Tamralipta : the Ancient Port in Odisha
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The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
History, Sculpture and Culture of Raghunath Jew Temple of Raghunath Bari, East Midnapore, India - a Photographic Essay
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 144 (2020) 397-413 EISSN 2392-2192 History, Sculpture and Culture of Raghunath Jew Temple of Raghunath Bari, East Midnapore, India - A Photographic Essay Prakash Samanta1, Pijus Kanti Samanta2,* 1Department of Environmental Science, Directorate of Distance Education, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India 2Department of Physics (PG & UG), Prabhat Kumar College, Contai - 721404, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Among the old temples which are under the Kashijora Pargana, Raghunath Jew temple (also known as Thakurbari) is very remarkable for its sculpture and culture of seventeenth century. This is a very old temple in the worship of Goddess Rama-Sita. The temple is a unique with its ancient constructions, and sculpture in its walls, and columns. A festival in the worship of lord Rama is held every year on Dashera and runs over a month. People of all community, caste and culture assemble in this festival. This festival also helps to develop the economy of not only the temple authority but also the people of the surrounding villages. The Ratha (Chariot), which runs in the day of Dashera, is very unique in the entire Midnapore district. It is made up of wood and contains several sculptural designs. Although there is as such no detailed historical record of this temple but still it is silently preserving the culture of the ancient Bengal over last three centuries. Keywords: Kashijora Pargana, Temple, Chariot, Archaeology, Bengal ( Received 24 March 2020; Accepted 15 April 2020; Date of Publication 16 April 2020 ) World Scientific News 144 (2020) 397-413 1. -
Journal of History
Vol-I. ' ",', " .1996-97 • /1 'I;:'" " : ",. I ; \ '> VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY Journal of History S.C.Mukllopadhyay Editor-in-Chief ~artment of History Vidyasagar University Midnapore-721102 West Bengal : India --------------~ ------------ ---.........------ I I j:;;..blished in June,1997 ©Vidyasagar University Copyright in articles rests with respective authors Edi10rial Board ::::.C.Mukhopadhyay Editor-in-Chief K.K.Chaudhuri Managing Editor G.C.Roy Member Sham ita Sarkar Member Arabinda Samanta Member Advisory Board • Prof.Sumit Sarkar (Delhi University) 1 Prof. Zahiruddin Malik (Aligarh Muslim University) .. <'Jut". Premanshu Bandyopadhyay (Calcutta University) . hof. Basudeb Chatterjee (Netaji institute for Asian Studies) "hof. Bhaskar Chatterjee (Burdwan University) Prof. B.K. Roy (L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga) r Prof. K.S. Behera (Utkal University) } Prof. AF. Salauddin Ahmed (Dacca University) Prof. Mahammad Shafi (Rajshahi University) Price Rs. 25. 00 Published by Dr. K.K. Das, Registrar, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore· 721102, W. Bengal, India, and Printed by N. B. Laser Writer, p. 51 Saratpalli, Midnapore. (ii) ..., -~- ._----~~------ ---------------------------- \ \ i ~ditorial (v) Our contributors (vi) 1-KK.Chaudhuri, 'Itlhasa' in Early India :Towards an Understanding in Concepts 1 2.Bhaskar Chatterjee, Early Maritime History of the Kalingas 10 3.Animesh Kanti Pal, In Search of Ancient Tamralipta 16 4.Mahammad Shafi, Lost Fortune of Dacca in the 18th. Century 21 5.Sudipta Mukherjee (Chakraborty), Insurrection of Barabhum -
Other Places
