DOCSLIB.ORG

Host Health and Parasitic Infection 5.1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Host Health and Parasitic Infection 5.1 Co-introduction of metazoan parasites with an invasive host, Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1802) in non-native regions in South Africa M Truter orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-1598 Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters degree in Environmental Science at the North-West University Supervisor: Prof NJ Smit Co-supervisor: Prof OLF Weyl Assistant Supervisor: Dr I Přikrylová Graduation May 2018 23378123 Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ viii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. x Keywords ......................................................................................................................... xiii Study Outputs ................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1: General Introduction 1.1. Largemouth bass: a global invader ......................................................................... 5 1.2. Associated parasites: native and non-native range ................................................ 6 1.3. Hypotheses ............................................................................................................. 8 1.4. Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods 2.1. Selection of localities ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.1. North West (NW) ............................................................................................ 10 2.1.2. KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) ..................................................................................... 14 2.1.3. Eastern Cape (EC) ......................................................................................... 14 2.1.4. Western Cape (WC) ....................................................................................... 14 2.2. Sampling of host species ...................................................................................... 17 2.2.1. Micropterus salmoides ................................................................................... 17 2.2.2. Other fish species .......................................................................................... 17 2.3. Necropsy, blood parameters, biometric indices and parasite screening ............... 19 Chapter 3: Parasite communities of South African Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1802) populations: support for enemy release 3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 21 3.2. Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 22 3.2.1. General .......................................................................................................... 22 Page i | 116 Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.2.2. Parasite fixation, morphology and identification ............................................. 22 3.2.3. Statistical analysis .......................................................................................... 23 3.3. Results .................................................................................................................. 23 3.3.1. General parasitological data ........................................................................... 23 3.3.2. Parasite community: composition, diversity and richness .............................. 25 3.3.3. Morphological characterisation ....................................................................... 27 3.4. Discussion ............................................................................................................ 36 Chapter 4: Molecular characterisation of ancyrocephalid monogeneans parasitising Micropterus salmoides in South Africa 4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 42 4.2. Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 43 4.2.1. DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction ........................................... 43 4.2.2. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis ............................................. 44 4.3. Results .................................................................................................................. 47 4.4. Discussion ............................................................................................................. 54 Chapter 5: Host health and parasitic infection 5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 56 5.2. Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 58 5.2.1. General .......................................................................................................... 58 5.2.2. Statistical analysis .......................................................................................... 60 5.3. Results .................................................................................................................. 60 5.3.1. Fish health and organosomatic indices .......................................................... 60 5.3.2. Blood parameters ........................................................................................... 63 5.4. Discussion ............................................................................................................ 65 Chapter 6: Parasite spill-over from Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to native freshwater fish species: a biological invasion case study 6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 68 6.2. Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 69 6.2.1. General .......................................................................................................... 69 6.3. Results .................................................................................................................. 70 6.3.1. General and parasitic infection ....................................................................... 70 6.4. Discussion ............................................................................................................ 75 Page ii | 116 Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 7: Concluding remarks and recommendations for future studies 7.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 79 7.2. Concluding remarks .............................................................................................. 79 7.3. Future studies ....................................................................................................... 80 References ....................................................................................................................... 82 Page iii | 116 List of Figures ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ List of Figures Chapter 1 Figure 1. 1. Categorisation scheme for the invasion process with introduced species into a novel environment (adapted from Richardson et al., 2000, Colautti and MacIsaac, 2004; Blackburn et al., 2011). ........................................................................................................ 