JACK the RIPPER (The Whitechapel Murders) SUSPECTS And
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Jack the Ripper: the Divided Self and the Alien Other in Late-Victorian Culture and Society
Jack the Ripper: The Divided Self and the Alien Other in Late-Victorian Culture and Society Michael Plater Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 18 July 2018 Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines late nineteenth-century public and media representations of the infamous “Jack the Ripper” murders of 1888. Focusing on two of the most popular theories of the day – Jack as exotic “alien” foreigner and Jack as divided British “gentleman” – it contends that these representations drew upon a series of emergent social and cultural anxieties in relation to notions of the “self” and the “other.” Examining the widespread contention that “no Englishman” could have committed the crimes, it explores late-Victorian conceptions of Englishness and documents the way in which the Ripper crimes represented a threat to these dominant notions of British identity and masculinity. In doing so, it argues that late-Victorian fears of the external, foreign “other” ultimately masked deeper anxieties relating to the hidden, unconscious, instinctual self and the “other within.” Moreover, it reveals how these psychological concerns were connected to emergent social anxieties regarding degeneration, atavism and the “beast in man.” As such, it evaluates the wider psychological and sociological impact of the case, arguing that the crimes revealed the deep sense of fracture, duality and instability that lay beneath the surface of late-Victorian English life, undermining and challenging dominant notions of progress, civilisation and social advancement. Situating the Ripper narrative within a broader framework of late-nineteenth century cultural uncertainty and crisis, it therefore argues that the crimes (and, more specifically, populist perceptions of these crimes) represented a key defining moment in British history, serving to condense and consolidate a whole series of late-Victorian fears in relation to selfhood and identity. -
Francis Tumblety Case Issues
Francis Tumblety Case Issues What was said of Tumblety What Tumblety said of himself What can we conclude about Francis Tumblety? Francis Tumblety Case Issues Introduction We often assume that a suspected person must have been bad one way or the other. And begin to pile up facts, assumptions, perceptions turning them into arguments, hypotheses and theories allowing us to come to a quick and familiar conclusion known in the JTR world as 'case closed, next case' Francis Tumblety Case Issues Introduction We are the product of our environment covering all its dimensions, family, society, culture, etc., the resulting mindset becomes our basic framework, even if we try to keep an open mind. This indidividual template becomes the basic tool hidden behind the way we interact with the world. Francis Tumblety Case Issues Introduction Don't ask: l Am I biased? l Is this source biased? But do ask: l What personal bias am I introducing? l What is this source’s bias? Francis Tumblety Case Issues How should we interpret sources? Francis Tumblety Case Issues The first step : conventional meaning. What one reads means what it says, nothing more than what a common understanding of a group of words, a sentence, for example, at a specific time, in a specific culture may mean. Knowing the literal meaning of each word at the time they were writtenis required. Francis Tumblety Case Issues The second step : contextual meaning The context of what is read or, to be more precise, the remaining portion of the text where the words were taken from. -
Martin Fido 1939–2019
