DOCSLIB.ORG

Parasites of Barbus Species (Cyprinidae) of Southern Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Parasites of Barbus Species (Cyprinidae) of Southern Africa Parasites of Barbus species (Cyprinidae) of southern Africa By Pieter Johannes Swanepoel Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State. Supervisor: Prof J.G. van As Co-supervisor: Prof L.L. van As Co-supervisor: Dr K.W. Christison July 2015 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 CYPRINIDAE .......................................................................................................... 6 BARBUS ............................................................................................................... 10 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 12 2. Study Sites ................................................................................................ 16 OKAVANGO RIVER SYSTEM .............................................................................. 17 Importance ................................................................................................................... 17 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 17 Habitat and Vegetation ................................................................................................ 19 Leseding Research Camp............................................................................................ 23 PONGOLA RIVER SYSTEM ................................................................................. 25 Importance ................................................................................................................... 25 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 27 Habitat and Vegetation ................................................................................................ 27 Ndumo Game Reserve ................................................................................................ 28 ORANGE-VAAL RIVER SYSTEM ........................................................................ 30 Importance ................................................................................................................... 30 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 32 Habitat and Vegetation ................................................................................................ 34 Free State Provincial Dams ......................................................................................... 35 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 36 3. Ciliophora .................................................................................................. 39 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 40 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................. 41 Fish collections ............................................................................................................ 41 Host examination, fixation and preservation of parasites ............................................. 42 Light microscopy preparations ..................................................................................... 44 Morphological measurements ...................................................................................... 45 RESULTS ............................................................................................................. 47 Trichodina kazubski van As & Basson, 1989 ............................................................... 48 II Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 ...................................................................... 52 Tripartiella macrosoma Basson & van As, 1987 ........................................................... 56 Tripartiella lechridens Basson & van As, 1987 ............................................................. 60 Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) Šrámek-Hušek, 1953 ...................................... 62 Apiosoma caulata Viljoen & van As, 1985 .................................................................... 65 Apiosoma phiala Viljoen & van As, 1985 ...................................................................... 67 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 70 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 72 4. Myxozoa ..................................................................................................... 75 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 76 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................. 79 Host examination, fixation and preservation of parasites ............................................. 79 Light microscopy preparations ..................................................................................... 80 Morphological measurements ...................................................................................... 80 RESULTS ............................................................................................................. 81 Myxobolus nyongana (Fomena, Bouix, & Birgi, 1985) Fomena & Bouix, 1997 ............. 