Field Trip Guidebook FT-C1 / Open File OF2013-8: the Tanco Mine
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Solvent Extraction of Scandium from Pregnant Leach Solution of Nickel Laterite
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF SCANDIUM FROM PREGNANT LEACH SOLUTION OF NICKEL LATERITE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ECE FERİZOĞLU IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING SEPTEMBER 2017 Approval of the thesis: SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF SCANDIUM FROM PREGNANT LEACH SOLUTION OF NICKEL LATERITES submitted by Ece FERİZOĞLU partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver _________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Hakan Gür _________________ Head of Department, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Prof. Dr. Rıza Gürbüz _________________ Supervisor, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Yavuz A. Topkaya _________________ Co-Supervisor, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. İshak Karakaya _________________ Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., METU Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Rıza Gürbüz _________________ Prof. Dr. Yavuz A. Topkaya _________________ Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Metehan ERDOĞAN _________________ Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., Yıldırım Beyazıt University Prof. Dr. Ümit Atalay _________________ Mining Engineering Dept., -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Thirty-Fourth List of New Mineral Names
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1986, VOL. 50, PP. 741-61 Thirty-fourth list of new mineral names E. E. FEJER Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD THE present list contains 181 entries. Of these 148 are Alacranite. V. I. Popova, V. A. Popov, A. Clark, valid species, most of which have been approved by the V. O. Polyakov, and S. E. Borisovskii, 1986. Zap. IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, 115, 360. First found at Alacran, Pampa Larga, 17 are misspellings or erroneous transliterations, 9 are Chile by A. H. Clark in 1970 (rejected by IMA names published without IMA approval, 4 are variety because of insufficient data), then in 1980 at the names, 2 are spelling corrections, and one is a name applied to gem material. As in previous lists, contractions caldera of Uzon volcano, Kamchatka, USSR, as are used for the names of frequently cited journals and yellowish orange equant crystals up to 0.5 ram, other publications are abbreviated in italic. sometimes flattened on {100} with {100}, {111}, {ill}, and {110} faces, adamantine to greasy Abhurite. J. J. Matzko, H. T. Evans Jr., M. E. Mrose, lustre, poor {100} cleavage, brittle, H 1 Mono- and P. Aruscavage, 1985. C.M. 23, 233. At a clinic, P2/c, a 9.89(2), b 9.73(2), c 9.13(1) A, depth c.35 m, in an arm of the Red Sea, known as fl 101.84(5) ~ Z = 2; Dobs. 3.43(5), D~alr 3.43; Sharm Abhur, c.30 km north of Jiddah, Saudi reflectances and microhardness given. -
A Review of Rare-Element (Li-Cs-Ta) Pegmatite Exploration Techniques for the Superior Province, Canada, and Large Worldwide Tantalum Deposits
Exploration and Mining Geology, Vol. 14, Nos. 1-4, pp. 1-30, 2005 © 2006 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. 0964-1823/00 $17.00 + .00 A Review of Rare-Element (Li-Cs-Ta) Pegmatite Exploration Techniques for the Superior Province, Canada, and Large Worldwide Tantalum Deposits JULIE B. SELWAY, FREDERICK W. BREAKS Precambrian Geoscience Section, Ontario Geological Survey 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5 ANDREW G. TINDLE Department of Earch Sciences, Open University Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK MK7 6AA (Received February 16, 2004; accepted September 20, 2004) Abstract — Rare-element pegmatites may host several economic commodities, such as tantalum (Ta- oxide minerals), tin (cassiterite), lithium (ceramic-grade spodumene and petalite), and cesium (pollucite). Key geological features that are common to pegmatites in the Superior province of Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, and in other large tantalum deposits worldwide, can be used in exploration. An exploration project for rare-element pegmatites should begin with an examination of a regional geology map. Rare-element pegmatites occur along large regional-scale faults in greenschist and amphibolite facies metamorphic terranes. They are typically hosted by mafic metavolcanic or metasedimentary rocks, and are located near peraluminous granite plutons (A/CNK > 1.0). Once a peraluminous granite pluton has been identified, then the next step is to determine if the pluton is barren or fertile. Fertile granites have elevated rare element contents, Mg/Li ratio < 10, and Nb/Ta ratio < 8. They commonly contain blocky K-feldspar and green muscovite. Key fractionation indicators can be plotted on a map of the fertile granite pluton to determine the fractionation direction: presence of tourmaline, beryl, and ferrocolumbite; Mn content in garnet; Rb content in bulk K-feldspar; and Mg/Li and Nb/Ta ratios in bulk granite samples. -
