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Some Morphological Characteristics of Praying Mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of South Gujarat, India

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Some Morphological Characteristics of Praying Mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of South Gujarat, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(6): 3612-3620 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.425 Some morphological characteristics of Praying Mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of South Gujarat, India H. N. Patel1* and Abhishek Shukla2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, N.M.C.A, NAU, Navsari, India 2Senior Acarologist AINP on Agricultural Acarology, Department of Agricultural Entomology, N.M.C.A, NAU, Navsari, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present experiment was conducted to study the Praying mantids (Mantodea) in Campus of N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) India, in relation to their morphological characteristics (Morphometrics of forewing, hind wing and K e yw or ds abdomen), at Department of Agricultural Entomology, N. M. College of Mantodea, Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) India, mantids, during 2016- 17. Total 21 species of mantids belongs to 15 genera, from diversity, Morphometrics five families were recorded from different localities. Among 21 species of Article Info mantids Aethalochroa ashmoliana Westwood (Family: Toxoderidae) was the largest in relation to size of forewing (50.13±0.20mm), hind wing Accepted: (50.60±0.36mm) and Schizocephala bicornis Linnaeus (Family: Mantidae) 25 May 2018 Available Online: was the largest in relation to size of abdomen (82.50±0.52mm), while 10 June 2018 TripiodoguttatipennisStal (Family: Hymenopodidae) was the smallest in size with measurement of forewing (20.07±0.07mm), hind wing (20.84±0.73mm) and abdomen (22.13±0.06). Introduction balance of tropic levels of food chain(4).These insects often remain motionless for hours, in Mantids are amongst the ambush pradators search of prey, and only the head rotates about and most attractive creatures on earth due to 180 degrees to watch any disturbances caused its specialized front legs, in an attitude of by flying insects. Globally 2400 species of prayer, camouflage and reproductive mantids are known belonging to 142 genera behavior(1-3). They are known to lay eggs in and 18 families(5). A total 162 species exist in complex ootheca. Mantids play an imperative India belonging to 68 genera(6). Research on role as prey and predator to maintain the mantids in India was further propelled by several researchers in India (7- 12). 4 species 3612 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(6): 3612-3620 and 4 genera of mantids have sofar been Statistical analysis recorded from all over Gujarat (6). In the face of rapid decline of all organism and habitats The experimental data was analysed owing to fast urbanisation and statistically by using minimum, maximum industrialisation in this Area, a list ofMantid values and average ± standard deviation of the fauna is extremely necessary to observe length of different body parts. change in their biodiversity and morphological features. We are representing morphological Results and Discussion characters of mantids (length of forewing, hind wing and abdomen) in South Gujarat, the Order: Mantodea present study was done. The main objectives of this study include to study the I. Family: Mantidea morphological characteristics of mantids in South Gujarat, India. 1. Mantis religiosa (Burmeister, 1838) Materials and Methods Morphological description Study on morphology of Mantids in South Colour: Yellowish green, brown, yellow, Gujarat, India was carried out by the black;Head: triangular with a transverse dirty Department of Entomology, N.M. College of yellowish green patch across vertex and eye; Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Forelegs:coxal disc not flat, with six to seven Navsari, Gujarat during 2016-17, India. submarginal granules, internally with marble Photographs of species and their behavioural callous spots; Middle and Hindlegs: slender, patterns were captured with the help of digital without lobulation, coxa broader and shorter camera (Sony Alpha a7S gigital camera). Live than femur; Wings: both wings hyaline, costal specimens from the field were photographed, area of forewing opaque; costal vein bifurcates so that natural colouration and specific distally; post radial vein bifurcates at middle, behavioural postures can be documented. The lower branch again bifurcates distally in both specimens of mantids were then processed for forewing and hindwing.This is one of the most identification for which they were killed in common species of mantid found in almost all killing jar and spread and pinned properly. parts of world (Image-1). The initial identification, of