82 Myxobolus sp. 1 ........................................................................................................... 85 Myxobolus oloi Fomena, & Bouix, 1994 ....................................................................... 88 Myxobolus sp. 2 ........................................................................................................... 91 Myxobolus paludinosus Reed, Basson & van As, 2002 ................................................ 93 Myxobolus etsatsaensis Reed, Basson & van As, 2002 ............................................... 96 Myxobolus heterosporus Baker, 1963 type 2 ............................................................... 98 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 101 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 102 5. Monogenea ............................................................................................. 105 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 106 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................ 108 Host examination, fixation and preservation of parasites ........................................... 108 Light microscopy preparations ................................................................................... 108 Morphological measurements .................................................................................... 109 Data analysis ............................................................................................................. 110 RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 111 Dactylogyrus dominici Mashego, 1983 ....................................................................... 111 Dactylogyrus sp. 1 ..................................................................................................... 115 III Dactylogyrus sp. 2 ..................................................................................................... 118 Dactylogyrus sp. 3 ..................................................................................................... 120 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 123 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 126 6. Cestoda and Trematoda ..................................................................... 129 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 130 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................ 133 Host examination, fixation and preservation of parasites ........................................... 133 Light microscopy preparations ................................................................................... 133 Morphological measurements .................................................................................... 135 RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 136 Proteocephalus sp. 1 ................................................................................................. 136 Ichthybothrium sp. 1 ................................................................................................... 143 Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 .......................................................... 148 Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) ............................................................................ 154 Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Effect of Water Temperature on Aquatic Organisms: a Review of Knowledge and Methods for Assessing Biotic Responses to Temperature
    The effect of water temperature on aquatic organisms: a review of knowledge and methods for assessing biotic responses to temperature Report to the Water Research Commission by Helen Dallas The Freshwater Consulting Group Freshwater Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Cape Town WRC Report No. KV 213/09 30 28 26 24 22 C) o 20 18 16 14 Temperature ( 12 10 8 6 4 Jul '92 Jul Oct '91 Apr '92 Jun '92 Jan '93 Mar '92 Feb '92 Feb '93 Aug '91 Nov '91 Nov '91 Dec Aug '92 Sep '92 '92 Nov '92 Dec May '92 Sept '91 Month and Year i Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 GEZINA, 0031 [email protected] The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled: The effect of water temperature on aquatic organisms: A review of knowledge and methods for assessing biotic responses to temperature (WRC project no K8/690). DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use ISBN978-1-77005-731-9 Printed in the Republic of South Africa ii Preface This report comprises five deliverables for the one-year consultancy project to the Water Research Commission, entitled “The effect of water temperature on aquatic organisms – a review of knowledge and methods for assessing biotic responses to temperature” (K8-690). Deliverable 1 (Chapter 1) is a literature review aimed at consolidating available information pertaining to water temperature in aquatic ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Biological Aspects of Baringo Barb I (Ruppell 1835) in Lake Baringo Geoffrey Odhiambo1* and George Osure2