H A L D I A Haldia Dock Complex was commissioned as a Bulk Handling Dock System of KoPT in 1977 on the confluence of two rivers Hooghly and Haldi. It is an impounded dock system operated by a single Lock Entrance of 330 metres length and 39 metres in width. In the year 2003-2004, Haldia Dock Complex has handled 32.5 million metric ton of sea-borne Cargo out of which 14.05 moved by Rail. In the year 2004-05 (April to October) Haldia Dock Complex has handled 20.4 million metric ton out of which the rail share is 8.23 million metric ton. Haldia Port now holds 4th position as far as volume of traffic handled is concerned, amongst major Ports of India. Connectivity : Direct EMU service from Howrah (H 601) and Suburban EMU service and Mail Express (7045, 8030) upto Mecheda and then by road to Haldia via Tamluk. T A M L U K Ancient Tamralipta & Goddess Bargabhima Temple : The principal object of interest in the Tamluk town is the temple of Bargabhima, which represents ‘Tara’, one form of Sakti …… situated on the banks of the Rupnarayan river. Some say that it was built by Biswakarma, the engineer of the gods. The temple is on a raised platform accessible by a flight of stairs consisting of 22 steps. The skill and ingenuity displayed in the construction of the temple still attracts admiration. The idol is formed from a single block of stone with the hands and feet attached to it. The goddess is represented standing on the body of Siva, and has four hands. -
Digha Railway Station
SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY KHARAGPUR DIVISION DIGHA RAILWAY STATION About Digha Digha is a seaside resort town in the state of West Bengal, India. It lies in Purba Medinipur district and at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal. It has a low gradient with a shallow sand beach. It is the most popular sea resort in West Bengal. Digha is a terminal railway station on the Tamluk-Digha branch line. The railway station is near New Digha beach. Country : India State : West Bengal Location : Digha - Chandaneswar Road, Digha, Purba Midnapur Languages [Official] : Bengali, Hindi, English Time zone : IST (UTC+5:30) Elevation : 6 m (20 ft) Co-ordinates : 21° 37' 22'' N Owned by : Indian Railway Operated by : South Eastern Railway Division(s) : Kharagpur Division Line(s) : Tamluk-Digha Branch Line Platforms : 03 (Three) Tracks : 03 (Three) Station Code : DGHA Zone(s): Kolkata Suburban Railway History Originally, there was a place called Beerkul, where Digha lies today. This name was referred in Warren Hastings's letters (1780) as Brighton of the East. An English businessman John Frank Snaith started living here in 1923 and his writings provided a good exposure to this place. He convinced West Bengal Chief Minister Bidhan Chandra Roy to develop this place to be a beach resort. An old Church is well famous in Digha, which can be seen near the Old Digha Main gate this place is also known as Alankarpur Digha. A new mission has been developed in New Digha which is known as Sindhur Tara which is beside Amrabati Park its a Church where you can wish for the welfare of your family and loved ones. -
Purba Mednipur Merit List
NATIONAL MEANS‐CUM ‐MERIT SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION,2020 PAGE NO.1/82 GOVT. OF WEST BENGAL DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL DISTRICT AND NAME WISE MERIT LIST OF SELECTED CANDIDATES CLASS‐VIII NAME OF ADDRESS OF ADDRESS OF QUOTA UDISE NAME OF SCHOOL DISABILITY MAT SAT SLNO ROLL NO. THE THE THE GENDER CASTE TOTAL DISTRICT CODE THE SCHOOL DISTRICT STATUS MARKS MARKS CANDIDATE CANDIDATE SCHOOL DHANYASRI K.C. HIGH SARBERIA,NARAYA SCHOOL, VILL- NDARI,BHAGWANPU UTTAR DHANYASRI K.C. HIGH PURBA 1 123205017226 ABHIJIT MANDAL 19190710003 DHANYASRI,P.O- M GENERAL NONE 58 65 123 R , PURBA DINAJPUR SCHOOL MEDINIPUR SRIKRISHNAPUR, PIN- MEDINIPUR 721655 721659 DEBIPUR,DEBIPUR, DEBIPUR MILAN ABHIMANYU NANDIGRAM , PURBA DEBIPUR MILAN VIDYAPITH, DEBIPUR, PURBA 2 123205011155 19191206002 M SC NONE 53 40 93 MONDAL PURBA MEDINIPUR MEDINIPUR VIDYAPITH NANDIGRAM, PIN- MEDINIPUR 721650 721650 PANCHPUKURIA,KA DAKSHIN MOYNA HIGH LIKADARI,MOYNA , PURBA DAKSHIN MOYNA HIGH SCHOOL (H.S.), PURBA 3 123205016015 ABHINABA DAS 19190105602 M GENERAL NONE 60 70 130 PURBA MEDINIPUR MEDINIPUR SCHOOL (H.S.) VILL+P.O-D. MOYNA, MEDINIPUR 721642 PIN-721629 KALAGACHIA J. RAMCHAK,RAMCHA PURBA KALAGACHIA J. VIDYAPITH, VILL VILL- PURBA 4 123205004150 ABHISHEK DAS K,KHEJURI , PURBA 19191707804 M SC NONE 63 55 118 MEDINIPUR VIDYAPITH KALAGACHIA PIN- MEDINIPUR MEDINIPUR 721431 721432, PIN-721432 TENTULBARI JATINDRANARAYAN CHINGURDANIA,CHI TENTULBARI VIDYALAY, VILL- ABHRADIP NGURDANIA,KHEJU PURBA PURBA 5 123205004156 19191703601 JATINDRANARAYAN TENTULBARI, P.O.- M SC NONE 51 49 100 BARMAN RI , PURBA MEDINIPUR MEDINIPUR VIDYALAY TIKASHI, P.S.- MEDINIPUR 721430 KHEJURI, PIN-721430, PIN-721430 NAMALBARH,NAMA BHOGPUR K.M. HIGH LBARH,KOLAGHAT , PURBA BHOGPUR K.M. -
Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya Vill
TAMRALIPTA MAHAVIDYALAYA VILL. - ABASBARI, P.O. - TAMLUK, DIST. - PURBA MEDINIPUR WEST BENGAL – 721 636 List of Equipments NIT NO-WBDHE /TM/eNIT-02/2019-20(2nd Call) Parameter Commercial/ Business Desktop Computer Quantity Bidder's to fillup the Compliance in (Approx.) Details ( only YES or NO is not Acceptable and will be Rejected Summarily ) Make HP/ Dell/ Lenovo only Model Vendor To Specify CPU Intel® 8th Generation Core™ i7 or Higher Chipset Intel B / Q Series Chipset or higher Bus Architecture 2 PCI Express (PCIe) or Higher Memory 4GB, UDIMM, DDR4-2666, extendable upto 32 GB Hard Disk 1TB (1000GB) 7200 rpm SATA 6Gbps or Higher Monitor TCO 7.0 certified 19.5 inch, 1600 x 900 LED Digital colour monitor Keyboard 104 Keys with USB interface Mouse Optical scroll Mouse with USB interface Graphics Intel UHD Graphics 630 Port Minimum (6) USB 3.1 Gen 1, (4) USB 2.0, (1) VGA, (1) DP, (1) HDMI, (1) RJ-45, Audio Cabinet Tower (15 Ltr or Higher) Networking 10/100/1000 On board integrated network port with remote booting facility, remote wake up, TPM enabled 1.2 chip using any Standard Management Software 53 OS Pre Loaded Windows 10 SL Original Licensed Version (Fifty Three) Environment ENERGY STAR 7.0 ; EPEAT Silver rating; GREENGUARD ; RoHS-compliant Power 180 watts, autosensing, 85% PSU or Higher Cables and Dust Good Quality Cables must be included Plug 1x VGA Cable for monitor to PC 1x HDMI Cable for monitor to PC 1x DP Cable for monitor to PC 2x Power Cable included. Dust Plug Complete Set (for USB, VGA, HDMI, DP and RJ45 Port ) Warranty 3 years Comprehensive onsite warranty on Desktop PC & Monitor Authorization Tender Specific Authorization Needed from OEM Brochure Need Brochure of the Respective Quoted Model UPS Make APC/BPE/Iball only Model Vendor To Specify INPUT Voltage (VAC) 100~300VAC Load Dependent Frequency (Hz) 50 / 60Hz ± 10Hz Auto Sensing OUTPUT Voltage AVR Mode 200-245V 53 Voltage Battery 230VAC 10% Mode (Fifty Three) Frequency (Hz) on 50/60Hz ± 0 1Hz Battery Waveform Simulated Sine Wave No. -
Udânavarga: a Collection of Verses from the Buddhist Canon
V-Z.^^ LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY PRINCETON, N. J. ' Division XjXrrS^ I Section .\Xj.rX: l\ I vJ i g,Cv — — TRUBNER'8 ORIENTAL SERIES. " A knowledge of the commonplace, at least, of Oriental literature, philo- sojihy, and religion is as necessary to the general reader of the present daj' as an acquaintance with the Latin and Gi-eek classics was a generation or so ago. Immense strides have been made within the present century in tliese branches of learning; Sanskrit has been brought within the range of accurate philology, and its invaluable ancient literature thoroughly investigated ; the language and sacred books of the Zoi'oastrians have been laid bare ; Egyptian, Assyrian, and other records of the remote past have been deciphered, and a group of scholars speak of still more recondite Accadian and Hittite monu- ments ; but the results of all the scliolarship that has been devoted to these subjects have been almost inaccessible to the public because they were con- tained for the most part in learned or expensive works, or scattered through- out the numbers of scientific periodicals. Messrs. Tkubneu & Co., in a spirit of enterpiise wliich does them infinite credit, have determined to supply the constantly-increasing want, and to give in a popular, or, at least, a compre- hensive form, all this mass of knowledge to the world." Times. NOW BEADY, Post 8vo, lip. 568, with Map, cloth, price 16s. THE INDIAN EMPIRE : ITS HISTORY, PEOPLE, AND PRODUCTS. Being a revised form of the article "India," in the "Imperial Gazetteer," remodelled into chapters, brought up to date, and incorporating the general results of the Census of 1881. -
