EVENTS OF THE GAMES

TORCH RELAY OPENING CEREMONY ATHLETICS BASKETBALL BOXING CANOEING CYCLING EQUESTRIAN FENCING FOOTBALL GYMNASTICS HOCKEY MODERN PENTATHLON ROWING SHOOTING SWIMMING WEIGHTLIETING WRESTLING YACHTING DEMONSTRATIONS FINE ARTS CLOSING CEREMONY

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At midday on Saturday, July 17, the Olympic Flame was kindled in the ancient Stadium at Olympia by a Greek girl, a Girl Guide troop-leader from the neighbouring town of Pyrgos. She had been chosen for this honour only the evening before, because the Athenian girl and her escort who had been trained for the ceremony were not allowed to make the journey to Olympia owing to the difficulties arising from the unsettled state of the country. With her escort of young men from the town of Olympia, she carried the Flame in procession from the Stadium and across the Altis to the spot where the heart of Baron de Coubertin lies buried. A simple ceremony then took place. A message was read from Mr. Sigfrid Edstrom, the President of the International Olympic Committee, and short speeches were made by Mr. Zalacostas, the Chairman of the Greek Olympic Committee, and Mr. Cosmopoulos, the Mayor of Olympia. The first runner, Corporal Dimitrelis of the Greek Army, stepped forward, clad in uniform with his rifle in his hand. Laying down his arms and taking off his uniform, he appeared clad as an athlete and thus, having symbolised the tradition that war ceased during the period of the ancient Games, he lit his torch and set off on the first stage of the Relay. Mr. Zalacostas then handed to Commander F. W. Collins, R.N. (Retd.), the representative of the Organising Committee and Organiser of the Relay, the ancient Greek " lychms " from which the first torch had been lit, asking him to carry it to H.R.H. Princess Elizabeth as a gift from the Greek Olympic Committee. The first runner having crossed the Alpheos River, the Flame was passed on to the series of Greek runners who carried it through Pyrgos to Katacolon, the port some 22 miles from Olympia. This short route on the Greek mainland had been decided on only a short time previously, when it was evident that lack of security on the route to Athens necessitated a much shorter journey direct to the coast. Meanwhile, the Flame had been carried aboard the Greek destroyer Hastings which sailed at 7 p.m. for Corfu, arriving there early the next morning. It was taken ashore at Lefkimi and carried by runners to Corfu town, where a ceremony of welcome and a short festival of sport took place. The enthusiasm for the Flame both on the mainland and at Corfu was a forerunner of similar acts of welcome and rejoicing through­ out the whole route. Wherever the Flame went it was acclaimed as a symbol of that brighter future for which all peoples are yearning, and it was noteworthy that no differences of race, creed or political persuasion damped the ardour of those who turned out to applaud its passage. At 1.30 p.m. on July 18, H.M.S. Whitesand Bay, a frigate from the Mediterranean Fleet, received the Flame on board. As well as carrying a special burner for the Flame, one of her boilers was lit from a torch. She sailed for Bari where, at 12.30 p.m. on July 19, the Flame was carried ashore and welcomed in Italy at a ceremony in the main square of the town. Here, as in at least one city in every country through which the Relay passed, a message of welcome and good wishes for the progress of the Flame

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from Mr. Edstrom was read aloud midst a large crowd, much impressed by the ceremony. allowed. None the less the occasion was used by the people of this small nation for a display of the Olympic spirit, which was not excelled in any other country. Because In Italy, the Army supplied all the runners and undertook the whole organisation of the Flame passed through the City of Luxembourg during the night, the main ceremony the route. As the torch bearers were not trained athletes, their distance was restricted was held at Wiltz after which, at 10.30 a.m. on July 27, the Flame passed on to Belgium. to about i| kms. each, the total number of runners being 762. Directly behind the first Once again, as on the entry into Luxembourg, frontier restrictions were relaxed and a runner came the official car, followed by a convoy of military vehicles and press cars. great welcome to all concerned was given by the Belgian authorities. In every town, official welcome was accorded to the Flame by the Mayor, the Prefect and other local notables, while in the country crowds gathered at every one of the change­ In Belgium all arrangements were made by the Ligue Royale d'Athletisme and, despite over points. Major receptions were held at St. Salvo, Francavilla, Roseto, Ancona, the excited crowds, the schedule was followed exactly. The chief ceremony took place Rimini, Forli, Bologna, Modena, Milan, Galarate, Baveno and Domodossola. at the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior at Brussels on the same night, when the Burgo­ master and the British Ambassador were present ; other ceremonies of welcome and At several of these places, presentations were made to the British Representative, homage were held at many of the towns en route. Mr. K. S. Duncan, who travelled from Bari to Calais in the British official car, while escorts for the Flame were often provided by past Olympic champions, boys carrying At 6.30 a.m. on July 28, the Flame re-entered France with the usual international fireworks, roller skaters, racing cars, motor cyclists and bicyclists. By night as well as goodwill being observed. Through Lille the route was lined with athletes and a by day the enthusiasm of the crowds was unbounded. This enthusiasm was a fitting ceremony was held at the Hotel de Ville. Other ceremonies took place at Armentieres, reward to the Italian Olympic Committee and the Italian Army for their great efforts to Nieppe, Bailleul and finally at Calais, where the last French runner took the Flame aboard conduct the Relay from one end of their country to the other at a time when economic H.M.S. Bicester at 6.15 p.m. conditions made such a task unduly arduous. The reserve Flames which had been lit at Olympia and had been carried throughout At 10.30 p.m. on July 23, the Flame was handed to the first Swiss runner on the in the official car were transferred to the ship, which then sailed for Dover. Simplon road. Despite the late hour, a splendid welcome was accorded by the Swiss who asked the whole of the official Italian party across the frontier, all normal frontier Arrival at Dover regulations being waived, to a ceremony of greeting and celebration. Wednesday, July 28, was a fine summer's day and a vast crowd had assembled at Dover to welcome the Flame to England. By 7.30 p.m. the whole promenade and Ceremony at Lausanne Prince of Wales' Pier were packed with people, but it was not until an hour later, at 8.25 p.m., that H.M.S. Bicester entered the harbour and, in the words of one of the The next day the Flame reached Lausanne, where Madame la Baronne de Coubertin onlookers, " You could feel the Olympic fever run through the crowd." was present at a ceremony held at Mon Repos, the I.O.C. headquarters. Thence the Flame was carried to the cemetery, where it was dipped in salute in front of the tomb From then until its arrival at Wembley at 4 p.m. the next day, the English showed in of the founder of the modern Olympic Games. Great crowds were present at Geneva no uncertain manner that they, too, wished to pay tribute to this symbol of the Olympic as the Flame passed through that city the same evening, and some 8,000 people were ideals. At Dover, the speeches of the Mayor, the Vice Lieutenant of Kent and the gathered at the Swiss/French frontier at St. Julien to bid farewell to the Flame. All representative of the British Olympic Council, Sir Lionel Fletcher, could hardly be arrangements in Switzerland were made by the Swiss Olympic Committee, and runners heard above the cheers, even though loudspeakers were used. At Charing, in Kent, at were provided not only by athletic clubs, but from the boxing, gymnastic, hockey, I.30 a.m., 3,000 people mobbed the torch bearer ; at Guildford every available policeman polo, basketball and rowing organisations. was needed to control the early morning crowds, while Western Avenue, the great double highway from Uxbridge towards London, was lined on both sides for the first Throughout July 25 and 26, the Flame was carried across south-east France, an time in history. Further civic welcomes had been arranged at Maidstone, Guildford, area in which there is no strong athletic organisation. However, the arrangements Windsor and Uxbridge and, despite the great crowds that lined the route, the time-table planned by the Federation Française d'Athletisme were good and the time-table was was strictly maintained. strictly kept. Many runners from Paris helped in the Relay, each covering stages both by day and night. At Metz there was an official welcome from the civic authorities. Up Olympic Way, with an escort of four runners and six police motor-cyclists, the pressure of the crowds was so great that the runner was reduced to a walk. However, a Monday July 26, was a great occasion in the sporting life of Luxembourg, for on passage was just kept clear and the Flame arrived at the Empire Stadium only 30 seconds that day representatives of every sporting organisation were able to play their part in late at the end of its 2,000-mile journey. furthering the ideals of the Olympic Movement by helping to carry the Flame through their country. So keen were they to honour this symbol of the Olympic ideals that the An allowance had been made in the time-table in case the Flame was delayed or the Luxembourg Olympic Committee had planned a very much longer route than could be Opening Ceremony programme was ahead of time. The name of the final runner had

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been kept secret because he was to be the symbol of British athletic youth. The Organising Committee chose Mr. John Mark for this important role. July 29 was a perfect day with a blazing sun to welcome the teams and the spectators. Some had doubted the value of the Torch Relay, others had thought it would create At 2 o'clock the trumpeters of the Household Cavalry and the massed Drums, Fifes and little interest and would be a waste of time and effort, but, at its conclusion, everyone Pipers of His Majesty's Brigade of Guards, dressed in Review Order, entertained the was agreed on its astonishing success. By linking the scene of the Olympic contests of crowd for half an hour with their playing, marching and counter-marching. The the past with the competitions of to-day, a direct connection was made between the Stadium was packed with 85,000 people. The scarlet of the Guards Band, the white of great traditions of the ancient Games and the ideals of the modern Games which fired the choirs, the many coloured dresses of the ladies and the shirts of the coatless male the imagination of the public in every land. After long years of apparently almost spectators blended with the orange red of the track, the vivid green of the grass in the unending national and international strain and stress, here was a gleam of light, the light centre and the gaily coloured flags, to form a never-to-be-forgotten spectacle. of a Flame, which crossed a continent without hindrance, which caused frontiers to At 2.35 p.m. the International Olympic Committee and the Organising Committee, disappear in its presence, which gathered unprecedented crowds to see it pass in city, attired in top hats and tail coats took up their positions in the arena. Their Majesties, town and village, and which lit the path to a brighter future for the youth of the world, the King and Queen, accompanied by Queen Mary and other Members of the Royal whose chosen representatives were gathered to welcome it at the end of its journey. Family, arrived as 2.45 p.m. and were met at the entrance to the arena by the President of the Games, Viscount Portal of Laverstoke, and the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Frederick The Relay to Torquay Wells. The Queen and other Members of the Royal Family were conducted by the Lord At 9 a.m. on Sunday, August i, the Chairman of the Organising Committee, Lord Mayor to the Royal Box, where were His Imperial Majesty, the Shah of Persia, H.R.H. Burghley, lit a torch from the Olympic Flame at Wembley Stadium and started the Relay Prince Bernard of the Netherlands, and H.R.H. Prince Bertil of Sweden. The King to Torquay which was to light the Flame which burned there during the Olympic Regatta. entered the arena, accompanied by Lord Portal, who presented the President of the This extension of the main Relay was just as successful and, when the Flame passed International Olympic Committee, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom, and the Chairman of the through Devonshire on the morning of August 2, the crowds were everywhere the Organising Committee, Lord Burghley. The National Anthem was played. The largest in living memory. One typical scene was at the small town of Chard, in Members of the International Olympic Committee were then presented to His Majesty Somerset, where at 3.30 a.m. a crowd of 3,000 people, headed by the Mayor and the by Mr. Edstrom and the Members of the Organising Committee by Lord Burghley. town band turned out to welcome the runner. At Newton Abbot, the crowds almost The King was then escorted to his Box by the President of the International Olympic prevented the change-over taking place, but none the less, the time-table was kept, and Committee and Lord Portal, and the International Olympic Committee and the Organising at 11 a.m. the final runner appeared on the balcony of Torre Abbey and lit the Torquay Committee resumed their seats. At 3 p.m. the " March In " started and for fifty minutes Olympic Flame. the Stadium echoed and re-echoed to the plaudits of the huge crowd as the 59 nations entered and marched around the arena. During the whole of this period, the Massed Bands continued to play.

Lord Burghley's Speech As soon as the last team (Great Britain) passed beyond the saluting base, the International Olympic Committee and the Organising Committee returned to their places in the arena. When the British team had taken up its position. Lord Burghley, Chairman of the Organising Committee, mounted the Tribune of Honour and, to the hushed audience in the Stadium and to the millions listening-in, in Britain and overseas, made the following speech inviting His Majesty to declare the Games open :— " Your Majesty, " The hour has struck. A visionary dream has to-day become a glorious reality. At the end of the world-wide struggle in 1945, many institutions and associations were found to have withered and only the strongest had survived. How, many wondered, had the great Olympic Movement prospered ?

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" In 1946, the clarion call went forth to the athletes of the world, inviting them to At 4 o'clock precisely. The King rose in the Royal Box and in the solemn words laid gather in London in 1948 to celebrate the XIV Modern Olympiad. Here to-day, in down in the Olympic Protocol declared the Games of the XIV Olympiad open :— this vast arena, are assembled 6,000 competitors, the cream of the Youth of the world " I proclaim open the Olympic Games oj London celebrating the XIVOlympiad of the drawn from the fifty-nine nations, who have answered this call. This is the answer to that question, and here is the proof of the inherent strength and vitality of the Olympic modern era." Movement. # Immediately he had concluded, the cheers of the crowd were joined by a fanfare of " For the next two weeks, these young men and young women will be engaged in trumpets by the Trumpeters of the Household Cavalry, who had taken up their positions keen but friendly rivalry, competing together in the highest traditions of our Olympic in front of the Tribune of Honour while the International Olympic Committee and the ideals and of Amateur Sport. The eyes of the world to-day, and for the next fourteen Organising Committee were taking their places in the arena. At the same time three days, will be on London. Not only will they be turned towards this ancient City to corporals of the Guards slowly raised the gigantic Olympic flag on the 3 5 ft. flagpole follow the fortunes of their champions and those of other countries, but also, I believe at the end of the arena where it was to remain unstruck for the next sixteen days. The that in the hearts of millions of men and women in every corner of the earth, that warm 2,500 pigeons were released to add yet a further touch of colour and romance to this flame of hope, for a better understanding in the world which has burned so low, will impressive moment. Three minutes later a twenty-one gun salute was fired outside the flare up into a very beacon, pointing a way to the goal through the Fellowship of Sport. Stadium by the King's Troop of the Royal Horse Artillery. " These Games are a living proof of this great common bond of sportsmanship that binds the youth of the world together. They take place under rules drawn up by The Flame Kindled common accord and respected by all, not only in the letter of the law but also in the The last runner in the Torch Relay appeared at the entrance to the arena with his torch spirit. These high ideals are the very life blood of the Olympic Games, and if, as I aloft. Accompanied by the deafening applause of the assembled multitude, he carried believe and pray, as a result of them, the Olympic spirit spreads yet more widely out a complete circuit of the track, mounted the steps to the Bowl where the Flame was throughout the earth, then, surely, we can feel that a very real contribution has been to be kindled and, after facing the Stadium with torch held high in salute, turned and dipped made to the welfare and happiness of mankind. it into the Bowl, and the Sacred Flame sprang into life. " Your Majesty, we are deeply honoured that you have graciously consented to come here to-day to declare the Games open. Dedicatory Address " Forty years ago, your Royal Grandfather, King Edward VII, in 1908, opened the The Bands and Choir then burst forth into the Olympic Hymn and, as the strains died Olympic Games of London, the Games which were carried through under the leader­ away, the Archbishop of York, who had been accompanied into the arena by his Chaplain, ship and genius of that great British sportsman. Lord Desborough. mounted the Tribune of Honour and delivered the following Dedicatory Address. " The first Olympic Games of modern times were held in 1896, appropriately enough " After an interval of forty years, this famous International Meeting of Athletes is in Athens, and from these early beginnings they have grown and blossomed into the held once again in this country, where games and sport are of interest to all, where present gigantic Festival of Sport. cricket is played on every village green, and in whose cities any available space is used " Like all steps forward in the panorama of history, the Olympic Movement has not for football. escaped entirely the pointed barbs of the critics, but these have but acted as a spur to " If a Greek, who had been present at the Olympic Games two thousand years ago, increase the speed of its advance. The secret of its success, I believe, lies in the certain came here to-day, he would be amazed at much which he would see. Our cars would knowledge of its rightness bedded in the very being of its adherents. When a great seem to him strangely shaped chariots, driven at great speed by unseen magic ; he cause marches hand in hand with sincerity and enthusiasm, none can stop its progress. would suppose that the planes he saw in the sky were the flying dragons of which in " This is indeed a memorable occasion, and in asking you, Sire, to carry out this his childhood he had been warned ; while those who, like myself, speak through the task, I speak for all when I say, not only are we deeply grateful to you, but it is our microphone would sound to him as if they were miraculously gifted with trumpet-like firm belief that you are kindling a torch, the light from which will travel to the utter­ voices a thousand times more powerful than the loudest of the heralds of his day. But most corners of the earth, a torch of that ageless and heartfelt prayer of mankind even so, notwithstanding all these changes, he would find that the spirit of the Games is throughout the world for Peace and Goodwill amongst men. still the same as it was in ancient Greece, for now as then, their purpose is to develop " Your Majesty, I humbly ask you to declare the Olympic Games of 1948 open." and show physical fitness and skill at their best. Those who compete in them should

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be strong and graceful in movement, swift of foot, skilful with their hands, keen in To end the formal ceremony, one verse of the National Anthem was played by the sight and hearing, and this, not merely for victory for themselves or for the pleasure Massed Bands and sung by the choir, joined by all those assembled in the Stadium. of the spectators, but to set the highest standard of excellency for athletes in all parts Once again the Bands broke into continuous march rhythm ; in turn the teams, headed of the world ; and the Greek knew, as we know, that no victory in the Games can be once more by Greece, wheeled to the right and gradually filed out of the arena ; and the gained without the moral qualities of self-control and self-discipline. Hard and stern vast crowd, deeply impressed by the ceremony they had witnessed, dispersed with training is necessary, and when a competitor is a member of a team, he must sink all thoughts now turning to the competitions yet to come. desire for individual notice and applause in the determination to play his part unselfishly with his fellows as, with one will and one purpose, they strive for victory. Honour is Thus were launched the Olympic Games of London, under the most happy auspices. due not only to the victors but also to the defeated, if, in the true spirit of sportsman­ The smooth-running Ceremony, which profoundly moved not only all who saw it but ship, they give at once ungrudging and generous praise to those who have surpassed also the millions who were listening-in on the radio throughout the world, and the them in skill and endurance. For, by so doing, though beaten in the contest, they show glorious weather in which it took place, combined to give birth to a spirit which was to permeate the whole of the following two weeks of thrilling and intensive sport. mastery over themselves. " During the Greek Games, a month of peace was proclaimed so that the athletes from, the small but very quarrelsome cities might attend them in safety. To-day our world is largely hag-ridden by hate and fear, and yet thousands of the youth from distant and different nations have come together by land, sea and air for the peaceable and friendly rivalry of sport. This is a very happy omen for the future. During this fortnight and more, many friendships should be formed and many foolish suspicions and unreasonable prejudices should vanish. And, when the Games are over, those who have taken part in them should return to their homes as torch bearers, not indeed bearing the visible light just carried into the arena, but with the flame of goodwill burning in their hearts and continuing to burn there long after the Olympic Flame has been extinguished. " So, as the Games open, we wish you goodwill and we dedicate them to the promo­ tion of peace and goodwill between the nations of the world, all called to be Members of the one great Family under the one God and Father who is over all."

