and one male mantids fauna have recorded and identified as Empusa spinosa Krauss, 1902. The fauna have firstly recorded from the district Ghazipur as well as Uttar-Pradesh also. The descriptions of the species have made based on the morphological characters. The identifying features of species were Vertex of head prolonged into a more or less conical protuberance, divided at apex. Antenna of male was pectinate and female filiform; internal spines of fore femur with each long spine alternating with 3-4 short spines. The Pronotum was slender and long. Fore coxa with prolonged spiniform process at distal end and fore femur without dialation and mid as well as hind femora without ventral lobes. Keywords: empusidae, Empusa spinosa¸ ghazipur, mantids, survey, Uttar-Pradesh 1. Introduction Mantids belong to the order Mantodea which are the very sophisticated insect fauna in the terrestrial ecosystem. -
Decontextualized Learning for Interpretable Hierarchical Representations of Visual Patterns
DECONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING FOR INTERPRETABLE HIERARCHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF VISUAL PATTERNS ∗ R. Ian Etheredge1, 2, 3, , Manfred Schartl4, 5, 6, 7, and Alex Jordan1, 2, 3 1Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany 2Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany 3Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany 4Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas Aguazarca, A.C., Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico 5Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany 6Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA 7Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, USA September 22, 2020 SUMMARY Apart from discriminative models for classification and object detection tasks, the application of deep convolutional neural networks to basic research utilizing natural imaging data has been somewhat limited; particularly in cases where a set of interpretable features for downstream analysis is needed, a key requirement for many scientific investigations. We present an algorithm and training paradigm designed specifically to address this: decontextualized hierarchical representation learning (DHRL). By combining a generative model chaining procedure with a ladder network architecture and latent arXiv:2009.09893v1 [cs.CV] 31 Aug 2020 space regularization for inference, DHRL address the limitations of small datasets and encourages a disentangled set of hierarchically organized features. In addition to providing a tractable path for analyzing complex hierarchal patterns using variation inference, this approach is generative and can be directly combined with empirical and theoretical approaches. To highlight the extensibility and usefulness of DHRL, we demonstrate this method in application to a question from evolutionary biology. -
Some Morphological Characteristics of Praying Mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of South Gujarat, India
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(6): 3612-3620 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.425 Some morphological characteristics of Praying Mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of South Gujarat, India H. N. Patel1* and Abhishek Shukla2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, N.M.C.A, NAU, Navsari, India 2Senior Acarologist AINP on Agricultural Acarology, Department of Agricultural Entomology, N.M.C.A, NAU, Navsari, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present experiment was conducted to study the Praying mantids (Mantodea) in Campus of N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) India, in relation to their morphological characteristics (Morphometrics of forewing, hind wing and K e yw or ds abdomen), at Department of Agricultural Entomology, N. M. College of Mantodea, Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) India, mantids, during 2016- 17. Total 21 species of mantids belongs to 15 genera, from diversity, Morphometrics five families were recorded from different localities. Among 21 species of Article Info mantids Aethalochroa ashmoliana Westwood (Family: Toxoderidae) was the largest in relation to size of forewing (50.13±0.20mm), hind wing Accepted: (50.60±0.36mm) and Schizocephala bicornis Linnaeus (Family: Mantidae) 25 May 2018 Available Online: was the largest in relation to size of abdomen (82.50±0.52mm), while 10 June 2018 TripiodoguttatipennisStal (Family: Hymenopodidae) was the smallest in size with measurement of forewing (20.07±0.07mm), hind wing (20.84±0.73mm) and abdomen (22.13±0.06). -
Creobroter Gemmatus? Can They Explain the Peculiar Behaviour of the Male? If So Phil Bragg and Myself Would Love to Hear an Explanation
ISSN 1364-3193 Mantis Study Group Newsletter 11 February 1999 Newsletter Editor Membership Secretary Phil Bragg Paul Taylor 8 The Lane 24 Forge Road Awsworth Shustoke Nottingham Coleshill NGl62QP Birmingham B46 2AD Editorial Yesterday I started with "As you will probably have noticed already, this issue is rather thin.". However, an hour later the postman delivered an article from Martin Rowley so I quickly phoned him and asked him to send me a copy on disk. Martin's disk arrived this morning, and by coincidence a disk from Andy Lasebny arrived in the same mail delivery. The result of this is that the newsletter has doubled in size this morning! Despite the doubling in size, this newsletter is still rather thin, so please will everyone try to write something for the newsletter. Without your contributions there will not be a newsletter! Exhibitions The next scheduled exhibition for which we have a stand booked is Kettering Insect Fair on Sunday March 21 st. Other dates to note are: West of England Creepy Crawly Show, Newton Abbot racecourse, Devon. Saturday 10th July 1999 and Sunday 21st November 1999. British Tarantula Society Show, Wood Green High School, Wood Green Road, Wenesbury, West Midlands (2 minutes from J9 of the M6) from 1030 to about 1630 on Sunday 16th May 1999. Oldham Creepy Crawly Show, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Oldham. Open 1200-1700, 6th June 1999. Adults £1.00, children free. We have not booked a table for this, if anyone wants to run a stand for the MSG at this event please contact me for more details. -
Back Matter (PDF)
[ 229 • ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, S e r ie s B, FOR THE YEAR 1897 (YOL. 189). B. Bower (F. 0.). Studies in the Morphology of Spore-producing Members.— III. Marattiaceae, 35. C Cheirostrobus, a new Type of Fossil Cone (Scott), 1. E. Enamel, Tubular, in Marsupials and other Animals (Tomes), 107. F. Fossil Plants from Palaeozoic Rocks (Scott), 1, 83. L. Lycopodiaceae; Spencerites, a new Genus of Cones from Coal-measures (Scott), 83. 230 INDEX. M. Marattiaceae, Fossil and Recent, Comparison of Sori of (Bower), 3 Marsupials, Tubular Enamel a Class Character of (Tomes), 107. N. Naqada Race, Variation and Correlation of Skeleton in (Warren), 135 P. Pteridophyta: Cheirostrobus, a Fossil Cone, &c. (Scott), 1. S. Scott (D. H.). On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Ro ks.—On Cheirostrobus, a new Type of Fossil Cone from the Lower Carboniferous Strata (Calciferous Sandstone Series), 1. Scott (D. H.). On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Rocks.—II. On Spencerites, a new Genus of Lycopodiaceous Cones from the Coal-measures, founded on the Lepidodendron Spenceri of Williamson, 83. Skeleton, Human, Variation and Correlation of Parts of (Warren), 135. Sorus of JDancea, Kaulfxissia, M arattia, Angiopteris (Bower), 35. Spencerites insignis (Will.) and S. majusculus, n. sp., Lycopodiaceous Cones from Coal-measures (Scott), 83. Sphenophylleae, Affinities with Cheirostrobus, a Fossil Cone (Scott), 1. Spore-producing Members, Morphology of.—III. Marattiaceae (Bower), 35. Stereum lvirsutum, Biology of; destruction of Wood by (Ward), 123. T. Tomes (Charles S.). On the Development of Marsupial and other Tubular Enamels, with Notes upon the Development of Enamels in general, 107.