    15(S2): 031-038 (2021) Journal of FisheriesSciences.com E-ISSN 1307-234X © 2021 www.fisheriessciences.com Research Article Evaluation of Biological Aspects of Baringo Barb i (Ruppell 1835) in Lake Baringo Geoffrey Odhiambo1* and George Osure2 1Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya 2Pwani University, P.O Box 195-80108, Kilifi County, Kenya Received: 09.03.2021 / Accepted: 23.03.2021 / Published online: 31.03.2021 Abstract: The Baringo barb Labeobarbus intermsdius is one of the least studied native fish species in Lake Baringo, a shallow freshwater lake located in the eastern arm of the Rift Valley, Kenya. This study evaluated aspects of its biology to provide baseline scientific information on the species. Fish were sampled using gillnets and their lengths (to the nearest 0.1 cm) and weight (to the nearest 0.1 g) measured on a meter board and electronic balance respectively. Parameters of the length-weight relationship were obtained by fitting the power equation; W=a × Lb to length and weight data. Each fish was dissected to remove the stomach for stomach content analysis. Gonads examined gonads for sexing and determination of maturity stage. Fish size in a total of 280 individual sampled during the study ranged from 6.0 to 36.0 cm total length and 4.3 to 1314 g total weight. The b value of the length-weight relationship was 3.1177 indicate positive allometric growth. Of 254 sexed individuals 107 were males and 147 were female giving a ratio of male to female to be 1:1.38 which was significantly different from the expected 1:1 sex ratio (chi-square test, p<0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Jlb Smith Institute of Ichthyology
    ISSN 0075-2088 J.L.B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY GRAHAMSTOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 56 SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN FRESHWATER FISHES by Paul H. Skelton November 1993 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS o f THE J.L.B. SMITH INSTITUTE OF ICHTHYOLOGY The Institute publishes original research on the systematics, zoogeography, ecology, biology and conservation of fishes. Manuscripts on ancillary subjects (aquaculture, fishery biology, historical ichthyology and archaeology pertaining to fishes) will be considered subject to the availability of publication funds. Two series are produced at irregular intervals: the Special Publication series and the Ichthyological Bulletin series. Acceptance of manuscripts for publication is subject to the approval of reviewers from outside the Institute. Priority is given to papers by staff of the Institute, but manuscripts from outside the Institute will be considered if they are pertinent to the work of the Institute. Colour illustrations can be printed at the expense of the author. Publications of the Institute are available by subscription or in exchange for publi­ cations of other institutions. Lists of the Institute’s publications are available from the Publications Secretary at the address below. INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Manuscripts shorter than 30 pages will generally be published in the Special Publications series; longer papers will be considered for the Ichthyological Bulletin series. Please follow the layout and format of a recent Bulletin or Special Publication. Manuscripts must be submitted in duplicate to the Editor, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa. The typescript must be double-spaced throughout with 25 mm margins all round.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Proceedings 2006
    FOSAF THE FEDERATION OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN FLYFISHERS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10 TH YELLOWFISH WORKING GROUP CONFERENCE STERKFONTEIN DAM, HARRISMITH 07 – 09 APRIL 2006 Edited by Peter Arderne PRINTING & DISTRIBUTION SPONSORED BY: sappi 1 CONTENTS Page List of participants 3 Press release 4 Chairman’s address -Bill Mincher 5 The effects of pollution on fish and people – Dr Steve Mitchell 7 DWAF Quality Status Report – Upper Vaal Management Area 2000 – 2005 - Riana 9 Munnik Water: The full picture of quality management & technology demand – Dries Louw 17 Fish kills in the Vaal: What went wrong? – Francois van Wyk 18 Water Pollution: The viewpoint of Eco-Care Trust – Mornē Viljoen 19 Why the fish kills in the Vaal? –Synthesis of the five preceding presentations 22 – Dr Steve Mitchell The Elands River Yellowfish Conservation Area – George McAllister 23 Status of the yellowfish populations in Limpopo Province – Paul Fouche 25 North West provincial report on the status of the yellowfish species – Daan Buijs & 34 Hermien Roux Status of yellowfish in KZN Province – Rob Karssing 40 Status of the yellowfish populations in the Western Cape – Dean Impson 44 Regional Report: Northern Cape (post meeting)– Ramogale Sekwele 50 Yellowfish conservation in the Free State Province – Pierre de Villiers 63 A bottom-up approach to freshwater conservation in the Orange Vaal River basin – 66 Pierre de Villiers Status of the yellowfish populations in Gauteng Province – Piet Muller 69 Yellowfish research: A reality to face – Dr Wynand Vlok 72 Assessing the distribution & flow requirements of endemic cyprinids in the Olifants- 86 Doring river system - Bruce Paxton Yellowfish genetics projects update – Dr Wynand Vlok on behalf of Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstruction of the Historical Distribution Ranges of Imperilled
