History and Geography
Toussaint L’Ouverture Independence for Latin America
Reader
Simón Bolívar
Indigenous woman at work
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ISBN: 978-1-68380-339-3 Independence for Latin America Table of Contents Chapter 1 Revolutions in America ...... 2 Chapter 2 Toussaint L’Ouverture and Haiti ...... 10 Chapter 3 Mexico’s Fight for Independence ...... 26 Chapter 4 Mexico After Independence ...... 40 Chapter 5 Simón Bolívar the Liberator ...... 52 Chapter 6 Revolution in the South ...... 68 Chapter 7 Brazil Finds Another Way...... 78 Glossary ...... 88
Independence for Latin America Reader Core Knowledge History and Geography™ Chapter 1 Revolutions in America
The Struggle for Independence Why do we celebrate Independence Day The Big Question on the Fourth of July? Well, it is the Why did European day that represents when the original colonies in North and South America want thirteen English colonies declared their their freedom? independence from Great Britain in 1776. Declaring independence was one thing, but achieving it was not quite as easy. The Declaration of Independence led to a bloody seven-year war between Great Britain and the colonies.
As you know, the colonies won that war and created the United States. What you may not know is that most of the other countries in North and South America were once colonies and also declared their independence from colonial powers. They too revolted and fought wars to become free. Many struggled to gain independence from Spain, but others declared independence from France, Portugal, and the Netherlands. (The people of the Netherlands are commonly referred to as the Dutch.) Each of these countries has a national holiday when its citizens celebrate their independence, just as Americans do on the Fourth of July. In this book, you will read about these countries—located in a part of the world called Latin America—and how they won their freedom.
2 olonies in atin merica, 30 N nited States ATLANTIC OCEAN Gulf of e ico Mexico Haiti uba Dominican 0 N Republic Beli e Honduras amaica Caribbean Sea uatemela icaragua 10 N l Salvador osta Rica uyana Suriname Vene uela anama French uiana PACIFIC OCEAN B olombia 0 cuador I Bra il eru 10 S S TH Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch RI colonies were established in the Americas by 1700. The region of Latin America Bolivia includes Central and South 0 S America. The name, “Latin America”, comes from the araguay influence of the Spanish, S French, and Portuguese hile colonizers, and from their 30 S Latin based languages. rgentina Latin was the language of ancient Rome. The areas S ruguay controlled by Spain at this B N time were called New Spain. 0 S N S S