2 Figure 1. 2. Schematic representation of co-introduced and co-invasive parasites. Alien host has a parasite that follows process of introduction, establishment and spread with original host. Parasite switches to native host (blue) to become a co-invader (adapted from Lymbery et al., 2014). .......................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2 Figure 2. 1. Map of the localities throughout South Africa where the field sampling for the present study was carried out. ........................................................................................... 11 Figure 2. 2. Specific sites where host specimens were collected. A – C: Mooi River, Potchefstroom Dam and Boskop Dam (North West); D – Friedrichkrön Dam (KwaZulu- Natal); E – F: Howison’s Poort Dam and Settlers Dam (Eastern Cape); G – H: Groenvlei Lake and Vergenoegd Farm Dam (Western Cape). .......................................................... 16 Figure 2. 3. Methods used to collect host specimens; A – rod and reel; B – fyke nets; C – gill nets;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Danio Rerio) Under Atrazine Exposure
    International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 4, August 2013 Bioconcentration and Antioxidant Status Responses in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Under Atrazine Exposure Abeer Ghazie A. Al-Sawafi and Yunjun Yan herbicides to control weeds has been admitted, and its Abstract—The present study was planned designed to frequent applications as a part of farming practices investigate the chronic impacts of herbicide atrazine exposure worldwide. Sadly, the random use of these herbicides to on stress biomarkers acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and improve agricultural output, careless handling, accidental oxidative stress responses in brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio), spillage or discharge of untreated effluents into natural and determine the bioconcentration of atrazine in whole body of fish. Chronic exposure to atrazine unveiled a markedly waterways may have adverse impacts on non-target discourage in the activity of AChE. However, significant organisms, private fish and other aquatic objects and may increase in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide contribute to long term impacts in the environment [4]. dismutase (SOD) and both influenced by atraizine, and CAT Atrazine is one of the more widely used herbicides found in was over sensitivity to atrazine compared with SOD. The the rural environments. It is widely used on corn, sorghum, highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) of atrazine in the fish sugarcane, pineapples, and fairly on landscape vegetation, As treated was (12.8543×104 and 13.5891×104) after 24h exposure to (0.957 and 1.913 mg L-1) and 13.238×104, after 25 d exposure well as to control aquatic weeds has implementation in fish to 0.638 mg L−1 of atrazine respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 3) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 6.0 - 30 April 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 3 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 3 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Haplochromis through Konia) Haplochromis Hilgendorf 1888 haplo-, simple, proposed as a subgenus of Chromis with unnotched teeth (i.e., flattened and obliquely truncated teeth of H. obliquidens); Chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), then beginning to be used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Haplochromis acidens Greenwood 1967 acies, sharp edge or point; dens, teeth, referring to its sharp, needle-like teeth Haplochromis adolphifrederici (Boulenger 1914) in honor explorer Adolf Friederich (1873-1969), Duke of Mecklenburg, leader of the Deutsche Zentral-Afrika Expedition (1907-1908), during which type was collected Haplochromis aelocephalus Greenwood 1959 aiolos, shifting, changing, variable; cephalus, head, referring to wide range of variation in head shape Haplochromis aeneocolor Greenwood 1973 aeneus, brazen, referring to “brassy appearance” or coloration of adult males, a possible double entendre (per Erwin Schraml) referring to both “dull bronze” color exhibited by some specimens and to what
    [Show full text]
  • Jlb Smith Institute of Ichthyology
    ISSN 0075-2088 J.L.B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY GRAHAMSTOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 56 SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN FRESHWATER FISHES by Paul H. Skelton November 1993 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS o f THE J.L.B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY The Institute publishes original research on the systematics, zoogeography, ecology, biology and conservation of fishes. Manuscripts on ancillary subjects (aquaculture, fishery biology, historical ichthyology and archaeology pertaining to fishes) will be considered subject to the availability of publication funds. Two series are produced at irregular intervals: the Special Publication series and the Ichthyological Bulletin series. Acceptance of manuscripts for publication is subject to the approval of reviewers from outside the Institute. Priority is given to papers by staff of the Institute, but manuscripts from outside the Institute will be considered if they are pertinent to the work of the Institute. Colour illustrations can be printed at the expense of the author. Publications of the Institute are available by subscription or in exchange for publi­ cations of other institutions. Lists of the Institute’s publications are available from the Publications Secretary at the address below. INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Manuscripts shorter than 30 pages will generally be published in the Special Publications series; longer papers will be considered for the Ichthyological Bulletin series. Please follow the layout and format of a recent Bulletin or Special Publication. Manuscripts must be submitted in duplicate to the Editor, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa. The typescript must be double-spaced throughout with 25 mm margins all round.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Sequences of Tropheus Moorii and Petrochromis Trewavasae, Two Eco‑Morphologically Divergent Cichlid Fshes Endemic to Lake Tanganyika C