District Handbook Murshidabad
CENSUS 1951 W.EST BENGAL DISTRICT HANDBOOKS MURSHIDABAD A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent ot Census OPerations and Joint Development Commissioner, West Bengal ~ted by S. N. Guha Ray, at Sree Saraswaty Press Ltd., 32, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta-9 1953 Price-Indian, Rs. 30; English, £2 6s. 6<1. THE CENSUS PUBLICATIONS The Census Publications for West Bengal, Sikkim and tribes by Sudhansu Kumar Ray, an article by and Chandernagore will consist of the following Professor Kshitishprasad Chattopadhyay, an article volumes. All volumes will be of uniform size, demy on Dbarmapuja by Sri Asutosh Bhattacharyya. quarto 8i" x II!,' :- Appendices of Selections from old authorities like Sherring, Dalton,' Risley, Gait and O'Malley. An Part lA-General Report by A. Mitra, containing the Introduction. 410 pages and eighteen plates. first five chapters of the Report in addition to a Preface, an Introduction, and a bibliography. An Account of Land Management in West Bengal, 609 pages. 1872-1952, by A. Mitra, contajning extracts, ac counts and statistics over the SO-year period and Part IB-Vital Statistics, West Bengal, 1941-50 by agricultural statistics compiled at the Census of A. Mitra and P. G. Choudhury, containing a Pre 1951, with an Introduction. About 250 pages. face, 60 tables, and several appendices. 75 pages. Fairs and Festivals in West Bengal by A. Mitra, con Part IC-Gener.al Report by A. Mitra, containing the taining an account of fairs and festivals classified SubSidiary tables of 1951 and the sixth chapter of by villages, unions, thanas and districts. With a the Report and a note on a Fertility Inquiry con foreword and extracts from the laws on the regula ducted in 1950. -
Socio- Political and Administrative History of Ancient India (Early Time to 8Th-12Th Century C.E)
DDCE/History (M.A)/SLM/Paper-XII Socio- Political and Administrative History of Ancient India (Early time to 8th-12th Century C.E) By Dr. Binod Bihari Satpathy 0 CONTENT SOCIO- POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA (EARLY TIME TO 8th-12th CENTURIES C.E) Unit.No. Chapter Name Page No Unit-I. Political Condition. 1. The emergence of Rajput: Pratiharas, Art and Architecture. 02-14 2. The Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta: Their role in history, 15-27 Contribution to art and culture. 3. The Pala of Bengal- Polity, Economy and Social conditions. 28-47 Unit-II Other political dynasties of early medieval India. 1. The Somavamsis of Odisha. 48-64 2. Cholas Empire: Local Self Government, Art and Architecture. 65-82 3. Features of Indian Village System, Society, Economy, Art and 83-99 learning in South India. Unit-III. Indian Society in early Medieval Age. 1. Social stratification: Proliferation of castes, Status of women, 100-112 Matrilineal System, Aryanisation of hinterland region. 2. Religion-Bhakti Movements, Saivism, Vaishnavism, Tantricism, 113-128 Islam. 3. Development of Art and Architecture: Evolution of Temple Architecture- Major regional Schools, Sculpture, Bronzes and 129-145 Paintings. Unit-IV. Indian Economy in early medieval age. 1. General review of the economic life: Agrarian and Urban 146-161 Economy. 2. Indian Feudalism: Characteristic, Nature and features. 162-180 Significance. 3. Trade and commerce- Maritime Activities, Spread of Indian 181-199 Culture abroad, Cultural Interaction. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is pleasure to be able to complete this compilation work. containing various aspects of Ancient Indian History. This material is prepared with an objective to familiarize the students of M.A History, DDCE Utkal University on the various aspcets of India’s ancient past. -
