Evil Spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls: a Brief Survey and Some Perspectives Eibert Tigchelaar
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lirias Evil Spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Brief Survey and Some Perspectives Eibert Tigchelaar 1. Introduction Synthetic studies of evil spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls can be found in survey articles on demons or demonology by Philip Alexander, Michael Mach, and Esther Eshel.1 Many other publications also touch upon the topic of evil spirits in the scrolls, either in the context of the discussion of specific texts, like, e.g., the Two Spirits Treatise or the Songs of the Sage, or when discussing broader topics like angelology, dualism, magic, purity and impurity, or sin.2 In addition, there is a 1Bibliographic references in this contribution will largely be confined to literature of the last twenty years. Cf. Philip S. Alexander, “The Demonology of the Dead Sea Scrolls,” in The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment (ed. Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: Brill, 1999), 2.331-53; Michael Mach, “Demons,” in Encylopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 189-92; Esther Eshel and Daniel C. Harlow, “Demons and Excorcism,” in The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (ed. John J. Collins and Daniel C. Harlow; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2010), 531-33. 2For example, Philip S. Alexander, “‘Wrestling against the Wickedness in High Places’: Magic and the Worldview of the Qumran Community,” in The Scrolls and the Scriptures. Qumran Fifty Years After (ed.
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