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genome sequences of Tropheus moorii and Petrochromis trewavasae, two eco‑morphologically divergent cichlid fshes endemic to Lake Tanganyika C. Fischer1,2, S. Koblmüller1, C. Börger1, G. Michelitsch3, S. Trajanoski3, C. Schlötterer4, C. Guelly3, G. G. Thallinger2,5* & C. Sturmbauer1,5* With more than 1000 species, East African cichlid fshes represent the fastest and most species‑rich vertebrate radiation known, providing an ideal model to tackle molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent adaptive diversifcation. We add high‑quality genome reconstructions for two phylogenetic key species of a lineage that diverged about ~ 3–9 million years ago (mya), representing the earliest split of the so‑called modern haplochromines that seeded additional radiations such as those in Lake Malawi and Victoria. Along with the annotated genomes we analysed discriminating genomic features of the study species, each representing an extreme trophic morphology, one being an algae browser and the other an algae grazer. The genomes of Tropheus moorii (TM) and Petrochromis trewavasae (PT) comprise 911 and 918 Mbp with 40,300 and 39,600 predicted genes, respectively. Our DNA sequence data are based on 5 and 6 individuals of TM and PT, and the transcriptomic sequences of one individual per species and sex, respectively. Concerning variation, on average we observed 1 variant per 220 bp (interspecifc), and 1 variant per 2540 bp (PT vs PT)/1561 bp (TM vs TM) (intraspecifc). GO enrichment analysis of gene regions afected by variants revealed several candidates which may infuence phenotype modifcations related to facial and jaw morphology, such as genes belonging to the Hedgehog pathway (SHH, SMO, WNT9A) and the BMP and GLI families.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Proceedings 2006
    FOSAF THE FEDERATION OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN FLYFISHERS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10 TH YELLOWFISH WORKING GROUP CONFERENCE STERKFONTEIN DAM, HARRISMITH 07 – 09 APRIL 2006 Edited by Peter Arderne PRINTING & DISTRIBUTION SPONSORED BY: sappi 1 CONTENTS Page List of participants 3 Press release 4 Chairman’s address -Bill Mincher 5 The effects of pollution on fish and people – Dr Steve Mitchell 7 DWAF Quality Status Report – Upper Vaal Management Area 2000 – 2005 - Riana 9 Munnik Water: The full picture of quality management & technology demand – Dries Louw 17 Fish kills in the Vaal: What went wrong? – Francois van Wyk 18 Water Pollution: The viewpoint of Eco-Care Trust – Mornē Viljoen 19 Why the fish kills in the Vaal? –Synthesis of the five preceding presentations 22 – Dr Steve Mitchell The Elands River Yellowfish Conservation Area – George McAllister 23 Status of the yellowfish populations in Limpopo Province – Paul Fouche 25 North West provincial report on the status of the yellowfish species – Daan Buijs & 34 Hermien Roux Status of yellowfish in KZN Province – Rob Karssing 40 Status of the yellowfish populations in the Western Cape – Dean Impson 44 Regional Report: Northern Cape (post meeting)– Ramogale Sekwele 50 Yellowfish conservation in the Free State Province – Pierre de Villiers 63 A bottom-up approach to freshwater conservation in the Orange Vaal River basin – 66 Pierre de Villiers Status of the yellowfish populations in Gauteng Province – Piet Muller 69 Yellowfish research: A reality to face – Dr Wynand Vlok 72 Assessing the distribution & flow requirements of endemic cyprinids in the Olifants- 86 Doring river system - Bruce Paxton Yellowfish genetics projects update – Dr Wynand Vlok on behalf of Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: an Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid Biodiversity
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: An Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid Biodiversity Maarten Van Steenberge1,2,3*, Antoine Pariselle4¤a, Tine Huyse1,2, Filip A. M. Volckaert2, Jos Snoeks1,2, Maarten P. M. Vanhove1,2,5¤b 1 Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, 2 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 3 Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 4 Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, IRD-CNRS-Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 5 Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece ¤a Current address: IRD, ISE-M, Yaoundé, Cameroon ¤b Current address: Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Van Steenberge M, Pariselle A, Huyse T, Abstract Volckaert FAM, Snoeks J, Vanhove MPM (2015) Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: The unparalleled biodiversity of Lake Tanganyika (Africa) has fascinated biologists for over An Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid a century; its unique cichlid communities are a preferred model for evolutionary research. Biodiversity. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0124474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124474 Although species delineation is, in most cases, relatively straightforward, higher-order clas- sifications were shown not to agree with monophyletic groups. Here, traditional morphologi- Academic Editor: Robert Guralnick, University of Colorado, UNITED STATES cal methods meet their limitations. A typical example are the tropheine cichlids currently belonging to Simochromis and Pseudosimochromis. The affiliations of these widespread Received: August 19, 2014 and abundant cichlids are poorly understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Labeo Capensis (Orange River Mudfish) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Orange River Mudfish (Labeo capensis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2014 Revised, May and July 2019 Web Version, 9/19/2019 Image: G. A. Boulenger. Public domain. Available: https://archive.org/stream/catalogueoffres01brit/catalogueoffres01brit. (July 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Africa: within the drainage basin of the Orange-Vaal River system [located in Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa] to which it is possibly restricted. Hitherto thought to occur in the Limpopo system and in southern Cape watersheds [South Africa] which records may be erroneous.” From Barkhuizen et al. (2017): “Native: Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province - Introduced, Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape Province, North-West Province)” 1 Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. There is no indication that this species is in trade in the United States. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks A previous version of this ERSS was published in 2014. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2019): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae Genus Labeo Species Labeo capensis (Smith, 1841)” From Fricke et al. (2019): “Current status: Valid as Labeo capensis (Smith 1841). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae.” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Max length : 50.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [de Moor and Bruton 1988]; common length : 45.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [Lévêque and Daget 1984]; max.
