The Whitechapel Murders
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Jack the Ripper: the Divided Self and the Alien Other in Late-Victorian Culture and Society
Jack the Ripper: The Divided Self and the Alien Other in Late-Victorian Culture and Society Michael Plater Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 18 July 2018 Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines late nineteenth-century public and media representations of the infamous “Jack the Ripper” murders of 1888. Focusing on two of the most popular theories of the day – Jack as exotic “alien” foreigner and Jack as divided British “gentleman” – it contends that these representations drew upon a series of emergent social and cultural anxieties in relation to notions of the “self” and the “other.” Examining the widespread contention that “no Englishman” could have committed the crimes, it explores late-Victorian conceptions of Englishness and documents the way in which the Ripper crimes represented a threat to these dominant notions of British identity and masculinity. In doing so, it argues that late-Victorian fears of the external, foreign “other” ultimately masked deeper anxieties relating to the hidden, unconscious, instinctual self and the “other within.” Moreover, it reveals how these psychological concerns were connected to emergent social anxieties regarding degeneration, atavism and the “beast in man.” As such, it evaluates the wider psychological and sociological impact of the case, arguing that the crimes revealed the deep sense of fracture, duality and instability that lay beneath the surface of late-Victorian English life, undermining and challenging dominant notions of progress, civilisation and social advancement. Situating the Ripper narrative within a broader framework of late-nineteenth century cultural uncertainty and crisis, it therefore argues that the crimes (and, more specifically, populist perceptions of these crimes) represented a key defining moment in British history, serving to condense and consolidate a whole series of late-Victorian fears in relation to selfhood and identity. -
The Welshman Who Knew Mary Kelly
February/March 2018 No. 160 PAUL WILLIAMS on The Welshman Who Knew Mary Kelly STEPHEN SENISE JAN BONDESON HEATHER TWEED NINA and HOW BROWN VICTORIAN FICTION THE LATEST BOOK REVIEWS Ripperologist 118 January 2011 1 Ripperologist 160 February / March 2018 EDITORIAL: CHANGING FASTER NOT BETTER? Adam Wood THE WELSHMAN WHO KNEW MARY KELLY Paul Williams GEORGE WILLIAM TOPPING HUTCHINSON: ‘TOPPY’ Stephen Senise FROM RIPPER SUSPECT TO HYPERPEDESTRIAN: THE STRANGE CAREER OF BERESFORD GREATHEAD Jan Bondeson LULU - THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE WORLD Heather Tweed WOMAN’S WORK: AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF CAPTURING THE WHITECHAPEL MURDERER PART TWO Nina and Howard Brown VICTORIAN FICTION: THE WITHERED ARM By THOMAS HARDY Eduardo Zinna BOOK REVIEWS Paul Begg and David Green Ripperologist magazine is published by Mango Books (www.mangobooks.co.uk). The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in signed articles, essays, letters and other items published in Ripperologist Ripperologist, its editors or the publisher. The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items published in Ripperologist are the responsibility of Ripperologist and its editorial team, but are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, conclusions and opinions of doWe not occasionally necessarily use reflect material the weopinions believe of has the been publisher. placed in the public domain. It is not always possible to identify and contact the copyright holder; if you claim ownership of something we have published we will be pleased to make a proper acknowledgement. The contents of Ripperologist No. 160, February / March 2018, including the compilation of all materials and the unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items are copyright © 2018 Ripperologist/Mango Books. -
Mitre Square Revisited News Reports, Reviews and Other Items Are Copyright © 2009 Ripperologist
RIPPEROLOGIST MAGAZINE Issue 104, July 2009 QUOTE FOR JULY: Andre the Giant. Jack the Ripper. Dennis the Menace. Each has left a unique mark in his respective field, whether it be wrestling, serial killing or neighborhood mischief-making. Mr. The Entertainer has similarly ridden his own mid-moniker demonstrative adjective to the top of the eponymous entertainment field. Cedric the Entertainer at the Ryman - King of Comedy Julie Seabaugh, Nashville Scene , 30 May 2009. We would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance given by Features the following people in the production of this issue of Ripperologist: John Bennett — Thank you! Editorial E- Reading The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in signed Paul Begg articles, essays, letters and other items published in Ripperologist are those of the authors and do not necessarily Suede and the Ripper reflect the views, conclusions and opinions of Ripperologist or Don Souden its editors. The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in unsigned articles, essays, news reports, reviews and other items published in Ripperologist are the responsibility of Hell on Earth: The Murder of Marie Suchánková - Ripperologist and its editorial team. Michaela Kořistová We occasionally use material we believe has been placed in the public domain. It is not always possible to identify and contact the copyright holder; if you claim ownership of some - City Beat: PC Harvey thing we have published we will be pleased to make a prop - Neil Bell and Robert Clack er acknowledgement. The contents of Ripperologist No. 104 July 2009, including the co mpilation of al l materials and the unsigned articles, essays, Mitre Square Revisited news reports, reviews and other items are copyright © 2009 Ripperologist. -