May 2019 No. 164 MARTIN FIDO 1939–2019 DAVID BARRAT • MICHAEL HAWLEY • DAVID pinto STEPHEN SENISE • jan bondeson • SPOTLIGHT ON RIPPERCAST NINA & howard brown • THE BIG QUESTION victorian fiction • the latest book reviews Ripperologist 118 January 2011 1 Ripperologist 164 May 2019 EDITORIAL Adam Wood SECRETS OF THE QUEEN’S BENCH David Barrat DEAR BLUCHER: THE DIARY OF JACK THE RIPPER David Pinto TUMBLETY’S SECRET Michael Hawley THE FOURTH SIGNATURE Stephen Senise THE BIG QUESTION: Is there some undiscovered document which contains convincing evidence of the Ripper’s identity? Spotlight on Rippercast THE POLICE, THE JEWS AND JACK THE RIPPER THE PRESERVER OF THE METROPOLIS Nina and Howard Brown BRITAIN’S MOST ANCIENT MURDER HOUSE Jan Bondeson VICTORIAN FICTION: NO LIVING VOICE by THOMAS STREET MILLINGTON Eduardo Zinna BOOK REVIEWS Paul Begg and David Green Ripperologist magazine is published by Mango Books (www.MangoBooks.co.uk). The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in signed articles, essays, letters and other items published in Ripperologist Ripperologist, its editors or the publisher. The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items published in Ripperologist are the responsibility of Ripperologist and its editorial team, but are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, conclusions and opinions of doWe not occasionally necessarily use reflect material the weopinions believe of has the been publisher. placed in the public domain. It is not always possible to identify and contact the copyright holder; if you claim ownership of something we have published we will be pleased to make a proper acknowledgement. -
The Welshman Who Knew Mary Kelly
February/March 2018 No. 160 PAUL WILLIAMS on The Welshman Who Knew Mary Kelly STEPHEN SENISE JAN BONDESON HEATHER TWEED NINA and HOW BROWN VICTORIAN FICTION THE LATEST BOOK REVIEWS Ripperologist 118 January 2011 1 Ripperologist 160 February / March 2018 EDITORIAL: CHANGING FASTER NOT BETTER? Adam Wood THE WELSHMAN WHO KNEW MARY KELLY Paul Williams GEORGE WILLIAM TOPPING HUTCHINSON: ‘TOPPY’ Stephen Senise FROM RIPPER SUSPECT TO HYPERPEDESTRIAN: THE STRANGE CAREER OF BERESFORD GREATHEAD Jan Bondeson LULU - THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE WORLD Heather Tweed WOMAN’S WORK: AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF CAPTURING THE WHITECHAPEL MURDERER PART TWO Nina and Howard Brown VICTORIAN FICTION: THE WITHERED ARM By THOMAS HARDY Eduardo Zinna BOOK REVIEWS Paul Begg and David Green Ripperologist magazine is published by Mango Books (www.mangobooks.co.uk). The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in signed articles, essays, letters and other items published in Ripperologist Ripperologist, its editors or the publisher. The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items published in Ripperologist are the responsibility of Ripperologist and its editorial team, but are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, conclusions and opinions of doWe not occasionally necessarily use reflect material the weopinions believe of has the been publisher. placed in the public domain. It is not always possible to identify and contact the copyright holder; if you claim ownership of something we have published we will be pleased to make a proper acknowledgement. The contents of Ripperologist No. 160, February / March 2018, including the compilation of all materials and the unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items are copyright © 2018 Ripperologist/Mango Books. -
Mitre Square Revisited News Reports, Reviews and Other Items Are Copyright © 2009 Ripperologist
RIPPEROLOGIST MAGAZINE Issue 104, July 2009 QUOTE FOR JULY: Andre the Giant. Jack the Ripper. Dennis the Menace. Each has left a unique mark in his respective field, whether it be wrestling, serial killing or neighborhood mischief-making. Mr. The Entertainer has similarly ridden his own mid-moniker demonstrative adjective to the top of the eponymous entertainment field. Cedric the Entertainer at the Ryman - King of Comedy Julie Seabaugh, Nashville Scene , 30 May 2009. We would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance given by Features the following people in the production of this issue of Ripperologist: John Bennett — Thank you! Editorial E- Reading The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in signed Paul Begg articles, essays, letters and other items published in Ripperologist are those of the authors and do not necessarily Suede and the Ripper reflect the views, conclusions and opinions of Ripperologist or Don Souden its