The Olympic Oath At the end of the Archbishop's speech, the International Olympic Committee and the Organising Committee returned to their seats and the Choir sang the Hallelujah Chorus accompanied by the Massed Bands. While this was in progress, the standard bearers of all the nations formed a semi-circle round the Tribune of Honour and the Flag Bearer of Great Britain, Mr. J. Emrys Lloyd, and Wing Commander Donald Finlay, took up their positions on the left of the Tribune of Honour. At the conclusion of the Hallelujah Chorus, Wing Commander Finlay, Captain of the British Team and competitor in three Olympiads, mounted the Tribune of Honour facing the Royal Box, and holding the flag in his left hand, in a clear voice took the Olympic Oath on behalf of the assembled athletes : " We swear that we will take part in the Olympic Games in loyal competition, respecting the regulations which govern them, and desirous of participating in them in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the honour of our country and for the glory of sport."

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classic example of the Olympic spirit at its very best. Their first thought seemed to be " what a great performance. What a fine athlete. Let us look at the programme and " The important thing in the Olympic Games is not so much to have been victorious, see which country he comes from." but to have taken part." On the last occasion on which the Olympic Games were The scene at that Stadium which was perhaps the most remarkable of all was when held in London, in the year 1908, these felicitous words were spoken by the Bishop of thousands upon thousands stayed for the best part of an hour to witness an almost Pennsylvania in St. Paul's Cathedral. A few days later at a banquet given by the British unbearable duel in the women's high jump. It would have been a fine piece of poetic Government, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, with due acknowledgment, incorporated justice if Mrs. Tyler of Great Britain had finally emerged as her country's only track and them into his own speech : " L'important dans ces olympiades c'est moins d'y gagner field winner, but it was not to be ; yet the spectators streamed out of the Stadium •que d'y prendre part. L'important dans la vie, ce n'est point le triomphe mais le combat ; convinced that the contest was more important than the result, and assuredly possessed l'essential ce n'est pas d'avoir vaincu mais de s'être bien battu." of a memory that will be for ever green. At the Empire Stadium for the 33 track and field events 740 athletes from 53 To stage the track and field events of a modern Olympic Games is no light task ; but different nations assembled. Including the winning teams in the two men's and one to stage such a meeting with hardly a single hitch and with no serious incident is nothing women's relay races, 34 men and women gained Olympic First medals, but one can short of a miracle. The thanks of the whole world of athletes should go out to the band feel reasonably confident that not one of the other 706 " unsuccessful " competitors of officials who worked so desperately for many months to achieve the high degree of failed to feel that it was thoroughly worth while taking part. quiet efficiency which was undoubtedly reached. A well-run meeting depends on a Of necessity the vast majority of competitors at the Olympic Games must fail to gain proper balance of trust and co-operation between athlete, official and spectator. Each Olympic victories, just as the great majority of nations sending athletes must fail to have played their part, and all may feel humbly, but genuinely, proud of the result. the honour of welcoming home an Olympic Champion. The bare facts show that at Wembley just over 200 athletes—25 per cent, of those competing—-were placed in the Track Events first six, that thirteen countries only had Olympic victors, and that twenty-five placed The 100 metres consisted of twelve heats and four second round heats on Friday, athletes in the first six. An ideal Olympic Games would undoubtedly produce a winner July 30, and the two semi-finals and the final on the following day. The first two in from a different country for each of the 3 3 events, with every competing country having each heat qualified for the second round, thereafter the first three proceeded to the next some athlete in the first six. This is, unfortunately, a Utopian dream. round. Competitors in the two semi-finals consisted of three United States athletes, The Standard at Wembley three Australians, three from Great Britain, and one apiece from Cuba, Panama and The standard at Wembley was higher than ever before. Fewer records were beaten Uruguay. The three U.S.A. men—Dillard, Ewell and Patton, Labeach of Panama, than at Berlin twelve years previously, but it is obvious that as each four years passes, and McCorquodale and Macdonald Bailey of Great Britain, reached the final. it is increasingly difficult to beat records. But the performances necessary to reach the After one break, the runners were away to an almost perfect start. Dillard showed various finals were in many cases appreciatively higher than on previous occasions. slightly in front almost at once, and it was soon plain that Patton was off colour. There Details will be given in most cases where the individual events are discussed. Suffice it to was no doubt in the mind of the judges about the order in which the first two crossed say that new Olympic best performances (there are no official Olympic records) were set the finishing line, Dillard being the best part of a yard ahead of Ewell ; but the photo­ up in the 800, 5,000 and 10,000 metres ; in the 10,000 metres walk, 110 and 400 metres finish had to be examined before the third place could be awarded. It went to Labeach, hurdles, putting the weight and throwing the discus, and equalled in the 400 metres who was inches ahead of McCorquodale. The photo-finish shows that about four feet so far as the men's events were concerned. As for the women, there were best per­ covered the first four runners, and Dillard's time was 10.3 seconds. Considering that he formances in the 80 metres hurdles, high jump and javelin. only just managed to get into the United States team (as world record holder in the hurdles, he failed to gain his place in that event), his achievement was all the more It is a little difficult to decide what is the best way to present to the reader the excite­ remarkable. The standard of sprinting, taken all round, was higher than ever before— ment and astonishing interest of those eight days of competition at the Empire Stadium 10.3 seconds was achieved in the final ; 10.4 on five occasions in the preliminary rounds, from Friday, July 30, to Saturday, August 7. Almost every day provided the packed and 10.5 seconds on no less than thirteen occasions. stands with thrills, and all would agree that the behaviour of the crowd throughout the Games was quite exemplary. Four-fifths of the spectators at Wembley were drawn from After the 100 metres, in which for the third Olympiad in succession the United States Great Britain—the home country—and not once during the Games could they applaud fielded three finalists and coloured athletes occupied the first two places, the 200 metres a victory by one of their own athletes. And it is not unreasonable to say that they set on the two following days was awaited with interest, chiefly to see if Patton could stage a standard of impartial generosity which may well stand as a model for all time ; a a come-back.

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In the first two rounds McKenley of Jamaica and Bourland of the United States were start so near the first bend. The draw for positions virtually settled the fate of those on the most impressive. Again the three United States representatives, Patton, Ewell and the outside. It was Chef d'hotel, of France, who went into the lead and there was a good Bourland, reached the final, together with Labeach and two Jamaicans, McKenley and deal of scrambling for position down the back straight. The first 400 metres run in Laing—the first occasion in the history of the Olympic Games when representatives 54.2 sees, was appreciably slower than anticipated, and Whitfield, running with beautiful from that particular British Colony had competed. McKenley was drawn in the inside ease, went into the lead immediately after the bell. He was never seriously challenged, lane, then Patton, Labeach, Ewell, Bourland, and on the outside Laing. McKenley although Bengtsson, of Sweden, was within four yards with a furlong to go. Whitfield seemed quickest into his running, but Patton entered the straight running to perfection won in a time which beat Hampson's Olympic record by 3/5 second, and Wint, of Jamaica, and at least a couple of yards clear of the field. Ewell made desperate efforts in the last who ran again a very restrained and well-judged race, was three yards behind. Hansenne, fifty yards to get on level terms and was perhaps two feet behind at the finish. Both he of France, in third place also equalled the previous Olympic best. The fifth man, and Patton were credited with the same time, 21.1 seconds. Bengtsson, of Sweden, though perhaps ten yards behind the winner, did a time good The world record holder, McKenley (of Jamaica), was undoubtedly favourite for the enough to win all previous Olympic 800 metre races except one. 400 metres before the Games began. Many thought him unwise to run in the 200 metres, in which he reached the final. But his two most serious opponents, Wint, a fellow- The 1,500 Metres countryman, and Whitfield of the United States, had already competed in three rounds In many ways the 1,5 00 metres was the event from which most excitement was expected of the 800 metres and finished first and second in the final. The first two rounds gave little at the Games, particularly as the world record holder, Lennart Strand, was in the field. real indication of what was to come. Wint was the only athlete to break 48 seconds, Strand's world record time was nearly five seconds faster than Jack Lovelock's at Berlin which he did in both the first and second rounds on Wednesday, August 4. In the in 1936, and an Olympic record was confidently expected. The three Swedes, Strand, first semi-final Wint strode home in most convincing fashion, 1/10 second outside the Eriksson and Bergkvist, together with Hansenne of France, all had performances better existing Olympic record and nearly a whole second ahead of his nearest rival, Curotta than 3 min. 48 sec. to their credit. Eleven of the twelve finalists were Europeans (in­ of Australia. McKenley was one second slower in the second semi-final, but he was cluding the first five in the European Championships of 1946), and, with a Swedish victory clearly running well within himself. almost a certainty, one recalled that never before had a Swedish runner finished in the first three in this event. Wint's Final Effort Unfortunately a downpour in the early hours of the afternoon made an Olympic record The order of starting for the final was Bolen (U.S.A.) inside, McKenley, Wint, Whit­ unlikely and the race itself started in heavy rain and on a sodden track. Hansenne went field and Guida (U.S.A.) and on the outside Curotta. There was absolute silence before into the lead, covering the first 300 metres in 42.3 sec., 400 metres in 58.3 sec., 700 in the gun went and then a continuous and ever-increasing roar throughout the whole 46 ι min. 46.2 sec. and 800 in 2 min. 2.6 sec. With 400 metres to go (time for 1,100 metres seconds. McKenley went off like a hurricane, far too fast it seemed, but then he had 2 min. 49.4 sec.), Strand and Eriksson were, perhaps, 15 yards ahead of Slijkhuis, of always run his races in this fashion. The first 200 metres he was clocked in 21.6 seconds Holland. Down the back straight Slijkhuis and Nankeville (Great Britain) closed a good (little slower than his time in the 200 metres final two days before). By this time he was deal on the leaders. Nankeville ran better than ever before to finish sixth, nearly three fully six yards ahead of Wint. He was still well in the lead 100 yards from the finish, seconds behind the winner, but his efforts were unavailing ; Slijkhuis, however, got and then Wint, with that powerful stride of his, found that McKenley was definitely within striking distance of Strand, to finish just behind him and their times at the finish coming back to him. Nothing could have been better from Wint's point of view, and were identical. Eriksson was a good four yards clear to win in 3 min. 49.8 sec. and as he found himself effectively closing the gap, he ran on like a man inspired, caught his under good conditions the time might well have been three seconds faster. fellow-countryman 30 yards from the tape and won to equal the Olympic record made 16 The most astonishing thing about the three heats of the 5,000 metres was the totally years before in the much better climatic conditions of Los Angeles. Wint's running, unnecessary duel between Zatopek, of Czechoslovakia, and Ahlden, of Sweden, in and particularly the perfect timing of his final effort, was one of the most stimulating heat two. Though the best part of 100 yards ahead of the rest of the field, and qualifying sights of the Games. with ease, they elected to stage a spirited battle, much to the delight of the crowd. How The three semi-finals of the 800 metres, run on Saturday, July 31, left little doubt that far this battle affected their running in the final two days later it is impossible to say. the final would be superb. All nine finalists, three from U.S.A., two from France, and Three Swedes, three Finns, two Belgians, and one runner each from Czechoslovakia, one apiece from Denmark, Great Britain, Jamaica and Sweden, had to beat 1 min. 53.0 Holland and the United States, faced the starter before a packed Stadium on August 2. sec. to reach the final stage. Indeed, the winner's time in each of the three semi-finals Zatopek, after his great 10,000 metres victory, started favourite, with Ahlden, Reiff (of was better than any Olympic final except that of 1952. Belgium) and Slijkhuis (Holland) looked upon as his most serious opponents. The track Nine runners in an Olympic 800 metres final was really too many, especially with the was sodden and covered with pools as the twelve runners started soon after five o'clock.

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By half distance the race had resolved into a four-sided contest between the runners Total Lap mentioned above. With four laps to go ReifF suddenly jumped his rivals, running a lap in Laps of Distance Total time time 67.8 sec., over two seconds faster than the immediately previous one. Zatopek seemed out 400 metres metres min. sec. see. of the race and it was Slijkhuis, some 20 yards behind Reiff, who was in second position I 400 I 07.0 67.0 at the bell. With ReifF almost exhausted 300 yards from home, Zatopek started one of 2 800 2 18.6 71.6 those now familiar rushes. With unbelievable speed, he closed the gap between himself 3 1,200 3 29.8 71.2 and Slijkhuis and then, as the tape got ever nearer and nearer, he charged after Reiff. With 4 1,600 4 39.8 70.0 perhaps twenty yards to go the Czech was practically on level terms and Reiff, with an 5 2,000 5 52.6 72.8 agonised glance over his shoulder, produced a small amount of unexpended energy, 6 2,400 7 03.2 70.6 sufficient to take him over the finishing line a bare yard ahead. Despite the adverse 7 2,800 8 15.0 71.8 conditions, both men beat the previous Olympic record. Here are the lap times : 8 3,200 9 28.4 73-4 3,600 10 42.0 73.6 Distance Total time Lap 9 10 4,000 II 54.0 72.0 LfCip metres min. sec. sec. II 4,400 06.6 72.6 I zoo — 33.0 12 4,800 M 20.8 74.2 2 600 I 39.2 66.2 13 5,200 15 35.2 74-4 3 1,000 2 48.0 68.8 14 5,600 16 49.0 73.8 4 1,400 3 56.4 68.4 15 6,000 18 01.0 72.0 5 1,800 5 04.0 67.6 16 6,400 II.8 70.8 6 2,200 6 13.0 69.0 17 6,800 20 22.8 71.0 7 2,600 7 23.0 70.0 18 7,200 21 34.6 71.8 8 8 3,000 34.0 71.0 ^ 7,600 22 47.0 724 9 3;4oo 9 44.2 70.2 20 8,000 24 00.0 73.0 10 3,8oo 10 52.0 67.8 21 8,400 25 13.4 73-4 II 4,200 12 00.0 68.0 22 8,800 26 25.0 71.6 12 4,600 13 08.0 68.0 23 9,200 27 39.8 74.8 13 5,000 14 17.6 69.6 24 9,600 28 53.0 73.2 25 10,000 29 59.6 66.6 Zatopek's Victory The 10,000 metres was the first 1948 final to be decided, on the late afternoon of the The Marathon Race on the final afternoon of the track and field events provided as first day, July 30. Zatopek, of Czechoslovakia, who a few weeks before the Games dramatic a finish as could have been devised, and was curiously reminiscent of the famous had been within a few seconds of Heino's world record, was expected to run the race of Dorando race of forty years before. There were forty-one starters, and Guinez, of the his life against the world champion, and a great Czecho-Finnish contest was eagerly Argentine, led at the end of the first two miles. From the sixth mile onwards, it was the awaited. Heino went into the lead at once, and at the end of seven laps was still first, 21-year-old Gailly, of Belgium, who dominated the scene most of the way and until followed by Heinstrom of Finland and then the Swede, Albertsson. Zatopek was sixth. almost the very last moments. At 15 km. he was 14 seconds ahead of the rest of the field Two laps later Zatopek had spurted to the front and at half distance the order was and nearly i-| minutes ahead of Cabrera (Argentine). At 20 km. he was leading by half Zatopek, Heino, Albertsson, Heinstrom and Mimoun-o-Kacha, of France. With nine a minute and still about the same distance in advance of Cabrera. Cabrera had closed the laps to go, and a good race between the Czech and the Finn still on the cards, Heino gap slightly by 25 km., being 1 minute 11 seconds behind the leader ; Richards (Great suddenly stopped running and left the track. Thereafter the only interest was to watch Britain) was another i|- minutes behind the Argentinian. the incredible and forceful, if ungainly, running of Zatopek, who proceeded to lap most At 30 km. Gailly was 53 seconds ahead of Cabrera, and five kilometres later it was of his opponents. Zatopek won in 2/5 sec. inside the half hour, a time which beat the Choi (of Korea) who had snatched the lead, 28 seconds ahead of Cabrera, with Gailly previous Olympic record by practically twelve seconds. Again the total and lap times another three seconds behind, and Richards fifth, 20 seconds behind Gailly. With 5,000 will complete the picture. Note that the average lap time is 72 seconds and that the metres to go, Cabrera was leading, five seconds ahead of Gailly, with Richards another first and last laps were the fastest, 11 seconds behind,