    [Show full text]
  • Coptodon Zillii (Redbelly Tilapia) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Redbelly Tilapia (Coptodon zillii) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, May 2019 Revised, September 2019 Web Version, 11/18/2019 Photo: J. Hoover, Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Public domain. Available: https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=485. (May 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Africa and Eurasia: South Morocco, Sahara, Niger-Benue system, rivers Senegal, Sassandra, Bandama, Boubo, Mé, Comoé, Bia, Ogun and Oshun, Volta system, Chad-Shari system [Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde 1991], middle Congo River basin in the Ubangi, Uele [Thys van den Audenaerde 1964], Itimbiri, Aruwimi [Thys van den Audenaerde 1964; Decru 2015], Lindi- 1 Tshopo [Decru 2015] and Wagenia Falls [Moelants 2015] in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lakes Albert [Thys van den Audenaerde 1964] and Turkana, Nile system and Jordan system [Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde 1991].” Froese and Pauly (2019a) list the following countries as part of the native range of Coptodon zillii: Algeria, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, and Western Sahara. Status in the United States From NatureServe (2019): “Introduced and established in ponds and other waters in Maricopa County, Arizona; irrigation canals in Coachella, Imperial, and Palo Verde valleys, California; and headwater springs of San Antonio River, Bexar County, Texas; common (Page and Burr 1991). Established also in the Carolinas, Hawaii, and possibly in Florida and Nevada (Robins et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Composition, Elemental Concentration and Morphometrics of Two Carnivorous Fishes in Rivers of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
    Body Composition, Elemental Concentration and Morphometrics of two Carnivorous fishes in Rivers of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in ZOOLOGY By Muhammad Yousaf (M. Sc. Zoology) Institute of Pure & Applied Biology (Zoology Division) Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan “It Is He Who Has Made The Sea Subject, That Ye May Eat Thereof Flesh That Is Fresh And Tender. And That Ye May Extract There From Ornaments To Wear.” (26: 14) – THE HOLY QURAN STATEMENT AND DECLARATION The work submitted in this thesis under the title, “Body Composition, Elemental Concentration and Morphometrics of two Carnivorous fishes in River of Southern Punjab, Pakistan” is in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. I declare that this work is the result of my own investigations and has not already been accepted in substance for any degree, nor is it currently being submitted for any other degree. All authors works referred to in this thesis have been fully acknowledged. MUHAMMAD YOUSAF Dated ………………….... I certify that above statement is correct. Supervisor…………………...................... Prof. (R) Dr. Abdus Salam DEDICATED TO My Worthy Parents & All those who bring joy to my life I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I bow my head before ALMIGHTY ALLAH, the most merciful and the most beneficent who bestowed me with the ability to complete this work and the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) who inspired me for the truth. I deem it an utmost pleasure to be able to express the heartiest gratitude and deep sense of devotion to my worthy supervisor Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • A Histology-Based Health Assessment of Selected Fish Species
    A HISTOLOGY-BASED HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED FISH SPECIES FROM TWO RIVERS IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK BY WARREN CLIFFORD SMITH DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MAGISTER SCIENTIAE IN AQUATIC HEALTH IN THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. G.M. WAGENAAR CO-SUPERVISOR: PROF. N.J. SMIT MAY 2012 Contents Acknowledgements _______________________________________________________ 6 Abstract ________________________________________________________________ 8 List of abbreviations _____________________________________________________ 11 List of figures ___________________________________________________________ 14 List of Tables ___________________________________________________________ 17 Chapter 1: General Introduction ____________________________________________ 19 1.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________ 19 1.2 Study motivation ___________________________________________________ 19 1.3 Hypotheses ________________________________________________________ 21 1.4 Aim of the study ____________________________________________________ 21 1.5 Objectives _________________________________________________________ 21 1.6 Dissertation outline _________________________________________________ 21 Chapter 2: Literature Review ______________________________________________ 23 2.1 Introduction _______________________________________________________ 23 2.2 Study Sites ________________________________________________________ 23 2.2.1 Olifants River (OR)
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Origin and Intra- Specific Variability
    Contributions to Zoology, 87 (2) 105-132 (2018) Monogenean parasites of sardines in Lake Tanganyika: diversity, origin and intra- specific variability Nikol Kmentová1, 15, Maarten Van Steenberge2,3,4,5, Joost A.M. Raeymaekers5,6,7, Stephan Koblmüller4, Pascal I. Hablützel5,8, Fidel Muterezi Bukinga9, Théophile Mulimbwa N’sibula9, Pascal Masilya Mulungula9, Benoît Nzigidahera†10, Gaspard Ntakimazi11, Milan Gelnar1, Maarten P.M. Vanhove1,5,12,13,14 1 Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic 2 Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium 3 Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 4 Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria 5 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium 6 Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway 7 Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway 8 Flanders Marine Institute, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium 9 Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Département de Biologie, B.P. 73 Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo 10 Office Burundais pour la Protection de l‘Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Biodiversité, Avenue de l‘Imprimerie Jabe 12, B.P.
    [Show full text]