    Received: 21 December 2018 Revised: 30 July 2019 Accepted: 26 September 2019 DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3251 RESEARCH ARTICLE Reconstruction of the historical distribution ranges of imperilled stream fishes from a global endemic hotspot based on molecular data: Implications for conservation of threatened taxa Albert Chakona1 | Gavin Gouws1 | Wilbert T. Kadye2 | Martine S. Jordaan1,3,4 | Ernst R. Swartz1 1National Research Foundation – South African Institute for Aquatic Abstract Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa 1. Understanding historical distribution patterns of freshwater fishes prior to human 2 Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries impacts is crucial for informing effective strategies for biodiversity conservation. Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa However, incomplete information on species occurrence records, the existence of 3CapeNature Scientific Services, Stellenbosch, cryptic species and sensitivity to small sample sizes limit the application of histori- South Africa cal records in natural history collections as well as conventional species distribu- 4Centre for Invasion Biology, CapeNature, Stellenbosch, South Africa tion modelling algorithms to infer past distributions of species. 2. This study used molecular data as an alternative and objective approach to recon- Correspondence Albert Chakona, National Research struct the historical distribution ranges of four stream fishes from the Breede – Foundation South African Institute for River system in the Cape Fold Ecoregion, a global hotspot of imperilled endemic Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015. Grahamstown, South Africa. freshwater biodiversity in southern Africa. Email: [email protected] 3. The study used 249 occurrence records and 208 mitochondrial cytochrome Funding information b sequences to reconstruct the potential historical ranges of four taxa: Galaxias International Foundation for Science; sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Development of an Endangered African Barb, Barbus Trevelyani (Pisces: Cyprinidae)
    Early development of an endangered African barb, Barbus trevelyani (Pisces: Cyprinidae) J. A. CAMBRAY (1) Xhe Border barb (Barbus trevelyani GUNTHER, 1877) is an endangered =Ifrican freshwafer fis11 species. B. trevelyani lvere arfificially induced fo breed using a human chorionic gonaclofrophin. Eggs were ferfilized and their developmenf (vas follolved fhrough embryonic, larval and juvenile stages. Xheir developmenfal rate and morpho- logy are described. Ferfilired eygs, 1,5 mm (l,kl,7 mm) in diamefer, were demersal and adhesive. Larvar hafched affer 2,8 days af temperatures of 17-19oC. Larual size af hafching luas 3,Y mm (3,5-4,O mm), ut yolli absorption 7,l mm and af pelvic bud formation 10,6 mm. Pigment pafferns are describecl. Larval behaviour of fhis minnorv rvas similar fo fhaf of fhe more uriclespread barb, B. anoplus. Xhe need fo sfud*y fhe early dtwlopment of more African cyprinids is discussed. KEY WORD~: Cyprinidae - Barbus frevelyani - Behaviour - Development - Endangered - Larval fish. RESUMÉ PREMIERS STADEY DU DÉVELOPPEMENT L)'UNE ESPÈCE MENAC~E DE .E&RBW XFR~CAINS, Barbus frevdya?ti (PIS~E~ : CYPRINIDAE) Barbus trevelyani GUNTHER, 1877, est une espèce de poisson d’eau douce africain menacée cle disparition. La ponte d’individus collectés dans le milierr naturel a été artificiellement provoquèe en ufilisant une gonadofropine humaine. Les neufs ont kfé fertilisés et leur développement a cfé suivi du stade embryonnaire au sfade juvénile. La vifesse du développement et la morphologie des différents sfades ont été décrites. Les nufs ferfilisés de 1,5 mm (1,d à 1,7 mm) de diamèfre sont dr’mersaux et adhésifs.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Impact Assessment