Holtite Al6(Al; Ta)(BO3)[(Si; Sb; As)O4]3(O; OH)3 C 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Holtite Al6(Al; Ta)(BO3)[(Si; Sb; As)O4]3(O; OH)3 c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2=m 2=m 2=m: In blocky crystals, to 2 cm; as pseudohexagonal needles, elongated along [100], typically S-shaped; ¯nely crystalline. Twinning: Multiple on 011 . f g Physical Properties: Cleavage: Good on 001 , may be parting. Hardness = 8.5 D(meas.) = 3.60{3.90 D(calc.) = [3.92] Fluofrescges dull orange under SW UV and bright yellow under LW UV. Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: Light bu® to cream-bu® or deep olive-bu®, brown, russet. Streak: Light bu®. Luster: Resinous, vitreous, dull when weathered. Optical Class: Biaxial ({). Pleochroism: Various shades of yellow to colorless. Orientation: X = a. Dispersion: r < v: ® = 1.705{1.746 ¯ = 1.728{1.759 ° = 1.730{1.761 2V(meas.) = 20±{55± Cell Data: Space Group: P nma: a = 4.6914(5) b = 11.896(2) c = 20.383(4) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Greenbushes, Western Australia. 10.28 (100), 2.94 (40), 5.89 (34), 5.93 (32), 5.08 (32), 2.338 (26), 5.12 (24) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SiO2 20.30 26.74 BeO 0.05 TiO2 0.09 MgO 0.10 B2O3 1.82 4.67 CaO 0.10 Al2O3 46.43 43.44 Li2O 0.59 Fe2O3 0.27 0.20 Na2O 0.35 Sb2O3 13.89 K2O 0.45 Sb2O5 4.61 6.49 Rb2O 0.11 As2O5 2.92 Cs2O 0.57 + Nb2O5 0.76 0.15 H2O 0.38 1.13 Ta2O5 11.24 11.70 H2O¡ 0.08 MnO 0.05 Total 99.97 99.71 (1) Greenbushes, Western Australia; B2O3 thought to be low; corresponding to Al24:50Ta1:36 3+ 3+ 5+ Nb0:16Fe0:10Be0:05Ti0:03Mn0:02B1:40Si9:09Sb2:56Sb0:76O66:62(OH)1:13: (2) Kola Peninsula, 5+ 5+ Russia; corresponding to Al23:23Ta1:49Nb0:03Fe0:09Mg0:06Ca0:06Ti0:03B3:84Si10:64Sb1:15As0:72 O69:57(OH)2:09: Occurrence: As coatings on stibiotantalite and replacing tantalite in a pegmatite (Greenbushes, Western Australia); in pegmatites cutting amphibolites (Voron'i massif, Russia). -
LITHIUM CARBONATE SAFETY DATA SHEET DATE of LAST REVISION: 07/13/15 Section 1: Identification
LITHIUM CARBONATE SAFETY DATA SHEET DATE OF LAST REVISION: 07/13/15 Section 1: Identification Product Name: Lithium Carbonate CAS Number: 554-13-2 / EC Number: 209-062-5 Company: Angstrom Sciences, Inc. 40 South Linden Street Duquesne, PA 15110 For more information call: 412-469-8466 (Monday - Friday 9:00 AM -5:00 PM EST) Section 2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Signal Word: Warning Hazard Statements: H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H302: Harmful if swallowed Precautionary Statements: P264: Wash thoroughly after handling. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection P305 + P351 + P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing P301 + P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a Poison Center or doctor/physician if you feel unwell P337 + P313: If eye irritation persists get medical advice/attention P501: Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/ national/international regulations. LITHIUM CARBONATE SAFETY DATA SHEET HMIS Health Ratings (0-4): Health: 2 Flammability: 1 Physical: 1 Section 3: Composition/Information on Ingredients Chemical characterization: Ceramic Additional Names: Dilithium carbonate, Carbolith, Cibalith-S, Duralith, Eskalith, Lithane, Lithizine, Lithobid, Lithonate, lithotabs Priadel, Zabuyelite. CAS# Description: 554-13-2 Percentage: 100 wt% EC number: 209-062-5 Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES General Treatment: Seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Special Treatment: None Important Symptoms: None Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water, blinking often for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Skin Contact: Wash affected area with mild soap and water. Remove any contaminated clothing. -
Issue 188, September 2020
Newsletter for the Association of Applied Geochemists EXPLORE www.appliedgeochemists.org NUMBER 188 SEPTEMBER 2020 Cesium Deposits David Trueman1, Bruce Downing2, and Tom Richards3 1 3560 Bunting Avenue, Richmond, BC, Canada V7E 5W1 2 20200 Grade Crescent, Langley, BC, Canada V3A 4J6 3 1747 2nd Avenue NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 0G2 Introduction Cesium or caesium? Cesium is the accepted spelling of element 55 by the American Ceramic Society (ACS). Caesium is the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry’s (IUPAC) preferred spelling. Both are used interchangeably. Its chemical symbol is Cs. Cesium was discovered by Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1860 through emission spectroscopy and in etymology finds its name in the Latin “Caesius” for the sky-blue lines in its emission spectrum. It is a little known element, the bulk of which is used in oil and gas well servicing