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Gailly's Gallant Failure Sweden won both the walking events. In the 10,000 metres, Mikaelsson, the European Just about half-past five Gailly entered the Stadium, well-nigh exhausted and hardly champion, walking well within himself, won from his fellow Swede, Johansson. During able to drag one foot after the other. Less than 500 yards away was the Olympic Crown the preliminary heats and the final, the previous Olympic record made in 1912 was beaten waiting to be grasped. Only just over a lap of the track to go, but he had covered nearly ten times. The event had not been included in the last three Games. 26 miles. Hardly had he taken half a dozen steps round the Wembley track, when In the 50 km. Ljunggren of Sweden, European champion in 1946, was three minutes another figure entered—Cabrera of the Argentine, and it was plain that he would have no ahead after 10 km., 10 minutes ahead at 25 km. (half distance), and though Godel of difficulty in overhauling his gallant, but practically insensible, Belgian opponent. About Switzerland had reduced the lead to one of six minutes with 5,000 metres to go, Ljunggren ten seconds later Richards entered the Stadium and he, too, had no difficulty in passing won by over six minutes. T. Lloyd Johnson, almost the veteran of the athletics, and the Belgian, who finished third just over half a minute ahead of the South African, Cole­ a competitor at Berlin, was third, only 14 seconds behind Godel. man, who was sixth in the 1956 Games. The 16-second margin between the first two men was even smaller than the distance between Zabala (Argentine) and Ferris (Great A Relay Sensation Britain) at Los Angeles in 1932, but not quite as small as the margin (12.8 seconds) Each of the relays produced its own excitement. In the 4 χ 100 metres, the three by which Hannes Kohlemainen was successful at Antwerp in 1920. U.S.A. 100 metres finalists—Dillard, Ewell and Patton—with Wright, their long The 3,000 metres steeplechase was a triumph for Sweden, who provided the first three jumper, passed the tape a good eight yards ahead of Great Britain. It was then an­ men home—Sjostrand, Elmsater and Hagstrom. Some idea of the speed of modern nounced that the United States team had failed to pass the baton within the first 20-metre steeplechasing may be gathered from the fact that the last lap of 400 metres (including change-over marks, and Great Britain was awarded the victory. The huge crowd did four 3-foot hurdles and the water jump) was 69.6 seconds, and Sjostrand won in 9 min. not relish Britain gaining her only victory in this way, and when, three days later, the 4.6 sec. Elmsater is reported to have beaten 9 minutes on one occasion. Olympic Jury after carefully examining the film of the race reversed the judges' decision, everyone was delighted. The Hurdles The following extract from the New York Times is here included, not just from the The two hurdles events, the 110 and 400 metres, were in a way two of the most remark­ British point of view but because it typifies the spirit which permeated all teams at this able achievements of the Games. Both were won by athletes from the U.S.A., as was mighty Festival of Sport : expected, and in both there was a new Olympic record. " There was a far finer demonstration of sportsmanship than that in connection In the second semi-final of the no metres. Porter, of U.S.A., had equalled Forrest with the event. It was given last Saturday afternoon by the majority of the 83,000 Towns's previous Olympic best, and he seemed just a trifle better than his two fellow spectators in Wembley Stadium—most of them British—just after the United States countrymen, Scott and Dixon. The final was really two races with the three U.S.A. men team that had won by several yards was disqualified. The judicial victory awarded almost neck and neck from start to finish and the others, Triulzi (Argentine), Gardner the British sprinters was the first time the British crowd had had an opportunity to (Australia) and Lidman (Sweden)—a finalist in the Berlin Games—fighting their own cheer a triumph by their countrymen. But the Britons disagreed with the judges. battle some five yards behind. Porter gained a clear win with Scott beating Dixon by They did not want to win even one victory in that way. They gave their loudest inches for second place. The winner beat the previous Olympic best by one-fifth of a cheers to the disqualified Americans, three of whom, incidentally were Negroes. second and the second and third equalled Towns's Berlin record. That is sportsmanship at its best. That will be remembered we believe, long after In many ways the 400 metres hurdles may have been the finest achievement of the many other incidents of the Olympiad are forgotten."—New York Times. whole Games. The semi-final winners, Larsson of Sweden and Cochran of United States, In the 4 χ 400 metre relay the Jamaican team—Wint, McKenley, Rhoden and Laing— both beat the Olympic best time of 5 2.0 sec. made by Hardin in 1932. It will be remem­ were expected to give the quartet from the U.S.A.—Harnden, Bourland, Cochran and bered that when Tisdall won at Los Angeles in 1932 in 51.8 sec. he knocked down the Whitfield—a keen race. Over the third stretch, with the U.S.A. team well ahead, Wint left last hurdle. At that time hurdlers who knocked over a hurdle could not claim a record. the track with an injured muscle, leaving the U.S.A. victors from France by over four In the final Cochran was in the third lane, White of Ceylon in the fifth and Larsson seconds. Great Britain was unlucky not to survive the first round, being drawn in easily of Sweden on the outside. White went off at a terrific pace, but by half distance Cochran, the strongest heat. They might well have finished close to the U.S.A. in the final. hurdling in superb form, was ahead. He won by a huge margin in 51.1 sec., a magnificent victory. White of Ceylon, who was second, had had very little real com­ The Field Events petition before the Games and his achievement of 51.8 sec. deserves the very highest In the high jump the U.S.A. trio were much below their transatlantic form and two of praise. them, Stanich and Edleman were placed third and fourth with 6 ft. 4f in. (1.95 m.).

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Paulson, Norway, was second with the same height, but fewer faults. The winner, J. A. petitors in the 800 metres at Amsterdam, the innovation met with a very mixed reception. Winter of Australia, with 6 ft. 6 in. (1.98 m.), deserves praise for consistent jumping. Though the 800 metres was abandoned after this initial venture, the other events remained, In the pole vault, concluded in pouring rain, O. G. Smith just managed to retain and at Wembley in 1948 three new contests were added, making nine in all. There can the U.S.A.'s unbeaten record in this event. At one time it looked as if Kataja of Finland be no doubt that the public enjoyed the women's competitions very much, and the would gain a most unexpected victory. 14 ft. in. (4.30 m.) was a remarkable achieve­ quadruple victory of Fanny Blankers-Koen of Holland was perhaps the most talked-of ment in the prevailing conditions. Richards of U.S.A. was third. achievement in the whole Games. The long jumping was much below the Berlin standard, when the first six jumpers Blankers-Koen, who holds world records for 100 yards, 80 metres hurdles, high jump beat 25 ft. (7.62 m.). Steele of U.S.A. was easily the best of the finalists with a leap of and long jump, is joint holder of the 100 metres record and was a member of the Dutch 25 ft. 8 in. (7.825 m.), winning with icf inches (.27 m.) to spare over Bruce of Australia, team responsible for two relay world records, began her victorious career at Wembley who beat Douglas of U.S.A. by a quarter of an inch. by winning the 100 metres with a good three yards to spare from Dorothy Manley, of Ahman of Sweden had one and a half inches to spare over Avery of Australia in the Great Britain. Next day in the first heat of the 80 metres hurdles, she beat the previous hop, step and jump, to win with 50 ft. 6|- in. (15.40 m.) and Sarialp, Turkey, was third. Olympic best by 3/10 second, equalling the existing world record of 11.3 sec., of which Again the standard was lower than at Berlin. Not so the performances in the weight, she was the joint holder. Her present world record of 11.ο sec., made before the discus and throwing the hammer. Games, had not at that time been recognised by the International Federation. In the second heat of the hurdles Maureen Gardner of Great Britain equalled the previous In the weight the first three competitors, Thompson, Delaney and Fuchs, all of the Olympic Games best, and in the semi-final she just managed by great determination to U.S.A., which was not represented by Fonville, their best putter and the world record- squeeze her way into the final. holder, all beat the previous Olympic best. The winner, with 56 ft. 2 in. (17.12 m.) was three feet (.92 m.) better than Woelike of Germany in Berlin. A Thrilling Final An Italian Duel This final was one of the most thrilling events of the Games, with Gardner ahead at All three medallists in the discus beat the Olympic record. Consolini of Italy, whose the first hurdle, clearing her fences throughout with great precision, and though behind duels with his compatriot, Tosi, were one of the features of the 1948 season, was the victor Blankers-Koen at the final hurdle, finishing gallantly to be beaten by about one foot, with with 173 ft. 2 in. (52.78 m.), Tosi being second and Gordien (U.S.A.) third. Shirley Strickland of Australia inches away, third. Both Blankers-Koen and Gardner were clocked at 11.2 seconds, a new Olympic best performance. Overshadowed by The all-round standard of the hammer throwing was better than that at Berlin, though Blankers-Koen, Strickland has not had sufficient praise for her all-round achievements at Nemeth (Hungary), the eventual winner, did not improve the Olympic best. His win­ Wembley ; she was third in the 100 metres and 80 metres hurdles, fourth in the 200 ning distance was 183 ft. ιι·| in. (56.07 m.). Gubijan of Yugoslavia was second and metres and a member of the Australian relay team which finished second, 1/10 second Bennett of the U.S.A., third. behind the Dutch. Finland gained her only 1948 athletic victory in the javelin, although Rautavaara's Blankers-Koen was even more outstanding in the 200 metres than in her other two performance of 228 ft. io|- in. (69.77 m.) would not have placed him in the first three in Berlin. Seymour of the U.S.A. was second, and Varszegi of Hungary, third. victories, winning easily from Audrey Williamson of Great Britain in 24.4 seconds (having recorded 1/10 second faster time in the semi-finals). The entries for the decathlon numbered 35, with the result that it was not concluded until 11 p.m. on Friday evening, August 6. Many of the competitors had been on the track for over 12 hours, and in the circumstances the performance of Mathias, Two Victories for Ostermeyer the 17-year-old boy from U.S.A., with 7,139 points, the only competitor to beat 7,000, In the field events Ostermeyer of France with two victories (both Olympic bests) in was phenomenal. Heinrich (France) was second with 6,974, and Simmons, also of the the weight and the discus, and third place in the high jump, deserves the fullest recognition. U.S.A., third with 6,950. Kistenmacher (Argentine) who had led at the end of the first In the weight she put 45 ft. i-| in. (13.75 m.) and in the discus she threw 137 ft. 6| in. day, was only fourth, with 6,929 points, at the conclusion of the competition. (41.92 m.). In both events second place was gained by Italy, respectively by A. Piccinini and E. Cordiale Gentile. The Woman's Events Blankers-Koen did not appear in either the long jump or the high jump, although at It is only 20 years since women's track and field events were first introduced into her best she could have won both. The long jump was won by V. Gyarmati (Hungary) the Olympic Games, and then, owing to the temporary distress of some of the com­ with 18 ft. 8J in. (5.695 m.).

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION The high jump produced one of the most thrilling duels imaginable. Both the winner, Alice Coachman, a coloured athlete from the U.S.A.,and Dorothy Tyler of Great Britain, OFFICERS AND JURY OF APPEAL who as Dorothy Odam had been runner-up in Berlin while still a schoolgirl, cleared 5 ft. President 6| in. (1.68 m.) for a new Olympic best performance. The fact that Coachman cleared THE RT. HON. THE LORD BURGHLEY, KCMG. Great Britain this height at her first attempt while Tyler required a second jump decided the tie in Coachman's favour. So close was this contest throughout that had Tyler also cleared this Honorary Secretary-Treasurer height at her first attempt she would have been the winner by reason of having fewer E. J. H. HOLT, OBE. Great Britain failures throughout the whole competition. AVERY BRUNDAGE, United States

In the javelin, the winner, H. Bauma, of Austria, who was fourth in Berlin, beat the P. MERICAMP, France previous best with a throw of 149 ft. 6 in. (45.57 m.), although until the last throw K. Parviainen (Finland), who was second, had been leading. L. MIETTINEN, Έinland A. PAULEN, Holland So far as victories in the men's events were concerned, Belgian, Czechoslovakian and Jamaican athletes gained victories for the first time, while competitors from Ceylon, B. KOPAL, Chechoslovakia Panama and Turkey were placed in the first six for the first time.

OFFICIALS

Arena Manager Judges Track Walking D. T. P. Pain {Track) (Throwing) W. C. Jewell J. C.'McPhail J. B. Belchamber Assistant I. Allcock G. M. Adam H. Evans Managers L. B. Bishop J. E. Clarke G. R. Goodwin R. C. Mawbey D. G. Caswall R. T. Cooling J. Drummond A. W. Green H. W. Ellsey W. J. Palmer K. R. Cooper E. Parslow W. J. Pepper G. Jones P. S. Gale J. Littleover P. T. King Grayson Stone A. A. Harley {Walk) G. F. McCombc H. E. Winter {Marathon) A. Macfie M. C. Nokes A. D. Thwaites G. Peat E. Tomlinson J. C. Rice Women hiaison Officer (J.A.A.F.) A. E. Wotton C. W. Starnes Field Event }. W. Turner R. W. L. Thrasher Judges Judges' W. E. Wilde Mrs. Palmer Keeper of the Stewards E. R. Walker Mrs. Hayward Implements Mrs. Neal A. Howard Mrs. Cornell C. O. Alexander A. G. White Mrs. Taylor Steward to (Jumping) Timekeepers Competitors' Keeper of the S. E. J. Best W. C. A. Findlay Stewards Implements {Chief) N. W. Easlea E. J. Reynolds D. McSwein Judges J. R. Ellick {Dep. Chief) ( Tumping) G. Gould Announcers (English) H. A. Hathway A. B. Wignall F. Hall H. Green B. C. Long W. Carmichael C. M. Howell T. D. Morrison H. P. McCormack K. S. Duncan W. H. King S. R. West H. Ruddock P. Fish T. Matthewman A. C. Cook J. Turner R. St. G. T. Harper E. Gough R. Taylor J. Higginson Announcer H. R. Walker H. A. Langley Competitors' {French) S. C. Wright F. E. Neal Stewards A. Millet C. H. J. Ward W. D. Stretton (Women) A. W. Taylor Mrs. Pope Referee Referee L. R. Truelove Mrs. Bashford (Track) (Throwing) B. Shillington Mrs. Amies J. Gilbert E. H. L. Clynes T. Porter Miss Curson

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OFFICIALS—continued

Enclosure Decathlon Marksmen H. F. Armstrong Stewards Recorders E. A. Duffett E. Trigg H. L. S. McCarthy G. Nicol J. C. Simmons CO H. W. Payne J. Alvey, R.M. F. W. Norris Miss A. F. O'Connor F. W. Moulder Miss D. V. Crook Press Clerks P. W. Malaghan Stewards Wind Gauge of the Course (Track) C. E. Musselwhite (J T. S. Fairhurst R. W. Revans Observers S. A. Tomlin F. W. Collins W. J. Wareham E. D. Jenner T. Hampson E. W. Stockdale P. G. Goodeve-Docker Clerk T. W. Barrett A. A. Goodwin eu s â s Official o f the Course (Field) N. Griffiths a Ρ υ υ Surveyor H. W. Harbin 3 § . >.2 R. F. Kerslake E. R. Powell J. Solomons D. Harvey ffi S^Q From Wembley C. A. Sinfield TJ Chief Steward J. Sinfield G ω 1/3 ω ω B. Dagnall . Λ J3 Λ T. Cannon H W 3 Ci Λ a e X a\ dW sp\ Οο Ο ο Ο. I · H ) 5 οU "-Ν Ci, «Û •< Ο Ο . Λ 2 C ^Η Cmοο *+-1Ν '-Μcr\ M >-—>,J-J 3C tk 5 0 0 0 0 Ο ΗJ 4JM ΜVI -ΜV4 -ΜVI -yω fan H J ^ +J Μ -M Ρ 5 C/D (Λ (Λ ^ ^ ΟI & È ο Κ h-1 <ί J