    March 2020 19121900-328397-9 APPENDIX H Biodiversity Impact Assessment REPORT Specialist Assessment for the Proposed Surface Pipeline and Associated Infrastructure - Biodiversity Impact Assessment AngloGold Ashanti (Pty) Limited South African Operations Submitted to: Anglo Gold Ashanti (Pty) Limited South African Operations Mr J van Wyk Carletonville - Fochville Road R500 Carletonville Gauteng 2501 Submitted by: Golder Associates Africa (Pty) Ltd. Building 1, Maxwell Office Park, Magwa Crescent West, Waterfall City, Midrand, 1685, South Africa P.O. Box 6001, Halfway House, 1685 +27 11 254 4800 19121900-327695-6 February 2020 February 2020 19121900-327695-6 Distribution List 1 eCopy to Anglo Gold Ashanti (Pty) Limited South African Operations 1 eCopy to [email protected] i February 2020 19121900-327695-6 Executive Summary Project overview The AGA operations in the West Wits mining lease areas are at risk of flooding due to ingress of fissure water from surrounding mining operations. Approximately 25 Mℓ/day of fissure water flows into the underground workings of the defunct Blyvooruitzicht Mine, which spans a strike of 6 km along the boundary with AGA. If dewatering at the Old Blyvooruitzicht Shafts (#4, #5 & 6#) shafts were to cease, uncontrolled fissure water would report to the AGA operations, which would pose both a flood and safety risk of AGA personnel and the mining operations. This report provides a professional opinion regarding the anticipated terrestrial, wetland and aquatic impacts from this proposed project. Location The proposed water pipeline and associated infrastructure is located approximately 80 km west of Johannesburg. It originates at CWC 4#, approximately 3.3 km south east of Carletonville and ends at the North Boundary Dam (NBD) approximately 6 km south-south-west of Carletonville in Blyvooruitzicht, Merafong City Local Municipality, West Rand District Municipality in the Gauteng Province of South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixth International Conference of the Pan African Fish and Fisheries
    SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE PAN AFRICAN FISH AND FISHERIES ASSOCIATION (PAFFA6) BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Sun N Sand Holiday Resort in Mangochi, Malawi 24th to 28th September 2018. “African Fish and Fisheries: Diversity, Conservation and Sustainable Management” About This Booklet This publication includes abstracts for oral presentations and poster presentations at the Sixth International Conference of The Pan African Fish And Fisheries Association (PAFFA6) held at Sun ‘n’ Sand Holiday Resort in Mangochi, Malawi from 24-28 September, 2018. Section One: Oral Presentations Oral presentations are grouped by conference theme. Please refer to the Conference Programme for details about date, time slot and location for each thematic session. Section Two: Poster Presentations Poster presentations are grouped by conference theme. Please refer to the Conference Programme for details about date, time slot, and location for group poster sessions. All presentations are subject to change after the printing of this publication. The 2018 PAFFA book of abstracts is sponsored by the Fisheries Integration of Society and Habitats Project (FISH) which is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Pact. "The contents, are the sole responsibility of LUANAR, Conference Organisers and Delegates and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FISH Project team and partners, USAID, or the United States Government (USG). 1 | P a g e “African Fish and Fisheries: Diversity, Conservation and Sustainable Management” KEY NOTE PRESENTATIONS – PLENARY SESSIONS (NYANJA HALL) Day 1, Monday, 24th September, 2018 Rapid Radiation of the Cichlids of Lake Malaŵi Jay R.
    [Show full text]
  • I Have Considerable Experience In
    CV- Olaf L.F. Weyl CURRICULUM VITAE Dr Olaf L.F. Weyl Professional experience May 2012 - current Principal Scientist South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa My primary research focus is on fish conservation and alien fish invasions. The research is multidisciplinary and focuses not only on describing natural systems and processes but also incorporates research on understanding how humans alter and benefit from aquatic systems. My research includes assessments of the distribution and impacts of alien fishes in aquatic ecosystems ranging from headwater streams in the Eastern Cape to estuarine Lakes in the Wilderness National Park; biological investigations on fishes in both invaded and natural environments; assessments of fisheries based on indigenous and alien fishes and, more recently the role that alien fishes play in subsistence and recreational fisheries in South Africa. My research relies on strong inter-disciplinary collaborations. Major ongoing collaborations include: (1) a SAIAB/Wageningen University/Rhodes University/University of Johannesburg research project on: assessing impacts and benefits from alien fish introductions in the Amatola region of the Eastern cape which includes social, economic, livelihoods, parasite/fish health and ecological components; (2) SAIAB/University of Namibia in assessing the dynamics of the re-colonisation of the 300km2 Lake Liambezi by Zambezi fishes after 20 year dry period; (3) University of Karlsruhe, Germany on parasitic diseases, particularly those resulting from alien invasive parasites in South African Anguillid eels; (4) SAN-Parks on assessing the impact of alien fish invasions in the Wilderness Lakes system and developing management strategies for indigenous fishes in the Addo Elephant National Park; African Parks, Zambia regarding fisheries management recommendations for the Bangweulu wetlands.