in the form of cesium formate. It is also used as catalysts in plastics, petroleum refining to remove sulphur, experimental Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) power generation, in cesium clocks for telecommunications and GPS navigation, specialty glasses, opto-electronics, ion-propulsion motors, high-density alkaline batteries, and solar cells where it extends the electromagnetic spectrum. As a dense medium, cesium formate is also used in metallurgical test work, to separate DNA and, because of its density, 133 it has a potential use in coal cleaning (Tuck 2020; Pickup et al. 2020). Cesium has one stable isotope, Cs whereas 137 /55 Cs or radiocesium is an artificially produced isotope used in cancer treatment. It has a potential application in the sequestration nuclear waste (Cerný 1978; Yoshinobu et al. -
Geochemical Alteration of Pyrochlore Group Minerals: Microlite Subgroup Gnrconv R. Luurpxrn Roonev C. Ewruc Ansrru.Cr
AmericanMineralogist, Volume 77, pages l,79-188,1992 Geochemical alteration of pyrochlore group minerals: Microlite subgroup Gnrconv R. LuurpxrN Advanced Materials Program, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Private Mail Bag I, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Ans1nalla RooNev C. Ewruc Department of Geology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, U.S.A. Ansrru.cr A qualitative picture of microlite stability is derived from known mineral assemblages and reactions in the simplified system Na-Ca-Mn-Ta-O-H. Results suggestthat microlite is stable under conditions of moderate to high 4*"* and aq^z*and low to moderate 4rnz*. Microlite is often replaced during the latter stagesof granitic pegmatite evolution by man- ganotantalite and fersmite or rynersonite, indicating increasingdq^z* ?fid 4Mn2*relative to a*.-. Primary (hydrothermal) alteration involves replacementof Na, F, and vacanciesby Ca and O, representedby the coupled substitutions ANaYF- ACaYOand AtrY! - ACaYO. Exchangereactions between microlite and fluid suggestconditions of relatively high pH, high aa,^z*,lowto moderate a.r, and low a".. during alteration by evolved pegmatite fluids at 350-550'C and 2-4 kbar. Secondary(weathering) alteration involves leaching ofNa, Ca, F, and O, representedby the coupled substitutions ANaYF - AEY!, ACaYO- AEYII and ACaxO - Alxfl. Up to 800/oof the A sites may be vacant, usually accompaniedby a comparablenumber of anion (X + Y) vacanciesand HrO molecules.Secondary alteration results from interaction with relatively acidic meteoric HrO at temperatures below 100 "C. In both types of alteration, the U content remains remarkably constant.Loss of radio- genic Pb due to long-term difftrsion overprints changesin Pb content associatedwith primary alteration in most samples. -
Cascadero Investor Presentation March 2 2017
(TSXV: CCD) CASCADERO INVESTOR PRESENTATION MARCH 2nd 2017 TARON: DISCOVERY TO DEVELOPMENT VIEW OF TARON OUTCROP LOOKING SOUTH EAST Cascadero Copper is a TSX Venture Exchange listed explorer and resource development Company that trades under the ticker symbol “CCD”. The Company is managed by Bill McWilliam and Dave Trueman. In 2004, a Cascadero prospector Ron Bilquist took rock samples from a large out crop 1 | P a g e in NW Argentina. The assays returned highly anomalous values of Cesium and several other elements. So began the journey, to determine if a Cesium resource was present and large enough to develop into a bulk mineable open pit mine. The first question was can the Cesium mineral be extracted from the Taron rocks with a simple metallurgical approach? Between 2004 and 2009, Cascadero completed a development program of regional sampling, excavator trenching, initial metallurgical tests and diamond drilling. Initial metallurgy was done by SGS Lakeview Ontario who established the fact that that the run-of-mine Taron mineralized material could be acid leached with good recovery and kinetics. The regional sampling program indicated that the Taron showing may represent the largest accumulation of Cesium known to exist. The trenching program succeeded in establishing that the Cesium mineralization was present over an area of approximately >50 sq kilometres and appeared to be laterally continuous between trenches. The Company then in drilled seven core holes over a 1.1 kilometre section and the mineralization extended to depth in each drill hole. At this point the Company believed they had a major mineral discovery in place. -
Crystallization Processes and Solubility of Columbite-(Mn), Tantalite-(Mn), Microlite, Pyrochlore, Wodginite and Titanowodginite in Highly Fluxed Haplogranitic Melts