Curse Upon Mitre Square
THETHE CURSECURSE UPONUPON MITREMITRE SQUARESQUARE BY J.F. BREWER, 1888 INTRODUCTION BY CINDY COLLINS SMITH, 2002 THE CURSE UPON MITRE SQUARE BY J.F. BREWER, 1888 INTRODUCTION BY CINDY COLLINS SMITH, 2002 published 2002 by THE CURSE UPON MITRE SQUARE Earlier print editions of this book published by: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1888 (London); John W. Lovell Co., 1889 (New York); Private printing, 1999. Current eBook edition: Introduction and Book Design, Copyright © 2002 by Cindy Collins Smith. All Rights Re- served. ISBN 0-9727448-0-0 www.hollywoodripper.com Map of Aldgate, from 1888 edition of The Curse upon Mitre Square Locations mentioned in this book, such as the Holy Trinity Priory and the Mitre Tavern, really did exist during the eras discussed. The Mitre Tavern still exists today. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Book I—The Tragedies in the Church of Holy Trinity, Aldgate Chapter 1. The Neophyte Chapter 2. The Stolen Meeting Chapter 3. Passion Exultant! Chapter 4. The Cell Chapter 5. The Tragedies at the High Altar Chapter 6. Annihilation of the Monastery Book II—Two Centuries After Chapter 1. Rumours of the Apparition Chapter 2. Merry-Making at the ‘Mitre’ Tavern Chapter 3. The Ghost Avenged Chapter 4. In Moorfields Book III—The “Year of Grace,” 1888 Chapter 1. Whitechapel Road by Day Chapter 2. Aldgate at Night INTRODUCTION OKAY, everything you’ve heard is true. The Curse Upon Mitre Square is a pulpy piece of exploitation trash. Think Elvis clones. Think Alien advisors to the White House. Think Batboy. Think entertainment value. Written and published in October 1888, this first piece of Jack the Ripper fiction exploits the recent and ghastly murder of Catherine Eddowes in Mitre Square, but makes no pretense of actually solving the Ripper case. -
Jack the Ripper
Year 8 Home Learning, January 2021 (Jack the Ripper) th Lesson 2: What was Whitechapel like in the 19 Century? LO: To be able to explain what the conditions of Whitechapel, London were like at the time of the Ripper murders. Success criteria: ❑ I can describe the events of the Jack the Ripper case. ❑ I can explain what it was like in Whitechapel in the 1800s ❑ I can analyse why these conditions might have had an impact on the Jack the Ripper case. Suggested video links: ● (Jack the Ripper story): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ofnp-zucJxE th ● (18 Century Whitechapel): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQQCBZdnkdY Key takeaway knowledge: • East end London was poor • Whitechapel in the east end was extremely poor • People lived in cramped housing • There was lots of crime • Life was extremely difficult Year 8 Home Learning, January 2021 (Jack the Ripper) Main activity Summarise the story of the murders by summarising each paragraph in 1-2 bullet points on the right-hand side, then give each paragraph a title on the left-hand side. Paragraph The story of Jack the Ripper from the BBC Summarise in 1 title or 2 bullet points. The identity of the killer of five - or possibly six - women in the East End of London in 1888 has remained a mystery, but the case has continued to horrify and fascinate. Between August and November 1888,the Whitechapel area of London was the scene of five brutal murders. The killer was dubbed 'Jack the Ripper'. All the women murdered were prostitutes, and all except for one - Elizabeth Stride - were horribly mutilated. -
Whitechapel's Wax Chamber of Horrors, 1888
Whitechapel’s Wax Chamber of Horrors, 1888 By MIKE HAWLEY A waxwork ‘chamber of horrors’1 museum exhibiting ‘vilely executed waxen figures’2 of the most notorious homicides of Victorian times operated in 1888 at just a few minutes’ walking distance from the location of the Mary Ann Nichols murder scene. The museum’s main attraction were images of the Ripper victims which were added to the display as they were murdered! By February 1889, the museum displayed a total of six images of the murdered women,3 beginning with the unfortunate Martha Tabram, who had met her death on 7 August 1888. In his 1892 memoirs, Worship Street Police Court Magistrate Montague Williams recalled his walk through this chamber of horrors in early September 1888: There lay a horrible presentment in wax of Matilda Turner [Martha Tabram], the first victim, as well as one of Mary Ann Nichols, whose body was found in Buck’s Row. The heads were represented as being nearly severed from the bodies, and in each case there were shown, in red paint, three terrible gashes reaching from the abdomen to the ribs.4 Not only did the proprietor of the waxwork museum operate a chamber of horrors, but he also offered live entertainment nightly in the adjacent building.5 Ever cognizant of the money-making formula consisting of, first, satisfying the public’s desire for vice - in this case violence against women – and, secondly, adding a pinch of sex, the proprietor had as the main attraction of the show a tough young lady named Miss Juanita. -