the praying mantids was done with the help of the keys of Habitat: Paddy, Mango, Pond, Grassland and state fauna services of Zoological Survey of Banana ecosystem. India, Kolkata.The final confirmation had been be done with the help of expert 2. Hierodula keralenesis (Vyjayandi and Dr.H.V.Ghate, Professor of Zoology, Modern Narendran, 1995) College, Pune-411001, Maharashtra by sending specimens and personal visit on Morphological description August 2nd, 2017. Who have 28 years of experience on order Mantodea. Colour: Light green with slight Simultaneously, collection of mantids were ferrugeneousprozonal border; Head: also done for measurement of their fore wing, triangular, Eyes: globular laterally, oval hind wing and abdomen with the help of ventrally; Antenna: filiform, slender; Forelegs: digital verniercalliper. stouter, coxa with many strong saw-like spines; Middle and Hind legs: slender, coxa 3613 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(6): 3612-3620 shorter, femur and tibia almost equal in length; Habitat: Paddy, Mango, Pond and Grassland tibia more slender than femur; Forewing: with ecosystem. costal area moss green and opaque discoidal area light green, semihyaline, stigma yellow, 5. Hierodula viridis (‎Burmeister‎, 1838) veins light green (Image-2). Morphological description: Color: Pale green; Habitat: Paddy and Grassland ecosystem. Head: Thick, triangular, vertex smooth, lateral lobes slightly pronounced; Eyes: globular 3. Hierodula coarctata(Saussure, 1869) laterally, ocelli larger; Antenna: filiform, slender without setae; Forelegs: superior Morphological description margin of coxa with four to five obtuse thick spines, outer surface ridged, inferior end not Colour: Pale green, gray, black, yellow; Head: serrated. Middle and Hindlegs: coxa short, Thick, triangular wider ; vertex smooth, Eyes: femur slightly shorter than tibia in midleg, globular laterally, ventrally subconical; longer than tibia in hindlegs; Wings: longer Antenna: filiform, slender without setae; than metasoma, forewing with opaque, broad Pronotum: Elongate, supra coxaldialation coastal area, hindwings hyaline (Image-5). oval, with indistinct mid longitudinal carina; Forelegs: superior margin of coxa with 4 to 5 Habitat:Paddy, Mango, Pond, Grassland and obtuse thick spines, outer surface ridged, Banana ecosystem. inferior end not serrated; Middle and Hind legs: coxa short; femur slightly shorter than 6. Hierodula venosa(Olivier, 1792) tibia in mid leg, longer than tibia in hind leg; Wings: longer than abdomen, forewing with Morphological description opaque, broad coastal area (Image-3). Colour: GoldenGreen; Head: Triangular, Habitat: Paddy and Grassland ecosystem. wider than high, vertex smooth, lateral lobes a little prominent; Eyes: globular dorsally, 4. Hierodula grandis(Saussure, 1869) subconical ventrally, ocelli closely packed; Antenna: slender, without setae; Pronotum: Morphological description Longer than forecoxa; supra coxaldialation oval, immediately narrows posterior to it; This species is commonly known as giant Forelegs : Coxa ridged externally, internally Asian mantid and it is a large sized mantid flat, with 6 to 7 strong, stout marginal spines; which grows up to 6 inches long and is Middle and Hind legs: middle leg slightly capable of eating small birds, reptiles and shorter than hind legs, coxa short; Forewing: mammals; Colour: Green, brown; Head: opaque except at apex, with dense reticulate Triangular, wider than high, vertex smooth, veins; costal area broader (Image-6). lateral lobes prominent; Eyes: globular laterally, subconical ventrally; ocelli large, Habitat: Paddy, Mango, Pond, Grassland and closely placed; Antenna: slender, nonciliated; Banana ecosystem. Pronotum: Oval shaped, slightly longer than fore coxa; Forelegs:coxa ridged dorsally; 7. Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, superior margin with five blunt spines; Middle 1838) and Hindlegs: Simple; Wings: Longer than abdomen, forewing costal area opaque Morphological description: The bite of this (Image-4). 3614 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(6): 3612-3620 large species can be painful and possibly metatarsus as long as all other tarsal segments break the skin; Colour: light green; Head: together; Wings: sub hyaline, subconical at triangular; Antenna: slender, filiform; ocelli tips; forewing with reticulate venation, conspicuous; Forelegs: coxa inner margin superior border opaque with transverse veins, tuberculated. Middle and Hind legs: slender; without setae (Image-9). coxa short; hind femur longer than coxa, slightly shorter than tibia; metatarsus as long Habitat: Paddy, Grassland and Banana as all other tarsal segments together; Wings: ecosystem. longer than metasoma, forewings costal area opaque, posterior radial vein bifurcates 10. Statiliamaculata(Thunberg, 1987) proximally; hind wing hyaline, radial veins
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