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Athletic Timetable Wednesday, August 4th 11. ο a.m. Throwing the Javelin (qualifying trials). The following table shows the daily programme and timing of the athletics events 11. ο a.m. Long Jump, women (qualifying trials). 11. ο a.m. Putting the Shot, women (qualifying trials). Friday, July 30th 2.30 p.m. Throwing the Javelin (final). 3. ο p.m. 80 metres hurdles, women (final). 11. ο a.m. High Jump (qualifying trials). 3.15 p.m. 110 metres hurdles (semi-finals). 2.30 p.m. 400 metres hurdles (first round). 3.30 p.m. 400 metres (first round). 3. ο p.m. 100 metres (first round). 4.30 p.m. 1,500 metres (heats). 3.30 p.m. Throwing the Discus, women (final). 4.30 p.m. Long Jump, women (final). 4. ο p.m. 800 metres (first round). 5. ο p.m. Putting the Shot, women (final). 4.30 p.m. High Jump (final). 5. ο p.m. no metres hurdles (final). 5. ο p.m. 400 metres hurdles (semi-finals). 5.15 p.m. 400 metres (second round). 5.30 p.m. 100 metres (second round). 6. ο p.m. 10,000 metres (final). Thursday, August 5 th Saturday, July 31st 10.30 a.m. Decathlon, 100 metres. 10. ο a.m. Throwing the Hammer (qualifying trials). 11.30 a.m. Decathlon, Long Jump. 11. ο a.m. Long Jump (qualifying trials). 3. ο p.m. 400 metres (semi-finals). 11. ο a.m. Pole Vault (qualifying trials). 3. ο p.m. Decathlon, Putting the Shot. 1.15 p.m. 50 kilometres road walk. 3.30 p.m. 200 metres, women (first round). 2.30 p.m. Throwing the Javelin, women (final). 4. ο p.m. Decathlon, High Jump. 2.30 p.m. 100 metres (semi-finals). 4.15 p.m. 3,000 metres steeplechase (final). 2.45 p.m. 100 metres, women (first round). 4.45 p.m. 400 metres (final). 3.15 p.m. 800 metres (semi-finals). 5. ο p.m. 200 metres, women (semi-finals). 3.30 p.m. 400 metres hurdles (final). 5.30 p.m. Decathlon, 400 metres. 3.30 p.m. Throwing the Hammer (final). 3.45 p.m. 100 metres (final). Friday, August 6th 4. ο p.m. 5,000 metres (heats). 4.45 p.m. Long Jump (final). 10.30 a.m. Decathlon, no metres hurdles. 11.30 a.m. Decathlon, Throwing the Discus. Monday, August 2nd 2.30 p.m. Decathlon, Pole Vault. 4. ο p.m. 400 metres relay (heats). 11. ο a.m. Throwing the Discus (qualifying trials). 4.30 p.m. Decathlon, Throwing the Javelin. 2.30 p.m. 200 metres (first round). 4.30 p.m. 200 metres, women (final). 2.30 p.m. Pole Vault (final). 5. ο p.m. 1,500 metres (final). 3.30 p.m. Throwing the Discus (final). 5.30 p.m. 1,600 metres relay (heats). 3.30 p.m. 100 metres, women (semi-finals). 6.30 p.m. Decathlon, 1,500 metres. 4. ο p.m. 800 metres (final). 4.15 p.m. 200 metres (second round). 4.45 p.m. 100 metres, women (final). Saturday, August 7th 5. ο p.m. 5,000 metres (final). 3. ο p.m. Marathon. 3.15 p.m. 400 metres relay, women (heats). Tuesday, August 3rd 3.30 p.m. 400 metres relay (final). 10.30 a.m. 10,000 metres walk (heats). 3.35 p.m. High Jump, women (final). 11. ο a.m. Hop, Step and Jump (qualifying trials). 3.45 p.m. 10,000 metres walk (final). 11. ο a.m. Putting the Shot (qualifying trials). 4.40 p.m. 400 metres relay, women (final). 3. ο p.m. 80 metres hurdles, women (first round). 4.50 p.m. 1,600 metres relay (final). 3.30 p.m. 200 metres (semi-finals). 3.30 p.m. Hop, Step and Jump (final). 3.45 p.m. 110 metres hurdles (first round). 4. ο p.m. Putting the Shot (final). 4.15 p.m. 3,000 metres steeplechase (heats). 5. ο p.m. 80 metres hurdles, women (semi-finals). 5.15 p.m. 200 metres (final).

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS

100 METRES SECOND ROUND The first three in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals Previous Olympic Winners HEAT ι HEAT 2 1896 T. Ε. Burke U.S.A. 12 Ό sec. 1920 C. W. Paddock U.S.A. ιο·8 sec. sees. ι Dillard, H. JJS.A 10·,=•4 ι Ewell, H. U.S.A ιο·5 Ο Ο F. W. Jarvis U.S.A. ιο·8 sec. ιο·6 Ό 1924 H.M. Abrahams Great Britain sec. 2 Lopez Testa, J Uruguay 10·6 2 Macdonald Hailcy, E. Great Britain ιο·6 1904 A. Hahn U.S.A. II ·ο sec. 1928 P. Williams Canada ιο·8 sec. 3 Jones, Κ Great Britain 10-7 3 Curotta, M Australia ιο·8 1908 R. E. Walker South Africa ιο·8 sec. 1932 E. Tolan as. A. ιο·3 sec. 4 Zanoni Hausen, I Brazil. — 4 Lewis, G. Trinidad. — 5 Haggis, Ε Canada — 5 Goldovanyi, Β Hungary — R. C. Craig U.S.A. ιο·8 ιο·3 1912 sec. 1936 J. Owens U.S.A. sec. 6 Rodrigues 6 Clausen, Η Iceland —

< VenS de Morais, J Portugal — World Record: -fIO'2Sec· /l ï /TVcChicago, 1930 l^io 2 sec. H. Davis (U.S.A.) California, 194 Olympic Record: 10.3 sec. J. Owens (U.S.A.) Berlin, 1936

HEAT 5 HEAT 4 sees, sees. ι Patton, M U.S.A 10^4 ι Labeach, L Panama ιο·5 2 McCorquodale, A Great Britain 10·5 2 Treloar, J Australia 10-5 There were 75 entries from 37 nations ; 66 participants from 34 nations 3 Bartram, J Australia 10-6 3 Fortun Chacon, R Cuba ιο·6 4 Valmy, R France — 4 Pereira da Silva, H. ..Brazil. — 5 Fayos, M. Uruguay — 5 Bonnhoff, G Argentine — 6 Van de Wiele, I Belgium — 6 Phillips, Ε India — FIRST ROUND The first two in each heat qualified for the Second Kound

HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 SEMI-FINALS sees. sees. sees. The first three in each heat qualified for the Final ι Ewell, H U.S.A ' ιο·5 ι Patton, M U.S.A ιο·6 ι Labeach, L Panama ιο·5 2 McGorquodale, A Great Britain 10-5 2 Zanoni Hausen, I Brazil 10-9 2 Goldovanyi, Β Hungary 11 ·ο HEAT ι HEAT 2 3 Laing, L Jamaica ΪΙ·Ο 3 O'Brien, J Canada itvp 3 Mahoney, F Bermuda ιι·8 sees. 4 Garcia Delgado, A....Cuba — 4 Lapuente, F 4 Rhoden, V. Jamaica — ι Dillard, Η < U.S.A 10-5 ι Patton, M U.S.A. ιο·4 5 Jacono, Ν Malta — 5 Gosset, H 5 Salvador Paquete, T. Portugal — 2 Ewell, Η U.S.A. 10-5 2 Labeach, L Panama ιο·5 6 Rodrigues Silva, G...Mexico.. 6 de Saram, J Ceylon — 3 McCorquodale, Λ (τΚβαί Britain ιο·η 3 Macdonald Bailey, E. Grea/Br/Va/» ιο·6 4 Bartram, J Australia — 4 Treloar, J Australia — 5 Lopez Testa, J Uruguay — 5 Fortun Chacon, R Cuba — 6 Curotta, M Australia — 6 Jones, Κ Great Britain — HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 sees. sees. ι Lopez Testa, J Uruguay. 10-5 ι Dillard, H U.S.A 10-4 ι Macdonald Bailey, B. Circat Britain ιο·5 2 Jones, Κ Great Britain ιο·6 2 Pereirada Silva, H. ..Brazil 10-6 2 Clausen, Η Iceland u -o 3 Meyer, J Holland ιι·ο 3 Bloch, Ρ Norway 11 ·ι 3 vanHeerden, A South Africa ΙΙΊ 4 Reyes Anchante, M. Peru — 4 Braekman, Ρ Belgium — 4 Silva Anguita, C Chile — FINAL 5 Thorvaldsson, F Iceland —· 5 Lovina, Β Philippines .... — 6 Lines, S Bermuda — 1 DILLARD, H U.S.A ζ EWELL, H U.S.A 3 LABEACH, L Panama HEAT 7 HEAT 8 HEAT 9 McCorquodale, A Great Britain sees. sees. sees. 4 ι Treloar, J Australia 10-5 ι Fortun Chacon, R Cuba 10-7 ι Curotta, M Australia 10-7 5 Patton, M U.S.A 2 Valmy, R France io-8 2 Bartram, J Australia io-8 2 Bonnhofî, G Argentine...... ιο·8 6 5 Csanyi, G Hungary ιι·ι 3 McKenzie, Β Jamaica ιο·8 3 MazorraZamorra, R.C»la ΙΙΊ 4 Isaack, C Argentine — 4 Coudnho da Silva, W..Brazil — 4 Clausen, Ο Iceland — 5 Mukhtar, Ε Egypt.... — 5 Zwaan, J. G Holland — 5 Oztas, R Turkey — 6 Salman, D Iraq — - Johnson, Ρ Bermuda f

HEAT 10 HEAT 11 HEAT 12 sees. sees. sees. ι Lewis, G Trinidad. ιο·8 ι Van de Wiele, I Belgium ... ιο·8 ι Fayos, M Uruguay ιι·ο 2 Haggis, Ε Canada 10-9 2 Rodrigues de 2 Phillips, Ε India ιι·ο 3 Perez, W Uruguay ii-o Morais, J Portugal... 10-9 3 Bartha, L Hungary ιι·ι 4 Ferrando Dietz, S Peru — 3 Labarthe Celery, A Chile ιι·ο 4 Kleyn, J Holland —- 5 Petrakis, S Greece — 4 Butt, M. S Pakistan .. — 5 Aksur, Κ Turkey — 6 Stephan, J France — 6 Maung Sein Pe Burma — 7 Bally, Ε France —

f Disqualified by starter.

242 243

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

SECOND ROUND 200 METRES The first three in wh heat qualified for the Semi-finals Previous Olympic Winners HEAT ι HEAT 2 1900 J. W. B. Tewkesbury U.S.A. 22-2 sec. 1920 A. Woodring U.S.A. 22·ο sec. sees. sees. 1924 J. V. Scholz U.S.A. zi-6 sec. ι McKenley, Η Jamaica 2i'3 ι Bourland, C U.S.A 21-3 1904 A. Hahn U.S.A. 21-6 sec. 2 Ewell, Η U.S.A 2ΐ·8 2 Treloar, J Australia 21 Canada 21-8 sec. 1908 R. Kerr Canada 22-6 sec. 1928 P. Williams 3 Valle, Ρ Great Britain 22 ·ι 3 Pereira da Silva, H. Brazil. 22-0 U.S.A. 2ΐ·2 sec. 1912 R. C. Craig U.S.A. 217 sec. 1932 E. Tolan 4 Lammers, J. Holland — 4 Bonnhoff, G Argentine — 5 Shore, D South Africa — U.S.A. 20.7 sec. 5 Le Bas, J France — 1936 J. Owens 6 Costa Ramos, R Brazil. — 6 de Saram, J Ceylon —

World Record ; 20-3 sec. J. Owens (U.S.A.) Michigan, 1935 Olympic Record ; 20*7 sec. J. Owens (U.S.A.) Berlin, 193^ HEAT 3 HEAT 4 sees· sees. ι Labeach, L Panama 21-7 ι Patton, M U.S.A 21-4 2 Laing, L Jamaica 21-8 2 McCorquodale, A Great Britain 21-8 3 van Heerden, A South Africa 22.9 3 Fortun Chacon, R.....CK^« 22Ό 4 Fairgrieve, J Great Britain — 4 Zanoni Hausen, I Brazil — There were 61 entries from 33 nations ; 50 participants from 26 nations 5 Ferrando Dietz, S Peru — 5 Haggis, Ε Canada — - Lopez Testa, J Uruguay * 6 Butt, M. S. Pakistan —

FIRST ROUND The first two in each heat qualified for the Second Round SEMI-FINALS The first three in each heat qualified for the Final HEAT 2 HEAT 3 HEAT ι sees. sees. sees. HEAT 2 Fortun Chacon, R Cuba 21-9 HEAT ι 21*3 ι Valle, Ρ Great Britain 22-3 ι McKenley, H Jamaica .. Shore, D South Africa 22-1 sees. 2 Haggis, Ε Canada ... 22-2 2 de Saram, J Ceylon 23-1 ι McKenley, Η Jamaica 21-4 ι Bourland, C U.S.A 21-5 Rodrigues de 22-2 3 Lovina, Β Philippines.... 23-2 2 Labeach, L Panama 21-6 3 Clausen, Η Iceland .... Morais, J Portugal 22-6 2 Patton, M. U.S.A 21-6 4 Lines, S Bermuda.. 4 Petrakis, S Greece — 3 Ewell, Η U.S.A 21-8 3 Laing, L Jamaica 21-6 4 Pereira da Silva, H. Brazil. — 4 Treloar, J Australia 5 van Heerden, A South Africa — 5 McCorquodale, h...... Great Britain 6 Valle, Ρ Great Britain — 6 Fortun Chacon, R.....Ca&?

HEAT 5 HEAT 6 HEAT 4 sees. sees. sees. ι Patton, M U.S.A 21-6 ι Ewell, H U.S.A 21-6 ι Le Bas, J France 22-0 2 I.aing, L Jamaica 21-8 2 van Heerden, A. South Africa 21-8 2 Costa Ramos, R Brazil... 22*2 FINAL 3 Geary, G Argentine 23-0 3 Garcia Delgado, Α. .Caèa 22'2 3 McKenzie, Β Jamaica 22-4 4 White, D Ceylon — 4 Linssen, F Belgium sees. 5 Dill, H Bermuda ι PATTON, M U.S.A 21-1 6 Salman, D Iraq 2 EWELL, H U.S.A 21 ·ι 3 LABEACH, L. Panama 21-2 4 McKenley, H Jamaica — 5 Bourland, C U.S.A — HEAT 8 HEAT 9 6 Laing, L Jamaica — HEAT 7 sees. sees. sees. ι Treloar, J Australia 2ΐ·7 ι Bonnhoff, G Argentine 22-2 ι Bourland, C U.S.A 21'3 2 Butt, M. S Pakistan 22-8 2 Fairgrieve, J Great Britain 22-2 2 Pereira da Silva, H. ..Brazil 21-9 3 Oztas, R Turkey 23-0 * Did not compete. 3 Mazorra Zamorra,R. 23ό 3 Lewis, G Trinidad. 22-4 4 Johnson, Ρ Bermuda — 4 Aksur, Κ Turkey — 4 Perez, W. Uruguay — 5 Rodrigues Silva, G. Mexico — 5 Bloch, Ρ Norway —

HEAT 11 HEAT 12 HEAT 10 sees. sees. sees. ι Labeach, L Panama 2ΐ·4 ι McCorquodale, A Great Britain 22-3 ι Lopez Testa, J Uruguay 22-1 2 Lammers, J Holland . 22 Ό 2 FerrandoDietz, S Peru 22-5 2 Zanoni Hausen, I Brazil 22-2 3 Pettie, D Canada... 22-0 3 Bourgaux, F Belgium 22^9 3 Scholten, G Holland. 22-2 4 Fayos, M Uruguay . 4 Bally, Ε France — 5 Stephan, J France

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Xtv OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS

400 METRES SECOND ROUND The first three in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals Previous Olympic Winners HEAT ι HEAT 2 1896 T. E. Burke US.A. 54-2 sec. 1920 B. G. D. Rudd South Africa 49-6 sec. sees. ι Whitfield, M US.A 48-0 ι Wint, A Jamaica 47-7 1900 M. W. Long US.A. 49'4 sec. 1924 Ε. H. Liddell Great Britain 47-6 see. 2 Rhoden, V Jamaica 48-6 2 Curotta, M Australia 48-4 US.A. sec. 1904 H. L. Hillman U.S.A. 49-2 sec. 1928 R. Barbutti 47-8 3 Costa Ramos, R Brazil 487 3 Shore, D South Africa 48-5 1908 W. Halswell Great Britain 50Ό sec. 1932 W. Carr US.A. 46-2 sec. 4 Lewis, L Great Britain 49-2 4 Roberts, W Great Britain 48 ·6 5 Sabolovic, Ζ Yugoslavia .... 49-5 1936 A. F. Williams US.A. 46-5 sec. 5 Vade, Β Norway 49'7 1912 C. D. Reidpath US.A. 48^2 sec. 6 Alnevik, F Sweden 50-6 - Kunnen, Η - · -