Dalley Quinci Jack the Ripper
Jack the Ripper BY: QUINCI DALLEY Who was Jack the Ripper u Was an unidentified serial killer u He terrorized the impoverished towns of London in1888 u Nicknamed the Whitechapel Murderer and the Leather Apron When u Terrorized the streets of London in 1888 u First Murder: August 7th u Last: September 10th Victims u Typically female prostitutes from the slums of London u Young to middle age women u At least five women Victims u Mary Ann Nichols u Annie Chapman u Elizabeth Stride u Catherine Eddowes u Mary Jane Kelly u Known as the Canonical 5 How Women Were Killed Slit their throats Removed the internal organs from at least three women Murders u Conducted late at night u Typically close to the end of each month u Murders became more brutal as time went on Investigation u A large team of policemen went from house to house to investigate throughout Whitechapel u They followed the same steps as modern police work u More than 2,000 people were interviewed u About 300 people were investigated u 80 people were detained u But they never found the perpetrator Suspects Since 1888 100 suspects have been named Making Jack the Ripper and his legacy live on Walter Sickert u Many different theories about Jack the Ripper’s identity were brought forth u One being Victorian Painter Walter Sickert u Polish Migrant u Grandson to Queen Victoria Letters u Letters were allegedly sent from the killer to the London Police u These were to taunt the officers u Talked of gruesome actions and more murders to come Letters u The name “Jack the Ripper” came from the -
Jack the Ripper the Massacre of London
Jack the Ripper The Massacre of London “Jack the Ripper” was the world’s first famous serial killer, who killed five prostitutes in England’s capital London more than a hundred years ago. In those days, London was still the biggest city of the world, and the “East End”, where the murders took place, was the hugest slum of England’s capital. London’s “East End” was known for the place where prostitutes and poor people lived in tiny little streets. It was a rather unpleasant place to live; unemployment and low wages brought poverty and homelessness, and a general feeling of desperation provoked the air. Robbery and assault were commonplace, and gangs ruled the streets. It was the murderer Jack the Ripper, who managed to scare London’s inhabitants to death for about three months. At that time, the fatal disease “pest” was the reason why so many people lost their lives. The murders happened between the sixth of August and the ninth of November, every time at night between eleven o’clock and four o’clock in the morning; his victims were only women who sold their bodies to men in the streets, called prostitutes. The whole Jack-the-Ripper-Story began on Friday, 31st August 1888, when the dead body of the first acknowledged Ripper victim was found in London’s East End. It was a woman called Mary Ann Nichols, also known as Polly, who worked as a prostitute and lived from 1845-1888. After having had a drink in the pup “Frying Pan” in Brick Lane / Whitechapel in the early morning of 31st August 1888, Polly left this place at about 0:30a.m. -
Whitechapel, C.1870-C.1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner City
Whitechapel, c.1870-c.1900: crime, policing and the inner city. Booth’s Poverty map, 1888, showing the location of the five Ripper murders and of the Eddowes apron / “Juwes” message (Goulston Street). 1 The local context of Whitechapel. Generally: Whitechapel, in the East-End of London, was one of its poorest districts; 30,000 people lived there (176,000 lived in the bigger police Whitechapel H-Division area). Middle classes. Although Whitechapel was marked by poverty, there were businesses and richer inhabitants as well. Usually they lived and traded along the larger roads such as Whitechapel Road and Commercial Road. Pollution and poor sanitation: London suffered from terrible pollution from coal and gas fumes and industries (e.g. the London Smog was a soot-laden fog that severely restricted visibility and caused death from impeded respiration / breathing); Sewerage and sanitation was poor and healthy drinking water unreliable, both causing diseases such as typhus and cholera. Work: Much of the work in Whitechapel was casual or sweated labour: o casual labour – such as in the docks or in construction – meant that workers were employed a day at a time: no job or income security; o sweated labour meant work in cramped, dusty and unhealthy “sweatshops” for low wages in “sweated trades”, e.g. tailoring, dress and shoe making. The Board of Trade was responsible for work conditions / inspections of work premises. Activity: Read the information on page 2 and complete the mind map identifying the key points under the headings below. Population Housing in Middle Work Whitechapel classes Pollution and poor sanitation, etc. -
Historical Study – Crime and Punishment East End of London Overarching Question: Why Was the East End of London Significant in Highlighting the Need for Change?