editors. The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items published in Ripperologist are the responsibility of Hell on Earth: The Murder of Marie Suchánková - Ripperologist and its editorial team. Michaela Kořistová We occasionally use material we believe has been placed in the public domain. It is not always possible to identify and contact the copyright holder; if you claim ownership of some - City Beat: PC Harvey thing we have published we will be pleased to make a prop - Neil Bell and Robert Clack er acknowledgement. The contents of Ripperologist No. 104 July 2009, including the co mpilation of al l materials and the unsigned articles, essays, Mitre Square Revisited news reports, reviews and other items are copyright © 2009 Ripperologist. -
VICTIMS 8Th September of JACK 1888 the RIPPER Born 1841
Worksheets from RJ Tarr and M. Ellis at www.activehistory.co.uk 2. THE STORY OF POLLY NICHOLS Mary Anne Nichols or ‘Polly’ as she was known to her friends was born on 26th August 1845 in Dean Street, Whitechapel. Her father, Edward Walker was a locksmith. In January 1864 she married William Nichols, a printer’s machinist. The couple went to live with Polly’s father. They stayed there about ten years. In 1874 they set up home for themselves at 6D Peabody Buildings, Stamford Street. They had five children: Edward (1866), Percy (1868), Alice (1870), Eliza (1877) and Henry (1879). Despite all the years they spent together, Polly and William’s marriage ended in 1880. Polly lived in the Lambeth workhouse from 6 September 1880 until 31 May 1881. William paid Polly an allowance of 5 shillings a week during this time until he found out that she had started living with another man. Polly’s remaining years were spent in workhouses and doss houses. Between 24th April 1882 and 24 March 1883 she lived at Lambeth workhouse. There is a gap of four years when Polly lives with her father again, but they quarrelled because Polly was a heavy drinker. She left her father and lived with a blacksmith called Thomas Drew. On 25th October 1887 she stayed at St Giles workhouse. Then, from 26 October to 2 December 1887 she stayed at the Strand Workhouse. On 19th December she returned to Lambeth workhouse but was thrown out ten days later. On 4 January 1888 she was admitted to the Mitcham Workhouse, but transferred back to Lambeth on 4 April 1888. -
The Whitechapel Murders
The Whitechapel Murders 1. Emma Elizabeth Smith - Osbourne Street 2. Martha Tabram - Gunthorpe Street The Canonical Five 3. Mary Ann Nichols - Buck’s Row 4. Annie Chapman - 29 Hanbury Street 5. Elizabeth Stride - Dutfield’s Yard 6. Catherine Eddowes – Mitre Square 7. Mary Jane Kelly - 13 Miller’s Court 8. Rose Mylett - Clarke’s Yard 9. Alice McKenzie - Castle Alley 10. The Pinchin Street Torso - Pinchin Street 11. Frances Coles – Swallow Gardens The Whitechapel Murders Of the eleven Whitechapel Murders, it is widely believed that Jack the Ripper is directly responsible for five of them. It is possible that the Ripper may have claimed more than five victims, but most experts agree that at least five of the East End murders were the work of Jack the Ripper. Emma Elizabeth Smith The first victim in the series of Whitechapel Murders was a prostitute by the name of Emma Elizabeth Smith. She was attacked and raped on Osbourn Street in Whitechapel on 3 April 1888. During the sexual assault, her attackers inserted a blunt object into her vagina, an injury which would take her life the following day. Before she died the next day at a London hospital, Smith told authorities that two or three men, one of them a teenager, were responsible for her attack. The press had linked Smith’s murder to the subsequent Whitechapel Murders, but most experts later believed that particular murder to be the result of random gang violence. Martha Tabram The next victim in the series of Whitechapel Murders was Martha Tabram, a prostitute in the East End. -
The Final Solution (1976)
When? ‘The Autumn of Terror’ 1888, 31st August- 9th November 1888. The year after Queen Victoria’s Golden jubilee. Where? Whitechapel in the East End of London. Slum environment. Crimes? The violent murder and mutilation of women. Modus operandi? Slits throats of victims with a bladed weapon; abdominal and genital mutilations; organs removed. Victims? 5 canonical victims: Mary Ann Nichols; Annie Chapman; Elizabeth Stride; Catherine Eddowes; Mary Jane Kelly. All were prostitutes. Other potential victims include: Emma Smith; Martha Tabram. Perpetrator? Unknown Investigators? Chief Inspector Donald Sutherland Swanson; Inspector Frederick George Abberline; Inspector Joseph Chandler; Inspector Edmund Reid; Inspector Walter Beck. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren. Commissioner of the City of London Police, Sir James Fraser. Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan CID, Sir Robert Anderson. Victim number 5: Victim number 2: Mary Jane Kelly Annie Chapman Aged 25 Aged 47 Murdered: 9th November 1888 Murdered: 8th September 1888 Throat slit. Breasts cut off. Heart, uterus, kidney, Throat cut. Intestines severed and arranged over right shoulder. Removal liver, intestines, spleen and breast removed. of stomach, uterus, upper part of vagina, large portion of the bladder. Victim number 1: Missing portion of Mary Ann Nicholls Catherine Eddowes’ Aged 43 apron found plus the Murdered: 31st August 1888 chalk message on the Throat cut. Mutilation of the wall: ‘The Jews/Juwes abdomen. No organs removed. are the men that will not be blamed for nothing.’ Victim number 4: Victim number 3: Catherine Eddowes Elizabeth Stride Aged 46 Aged 44 th Murdered: 30th September 1888 Murdered: 30 September 1888 Throat cut. Intestines draped Throat cut. -
Blandford Stroll 4 Historical Town
BLANDFORD STROLL 4 5 6 4 HISTORICAL TOWN 3 2 7 STOUR CROWN MEADOWS MEADOWS 1 DURATION: 1¼ miles TERRAIN: Suitable for all With grateful thanks to Blandford Rotary for sponsoring the printing of these walk guides. Thanks also to the North Dorset Rangers, Blandford Civic Society, Dorset History Centre, Blandford Library, Lorna for her IT expertise, Pat for her photos, Liz (Town Guide) for her local knowledge, Adam for his technical support and all the guinea-pigs who tried them out and improved them. evident. down Damory Street and you will soon find yourself in 1 Turn right out of the TIC . After about 50 yards East Street. Turn left here (Wimborne Road), cross 3 You are now on the corner of Whitecliff Mill cross the road and look at the information panel Damory Court Street and walk about 100 yards to St. situated at the entrance to River Mews . Street. Cross it to Salisbury Street; cross it and go uphill Leonard’s Avenue. Cross the road and next to the fire- During WW2 there was much concern that, should the (right-hand pavement) to the Ryves Alms Houses. station take the footpath to St. Leonard’s Chapel, about Germans land on the south coast, there would be little Ryves Alms Houses were built for ten elderly people of 100 yards, on the right. to stop their rapid advance inland. Blandford’s strategic the town in 1682, one of the few buildings to escape the The signboard will tell you about this leper hospital position at the first significant crossing-point of the Fire (thanks to tiles rather than thatch). -
,I I D N a P P I T\J Er Oj
,, ,I I DN A p p I t\j er r oJ . or. TUM BLETY. · er ORDER or rHE .SECRETARY or:- WAR Or THC (J. s. I - A FEW T>ASSAGES TN 'fHE T,IFE OF \ DR. FRANCIS TUMBLETY, THE INDIAN HERB DOCTOR, INOLUDINO HIS EXPERJENOE IN THE OLD CAPITOL PRISON, TO WHICH HE WAS CONSIGNED,• WITR A. WANTON DISltEGARD TO JUSTICE A.ND LmERTY, BY ORDER OF EDWIN STA-NTON, SECRETARY OF WAR. ALSO JOURNALISTIC AND DOCUJIIENTARY VINDICATION OF HIS NAME AND FAME, AND PROFESSIONAL TESTIMONIALS / RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC. CINCINNATI: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. \ 1866. C ) ' PREFACE. As, outside of my professional pursuits, my name'. for a brief period, was dragged before the public i.J1 a manner any thing but agreeable to my mental or bod- ily comfort, I have, equally in unison with the wishe:; of my friends, and with the am,ou1· p1·opre that ever~· person of an independent spirit, and a conscientiom, sense of rectitude should possess, concluded to publish the ensuing pages, not only in self-yindication, but to exhibit in its true light a persecution and despotism, in my case, that would hatdly be tolerated under th(• most absolute monarchy, and which should serve as 3 warning to all who believe in the twin truths of Lib- erty and Justice ; that eternal vigilance is the price of both, and how easy it is for unscrupulous partisan~ and ambitious men, when not restrained by the strict wishes of constitutional rights, with which the wisf' precaution of the fathers of the Republic guarded the liberties of the citizen, to trample upon the law, muzzle public sentiment, and run riot in a carnival of cruel and malignant tyranny. -