World Record : / 46-0 sec. R. Harbig (Germany) Frankfurt, 1939 \46·ο sec. G. Klemmer (U.S.A.) Philadelphia, 1941 Olympic Record : 46-2 sec. W. Carr (U.S.A.) Los Angeles, 1932 HEAT 3 HEAT 4 sees. ι McKenley, Η Jamaica 48-0 ι Bolen, D U.S.A 48-0 2 Guida, G U.S.A 48-0 2 Reardon, J Eire 48^3 3 Larsson, R Sweden 48^8 3 McFarlane, R Canada 48'4 4 Bartram, J Australia 49'9 4 Lundqvist, Κ Sweden 48-4 5 Schewetta, F. France 49-9 5 Pugh, D Great Britain 48-8 6 Racic, M Yugoslavia .... 52-1 6 Lunis, J France 48-9 There were 61 entries from 32 nations ; 53 participants from 28 nations

FIRST ROUND SEMI-FINALS

The first two in each heat qualified for the Second Komd The first three in each heat qualified for the Final

HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 HEAT I HEAT 2 sees. sees. sees. sees. sees. ι Wint, A Jamaica 46-3 ι McKenley, H Jamaica 47-3 .Eire 48'4 ι McKenley, Η Jamaica 48 '4 ι Sabolovic, Z... Yugoslavia .... 49-9 ι Reardon, J 2 Curotta, M Australia 47-2 2 Bolen, D U.S.A 47-9 2 Racic, M.-. ..Yugoslavia .... 50-5 2 Larsson, R Sweden 49^2 2 Lundqvist, K.. Sweden jco 3 Banhalmi, F .Hungary 49-6 3 Pocovi, A Argentine jcy 5 Whitfield, M U.S.A 47-4 3 Guida, G U.S.A 48-3 3 Chen, Ying-Long China 50-9 4 Shore, D South Africa 48-8 4 Aparicio 4 Rosas Ruiz, M, Colombia 51-4 4 Rhoden, V. Jamaica 477 4 Karageorgos, G... .Greece 54'5 5 Costa Ramos, R Brazil 49·! Rodewaldt, J. Colombia 50-8 5 Hasso, L. Iraq 56-8 5 Reardon, J Eire 47-8 - Larsson, R. Sweden * 5 Evans, G. .Argentine 51-8 6 McFarlane, R Canada 517

HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 sees. sees. stcs. FINAL ι Rhoden, V. Jamaica 48-4 ι Lunis, J France 49-3 ι Bolen, D US.A 50-1 2 Shore, D South Africa 49 ·ο 2 Alnevik, F Sweden 50-2 2 Bartram, J Australia 50-8 3 Monges Caldera, C..Mexico 50'9 3 Dill, H. Bermuda 55·ο sees. 3 Hardmeier, Ο Switzerland. .. 49-2 ι WINT, A. Jamaica 46-2 4 Garcia Delgado, K...Cuba 50-2 5 Ramsay, J Ausiralia 50'3 2 McKENLEY, H. Jamaica 46'4 3 WHITFIELD, M U.S.A 46-9 4 Bolen, D US.A 47-2 5 Curotta, M Australia 47-9 HEAT 8 HEAT 9 HEAT 7 6 Guida, G. U.S.A 50-2 sees. sees. sus. 1 Lewis, L; Great Britain 48-9 ι Whitfield, M U.S.A...... 48-3 ι Wint, A Jamaica 477 2 Vade, Β Norway 49-6 2 Roberts, W. Great Britain 48'9 2 Schewetta, F France 48'9 3 VlcCullough, Ε Canada 49-9 3 McFarlane, D Canada 49·5 3 de Saram, J Ceylon 51-2 4 Talia, ( ) Finland 50-4 4 Suvanto, Τ Finland 51'5 4 Keller, W. Switzerland .. 50'5 * Did not compete. 5 Holmberg, R Finland. 50-6 5 Trepp, M Switzerland 50-9 5 Acarbay, Ε Turkey 53-0

HEAT ίο HEAT n HEAT 12 sees. sees. sees. ι Curotta, M Australia 49 ·ι ι Guida, G .....U.S.A 49-0 ι Kunnen, Η Belgium 50-0 2 Costa Ramos, R Brazil 49'2 2 Pugh, D Great Britain 49'3 2 McFarlane, R Canada 50-6 3 Crapet, R France 49-4 3 Ehlers Trostel, G Chile 49-5 3 Sigurdsson, R. Iceland 51-4 4 Horulu, Κ Turkey 51-5 4 Petrakis, S Greece 54·5 4 Hitelman Reitich, ].Chile 51'5 5 Stratakos, S Greece 52-8

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

1500 METRES 800 METRES Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners 896 Ε. H. Flack Australia 4 m. 33-2 sec. 1920 A. G. Hill Great Britain 4 m. i-8 sec. Australia 2 m. 11 sec. 1920 A. G. Hill Great Britain 1 m. 53-4 sec. 1896 Ε. Η. Flack 900 C. Bennett Great Britain 4 m. 6-2 sec. 1924 P. Nurmi Finland 3 m. 53-6 sec. Great Britain 2 m. 1-4 sec. 1924 D. G. A. Lowe Great Britain 1 m. 52-4 sec. 1900 Α. Ε. Tysoe 904 J. D. Lightbody 1928 Η. E. Larva Finland 3 m. 53-2 sec. U.S.A. ι m. 56 sec. 1928 D. G. A. Lowe Great Britain \ m. 51-8 sec. U.S.A. 4 m. 5-4 sec. 1904 J- D· Lightbody 908 M. W. Sheppard 1932 L. Beccali Italy 3 m. 51-2 sec. U.S.A. ι m. 52-8 sec. 1932 T. Hampson Great Britain 1 m. 49-8 sec. U.S.A. 4 m. 3-4 sec. 1908 M. W. Sheppard 912 A. N. S. Jackson Great Britain 3 m. 56-8 sec. 1936 J. E. Lovelock New Zealand 3 m. 47-8 sec. 1912 J. E. Meredith U.S.A. ι m. 51-9 sec. 1956 J. Woodruff U.S.A. ι m. 52-9 sec. 3 m. 43-0 sec. G. Hagg (Sweden) Gothenburg, 1944 World Record : ι m. 46-6 sec. R. Harbig (Germany) Milan, 1939 World Record 3 m. 43-0 sec. L. Strand (Sweden) Malmo, 1947 Olympic Record : ι m. 49-8 sec. T. Hampson (Great Britain) Los Angeles, 1932 Olympic Record : 3 m. 47-8 sec. J. E. Lovelock (New Zealand) Berlin, 1936. There were 44 entries from 26 nations ; 41 participants from 24 nations

FIRST ROUND There were 42 entries from 24 nations ; 37 participants from 22 nations The first four in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals

HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 m. s. m. s. m. s. FIRST ROUND ι Hansenne, M Frame ι 54-6 ι Barten, Η U.S.A MS'6 1 Holst- The first three in each heat qualified for the Final 2 Parlett, H Great Britain 1 55-0 2 Harris, D New Zealand . 1 56-6 Sorensen, N. Denmark 1 54-2 3 Ramsay, J Australia 1 5 5'0 3 White, C Great Britain 156-6 2 Vade, Β Norway 1 54-2 Chambers, R U.S.A 1 54-3 HEAT ι HEAT 2 4 Volkmer, Κ Switzerland.... 1 55-3 4 Rosier, R Belgium 3 m. s. m. s. 5 Torres, A Argentine 1 56-7 5 Mavroidis, B. Greece 1 57'4 4 Brys, J Belgium 1 55-4 Jonsson, Ο Iceland 1 55'4 ι Strand, L Sweden 3 54-2 ι Slijkhuis, W Holland 3 52'4 6 Lee, Yun Suk Korea 2 1-4 6 Mongrut 5 2 Jorgensen, Ε Denmark 3 54-2 2 Cevona, V Czechoslovakia 3 53·° Munoz, A. Peru 1 58-7 6 Parnell, C. Canada 1 55'7 - Khedr, R Fgypt * 3 Gehrmann, D U.S.A 3 54-8 3 Johansson, D Finland. 3 54-0 - Christensen, H. . - Denmark * - Adarraga 4 de Ruyter, F Holland 3 55-2 4 Hutchins, J Canada 54-4 - Onel, C Turkey * Elizaran, J. Spain * 5 Luoto, Τ Finland. 358-0 5 Wilson, D Great Britain.. 54-8 6 Klein, Η France 3 59-8 6 Eischen, C U.S.A 0-2 HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 - Onel, C Turkey * - Mavroidis, Β Greece m. s. m. s. m. s. - Barry, J FJre * - Adarraga ι Wint, A Jamaica 1 53-9 ι Ljunggren, Ο Sweden 1 56-1 ι Whitfield, M U.S.A 1 52-8 - Salmond, C. Canada * Elizaran, J Spain 2 de Ruyter, F Holland 1 54-4 2 Chef d'hotel, R. Trance 1 56-2 2 Bengtsson, I Sweden 1 52-9 - Mongrut - Tull, W Trinidad 3 Barthel, J Uuxemhourg. .. ι 54-8 3 Streuli, H. Switzerland . .. 1 56-5 3 Hutchins, J Canada 1 55'5 Munoz, A 'Peru * 4 Winter, V Chechoslovakia 1 55Ί 4 Tarraway, Η Great Britain 1 56-6 4 Mayordome, G. France 1 55-7 5 Strâtakos, S Greece 2 2-2 5 Henniger, Ε Canada 1 55'4 5 Avalos, A. Argentine 1 56-6 6 Ishman, R Turkey 2 1-1 HEAT 3 HEAT 4 6 Tull, W Trinidad 155-7 m. s. m. s. - Dincturk, S Turkey * - Karageorgos, G. Greece * ι Eriksson, Η Sweden 3 53'8 ι Bergkvist, G Sweden 3 2 Nankeville, G Great Britain.. 3 55-8 2 Hansenne, M France 3 52-8 SEMI-FINALS 3 Barthel, J Luxembourg.... 3 56-4 3 Garay, S Hungary 3 5 3·° 4 Vernier, J France 3 57-6 4 Sink, R U.S.A 3 53-2 The first three in each heat qualified for the Final 5 Palmeiro, M Argentine 4 i-6 5 Wiling, Κ Norway 3 54-6 6 Jonsson, Ο Iceland 4 3-2 6 Morris, R. A Great Britain.. 355-8 HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 - Ishman, R Turkey * - Hubler, Η Switzerland .... * m. s. m. s. m. s. - Parnell, C Canada * - Lee, Yun Suk Korea * 1 1 ι Hansenne, M France 1 50-5 ι Bengtsson, I Sweden 1 51-2 ι Barten, Η U.S.A J '? - Poyan Diaz, D. .. Spain * - Nielsen, I. Β. B... Denmark * 2 Whitfield, M U.S.A 1 50-7 2 Wint, A Jamaica 1 52-7 2 Chef d'hotel, R... France 1 52-0 3 Parlett, H. Great Britain.. 1 50-9 3 Chambers, R U.S.A 1 52-9 3 Holst- 4 Hutchins, J Canada 1 52-6 4 Mayordome, G... France ι 54'3 Sorensen, Ν Denmark 1 52-4 5 Brys, J Belgium 1 53'2 5 Ramsay, J. Australia 1 54-9 4 Ljunggren, Ο Sweden ι 52-5 6 Barthel, J Luxembourg.... 1 54-6 6 Winter, V Czechoslovakia 1 57-7 5 White, C Great Britain.. 153-0 FINAL - Vade, Β Norway * - Harris, D New Zealand.. * 6 de Ruyter, F Holland 1 54-6 m. s. - Volkmer, Κ Switzerland .... * - Tarraway, Η Great Britain.. * - Rosier, R Belgium * ι ERIKSSON, Η Sweden 3 49-8 - Streuli, H Switzerland .... * 2 STRAND, L Sweden 3 50-4 FINAL 3 SLIJKHUIS, W .... Holland 3 50-4 m. s. 4 Cevona, V Czechoslovakia j 51-2 ι WHITFIELD, M U.S.A 1 49^ 5 Bergkvist, G. Sweden 3 52-2 2 WINT, A Jamaica 1 49'5 6 Nankeville, G. Great Britain 3 52-6 3 HAN SENNE, M. France 1 4ys - Jorgensen, Ε Denmark * 4 Barten, H U.S.A 1 50-1 - Gehrmann, D U.S.A * 5 Bengtsson, I Sweden 1 50-5 - Johansson, D Finland. * 6 Chambers, R U.S.A τ }2·ΐ - Barthel, J Luxembourg * - Chef d'hotel, R France * - Hansenne, M France * - Holst-Sorensen, Ν Denmark * - Garay, S Hungary * - Parlett, H. Gieat Britain * • Also competed. * Also competed. 248 249

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS

5000 METRES 10000 METRES

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners

1912 H. Kolehmainen Finland 14 m. 36*6 sec. 1928 V. Ritola Finland 14 m. 38*0 sec. 1912 H. Kolehmainen Finland 31m. 20-8 sec. 1928 P. Nurmi Finland 30 m. ι8·8 sec. 1920 J. Guillemot France 14 m. 5 5 -6 sec. 1932 L. Lehtinen T'inland 14 m. 30-0 sec. 1920 P. Nurmi Finland 31 m. 45-8 sec. 1932 J. Kusocinski Poland 30 m. 11-4 sec. 14 m. 22-2 sec. 1924 P. Nurmi Finland 14 m. 31 ·2 sec. 1936 G. Hockert Finland 1924 V. Ritola Finland 30 m. 23"2 sec. 1936 I. Salminen Finland 30 m. 15-4 sec.

World Record : 13 m. 58-2 sec. G. Hagg (Sweden) Gothenburg, 1942 World Record : 29 m. 35-4 sec. V. Heino (Finland) Helsinki, 1944 Olympic Record : 14 m. 22-2 sec. G. Hockert (Finland) Berlin, 1936 Olympic Record : 30 m. 11-4 sec. J. Kusocinski (Poland) Los Angeles, 1932

There were 37 entries from 21 nations ; 33 participants from 20 nations There were 32 entries from 18 nations ; 27 participants from 15 nations

FIRST ROUND m. s. ι ZATOPEK, Ε Chechoslovakia 29 59-6 The first four in each heat qualified for the Final 2 MIMOUN-O-KACHA, A. France 30 47-4 3 ALBERTSSON, Β Sweden 30 53'6 HEAT 2 HEAT 3 HEAT ι 4 Stokken, M Norway 30 58·6 m. s. tn. s. m. s. ι Nyberg, Ε Sweden 14 58*2 ι Ahlden, Ε Sweden 14 34'2 ι Slijkhuis, W. Holland 15 6·8 5 Dennolf, S Sweden 31 5-0 2 Koskela, V Finland. 14 58-3 2 Zatopek, Ε Chechoslovakia 14 54-4 2 Reiff, G Belgium 15 7-0 6 Abdallah, Β France 31 7'8 3 Stone, C U.S.A 14 58-6 3 Makela, V Finland. 14 45'8 3 Albertsson, B. .. Sweden 15 7·8 4 Van de 4 Stokken, M Norway 15 4-4 4 Perala, H Finland 15 7-8 - Bralo, R Argentine * Wattyne, M... Belgium 15 14-0 5 Pouzieux, M Frame 15 9-8 5 Thompson, J. ... U.S.A 15 8-4 - Cox, S Great Britain 6 Mimoun-o- 5 Vernier, J. M. France 15 29-8 6 Rojo - Everaert, R Belgium 6 Nelson, W. New Zealand.. 15 34-4 Sagredo, G. Spain 15 19-0 Kacha, A. France 15 ιι·2 - Lataster, J Holland * - Lucas, W Great Britain . * - Olney, Η Great Britain.. * - Fahy, P. Eire - Salmond, C. Canada * - Lou, Wen-Ngau China * - Alarcon, Ε Mexico * - Goffberg, H U.S.A - Braughton, J Great Britain * - jVlav rapost:olos,B.Greece * - Gunther, E. Switzerland .... * - Guinez, Ε Argentine - Ramjohn, M Trinidad * - Shim, Β Korea * - Poulsen, A Denmark + - Ozcan, M Turkey Î - Heino, V ; Finland. - Barry, J Hire J - Robison, C. F... U.S.A Î - Heinstrom, Ε Finland. - Kjersem, J Norway - Kononen, S Finland - Lataster, J Holland - Lou, Wen-Ngau China FINAL - McCooke, S Great Britain - Miranda Justo, C Spain J'. - Nelson, W. New Zealand ι REIFF, G Belgium 14 17-6 - O'Toole, Ε U.S.A 2 ZATOPEK, Ε Chechoslovakia 14 17-8 - Paris, A France 3 SLIJKHUIS, W. Holland 14 26-8 - Peters, J Great Britain 4 Ahlden, Ε Sweden 14 28-6 - Ramjohn, M Trinidad 5 Albertsson, Β Sweden 14 39-0 - Rojo Sagtedo, G Spain 6 Stone, C. U.S.A. 14 39· \ - Wilt, F U.S.A - Koskela, V Finland. * - Van de Wattyne, M Belgium * * Also competed. - Makela, V Finland. * - Perala, H Finland. + - Nyberg, Ε Sweden + - Stokken, M. Norway f

* Also competed. f Did not compete. î Did not finish.