Historical study – Crime and Punishment East End of London Overarching question: Why was the East End of London significant in highlighting the need for change? Key features of the Opportunities for Changes to policing: East End of London in the Victorian era: crime: • Beat policing problems • Housing Rookeries/Lodging • Investigative policing • Overcrowding houses • Whitechapel murders • Dirty Ale • Press coverage • Death rates • Poverty houses/alcoholism • Pressures to reform • Unemployment Prostitution living conditions • Workhouses Gangs • Pressures to reform • Dark/Foggy Attacks on Jews policing Poor policing Key features of the East End of London in the Victorian era: • Housing - 1 million people lived in East end, houses divided into apartments (cheaper rents but packed in), poorest lived in lodging houses which were used in three 8 hour shifts per day. • Overcrowding – whole families lived in single rooms, Whitechapel was very densely populated. • Dirty – rags covered broken windows, rat and insect infested, little ventilation, water from shared pipes, very little sanitation • Death rates – annually 50 in 1000 in Whitechapel (double the rest of London). Two out of every ten children died. TB, Rickets and scarlet fever common. • Poverty – 1/3 lived in poverty • Unemployment – many worked in dark and dusty sweatshops, many show makers, tailors, dock workers but hours were long and wages low. Many also unemployed. • Workhouses – those who couldn’t rely on a steady income ended up in workhouse (often those too young, too old or unwell. Whitechapel workhouse was last resort, it was very strict, families separated, hard labour. • Dark/Foggy – from coal dust, thick fog from moist air of Thames, poor street lighting, very poor visibility. -
Hanging the Servant Girl to Hunting the Ripper: the Victorian Birth of the True Crime Genre Set
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2016 Hanging the Servant Girl to Hunting the Ripper: The icV torian Birth of the True Crime Genre Jonathan G. Brown Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in English at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Brown, Jonathan G., "Hanging the Servant Girl to Hunting the Ripper: The ictV orian Birth of the True Crime Genre" (2016). Masters Theses. 2432. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2432 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Graduate School~ EA5rERJ;I illiNOIS UNIVERSITY" Thesis Maintenance and Reproduction Certificate FOR: Graduate Candidates Completing Theses in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree Graduate Faculty Advisors Directing the Theses RE: Preservation, Reproduction, and Distribution of Thesis Research Preserving, reproducing, and distributing thesis research is an important part of Booth Library's responsibility to provide access to scholarship. In order to further this goal, Booth Library makes all graduate theses completed as part of a degree program at Eastern Illinois University available for personal study, research, and other not-for-profit educational purposes. Under 17 U.S.C. § 108, the library may reproduce and distribute a copy without infringing on copyright; however, professional courtesy dictates that permission be requested from the author before doing so. Your signatures affirm the following: • The graduate candidate is the author of this thesis. -
Geographic Profiling : Target Patterns of Serial Murderers
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILING: TARGET PATTERNS OF SERIAL MURDERERS Darcy Kim Rossmo M.A., Simon Fraser University, 1987 DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the School of Criminology O Darcy Kim Rossmo 1995 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY October 1995 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Darcy Kim Rossmo Degree: ' Doctor of Philosophy Title of Dissertation: Geographic Profiling: Target Patterns of Serial Murderers Examining Committee: Chair: Joan Brockrnan, LL.M. d'T , (C I - Paul J. ~>ahtin~harp~~.,Dip. Crim. Senior Supervisor Professor,, School of Criminology \ I John ~ow&an,PhD Professor, School of Criminology John C. Yuille, PhD Professor, Department of Psychology Universim ofJritish Columbia I I / u " ~odcalvert,PhD, P.Eng. Internal External Examiner Professor, Department of Computing Science #onald V. Clarke, PhD External Examiner Dean, School of Criminal Justice Rutgers University Date Approved: O&Zb& I 3, 1 9 9.5' PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser Universi the right to lend my thesis, pro'ect or extended essay (the title o? which is shown below) to users otJ the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies.