The Organization of Pandemonium
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The Fall of Satan in the Thought of St. Ephrem and John Milton
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 3.1, 3–27 © 2000 [2010] by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press THE FALL OF SATAN IN THE THOUGHT OF ST. EPHREM AND JOHN MILTON GARY A. ANDERSON HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL CAMBRIDGE, MA USA ABSTRACT In the Life of Adam and Eve, Satan “the first-born” refused to venerate Adam, the “latter-born.” Later writers had difficulty with the tale because it granted Adam honors that were proper to Christ (Philippians 2:10, “at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend.”) The tale of Satan’s fall was then altered to reflect this Christological sensibility. Milton created a story of Christ’s elevation prior to the creation of man. Ephrem, on the other hand, moved the story to Holy Saturday. In Hades, Death acknowledged Christ as the true first- born whereas Satan rejected any such acclamation. [1] For some time I have pondered the problem of Satan’s fall in early Jewish and Christian sources. My point of origin has been the justly famous account found in the Life of Adam and Eve (hereafter: Life).1 1 See G. Anderson, “The Exaltation of Adam and the Fall of Satan,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 6 (1997): 105–34. 3 4 Gary A. Anderson I say justly famous because the Life itself existed in six versions- Greek, Latin, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and Coptic (now extant only in fragments)-yet the tradition that the Life drew on is present in numerous other documents from Late Antiquity.2 And one should mention its surprising prominence in Islam-the story was told and retold some seven times in the Koran and was subsequently subject to further elaboration among Muslim exegetes and storytellers.3 My purpose in this essay is to carry forward work I have already done on this text to the figures of St. -
Intertextuality and Symbolism in the Legend of Hagia Sophia Vencer A
Defeating Solomon: Intertextuality and Symbolism in the Legend of Hagia Sophia Vencer a Salomón: intertextualidad y simbolismo en la leyenda de Santa Sofía VICTORIA GERHOLD Summary 1. Introduction 2. The Emperor, the Angels and the Church 3. Hagia Sophia, the Final Temple 4. Conclusion Abstract: One of the main literary topics of the Byzantine legend of Hagia Sophia is the comparison between the church built by Emperor Justinian and the temple of Solomon. Previous studies have shown that this topic is elaborated through an intertextual connection between the legendary description of the construction of Hagia Sophia and the biblical description of the construction of the temple of Jerusalem (2 Kings 24: 1, 25; 3 Kings 5: 15-9: 25; 1 Paralipomena 21: 1-8: 16). In the present article, we will argue that the legend also presents intertextual connections with other biblical texts (such as Ezekiel) and even para- biblical texts (such as the Testament of Solomon). Keywords: Hagia Sophia; Solomon; legend; Testament of Solomon; Ezekiel Resumen: Uno de los principales temas literarios de la leyenda de Santa Sofía es la comparación entre esa iglesia (re)construida por el Emperador Justiniano y el templo de Salomón. Estudios previos han demostrado que la elaboración literaria de este tema estuvo basada en una relación intertextual entre la descripción legendaria de la construcción de Santa Sofía y la descripción bíblica la construcción del templo de Jerusalén (2 Reyes 24:1:25; 3 Reyes 5:15-9:25; 1 Paralipomena 21:1-8:16). En el presente trabajo propondremos que la leyenda presenta además conexiones intertextuales con otros textos bíblicos (como Ezequiel) e incluso para-bíblicos (como el Testamento de Salomón). -
League with Satan. They Said, " He Casts out Devils by Beelzebub." 1
"AS OLD AS METBUSELAH." 449 league with Satan. They said, " He casts out devils by Beelzebub." 1 He is but an embodied falsehood, speaking lies, working a lie, professing to cast out Satan, that He may the better serve him. But the charge was as unwise as unveracious. The answer was easy : " If Satan cast out Satan, how shall his kingdom stand ? If he work against himself, how can his works serve him ? Then, if I cast out devils by Beelzebub, by whom do your disciples cast them out ? By Beelzebub, too ? Let them be your judges."1 The cycle was completed ; fanatical resistance to the light had become fanatical denial of its existence. It was little wonder that Jesus met the deputation from Jerusalem with the question, "Why do ye transgress the commandment of God by your tradition ? • . Ye hypocrites ! well did Esaias prophesy of you, say ing, This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips ; but their heart is far from me."3 "0 ye hypocrites ! ye can discern the face of the sky, but can ye not discern the signs of the times ?"4 A. M. FAIRBAIRN. "AS OLD AS METHUSELAH:" A CHAPTER IN ANTEDILUVIAN CHRONOLOGY. GENESIS V. AccoRDING to the generally accepted rendering of the fifth Chapter of the Book of Genesis, the lives of our antediluvian progenitors are to be reckoned by cen turies, the oldest of them completing a period of nearly a thousand years. Many suggestions have been ten- • Matt. xii 24- • Ibid. xii. 25-27. -
Medieval Representations of Satan Morgan A
Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Master of Liberal Studies Theses 2011 The aS tanic Phenomenon: Medieval Representations of Satan Morgan A. Matos [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls Part of the Christianity Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Matos, Morgan A., "The aS tanic Phenomenon: Medieval Representations of Satan" (2011). Master of Liberal Studies Theses. 28. http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls/28 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Liberal Studies Theses by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Satanic Phenomenon: Medieval Representations of Satan A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Liberal Studies By Morgan A. Matos July, 2011 Mentor: Dr. Steve Phelan Rollins College Hamilton Holt School Winter Park Master of Liberal Studies Program The Satanic Phenomenon: Medieval Representations of Satan Project Approved: _________________________________________ Mentor _________________________________________ Seminar Director _________________________________________ Director, Master of Liberal Studies Program ________________________________________ Dean, Hamilton Holt School Rollins College i Table of Contents Table of Contents i Table of Illustrations ii Introduction 1 1. Historical Development of Satan 4 2. Liturgical Drama 24 3. The Corpus Christi Cycle Plays 32 4. The Morality Play 53 5. Dante, Marlowe, and Milton: Lasting Satanic Impressions 71 Conclusion 95 Works Consulted 98 ii Table of Illustrations 1. Azazel from Collin de Plancy’s Dictionnaire Infernal, 1825 11 2. Jesus Tempted in the Wilderness, James Tissot, 1886-1894 13 3. -
The Doctrine of Satan
Scholars Crossing The Lucifer File Theological Studies 5-2018 The Doctrine of Satan Harold Willmington Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lucifer_file Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Willmington, Harold, "The Doctrine of Satan" (2018). The Lucifer File. 1. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lucifer_file/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Lucifer File by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DOCTRINE OF SATAN I. The Existence of Satan – There is scarcely a culture, tribe, or society to be found in this world that does not have some concept or fear of an invisible evil power. This has been attested by Christian missionaries and secular anthropologists alike. Witch doctors, shrunken heads, voodoo dolls, and totem poles all give dramatic evidence of this universal fear. One may well ask where this fear came from and of whom are they afraid. The study of the doctrine of Satan may not thrill the soul of man, but it will answer these questions. A. His existence is doubted by the world. 1. As shown by the typical “Walt Disney cartoon concept” – Most of the world today pictures the devil as a medieval and mythical two-horned, fork-tailed impish creature, dressed in red flannel underwear, busily pitching coal into the furnace of hell. -
TOME of the UNCLEAN by Stephen Chenault & Kim Hartsfield
TOME OF THE UNCLEAN BY STEPHEN CHENAULT & KIM HARTSFIELD WITH DAVIS CHENAULT EDITOR: SCOTT GEEDING AND TIM BURNS FRONT COVER: JASON WALTON INTERIOR ART: PETER BRADLEY, JASON WALTON, MARK ALLEN, BRYAN SWARTZ AND ZOE DEVOS ART DIRECTION/CARTOGRAPHY: PETER BRADLEY PRODUCED BY: THE CHENAULT BROTHERS 1818 North Taylor, #143 Little Rock, AR, 72207 trolllord.com | castlesandcrusades.com ©2019 Troll Lord Games. All Rights Reserved. Castles & Crusades® is a registered trademark of Chenault & Gray Publishing LLC, d/b/a Troll Lord Games. SIEGE Engine™ is trademark of Chenault & Gray Publishing LLC, d/b/a Troll Lord Games. Amazing Adventures is a trademark of Chenault & Gray Publishing, d/b/a Troll Lord Games. Castles & Crusades, SIEGE Engine, Amazing Adventures and Troll Lord Games logos are trademarks of Troll Lord Games. All Rights Reserved. 2019. Art,Sample artwork, cover art, cartography is copyright Peter Bradley of Ravenchilde Illustrations, 2019 or Troll Lord Games.file All Rights Reserved. All con- tent copyright 2019 Troll Lord Games. All Rights Reserved. First Printing Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS DEMONS AND DEVILS 5 Demon, Ulthal (Minor) 46 Demon, UnkBartig, (Bearded) (Major) 47 MONSTER CHARACTERISTICS 6 Demon, Vrock (Minor) 48 THE LORDS OF THE ABYSS 9 Demon, Vulcreed (Major) 49 THE NATURE OF THE ABYSS 10 THE LEGIONS OF HELL 51 HIERARCHY OF THE ABYSS 11 HELL 52 ON THEIR NATIVE PLANES 12 HEIRARCHY OF HELL 53 DEMON NAMES 12 HIERARCHY IN AIHRDE 54 TRAITS COMMON TO ALL DEMONS 12 DEVILS ON THEIR NATIVE PLANES 54 -
Classification of Demons