Ancient Israel
Abstract: The Bible shares its geography with geographies of all world religious literature; with geographies of all world epics and mythologies; with geographies of Alexander‘s India invasion records, Asoka‘ Rock Edicts, Ptolemy‘s Maps and his Geography, the Periplus, Pliny‘s Natural History, and with geographies of all ancient travellers‘ accounts. The Bible identifies the ‗first land‘ where all ancient monarchies appeared and disappeared. This land was at the ‗centre‘ of the earth where men and women walked with company of Gods. Great-Flood separated them from their ancient lands. In the ‗first land‘ ancient Israel finds its roots as an integral part of ‗ancient India‘. The distance between certain facts of ancient history, and the myths and legends disappears here. It becomes the meeting ground of all human civilizations. Humans‘ faith believes in geographical proclamation on Gods‘ real abode on earth, and man‘s first appearance on it. In its skeletons‘ museum, the ―first land‖ lives on the southern sea shore of Odisha near the Sun Temple at Konark remembering perpetual partnership of Gods with humans. It is discovery of the ―first land of human civilization‖ where every recorded primordial thing on humans‘ journey on earth, happened. Ancient Israel : Ancient Israel was an Integral part of ‘Ancient India’ & the ‘First Land of Human Civilization’ : By Akhil Kumar Sahoo Retd. Prof. Hebrew and its Geography: Meaning of Hebrew is linked to plains of Mamre(Gn.13:18; 14:13, 19:1 etc) where Abraham the Hebrew lived. Plains of Mamre where Amorites then dwelt was also called plain of Hebron (Gn. -
Annexure 1 Buddhist Cultural Trails
ANNEXURE 1 BUDDHIST CULTURAL TRAILS There are many routes which are a part of Cultural Trails linking South Asia internally and externally. There are routes of pilgrims to visit the important Buddhist sites associated with the Sakyamuni Buddha, monks who went in search of Buddhist texts and information, construction of Buddhist temples due to the prosperity of trade routes, etc. Some of these routes are based on information provided by Dr. Roland Silva in his Keynote address at the SAARC International Conference on “Archaeology of Buddhism Recent Discoveries in South Asia” held from 22nd to 24th August 2012. There are many Buddhist Cultural Trails within Member State yet to be identified and the well-known BCTs include the following: 1. The paths of the Buddha – Lumbini (Nepal), Bodh Gaya, Saranath and Kusinara (India). 2. Sites of Relics of Buddha – Ramagrama (Nepal), Rajagriha, Vaishali, Kapilavastu, Allakappa, Vethadipaka, Pava, Kusinara and Pipphalavana (India). 3. The way of Arahat Mahinda – Pataliputra, Sanchi (India), Mihintale and Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka). 4. The path of Theri Sanghamitta – Pataliputra, Bodh Gaya, Tamralipti (India), Dambakolapatuna, Tivakka Bamunu Grama, Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka). 5. The Fa Xian (Fa Hsien) Route – Chang’an, Dunhuang, Karashar, Khotan (Xinjiang Province, P.R. of China), Udyana, Peshawar (Pakistan), Nagarahara (Afghanistan), Punjab, Mathura, Sankissa, Sravasti, Kapilavastu, Vaisali, Magadh, Rajagriha, Bodh Gaya, Varanasi, Pataliputra, Tamralipti (India), Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka), Jiaozhou, Nanjing, Chang’an (China). 6. The Xuanzang (Hsuan Tsang) Route – Chang’an, Kuche (P.R. of China), Kapisa, Balkh, Bamiyan, Nagarahara (Afghanistan), Maniyakkala, Udyana, Taxila (Pakistan), Jalandhar, Kanyakubja, Ayodhya, Sravasti, Kapilavastu, Kusinara, Varanasi, Vaisali, Pataliputra, Bodh Gaya, Rajagriha, Nalanda (India), Samatata, Karnasuvarna (Bangladesh), Tamralipti, Kanchipuram, Konkan, Maharastra, Malwa (India), frontiers of Persia and Nalanda.