Western University Scholarship@Western Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 3-12-2018 10:30 AM Crystallization processes and solubility of columbite-(Mn), tantalite-(Mn), microlite, pyrochlore, wodginite and titanowodginite in highly fluxed haplogranitic melts Alysha G. McNeil The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Linnen, Robert L. The University of Western Ontario Co-Supervisor Flemming, Roberta L. The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Geology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Alysha G. McNeil 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation McNeil, Alysha G., "Crystallization processes and solubility of columbite-(Mn), tantalite-(Mn), microlite, pyrochlore, wodginite and titanowodginite in highly fluxed haplogranitic melts" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5261. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5261 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Niobium and tantalum are critical metals that are necessary for many modern technologies such as smartphones, computers, cars, etc. Ore minerals of niobium and tantalum are typically associated with pegmatites and include columbite, tantalite, wodginite, titanowodginite, microlite and pyrochlore. Solubility and crystallization mechanisms of columbite-(Mn) and tantalite-(Mn) have been extensively studied in haplogranitic melts, with little research into other ore minerals. A new method of synthesis has been developed enabling synthesis of columbite-(Mn), tantalite-(Mn), hafnon, zircon, and titanowodginite for use in experiments at temperatures ≤ 850 °C and 200 MPa, conditions attainable by cold seal pressure vessels. -
IMA Master List
The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Update: February 2013 In the following pages of this document a comprehensive list of all valid mineral species is presented. The list is distributed (for terms and conditions see below) via the web site of the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association, which is the organization in charge for approval of new minerals, and more in general for all issues related to the status of mineral species. The list, which will be updated on a regular basis, is intended as the primary and official source on minerals. Explanation of column headings: Name: it is the presently accepted mineral name (and in the table, minerals are sorted by name). Chemical formula: it is the CNMNC-approved formula. IMA status: A = approved (it applies to minerals approved after the establishment of the IMA in 1958); G = grandfathered (it applies to minerals discovered before the birth of IMA, and generally considered as valid species); Rd = redefined (it applies to existing minerals which were redefined during the IMA era); Rn = renamed (it applies to existing minerals which were renamed during the IMA era); Q = questionable (it applies to poorly characterized minerals, whose validity could be doubtful). IMA No. / Year: for approved minerals the IMA No. is given: it has the form XXXX-YYY, where XXXX is the year and YYY a sequential number; for grandfathered minerals the year of the original description is given. In some cases, typically for Rd and Rn minerals, the year may be followed by s.p. -
Fluid and Solid Inclusions in Host Minerals of Permian Pegmatites from Koralpe (Austria): Deciphering the Permian Fluid Evolution During Pegmatite Formation
minerals Article Fluid and Solid Inclusions in Host Minerals of Permian Pegmatites from Koralpe (Austria): Deciphering the Permian Fluid Evolution during Pegmatite Formation Kurt Krenn *, Martina Husar and Anna Mikulics NAWI Graz Geocenter, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] (M.H.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Fluid inclusions (FIs) and associated solids in host minerals garnet, tourmaline, spodumene, and quartz from six pegmatite fields of Permian origin at Koralpe (Eastern Alps) have been investi- gated. Although pegmatites suffered intense Eoalpine high-pressure metamorphic overprint during the Cretaceous period, the studied samples originate from rock sections with well-preserved Permian magmatic textures. Magmatic low-saline aqueous FIs in garnet domains entrapped as part of an unmixed fluid together with primary N2-bearing FIs that originate from a host rock-derived CO2-N2 dominated high-grade metamorphic fluid. This CO2-N2 fluid is entrapped as primary FIs in garnet, tourmaline, and quartz. During host mineral crystallization, fluid mixing between the magmatic and the metamorphic fluid at the solvus formed CO2-N2-H2O–rich FIs of various compositional degrees Citation: Krenn, K.; Husar, M.; that are preserved as pseudo-secondary inclusions in tourmaline, quartz, and as primary inclusions Mikulics, A. Fluid and Solid in spodumene. Intense fluid modification processes by in-situ host mineral–fluid reactions formed a Inclusions in Host Minerals of high amount of crystal-rich inclusions in spodumene but also in garnet. The distribution of different Permian Pegmatites from Koralpe types of FIs enables a chronology of pegmatite host mineral growth (garnet-tourmaline/quartz- (Austria): Deciphering the Permian Fluid Evolution during Pegmatite spodumene) and their fluid chemistry is considered as having exsolved from the pegmatite parent Formation.