251 250

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS

MARATHON MARATHON—continued

Previous Olympic Winners INTERMEDIATE PLACINGS

Greece 2 h. 58 m. 50 sec. 1920 H. Kohlemainen Finland 2 h. 32 m. 35-8 sec 1896 S. Louis At ίο Kilometres At 20 Kilometres 1900 M. Theato France 2 h. 59 m. 45 sec. 1924 A. Stenroos Finland 2 h. 41 m. 22·6 sec 1904 T. J. Hicks U.S.A. 3 h. 28 m. 5 5 sec. 1928 El Ouafi France 2 h. 32 m. 57 sec m. s. m. s. 2 h. 31 m. 36 sec 1908 J. J. Hayes U.S.A. 2 h. 55 m. 18-4 sec. 1932 J. C. Zabala Argentine ι Gailly Belgium 34 34 ι Gailly Belgium 9 29 1912 Κ. Κ. McArthur South Africa 2 h. 36 m. 54-8 sec. 1936 K. Son Japan 2 h. 29 m. 19-2 sec 2 Lou China 34 46 2 Lou China 9 53 There is no official world record for this event. 3 Josset France 35 3 3 Guinez Argentine 10 34 4 Guinez Argentine 33 5 4 Josset France ID 36 Olympic Record : 2 h. 29 m. 19-2 sec. K. Son (Japan) Berlin, 1936 3 Hietanen Finland. 35 9 3 Ostling Sweden ID 40 6 Kurikkala Finland. 33 n 6 Cabrera Argentine IO 31 7 Ostling Sweden 33 11 7 Kurikkala Finland. 10 54 There were 44 entries from 23 nations ; 41 participants from 21 nations 8 Choi Korea 33 13 8 Luyt South Africa 11 8 9 Sensini Argentine 33 36 9 Choi Korea II 18 h. m. s. 10 Cabrera Argentine 33 42 10 Holden Great Britain II 18 ι CABRERA, D. Argentine 2 34 51-6 11 Holden Great Britain. .. 33 42 11 Sensini Argentine II 42 2 RICHARDS, T. Great Britain 2 35 7-6 12 Piesset France 33 49 12 Coleman South Africa II 47 3 GAILLY, E. Belgium 2 35 53-6 13 Luyt South Africa .... 55 50 13 Heino Finland. 11 47 4 Coleman, J South Africa 2 36 fro 14 Richards Great Britain.... 33 51 14 Richards Great Britain 11 47 5 Guinez, Ε Argentine 2 36 36-0 13 Melin Sweden 33 34 15 Piesset _ France 12 23 6 Luyt, S South Africa 2 38 ii-o ' 7 Ostling, G Sweden 2 38 40-6 16 Coleman South Africa .... 35 33 16 Suh Korea 12 3 I 8 Systad, J Norway 2 38 41-0 17 Suh Korea 35 53 17 Melin Sweden 12 56 9 Sensini, A Argentine 2 39 30-0 18 Heino Finland. 35 55 18 Larsen Denmark. 13 40 10 Larsen, H. K. Denmark 2 41 22-0 19 Schiesser Switzerland 33 38 19 Schiesser Switzerland 14 17 11 Heino, V Finland..·. 241 32·ο 20 Larsen Oenmark 36 5 20 Kiss Hungary 14 17 12 Melin, A Sweden 2 42 20·0 21 Kiss Hungary 36 10 21 Systad Norway 14 24 13 Kurikkala, J Finland. 2 42 46^0 22 Frischknecht ... Switzerland 36 16 22 Kelley U.S.A 14 24 14 Vogel, Τ U.S.A. 2 45 27-0 15 Imostroza Arancibia, A. Chile 2 47 48 -o 23 Kyriakidis Greece 36 30 23 Kyriakidis Greece 14 24 16 Evans, L Canada 248 7-0 24 Koru Turkey 36 33 24 Frischknecht.... Switzerland 14 38 17 Cote, G Canada 2 48 51*0 25 Kelley U.S.A 36 40 25 Hong Korea 13 II 18 Kyriakidis, S Greece 2 49 o-o 26 Hong Korea 36 44 26 Vogel U.S.A 13 16 19 Kiss, J Hungary 2 50 zo-o 27 Systad Norway 36 49 27 Fedorick Canada 13 24 20 Koru, S Turkey 251 7-0 28 Fedorick Canada 36 34 28 Ragazos Greece 15 27 21 Kelley, J. A U.S.A 2 31 jôo 29 Ragazos Greece 37 1 22 Schiesser, Κ Switzerland 2 52 9-0 29 Koru Turkey 13 36 23 Fedorick, W Canada 2 52 12*0 30 Singh India. 37 4 30 Cote Canada 16 I 24 Manninen, A. U.S.A 2 36 49-0 31 Jones Great Britain. .. 37 7 31 Hietanen Finland. 16 6 23 Hong, Chong Oh Korea 2 36 32-0 32 Hakansson Sweden 37 16 32 Singh India 16 21 26 Mulvihill, F Eire 2 57 33-0 33 Jutz Switzerland 37 20 33 Evans Canada 17 7 27 Suh, Y Korea 2 59 36-0 34 Vogel U.S.A 37 34 28 Hakansson, S Sweden 3 ο g-o 34 Jutz Switzerland 17 18 33 Cote Canada 37 36 29 jutz, J Switzerland 3 3 5 3 ·ο 33 Imostroza 30 Jones, S Great Britain 3 9 ι6·ο 36 Evans Canada 37 46 Arancibia .... Chile 17 31 37 Costantino Italy 38 16 — Choi, Yun Chil Korea * 36 Jones Great Britain 17 36 — Costantino, S Italy * 38 Imostroza 37 Hakansson Sweden 18 11 — Cousin, Ρ France * Arancibia .... Chile 38 18 — Frischknecht, Η Switzerland * 39 Mulvihill Fire 38 30 38 Manninen U.S.A 18 48 — Hietanen, M Finland. * 40 Manninen U.S.A 39 14 39 Mulvihill Eire 19 45 — Holden, J Great Britain * — Josset, R France * — Lou, Wen-Ngau China * — Piesset, A France * — Ragazos, A Greece * — Singh, C India *

* Also competed.

252 253

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

MARATHON—continued 110 METRES HURDEES

1Ν TERM EDI ATE PLACING S—CO« tinned Previous Olympic Winners

1896 T. P. Curtis U.S.A. IJ-6 sec. 1920 E. Thomson Canada 14-8 sec. At 25 Kilometres At 30 Kilometres 1900 A. C. Kraenzlein U.S.A. 15-4 sec. 1924 D. Kinsey U.S.A. 15-0 sec. ι Gailly Belgium 27 27 ι Gailly 1904 F. W. Schule U.S.A. ι6·ο sec. 1928 S. J. M. Atkinson South Africa 14-8 sec. 2 Guinez Argentine 28 8 2 Guinez Argentine 1908 F. C. Smithson U.S.A. 15-0 sec. 1932 G. Saling U.S.A. 14-6 sec. Ostling Sweden 28 26 3 Choi Korea 1912 F. W. Kelly U.S.A. 15-1 sec. 1936 F. G. Towns U.S.A. 14-2 sec. Cabrera Argentine 28 28 4 Cabrera Argentine Luyt South Africa 28 42 5 Ostling Sweden World Record ·/13·7 sec· F· G. Towns (U.S.A.) Oslo, 1936 Lou China 29 6 Luyt South Africa \ 13-7 sec. F. Wolcott (U.S.A.) Philadelphia, 1941 Heino Finland 29 7 Richards Great Britain Olympic Record : 14-1 sec. F. G. Towns (U.S.A.) Berlin, 1936 Choi Korea 29 8 Heino Finland. 9 Kurikkala Finland 29 10 9 Sensini Argentine 10 Holden Great Britain 29 28 10 Kurikkala Finland. 11 Richards Great Britain 29 32 11 Coleman South Africa 12 Sensini Argentine — 2 12 Systad Norway 9 34 There were 29 entries from 18 nations ; 28 participants from 18 nations 13 Coleman South Africa 30 11 13 Melin Sweden 14 Sun Korea 31 21 14 Vogel U.S.A The event was over 10 flights of hurdles each 3 ft. 6 ins. (106 cm.) high 15 Piesset France 31 50 15 Larsen Denmark 16 Melin Sweden 32 12 16 Suh Korea 17 Larsen Denmark 32 38 17 Piesset France 18 Systad Norway. 32 49 18 Kelley U.S.A FIRST ROUND 8 19 Kiss Hungary 19 Vogel U.S.A 33 The first two in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals 20 Kelley U.S.A 33 16 20 Schiesser Switzerland 21 Kiss Hungary 33 38 21 Hong Korea HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 22 Schiesser Switzerland 33 39 22 Kyriakidis Greece s. 23 Hong Korea 33 53 23 Cote Canada ι Porter, W U. S.A... 14-3 ι Scott, C. L U.S.A 14-8 ι Triulzi, A Argentine 14-6 24 Kyriakidis Greece 33 58 24 Fedorick Canada 2 Braekman, P. hi urn 15*2 2 Frayer, H France 15-5 2 Gardner, Ρ Australia ΐ4·6 25 Cote Canada 35 6 25 Kom Turkey 3 Recordon 3 Rendin, Β Sweden 15'5 3 Suarez 26 Fedorick Canada 35 10 26 Imostroza Burnier, M. Chile 15'3 4 Petropoulakis, L... Greece — Molezun, M Spain 15-9 Arancibia ... Chile 27 Koru Turhy 35 28 4 Barkway, R Great Britain.. — 4 Birrell, J Great Britain.. — 28 Evans Canada 36 32 27 Evans Canada 5 Berkay, Ε Turkey — 5 Omiros- 29 Ragazos Greece. 36 39 28 Manninen U.S.A. 34 Crosfield, Ρ Greece — 30 Imostroza 29 Ragazos Greece 29 Arancibia . .. Chile 37 4 30 Mulvihill FLire 30 31 Frischknecht... Switzerland 37 7 31 Jutz Switzerland 36 HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 32 Hakansson Sweden ...... η 32 Manninen U.S.A 38 30 49 s. s. s. 33 Jutz Switzerland 38 46 33 Jones Great Britai 4 ι Vickers, J India 14-7 ι Marie, A France 14-9 ι Dixon, G U.S.A. 14-2 34 Hakansson Sweden 39 6 2 Lidman, Η Sweden 14-7 2 Bernard, Ο Switzerland .... I4'9 2 Weinberg, R Australia 15-0 35 Jones Great Britain 39 11 3 Sabater, J Puerto Rico 15-3 3 Foster, S Jamaica 15-1 3 Omnes, G France 15 ·2 36 Mulvihill Bin 40 ι 4 Zwaan, J. M Holland — 4 Finlay, D Great Britain.. — 4 Alzamora, Η Peru —- 37 Singh India 42 20 5 Green, C Australia — 5 Khan, Mazhar-Ul-Haq Pakistan —

At 35 Kilometres SEMI-FINALS h. m. s. h. m. s. The first three in each heat qualified for the Final 18 Imostroza Choi Korea HEAT ι HEAT 2 Cabrera Argentine 2 30 Arancibia . .. Chile...: 2 16 18 19 Kiss Hungary 2 16 38 x. 3 Gailly 33 ι Dixon, G U.S.A 14-2 ι Porter, W U.S.A 14·! Argentine. 20 Schiesser Switzerland 2 16 48 4 Guinez , 37 2 Gardner, Ρ Australia 14-5 2 Scott, G. L U.S.A i4'2 5 Richards Great Britain 54 21 Cote Canada 2 17 2 3 Lidman, Η Sweden 14-6 3 Triulzi, Λ Argentine...... 14-6 6 Luyt South Africa ο 22 Piesset France 2 17 28 4 Braekman, Ρ Belgium — 4 Vickers, J India — 7 Ostling Sweden 4 i8 23 Evans Canada 2 17 33 5 Bernard, Ο Switzerland .... — 5 Weinberg, R Australia — 8 Coleman South Africa 24 Koru Turkey 2 17 52 - Marie, A France J 6 Frayer, H France — 9 Sensini Argentine 56 25 Fedorick Canada 2 18 20 10 Kurikkala Finland. 54 26 Suh Korea 2 18 38 11 Heino Finland. 57 27 Hong Korea 2 18 47 12 Systad Norway 32 28 Manninen U.S.A 2 22 27 13 Larsen Denmark 53 29 Mulvihill Eire 2 24 18 FINAL 14 Melin Sweden 59 30 Jutz Switzerland 2 26 ο J. 15 Vogel U.S.A 28 2 1 PORTER, W U.S.A 13-9 16 Kelley U.S.A. 55 31 Hakansson Sweden 2 27 17 Kyriakidis Greece 18 32 Jones Great Britain 2 28 5 2 SCOTT, C. L U.S.A 14-1 3 DIXON, C U.S.A 14· ι 4 Triulzi, A Argentine — 5 Gardner, Ρ Australia — 6 Lidman, Η Sweden —

ί Did not finish.

255 254

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD

400 METRES HURDLES

Previous Olympic Winners

1900 J. W. B. Tewkesbury U.S.A. 57-6 sec. 1924 F. M. Taylor U.S.A. 52-6 sec. 1904 H. L. Hillman U.S.A. 53-0 sec. 1928 Lord Burghley Great Britain 53-4 sec. 1908 C. J. Bacon U.S.A. 55-0 sec. 1932 R. M. N. Tisdall Eire 51-8 sec. 1920 F. F. Loomis U.S.A. 54-0 sec. 1936 G. Hardin U.S.A. 52-4 sec.

World Record : 5ο·6 sec. G. Hardin (U.S.A.) Sweden, 1934 Olympic Record : 52Ό sec. G. Hardin (U.S.A.) Los Angeles, 1932

There were 29 entries from 21 nations ; 25 participants from 17 nations The event was over 10 flights of hurdles, each 3 feet (91'4 ms.) high

FIRST ROUND The first two in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals

HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 sees. sees. sees. H. Moser {Switzerland), winner of the individual dressage contest, on Hummer, at the Command Central Stadium, Aldershot. ι Cochran, R U.S.A 5 3'9 ι Whittle, Η Great Britain.. 56-9 ι Holland, J New Zealand.. 54-6 2 Andre, J France 54-5 2 Arifon, J France 56-9 2 Storskrubb, A Finland. 54-6 3 Albert!, Η Argentine 54-6 3 Petropoulakis, L... Greece 5 7'9 3 Horulu, Κ Turkey 55·! 4 Khan, Mohsin Pakistan 59-5 4 Pope, M Cireat Britain.. 55-3 4 Aparicio Rode- D. Pais {Portugal) riding Zuari in the roads and tracks section of the endurance test in the three-day event. The speed necessary over this section of waldt, J. Colombia 55-1 the course was 220 metres a minute.

HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 sees. sees. sees. ι Missoni, Ο Italy 53-9 ι Ault, R U.S.A 54-7 1 White, I). Ceylon 53-6 2 Larsson, R Sweden 54-5 2 Gros, Y France 55-7 2 Kirk, J U.S.A 54-3 3 Unsworth, Η Great Britain.. 55-1 3 Christen, W Switzerland .... 56-7 3 Westman, A Sweden 54-5 4 Guzman Lira, S Chile 5 5'9 4 Ng, Liang-Chian China 57-7 4 Larochelle, W Canada 54-9 5 Rosas Ruiz, M Colombia 55-9

SEMI-FINALS The first three in each heat qualified for the Final HEAT ι HEAT 2 iCCS. sees. ι Larsson, R Sweden 51-9 ι Cochran, R U.S.A 51-9 2 Ault, R U.S.A. 52-1 2 Cros, Y France 52-5 3 White, D. Ceylon 52-1 3 Missoni, Ο Italy 53-4 4 Arifon, J France 52-3 4 Whittle, Η Great Britain 53-4 5 Kirk, J U.S.A. 52-5 5 Storskrubb, A Finland. 53-5 6 Andre, J France 56-3 6 Holland, J N.Zealand .. 53-9

FINAL sees. ι COCHRAN, R U.S.A 51-1 2 WHITE, D Ceylon 51-8 3 LARSSON, R. Sweden 52-2 4 Ault, R U.S.A 52-4 5 Cros, Y France 53-3 6 Missoni, Ο Italy 54'°

256

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library R miê

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A. Blaser (Switzerland) on Mahmud, clearing the fence leading to the "slide," during the cross-country section of the three-day event.

