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UMI A Bell &Howemiifi«inatioa Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Aibw MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/S21-0600 ESCRTTOS FÜNDACIONALES EN LA UTERATURA CHELENA EN EL SKH.O XDC: EL APORTE DE VICENTE GREZ DISSERTATION Presented in Partial FnifiDment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor ofMnlosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State Universi^ By Janet Aurora Nunez, NLA ****** The Ohio State University 1999 Dissertation Committee; Approved by Professor Jaime Giordano Professor Salvador Garcia Professor Fernando Unzneta /T Adviser Dqrartment of Spanish and Portuguese DMX Number: 9919899 Copyright 1999 by Nunez, Jamet Aurora All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9919899 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. Ail rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Janet A. Nunez 1999 ABSTRACT The combative atmosphere of 19th century Latin America originated not only in die longing for pohtical independence, but also sprang fiom each nation's aspiration to create a cultural autonomy. The written word was the weapon employed in promoting a sense of nationality enable of both consolidating and being identified with the new republics. This dissertation centers upon the work of Vicente Grez, a highly prolific Chilean writer of that era. His work was part of the hteraiy endeavor of the time, Wiich was focused on the different literary discourses concerned with the urgency of producing a literature that supported the creation of national identity. These discourses authorized a series of documents that demonstrated self-evaluation of reflection on the state of national culture. This, in turn, implied the revalorization of what was specific to Chilean culture and the creation of a genuine and vernacular literature Wiich articulated a purely national discourse. The first part of this dissertation analyzes the different documents formulated by intellectuals, (kxmments vdiich were disseminated via the nevsdy estabhshed press. The history of joumahsm in Chile is analyzed and the effects that it had as a means of dissemination is elaborated in this chqiter. The press facilitated the communication to diverse local environments of the ideas and cultural production o f men of letters. The writings of Vicente Grez ^jpeared in its pages, thus leaving his mark for posterity in articles of political satire, art criticism, and novels, some vdiich blended history and fiction and some that later became portraits of the period. AU o f his works were mirrors of 19th century Chilean society. In the second part of this dissertation, we study a portion of Vicente Grez's literary work regarding historical narrative, thus showing his contribution to die national Uterature. We analyze two woiks based on historical events, "Las mujeres de la Independencia " and "El Combate Homérico" the latter an aUegory of the War of the Pacific. Both texts show the fine line between history and fiction, and a powerful mixture that merges the reaffirming feelings of "national identity" and "patriotic sentiment" vdiich were inserted in the fictional recounting of Vicente Grez. m Francisco Ernesto: Hoy es hoy con el peso de todo el tiempo ido, con las alas de todo lo que serâ manana. Pablo Neruda IV AGRADECIMIENTOS Mis cordiales y sincères agradecimientos al Profesor Jaime Giordano, s in su estimulo y comprensiôn, estas pâginas no se hubieran escrito. También mis reconocimientos a les miembros del comité Profesores: Salvador Garcia y Fernando Uozueta por sus atentas lecturas y generosas sugerencias. Especial gratitud a Francisco Emesto, su infinita paciencia y comprensiôn ‘a su propia manera’ contribuyeron para que esta labor culminara exitosamente. Un câlido agradecimiento a mis amigos Maria Carmen y Steve Riddel por haber sido elles quienes me motivaron a esta nueva etapa académica. Es infinite y etemo el agradecimiento a Margaret Van Zandt, su amplio e incondicional apoyo en todas las et%q)as de este proyecto no tuvo limites. M u c h as gracias también a Judy Manley y Melinda Robinson, ellas siempre listas y afables me ayudaron en las innumerables correrias propias de "Cunz Hall’. Finalmente, sinceros agradecimientos a todos aquéllos que en forma ausente o présente me rodearon durante estos anos,...para todos elles me valgo de unes versos de Jorge Luis Borges y simplemente anoto: "Sé que entre todas las palabras, una Hay para recordarla o figurarla. El secreto, a nd ver, estâ en usarla Can hunàldad. Es la palabra ... ". ‘GRACIAS’ VITA 1979 Profesor de Estado con mendôn en Matemàtica Universidad de Chile, Santiagp Chile. 1981 Graduate Program in Special Education Center for Continuing Education Program 1985 M A in Spanish Language and Literature State University of New York at Stony Brook 1990 Awards and Honors: Hispanic Citizen of the Year. Sigma Delta Pi, Marshall UniversityJHuntington, West Virginia 1991-1995 Graduate Teaching Associate Department of Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 1995 Recipient of Tinker LAST Foundation Travel Grant 1995 Recipient of Loan Crane Award for Hispanic Studies 1995-1997 \^siting Instructor, Department of Modem Languages and Literature, Kenyon College 1998 Visiting histractor. Department of Modem Languages and Literature, Denison University. VI FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field Spanish and Portuguese Specialization: Indigenous Colonial and National Discourse to 1880 Secondary field Modernity and Postmodemity Nfinor Field Literary And Cultural Theory vu INDICE A bstract........................................................................................................................ ii Dedicatoria. .................................................................................................................. iv Reconodmientos ........................................................................................................... v "N^ta................................................................................................................................vi Capitnios; Introducdôn ................................................................................................................... 1 1. Poiodisino y titeratora nadonai ; El aporte de Vicente Grez. ........................... 13 1.1 La im prenta en Hispanoamérica .......................................................... 18 1.2 Imprenta y periodismo en Chile ......................................................... 29 1.3 Reflexiones sobre el periodismo y la literatura .................................. 38 1.4 Vicente Grez y el periodismo nadonal ................................................. 45 2. Documentadôn como ftmdamento de la narrativa nadonal ............................ 68 2.1 "Inversionistas" bispanoaméricanos ................................................ 73 2.1.1 Andrés Bello ........................................................................... 73 2.1.2 Ignado Manuel Altamirano ............................................... 78 2.2 "Inversionistas” chilenos. ....................................................................... 82 2.2.1 José Victorino Lastarria ........................................................ 85 2.2.2 José Joaquin Vallejo................................................................ 91 2.2.3 Salvador Sanfuentes. ............................................................... 94 2.2.4 Joaquin Blest Gana. ................................................................ 98 2.2.5 Alberto Blest Gana. ............................................................... 101 2.3 Alberto Blest Gana vs. José V. Lastarria. .......................................... 104 vm 2.4 Martm Rivas, prodacto de fundamentos literarios. ...........................107 2.5 Vicente Grez, re-produccion de fundamentos literarios. .................116 3. Vicente Grez y la narrativa historical Comienzos de siglo ........................ 135 3.1 hitroduccion a la narrativa histôrica ...................................................... 135 3.2 Proyecdones histôricas ..........................................................................143 3.3 Las mujeres de la independencia. ........................................................

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