Classification of demons There have been various attempts throughout history by theologian scholars in the classification of Christian demons for the purpose of understanding the biblical and mythological context of adversarial spirits. Theologians have written dissertations in Christian demonology, classical occultism, classical mythology and Renaissance magic to clarify the connections between these spirits and their influence in various cultures. The study of demonology was historically used to understand morality, behavioral tendencies, and has even been used as symbolism to relay anecdotal tales in with which they lure people into temptation and may also include the angels or saints that were believed to have been their adversaries; an idea which derived from the Biblical battle between the Archangel Michael and Piccalo in The Book of Revelation (12:7-9) describing a war in heaven which resulted in Satan and his angels being expelled from Heaven. The classifications of these fallen angels are based on many other characteristics as well, such as behaviors that caused their fall from heaven, physical appearances or the methods that were used to torment people, The Temptation of St. Anthony by Martin cause maladies, or elicit dreams, emotions, etc. Most authors Schongauer who wrote theological dissertations on the subject either truly believed in the existence of infernal spirits, or wrote as a philosophical guide to understanding an ancient perspective of behavior and morality in folklore and religious themes. Contents Classification -
Salomo Und Die Dämonen
SALOMO UND DIE DÄMONEN Pekka Såirkiö Eine besondere archäologische Fundgruppe im syrisch-palästinisch-babylonischen Raum sind Tonschalen mit inschrifrlichen Beschwörungsformeln, die vorwiegend in das 5. bis 8. christliche Jahrhundert zu datieren sind. I Die Beschwörungs- schalen sind eines der Forschungsgebiete von Prof. Dr. Tapani Harviainen, der die zwei in finnische Sammlungen gelangten aramÊiischen Beschwörungsschalen ge' deutet und publiziert hat. Eine der Schalen ist ein Geschenk des Stââts Ifak an Präsident Urho Kekkonen.2 Es besteht keine Einigkeit tiber die Benutzung der Beschwörungsschalen, aber nach einer Theorie waren die Schalen auf dem Kopf rings um das Haus als Fallen ftir die Dåimonen aufgestellt.3 Dies erinnert an die Fähigkeit des israeli- tischen Königs Salomo, Dämonen zu binden und in Tongeftisse einzuschließen. Die Tradition über Salomo als Henscher und Beschwörer der Dämonen entstand erst in der hellenistischenZeit,also gut 600 hundert Jahre nach dem Tod Salomos, und bestand bis ins Mittelalter. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einige Traditions- linien zu ziehen, die das Thema Salomo und die Dämonen etwas beleuchten.a DER URSPRIJNG VON SALOMOS RUF ALS MAGIER Der Ursprung der Weisheit Salomos war nach der atl. Tradition göttlich. Gott verlieh dem jungen König mehr Weisheit und Einsicht als irgend jemand anderem (l Kön 3,12). Zu der Weisheit Salomos gehörte neben der kybernetischen Weis- I lch danke herzlich Dr. Stefan Krauter aus Stuttgart, der das Manuskript sorgfìtltig durch gesehen hat. 2 Harviainen 1978; 1981. Urho Kekkonen 1900-1986, Staatsprfuident 1956-82. 3 Montgomery l9l3: 4lf.; Naveh & Shaked 1985: t5; Iuusola 1999: 5 17. 4 Frilhere Untersuchungen llber das Thema "salomo und die Dämonen" haben u.a' Euringer (1928), Preisendanz (1956), Giversen (19?2), Duling (1975) und Charlesworth (1995) geschrieben. -
Exorcism in Islam
Exorcism in Islam by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips Submitted infulfillment for therequire ment of the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy University of Wales Saint David's University College LAMPETER September, 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration.. ................................................................................................ v • Acknowledgment.............•.••.•...•.•.......•.•....•......•.•..... ....................•...•.•...••.• VI ... ................................ ·........... ...................... ................... Abstract .... .. ....... vii... S ystem o fTrans 11terat1on.. ......................................................................... V111 Introduction. ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One: The Spirit-World............... .................................................... 4 The Human Spirit.... .... � ......................................................................... 4 0 .. ngm ............................................................................................. 7 Form................................ ...................................•........................ 10 Death .......................................................................................... 14 The Soul's Abode AfterDeath .................................................... �. 16 Souls of the Prophets ............................................................ 17 Souls of the M s ............................................................. 17 Souls -
The Second Book of the Sacred Magic
The Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage Book II Translated by S.L. Mac Gregor Mathers The Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage Book II This Adobe Acrobat edition contains the complete and unaltered text of the corresponding sections in the second (1900) edition published by John M. Watkins, London. Prepared and typeset by Benjamin Rowe, December 16, 1998. THE Second BOOK OF THE HOLY MAGIC, WHICH GOD GAVE UNTO MOSES, AARON, DAVID, SOLOMON, AND OTHER SAINTS, PATRIARCHS AND PROPHETS; WHICH TEACHETH THE TRUE DIVINE WISDOM. BEQUEATHED BY ABRAHAM UNTO LAMECH HIS SON. TRANSLATED FROM THE HEBREW. 1458. 41 The Sacred Magic THE SECOND BOOK OF THE SACRED MAGIC. Prologue. HE Wisdom of the Lord is an inexhaustible fountain, neither hath there ever been a man born who could penetrate its veritable origin and 7foundation. The Sages and Holy Fathers have drunk long draughts thereof, and have been fully satisWed therewith. But with all this, not one among them hath been able to comprehend or know the Radical Principles, because the Creator of all things reserveth that unto Himself; and, like a jealous God, He hath indeed wished that we should enjoy the fruit thereof, but He hath not wished to permit us to touch either the Tree or its Root. It is then not only proper, but further also we are compelled to conform ourselves unto the Will of the Lord, walking in that Path, by the which also our predecessors went, without seeking out through a vain curiosity how it is that God reigneth and governeth in His Divine Wisdom; because such would be a very great presumption and a bestial conceit. -
The Devil and Demons Bible Study
THE DEVIL AND DEMONS BIBLE STUDY The Devil has several names: Satan, Lucifer, Apollyon, Belial, Beelzebub, Prince of Demons, Ruler of the Kingdom of the Air, Ruler of Darkness, Serpent, Tempter, Evil One, are some of them. Demons are also called evil spirits or unclean spirits. 1. First we will look at what the Bible says about the characteristics of the devil and his demons. a. According to Ezekiel 28:13-17 what are six things we read about the devil?______________________________________________________ b. According to Luke 13:16 what was Satan able to do to the woman?______ ___________________________________________________________. c. According to Luke 22:3 what was Satan able to do?__________________. d. According to John 8:44 what are at least three characteristics of the devil? ___________________________________________________________. e. According to 2 Corinthians 11:14 what does Satan pretend to be?_______ ___________________________________________________________. f. According to Hebrews 2:14 what power does the devil have until it is broken by Jesus?_____________________________________________. 2. It is important for us to understand what Satan and his Demons do. a. According to Job 2:7 what did Satan do to Job?_____________________. b. According to Zechariah 3:1 what does Satan do?____________________. c. According to Matthew 4:1 what did Satan do to Jesus?_______________. d. According to Matthew 13:19 what does Satan do when people hear the message of Christ?____________________________________________. e. According to Luke 9:42 what was a demon able to do to a boy?_________ ___________________________________________________________. What did Jesus do to the demon?_________________________________. f. According to John 10:10 what does Satan, the thief, come to do to people? ___________________________________________________________. -
Evil Spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls: a Brief Survey and Some Perspectives Eibert Tigchelaar
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lirias Evil Spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Brief Survey and Some Perspectives Eibert Tigchelaar 1. Introduction Synthetic studies of evil spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls can be found in survey articles on demons or demonology by Philip Alexander, Michael Mach, and Esther Eshel.1 Many other publications also touch upon the topic of evil spirits in the scrolls, either in the context of the discussion of specific texts, like, e.g., the Two Spirits Treatise or the Songs of the Sage, or when discussing broader topics like angelology, dualism, magic, purity and impurity, or sin.2 In addition, there is a 1Bibliographic references in this contribution will largely be confined to literature of the last twenty years. Cf. Philip S. Alexander, “The Demonology of the Dead Sea Scrolls,” in The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment (ed. Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: Brill, 1999), 2.331-53; Michael Mach, “Demons,” in Encylopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 189-92; Esther Eshel and Daniel C. Harlow, “Demons and Excorcism,” in The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (ed. John J. Collins and Daniel C. Harlow; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2010), 531-33. 2For example, Philip S. Alexander, “‘Wrestling against the Wickedness in High Places’: Magic and the Worldview of the Qumran Community,” in The Scrolls and the Scriptures. Qumran Fifty Years After (ed.