L. Bolton (Great Britain), on Sylveste, coming down the " slide."

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À. Blaser (Switzerland) on Mahmud, taking the difficult double fence in the cross-country section of the three-day event.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Aecio Morrot Coelho (Brazil), on Guapo, takes one of the jumps in the steeplechase section of the endurance test in the three-day event. F. Henry (U.S.A.), second in the three-day event (individual) clears the double bar on Swing Low during the final day's jumping.

B. Chevallier {France), winner of the three-day event, riding Aiglonne over the double bar in the jumping test on the third day. J. Selfelt (Sweden), third in the three-day event (individual), clearing the same jump on Claque.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ;ic;t -

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R. Campos {Argentine), on Santa Fe, at the stile and ditch in the Prix des Nations. F. Wing {U.S.A.), fourth in the Prix des H. Mariles Cortes {Mexico), individual winner of the Prix des Nations, clearing the wall on Arete. Nations, clearing the triple bar on Democrat.

E. Thomson {U.S.A.) saluting the judges on the completion H. Llewellyn {Great Britain) on Foxhunter, taking the of the dressage section of the three-day event. The type of fence and ditch in the Prix des Nations. fencing used to enclose the dressage arena can be clearly seen. J. d'Orgeix {France), third in the Prix des Nations individual contest, clearing the wall on Sucre de Pomme. ~^V··············

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-"•" •• ' '-"-^.r'-S^Voav,.^,.,, * A ' 1 * ' ^ •• • i R. Urizac {Mexico), second in the Prix des Nations, on Hatvey, clearing the stile and ditch.

'«7 f. , A general view of the Empire Stadium, Wembley, on the closing day of the Games, during the course of the Prix des Nations.

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F. Ahern {Eire) riding Aherlow over the six-barred gate in the Prix des Nations.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library /

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; •• . - HB ' " il:11 -- : ' 1 C. d'Oriola {France) {No. 49), runner-up in the individual foil title, competing in the final pool against R. Bougnol {France), who was placed fifth.

J. Buhan {France) on right, winner of the individual foil title, against J. Emrys Lloyd {Great Britain), who was placed fourth. A general view of part of the fencing arena during the semi-final of the men's foil team event. The fencers on the nearer piste are M. Zulficar {Egypt) (No. 34), and C. d'Oriola {France) {No. 49). A women's foil Contest is proceeding in the background.

J. Buhan {France) on the right, winner of the individual foil title, in play against G. A. Pouliot {Canada).

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library double Hit " in the epee contest. B. Mikla {Hungary) on the left, against S. Thofelt {Sweden). The final pool of the individual epee. L. Cantone {Italy) is in play against H. Lepage {France), who was placed sixth.

A general view of the main piste during the semi-final of the epee team competition.

A. Gerevich {Hungary) on the right, winner of the individual sabre title, taking part in the final pool against G. Dare {Italy).

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The final pool of the individual sabre, with P. Kovacs (Hungary), who was placed third, on the left, against A. Haw Oliva (Mexico). The score­ board shows that A. Gerevich (Hungary) is already winner of the event.

A. Gerevich (Hungary) on the right, winner, attacking V. Pinton (Italy), the runner-up, in the final pool of the individual sabre championship.

Sabre team semi-final, France v. Italy. G. Leveque (France), on the left, stop-hitting A. Montana (Italy).

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS

3000 METRES STEEPLECHASE

ΓΙ Previous Olympic Winners 1920 P. Hodge Great Britain 10 m. 0-4 sec. 1932 V. Iso-Hollo Finland 10 m. 33-4 sec.* 1924 V. Ritola Finland 9 m. 33-6 sec. 1936 V. Iso-Hollo Finland 9 m. 3-8 sec. 1928 T. A. Loukola Finland 9 m. 21-8 sec. * An extra lap was covered by mistake

There is no official World Record for this event Olympic Record : 9 m. 3-8 sec. V. Iso-Hollo (Finland) Berlin, 1936 I:

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There were four flights of hurdles each 3 ft. (91-4 cm.) high and one water jump in each lap

There were 29 entries from 14 nations ; 26 participants from 12 nations

FIRST ROUND

Victory ceremony for the women's foil, after the presentation of the medals The first four in each heat qualified for the Final by {fa president of the International Olympic Committee, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom, on right. The winner was I. Elek (Hungary), who had also been the winner in HEAT 1 HEAT 2 HEAT 3 1936. Second was K. Lachmann (Denmark), and third E. Muller-Preis (Austria). m. s. m. s. m. s. ι Elmsacer, Ε Sweden 9 i5'0 ι Pujazon, R France 9 20-8 ι Sjostrand, Τ Sweden 9 21-0 2 Guyodo, A. France 9 I7'2 2 Hagstrom, G Sweden 9 22 ·6 2 Kainlauri, A Finland. 9 25'8 The scoreboard on completion of the final pool of the women s foil 3 Siltaloppi, Ρ Finland. 9 22-4 3 Segedin, Ρ Yugoslavia 9 25-0 3 Everaert, R Belgium 9 26-4 4 Miranda Justo, C. Spain 9 24-2 4 Ross, Η U.S.A 9 30-4 4 Chesneau, M Frame 9 27-6 5 Stefanovic, D Yugoslavia 9 39·6 5 Olesen, A Denmark 9 53-6 5 Onel, C Turkey 9 28-4 6 Doms, J Belgium 9 41 ·8 6 Theys, L Belgium 9 37-4 6 Overton, W U.S.A 10 14-4 il - Curry, Τ Great Britain. * - Ozcan, M Turkey * - Howell, R Great Britain.. * LMMES - McMillen, R U.S.A * - Toivari, Ρ Finland. * - Frieden, Paul Euxemhourg.... * PISTE - Mavrapostolos, B. Greece * - Tudor, G. Great Britain.. *

FINAL FINAL

1 SJOSTRAND, T. Sweden 1NAMF ^ m m I ir m Β·· 1^1Ν 9 4-6 2 ELMSATER, E. Sweden 9 8-2 3 HAGSTROM, G. Sweden 911-8 4 Guyodo, A France 9 13-6 5 Siltaloppi, Ρ Finland. 9 19-6 •Ν Ν 6 Segedin, Ρ Yugoslavia . 9 20-4 A U Ν - Ross, Η U.S.A * - Kainlauri, A Finland. GLEN HAIG - Everaert, R Belgium - Chesneau, M France - Miranda Justo, C Spain - Pujazon, R Frame

FIUZ Oil ^ * Also competed. + Did not finish.

!' 257

LACHMANNpti-NMAHl»

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

4 χ 100 METRES RELAY 4 χ 400 METRES RELAY

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners ·

U.S.A. 3 m. 14-2 sec. 1912 Great Britain 42-4 sec. 1928 U.S.A. 41-0 sec. 1912 U.S.A. 3 m. i6-5 sec. 1928 1920 U.S.A. 42-2 sec. 1932 U.S.A. 40-0 sec. 1920 Great Britain 3 m. 22-2 sec. 1932 U.S.A. 3 m. 8-2 sec. 41 ·ο sec. 1936 U.S.A. 39-8 sec. 1924 U.S.A. 1924 U.S.A. 3 m. ι6·ο sec. 1936 Great Britain 3 m. 9-0 sec.

World and Olympic Record ; 39-8 sec. U.S.A. (J. Owens, R. H. Metcalfe, F. Draper, F. C. Wykoff) Berlin, 1936 World and Olympic Record ; 3 m. 8-2 sec. U.S.A. (I. Fuqua, E. Ablowich, K. Warner, W. Carr) Los Angeles, 1932

There were 102 entries from 17 nations ; 60 participants from 15 nations There were 98 entries from 16 nations ; 60 participants from 15 nations

FIRST ROUND FIRST ROUND The first two teams in each heat qmlified for the Final The first two teams it?each heat qualified for the Final

HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 HEAT 2 HEAT 3 m. s. m. s. HEAT ι s. m. s. s. s. ι Jamaica (Rhoden, V., Laing, L., ι Finland (Suvanto, T., Talja, Ο., ι Holland (Scholten, G., Meyer, J., ι U.S.A. (Cochran, R., Bour- ι V.S.A. (Ewell, H., Wright, L. Great Britain (McCorquodale, Α., Wint, Α., McKenley, H.)..., 3 14-0 Holmberg, R., Storskrubb, Zwaan, J. G., Lammers, J.) 41-7 land, C., Harnden, Α., Dillard, H., Fatten, M.) 41ί Gregory, J., Jones, K., Archer, 2 France (Kerebel, J., Schewetta, A.) 3 20-6 2 Canada (Pettie, D., O'Brien, J., Whitfield, M.) 3 12-6 ζ Italy (Tito, M., Perucconi, E., J.) 41-4 F., Chef d'hotel, R., Lunis, 2 Sweden (Lundqvist, K., Wolf- McFarlane, D., Haggis, E.) 42-3 2 Italy (Rocca, G., Missoni, O., Monti, C, Siddi, A.) 41'3 Hungary (Tima, F., Bartha, L., Paterlini, L., Siddi, A.) 3 14-0 JO 3 17·° brandt, L., Alnevik, F., 1 3 Argentine (Bonnhoff, G., Bieder- Goldovanyi, B., Csanyi, G.) 4 '4 3 Canada (McCullough, E., Larsson, R.) 3 21-0 3 Brazil (Costa Ramos, R., mann, Α., Isaack, C., Lapuente, 3 Great Britain (Lewis, L., Pugh, Coutinho da Silva, H., Zanoni Australia (Bruce, T., Bartram, J., D., Pike, M., Roberts, W.).... 3 14-2 Larochelle, W., McFarlane, 3 Argentine (Pocovi, Α., Alberti, Hausen, I., Pereira da Silva, H.) 42-4 Curotta, M., Treloar, J.) 4i'5 F.) • 42-4 D., McFarlane, R.) 3 i9'o H., Evans, G., Avalos, A.).... 3 21-2 4 Iceland (Bjarnasson, Α., Thorvald- 4 Switzerland (Hardmeier O., - Turkey (Aksur, K., Berkay, E., . Uruguay (Fayos, M., Lopez Testa, 4 Chile (Silva Anguita, C., Hitel- 4 Yugoslavia (Bulic, J., Racic, M., sson, F., Eyjolfsson, T., Clausen, Keller, W., Trepp, M., Oztas, R., Sarialp, R.) * J., Perez, W., Ascune, Η.) 42·8 Volkmer, K.) 3 23-0 man Reiticti, J., Guzman Cosic, Α., Sabolovic, Z.) 3 25'4 Bermuda (Dill, H, Johnson, P., H.) 42-9 Lira, S., Ehlers Trostel, G.) . 3 23-8 5 Greece (Mavroidis, B., Petro- - France (Porthault, Α., Litaudon, - E/re (Denroche, C., Myles, R., Lines, S., Mahoney, F.) 45 '4 5 Turkey (Dincturk, S., Ishman, poulakis, L., Petrakis, S., M., Le Bas, J., Valmy, R.) + Dolan, P., Reardon, J.) * - Belgium (Bourgaux, F., Braekman, R., Acarbay, E., Horulu, K.) 3 35 ·ο Stratakos, S.) 3 33-0 P., Linssen, F., VandeWiele,!.) ί

FINAL FINAL

S. m. s. 1 U.S.A 40-6 ι U.S.A 3 10-4 2 GREAT BRITAIN .μ'ΐ 2 FRANCE 3 14-8 3 ITALY 41-5 3 SWEDEN 3 ι6·ο 1 4 Hungary 4 ·'' 4 Finland. 3 24'^ 1 5 Canada 4 '9 - Italy + 1 6 Holland 4 '9 - Jamaica +

* Disqualified. * Disqualified. + Did not finish.

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10000 METRES WALK

Previous Olympic Winners

1912 G. H. Goulding Canada 46 m. 28-4 sec. 1920 U. Frigerio Italy 1 m. 6-2 sec. 1924 U. Frigerio Italy 47 m. 49-0 sec.

World Record ; 42 m. 39-6 sec. V. Hardmo (Sweden) Kumla, 1945 Olympic Record : 46 m. 28-4 sec. G. H. Goulding (Canada) Stockholm, 1912

THE JUDGES OF WALKING WERE : F. W. Blackmore (Great Britain) (Chief)

F. Guilleux (France) H. Evans G. Oberweger (Italy) L. Henrichson (Norway) G. R. Goodwin R. C. Mawbey 1. B. Belchamber E. Linde (Sweden) W. J. Palmer G. F. McCombe There were 19 entries from 10 nations ; 19 participants from 10 nations

FIRST ROUND The first five in each heat qualified for the Fina HEAT ι HEAT 2 m. s. m. s. ι Mikaelsson, J Sweden 45 3-0 ι Churcher, Η Great Britain 46 26-4 2 Morris, C Great Britain 45 10-4 2 Schwab, F Switzerland .. 46 38-0 3 Maggi, Ε France 45 44-2 3 West, R Great Britain 4η ιι·6 4 Dordoni, G. Italy 46 23-8 4 Corsaro, G Italy 47 26-8 5 Johansson, Β Sweden 46 44-2 5 Hardmo, G Sweden 47 34-8 6 Norregard 6 Courron, L France 48 13-0 Hammer, Κ Norway 46 48-6 - Singha, S India f - Knott, G Australia * - Laskau, H U.S.A f - Reyneke, J South Africa f - Chevalier, L France f - Sharaga, F U.S.A f - Weber, Ε U.S.A j

FINAL m. s. ι MIKAELSSON, J Sweden • 45 13-2 2 JOHANSSON, Β Sweden • 45 43-8 3 SCHWAB, F Switzerland .. 46 O'Z 4 Morris, C Great Britain • 46 4-0 5 Churcher, H Great Britain .46 28-0 6 Maggi, Ε France • 47 2-8 - Dordoni, G Italy - West, R Great Britain - Corsaro, G Italy - Hardmo, G Sweden

*Also competed. f Disqualified.

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50000 METRES ROAD WALK 50000 METRES ROAD WALK—continued