Press Releases Unique Crime Collection Giving Insight Into
Unique crime collection giving insight into Whitechapel murders to be made public for the first time The unique personal archive of the detective who led the hunt for Jack the Ripper - including a book in which he names the infamous Whitechapel murderer - will be made public for the first time after being given into the care of an independent museum. The private collection of Metropolitan Police Chief Inspector Donald Sutherland Swanson has been entrusted to the National Emergency Services Museum (NESM) in Sheffield by the former detective's family. The treasure trove lay undiscovered for decades until Swanson's descendants discovered an enormous collection of over 150 individual objects; paperwork, photographs, letters, drawings and personal belongings. Among them was what became known as 'the Swanson marginalia'; a book, annotated by Swanson, in which he names the person he believed to be the infamous killer, Jack the Ripper. The marginalia is thought to be a unique artefact revealing unknown details of the case as well as theories and notes on what evidence the Metropolitan Police had gathered - all from the pen of the inspector charged with solving the case. The marginalia, along with other items from the collection, will form part of a new exhibition, Daring Detectives & Dastardly Deeds, which will be revealed to visitors when the museum reopens on Wednesday 19 May. The exhibition, housed within NESM's original Victorian cells, explores the intriguing history of 19th crime and punishment from the bobby on the beat to the emerging science of forensics. The Swanson collection is thought to be one of the most detailed and significant of its kind. -
EXAMINER Issue 4.Pdf
Jabez Balfour THE CASEBOOK The Cattleman, Analyses The Lunatic, The Ripper & The Doctor Murders Tom Wescott issue four October 2010 JACK THE RIPPER STUDIES, TRUE CRIME & L.V.P. SOCIAL HISTORY INTERNatIONAL MAN OF MYSTERY R J Palmer concludes his examination of Inspector Andrews D M Gates Puts his stamp GOING on the 1888 Kelly Postal POStal Directory THE CASEBOOK The contents of Casebook Examiner No. 4 October 2010 are copyright © 2010 Casebook.org. The authors of issue four signed articles, essays, letters, reviews October 2010 and other items retain the copyright of their respective contributions. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication, except for brief quotations where credit is given, may be repro- CONTENTS: duced, stored in a retrieval system, The Lull Before the Storm pg 3 On The Case transmitted or otherwise circulated in any form or by any means, including Subscription Information pg 5 News From Ripper World pg 120 digital, electronic, printed, mechani- On The Case Extra Behind the Scenes in America cal, photocopying, recording or any Feature Stories pg 121 R. J. Palmer pg 6 other, without the express written per- Plotting the 1888 Kelly Directory On The Case Puzzling mission of Casebook.org. The unau- D. M. Gates pg 52 Conundrums Logic Puzzle pg 128 thorized reproduction or circulation of Jabez Balfour and The Ripper Ultimate Ripperologists’ Tour this publication or any part thereof, Murders pg 65 Canterbury to Hampton whether for monetary gain or not, is & Herne Bay, Kent pg 130 strictly prohibited and may constitute The Cattleman, The Lunatic, and copyright infringement as defined in The Doctor CSI: Whitechapel Tom Wescott pg 84 Catherine Eddowes pg 138 domestic laws and international agree- From the Casebook Archives ments and give rise to civil liability and Undercover Investigations criminal prosecution.