    [Show full text]
  • In Karyotip Analizi Tüli
    T.C. ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ILICA DERESİ’NDE (FATSA/ORDU) YAŞAYAN Barbus tauricus KESSLER, 1877 (PISCES; CYPRINIFORMES)’İN KARYOTİP ANALİZİ TÜLİN ATAÇ ŞAHİN YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ORDU 2015 I II III ÖZET ILICA DERESİ’NDE (FATSA, ORDU) YAŞAYAN Barbus tauricus KESSLER, 1877 (PISCES; CYPRINIFORMES)’İN KARYOTİP ANALİZİ Tülin ATAÇ ŞAHİN Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, 2015 Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 87s. Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Serkan SAYGUN Bu araştırmada, Ilıca Irmağında yaşayan Kırım Bıyıklı balığı, Barbus tauricus Kessler, 1877’in kromozom sayısı ve yapısının geleneksel boyama yöntemiyle (Giemsa) ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Sitotaksonomik ve lokalolarak ilk defa yapılan bu çalışmada, çeşitli büyüklüklerde 24 Kırım bıyıklı balığı örneği kullanılmıştır. Laboratuvarda uygun koşullarda yaşatılan her bir örnek balığın 20 gramına 1 ml % 0.1’lik kolçisin intraperitonal veya intramuskular bölgesinden enjekte edilmiştir ve 6 saat bol havalandırmalı akvaryumda bekletilmiştir. Bu süre sonunda balıklar buz şoku uygulaması ile sersemletilerek ötenazi yapıldıktan sonra disseksiyonla çıkarılan solungaç ve yüzgeç epitel dokuları taze olarak hazırlanan 0.075M KCl hipotonik solüsyonunda 30' – 45' bekletilmiştir. Flakon şişe içindeki doku parçaları üzerine 5 ml Carnoy fiksatifi (3:1 asetikasit:metanol) ilave edilmiş, 30' bekletilmiş sonrasında fiksatif dökülerek tekrar taze fiksatif koyulmuştur. Bu işlem 3 kez tekrarlandıktan sonra flakon şişelerde buzdolabında saklanmıştır. Birkaç gün sonra %50 asetik asitle doku parçaları ezilerek bir miktar hücre süspansiyonu mikrohematokrit pipeti içine çekilip 40-50°C’ ye kadar ısıtılmış lamlar üzerine yayma yapılmıştır. Kuruyan preparatlar % 5’lik Giemsa (pH 6.8) solüsyonu ile 20-30' boyanmıştır. Mikroskop altında genel olarak incelenen preparatlar içerisinde kromozomları sayım ve karyotip analizi yapmaya en uygun olanlar seçilerek fotoğrafları çekilmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • Walking the Tightrope: Trends in African Freshwater Systematic Ichthyology
    Journal of Fish Biology (2011) 79, 1413–1435 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03085.x, available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com Walking the tightrope: trends in African freshwater systematic ichthyology P. H. Skelton* and E. R. Swartz South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa Africa is blessed with an abundance and rich diversity of freshwater fishes, reflecting its Gondwanan history and geographical position astride the equator. Africa is, however, relatively poorly serviced scientifically, in this respect presenting a challenge to the tension between conserving biodiversity and sustainable development. Biosystematics has experienced several paradigm shifts in the past half century, including the rise of cladistics and more recently the adoption of molecular DNA applications to taxonomy and phylogeny and the assembly and manipulation of large data sets in an era of major development of bioinformatics. The richness of African biodiversity is a magnet to the global systematic community that, to a degree, offsets the disadvantage of an impoverished indigenous scientific capacity. Conservation biology, however, is rooted more closely to the local situation and therefore requires indigenous taxonomic services that are inevitably scarce. Balancing this network of tensions between scientific knowledge generation and application is like walking a tightrope for existing African scientific resources, and to cope it is essential to embrace modern innovative approaches such as barcoding to identify organisms. This paper considers the histori- cal development of African freshwater ichthyology, presents a suite of recent examples illustrating trends in systematic ichthyology in Africa and draws conclusions to suggest that both traditional and new-age approaches to taxonomy are necessary for a complete understanding and appreciation of African freshwater fish diversity and its conservation.
    [Show full text]