INTERMEDIATE PLACINGS Previous Olympic Winners At 10 Kilometres At 20 Kilometres 1932 T. W. Green Great Britain 4h. 50m. 10sec. 1936 H. H. Whidock Great Britain 4 h. 30 m. 41-4 sec. m. s. h. m. s. There is no official World Record for this event ι Ljunggren Sweden 52 36 ι Ljunggren Sweden 1 45 5 2 Bruun Norway 54 4 2 Whitlock Great Britain 1 48 41 Olympic Record. : 4 h. 30 m. 41-4 sec. H. H. Whitlock (Great Britain) Berlin, 1936 3 Whitlock Great Britain.... 54 21 3 Martineau Great Britain 1 50 4 4 Martineau Great Britain.... 54 21 4 Bruun Norway 1 50 16 5 Pretti Italy 54 27 5 Pretti Italy 1 5° 35 6 Laszlo Hungary 55 ι 6 Jonsson Sweden 1 51 16 7 Jonsson Sweden 55 3 7 Bjurstrom Sweden 1 51 16 8 Bjurstrom Sweden 55 12 8 Johnson Great Britain 1 52 40 9 Bertolini Italy 56 3 9 Godel Switzerland 1 53 11 10 Mazille France 56 16 10 Mazille France 1 53 39 11 Godel Switzerland 56 18 11 Hubert France 1 53 4' There were 23 entries from 11 nations ; 23 participants from 11 nations 12 Hubert France 56 21 12 Villaplana 15 Johnson Great Britain.... 56 32 Vargas Spain 1 55 8 14 Cascino Italy 56 4° 13 Laszlo Hungary 1 55 z5 1 2 15 Villaplana 14 Caron France 55 5 Vargas Spain 5^ 47 15 Bertolini Italy 1 55 41 1 h. m. s. 16 Caron France 56 50 16 Cascino Italy 5^ 34 17 Winther Norway 57 46 17 Winther Norway 1 58 35 ι LJUNGGRENJ. Sweden 4 41 52 18 Baamaas Norway 58 27 18 Baarnaas Norway 1 59 19 19 Crosbie U.S.A 2 5 47 2 GODEL, G Switzerland 448 17 19 Deni U.S.A 63 7 20 Crosbie U.S.A 63 12 20 Deni U.S.A 2 5 47 3 JOHNSON, Τ .. Great Britain 4 48 31 21 Weinecker U.S.A 64 4-8 21 Weinecker U.S.A ζ 12 5 4 Bruun, Ε Norway 45318 At 25 Kilometres At 35 Kilometres 5 Mattineau, H. A Great Britain 4 53 58 ι Ljunggren Sweden 2 12 17 ι Ljunggren Sweden 3 10 49 2 Whitlock Great Britain 2 17 2 2 Whitlock Great Britain 3 18 56 6 Bjurstrom, R Sweden 4 56 43 3 Martineau Great Britain 2 19 35 3 Johnson Great Britain 3 19 15 4 Godel Switzerland 3 20 24 7 Mazille, P. France 5 1 40 4 Bruun Norway 2 20 24 5 Johnson Great Britain 2 21 12 5 Martineau Great Britain 3 20 54 8 Hubert, C Frame 5 3 12 6 Jonsson Sweden 2 21 28 6 Bruun Norway 3 21 10 7 Bjurstrom Sweden 2 22 16 7 Bjurstrom Sweden 3 24 57 9 Villaplana Vargas, E. Spain 5 3 31 8 Godel Switzerland 2 22 26 8 Jonsson Sweden 3 24 57 9 Mazille France ..: 2 24 21 9 Mazille France 3 25 26 10 Jonsson, Τ Sweden 5 5 ^ 10 Hubert France 2 24 21 10 Villaplana Vargas Spain 3 27 9 11 Caron, Η France 5 8 15 11 Villaplana Vargas Spain 2 25 16 11 Hubert France 3 27 32 12 Crosbie, Ε U.S. A 5 15 16 12 Caron France 2 26 38 12 Caron France 3 32 5 13 Pretti Italy 2 27 11 13 Laszlo Hungary 3 36 53 13 Laszlo, S Hungary 5 16 30 14 Laszlo Hungary 2 28 26 14 Cascino Italy 3 38 59 15 Baarnaas Norway 2 29 44 15 Winther Norway 3 41 5 14 Cascino, S ïtaly 5 20 3 1 16 Cascino Italy 2 29 55 16 Crosbie U.S.A 3 41 3 17 Deni U.S.A. 3 47 22 15 Déni, J U.S.A 5 28 33 17 Winther Norway 2 29 57 18 Deni U.S.A 2 38 32 18 Weinecker U.S.A 3 54 35 16 Weinecker, A U.S.A 5 30 14 19 Crosbie U.S.A. 2 38 45 20 Weinecker U.S.A 2 47 55 — Baamaas, Ρ Norway | — Bertolini, V Italy * At 40 Kilometres At 45 Kilometres ι Ljunggren Sweden 4 12 45 ι Ljunggren Sweden 3 42 35 — Ibanez, S Argentine J 2 Johnson Great Britain 4 17 59 2 Johnson Great Britain 3 49 7 3 Godel Switzerland 4 18 31 — Pretti, F Italy % 3 Godel Switzerland 3 49 52 4 Martineau Great Britain 4 23 1 4 Martineau Great Britain 353 4 5 Bruun Norway 4 23 2 — Singha, S India ί 5 Bruun Norway 353 6 6 Bjurstrom Sweden 4 27 25 6 Bjurstrom Sweden 3 56 27 — Whitlock, G Great Britain | 7 Mazille France 4 30 16 7 Mazille France 3 58 15 8 Villaplana — Winther, G Norway J 8 Jonsson Sweden 3 5^ 28 Vargas Spain 4 30 27 9 Villaplana g Hubert France 4 32 25 Vargas Spain 3 59 29 10 Jonsson Sweden 4 32 27 10 Hubert France 4 ο 47 11 Caron France 4 36 29 χι Caron France 4 5 43 12 Crosbie U.S.A 4 43 38 J Did not finish. 12 Crosbie U.S.A 4 12 15 13 Laszlo Hungary 4 45 26 13 Cascino Italy 4 13 43 14 Cascino Italy 4 4^ 8 14 Laszlo Hungary 4 14 8 15 Winther Norway 4 21 45 15 Deni U.S.A 4 55 39 16 Weinecker U.S.A 4 59 31 16 Deni U.S.A 4 22 54 17 Weinecker U.S.A 4 28 9

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I I I i 1 j

GRADIKNlfHART OF MARATHON COURSE

0X7V 12 3 4 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2' GRADIENT CHART OF WALK COURSE

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HIGH JUMP LONG JUMP

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ϊ·8ι U.S.A. 6 4i 1-94 1896 Ε. H. Clark U.S.A. 5 "i 1920 R. W. Landon Ε. H. Clark U.S.A. 20 10 6-35 1920 W. Pettersson Sweden 23 5έ 7-15 U.S.A. 6 6 1-98 U.S.A. 1900 I. K. Baxter U.S.A. 6 2f 1-90 1924 Η. M. Osbom A. C. Kraenzlein U.S.A. 23 6Î 7-18 1924 D. H. Hubbard 24 5 7-44 ι·8ο 1928 R. W. King ... U.S.A. 6 4i 1-94 U.S.A. 1904 S. S. Jones U.S.A. 5 II M. Prinstein U.S.A. 24 I 7-34 1928 Ε. B. Hamm 25 4i 7-73 00 0 ON Canada 6 5i ι·97 H. F. Porter U.S.A. 6 3 ι-go 1932 D. McNaughton F. C. Irons U.S.A. 24 6i 7-48 1932 E. L. Gordon U.S.A. 25 of 7-64 1936 C. C. Johnson U.S.A. 6 8 2-03 U.S.A. 26 8·ο6 1912 A. W. Richards U.S.A. 6 4 i-93 A. L. Gutterson U.S.A. 24 "i 7-60 1936 J. Owens 5i

World Record : 6 ft. n in. 2*11 m. L. Steers (U.S.A.) Los Angeles, 1941 World Record: 26 ft. Sj in. 8-13 m. J. Owens (U.S.A.) Michigan, 1935 Olympic Record : 6 ft. 8 in. 2-03 m. C. C. Johnson (U.S.A.) Berlin, 1936 Olympic Record : 26 ft. 5! in. 8*o6 m. J. Owens (U.S.A.) Berlin, 195^

There were 30 entries from 17 nations ; 26 participants from 16 nations

The competition began at ι·6ο m. and continued at 1 -70, ι·8ο, ι·84 and ι·87 m. ι·87 m. was the qualifying height. All competitors There were 27 entries from 19 nations ; 21 participants from 17 nations who cleared this height took part in the Final

FLach competitor had three attempts. Tie qualifying distance was 7-20 m. All competitors who attained this distance took part in the m. ft. in. Final, hut as less than 12 competitors attained η ίο m. the 12 best competitors qualified ι WINTER, J Australia 1-98 6 6 2 PAULSON, Β Norway 1-95 6 4I 3 STANICH, G. U.S.A 1-95 6 4I m. ft- in. 4 Edleman, Τ U.S.A i-95 ^ 4f ι STEELE, W. . U.S.A ... 7-825 25 8 5 Damitio, G France i'95 ^ 4Î 2 BRUCE, Τ • 7-555 24 9έ 6 Jackes, A Canada 1*90 6 2f 3 DOUGLAS, H. . U.S.A - 7'545 24 9 ("Paterson, A Great Britain 1-90 6 2 J 4 Wright, L . U.S.A ... 7-450 24 5i ^ I \\ alii;, H Switzerland 1 '90 6 2? 5 Adedoyin, A . Great Britain ... 7-270 23 I0i (Widenfelt, G Sweden 1-90 6 ζ§ 6 Damitio, G . France ... 7-070 23 2i g j Jadresic Vargas, A Chile i'90 ,6 2§ 7 Whittle, H . Great Britain ... 7-030 23 oî (Lacaze, Ρ France i'90 ^ 2i 8 Wurth F ... 7-000 22 Ilf 12 Adedoyin, A Great Britain i'90 6 2f 9 Askew, H . Great Britain ... 6-935 22 9i 13 Leirud, Β Norway i'9o 6 2f 10 Kistenmacher, E. .. .. Argentine ... 6·8οο 22 3Î I Asciiûe, 11 Uruguay i-8o 5 11 11 Adamczyk, Ε .. Poland 6-735 22 Ii I, Vulberg, 1. Singapore ι·8ο 5 n 12 Singh, Balder . India * 16 McGrew, V U.S.A i-8o 5 11 — Aguirre Martin, J., .. Mexico 17 Honkonen, U Finland. i'8o 5 11 . Chechoslovakia.... 18 Gurnam Singh, S India ι·8ο 5 n — Kim, Wun Kwun .... Korea Î — Nicklen, Ν Finland- * — Marinis, C Greece t — Gundersen, Β Norway * — Peiris, G Ceylon t — Benard, C France Î — Pereira Dias Cachulo, — Casado, Β Puerto Rico t A Portugal — Lambrou, J Greece t — Studer, J Switzerland ί — Listur, F Uruguay f — Thompson, C. C. F. Ο British Guiana t — Pavitt, R Great Britain ΐ Thorvaldsson, F Iceland î — Pilhatsch, A Austria t

* Qualified for Final but withdrew. f not qualify for the Final.

* Were not placed in the Final, as they failed to record a jump. f Old not qualify for the Final.

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POLE VAULT HOP, STEP and JUMP

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners

ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft, in. m. ft. in. m. 1896 J. Β. Connolly U.S.A. Ι Ι 1920 V, Tuulos Finland 1896 W. W. Hoyt U.S.A. 10 9Î 3-30 1912 H. S. Babcock U.S.A. 12 395 44 Hi Γ7 47 7 14-50 1900 M. Prinstein U.S.A. 1924 A. W. Winter Australia 1900 I. K. Baxter U.S.A. 10 9Î 3'3° 1920 F. K. Ross U.S.A. 15 5 4-09 47 5i 14-47 50 11J 15-53 1904 M. Prinstein U.S.A. 47 ι 1928 M. Oda Japan 1904 C. E. Dvorak U.S.A. II 6 3-50 1924 L. S. Barnes U.S.A. 12 11J 3-95 14-35 49 ι of 15-21 1908 T. J. Ahearne Great Britain 48 11| 14-92 1932 C. Nambu Japan 1908 A. C. Gilbert U.S.A.\ 12 2 3-71 1928 S. W. Carr U.S.A. 13 9i 4-20 5i 7 15-72 1912 G. Lindblom Sweden 48 ή 14-76 1936 N. Tajima Japan 16-00 Ε. T. Cooke U.S.A. J 1932 W. W. Miller U.S.A. 14 ϊί 4-31 52 5i 1936 E. Meadows U.S.A. 14 ft. 3J in. 4-35 m.. World and Olympic Record ; 52 ft. 5J in. 16-00 m. N. Tajima (Japan) Berlin, 1936

World Record : 13 ft. 7J in. 4-77111. C. Warmerdam (U.S.A.) California, 1942 Olympic Record : 14 ft. 3J in. 4-35 m. E. Meadows (U.S.A.) Berlin, 1936

There were 30 entries from 19 nations ; 29 participants from 18 nations

FLach competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance was 14-50 m. ΛΙΙ competitors who attained this distance took part in the Final

m. ft- in. ι AH M AX, A Sweden ... 15-40 5° 61 There were 21 entries from 12 nations ; 19 participants from 10 nations 2 AVERY, G Australia ... 15-365 50 4f 3 SARIALP, R The competition began at 3-60 m. and continued at 3-80, 3-95, 4-10, 4-20 and 4-30 m. Turkey ... 15-025 49 32 4 Larsen, Ρ Denmark 14-83 48 7f 5 Oliveira, G Brazil ... 14-825 48 7έ 6 Rautio, Κ Finland. ... 14-70 48 2Î m. ft. in. 7 McKeand, L Australia • 14-53 47 8 1 SMITH, Ο U.S.A 4-30 14 8 Pereira da Silva, Α., Brazil ... 14-49 47 Η 2 KATAJA, Ε Finland. 4-20 13 9i 9 Hallgren, A Sweden ... 14-485 47 6i 3 RICHARDS, R U.S.A 4-20 13 gi 10 Albans, W U.S.A ... 14-33 47 0έ 4 Kaas, Ε Norway 4-10 13 5J 11 Coutinho da Silva,H. Brazil ... 14-31 46 5 Lundberg, R Sweden 4-10 13 52 12 Kim, Wun Kwun Korea .. 14-25 46 li 6 Morcom, A U.S.A 3-95 12 11J Sweden ... 14-215 46 7i I Gollors, Η Sweden 3-95 12 11J — Rebello, Η India * ^ loienius, V Finland. 3-95 12 11J — Aguirre Martin, J. .. Mexico Î ("Barbosa, J PuertoRico 3-95 12 11J — Alcide de Nunes 9 • Sillon, V France 3-95 12 ni Garcia, L Portugal [Vicente, C Puerto Rico 3-95 12 uj — Beckus, R U.S.A ; 12 Lindberg, A Sweden 3-80 12 5J — Bobin, R France — Balafas, Τ Greece * — Cross, S — Bouvet, C France * — Epalle, C France — Breitman, G France * Great Britain.... — Bryngeirsson, Τ Iceland * U.S.A — Ganoza Rios, L Peru * — Lindsay, A Great Britain.... — Piqueras Sanchez, J. Peru * — Peiris, G Ceylon — Webster, F Great Britain * — Reyes Anchante, M.. Peru — Rodrigues Vieira, J. Portugal — Sorensson, S Iceland

* Did not qualify for the Final. — Wurth,fF Austria

* Qualified for the Final, but did not record a jump. f Did not qualify for the Final.

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PUTTING THE SHOT THROWING THE DISCUS

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft. in. m. 00 1920 V. Porhok Finland 48 7 14-81 1896 R. S. Garrett U.S.A. 29-15 1920 E. Niklander Finland 146 7i 1896 R. S. Garrett U.S.A. 36 9Î 11-22 95 7Î 1924 C. Houser U.S.A. 49 2i I4'99 1900 R. Bauer Hungary 118 36-04 1924 C. Houser U.S.A. 151 5 46-15 1900 R. Sheldon U.S.A. 46 3 14-10 3 1928 J. Kuck U.S.A. 52 of 15-87 1904 M. J. Sheridan U.S.A. 128 10J 39-28 1928 C. Houser U.S.A. 155 3 47-32 1904 R. W. Rose U.S.A. 48 7 14-81 1932 L. Sexton U.S.A. 52 6 16-00 1908 M. J. Sheridan U.S.A. 134 2 40-89 1932 J. Anderson U.S.A. 162 4J 49-49 1908 R. W. Rose U.S.A. 46 ji 14-21 1936 H. Woelike Germany 53 if 16-20 1912 A. R. Taipale Finland 148 45-21 1936 K. Carpenter U.S.A. 165 75 50-48 1912 P. J. McDonald U.S.A. 50 4 I5-34 4

World Record : 57 ft. 1 in. 17-40111. J. Torrance (U.S.A.) Oslo, 1954 World Record ; 180 ft. z§ in. 54-93 m. R. E. Fitch (U.S.A.) Minneapolis, 1946 Olympic Record ; 165 ft. 7J in. 50-48 m. K. Carpenter (U.S.A.) Berlin, 1936 Olympic Record : 55 ft. if in. 16-20 m. H. Woelike (Germany) Berlin, 1936

There were 35 entries from 21 nations ; 28 participants from 18 nations There were 30 entries from 17 nations ; 24 participants from 14 nations

Each competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance was 46 m. All competitors who attained this distance took part in the Final. As less than 12 competitors attained 46 »/., the 12 best competitors qualified. Bach competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance .as ^(,0 m. All competitors .ho attained tins distance took part in Final. As less than 12 competitors attained 14.60 m. the 12 best competitors qualified. m. ft. in. ι CONSOLINI, A Italy 52-78 173 2 ft. in. 2 TOSI, G. Italy 51-78 169 io| ι THOMPSON, W U.S.A i?'12 56 2 3 GORDIEN, F U.S.A 50-77 166 7" 2 DEL ΑΝΕΥ, F. U.S.A 16-68 54 8i 4 Ramstad, I Norway 49'2i 161 5J 3 TITCHS, J U.S.A 16-42 53 I0i 5 Klics, F Hungary 48-21 158 2 6 Nyqvist, Κ Finland. 47'33 155 }i 4 Lomowski, M Poland . 15-43 5° 72 - 7 Syllas, Ν Greece 47-25 155 ο 5 Arvidsson, G Sweden . i5 37 50 5 8 Johnson, S Norway 46-54 152 8 6 Lehtila, Y Finland 15·° 5 49 4i 9 Huutoniemi, A Finland. 45'28 148 6J 7 Jouppila, Ρ Finland.. ^4-59 47 "έ 10 Fransson, U Sweden 45-25 148 5i 8 Kalina, C Chechoslovakia 14-55 47 9 11 Tunner, H Austria 44-43 145 9 9 Yataganas, C Greece 14-54 47 8| 12 Juive Ciriaco, Ε Peru 44-05 144 6 10 Gierutto, W Poland i4'37 47 2 — An, Yung Η Korea * 11 Giles, J Great Britain 15-73 45 °i — Brewer, Ε Great Britain * — Burton. W U.S.A * 12 Sigurosson, S Iceland 13-66 44 9i — Clancy, C Eire * Coy, Ε Canada — Consiglieri, M Peru * — Guiney, D Etre — Coy, Ε Canada * — Kahnert, J Argentine — Erauzquin — Khan, Ζ Pakistan Erauzquin, F. Spain * — Frank, V U.S.A. * — Malchiodi, E..1 Argentine — Khan, Ζ Pakistan * — Malik, Ν Pakistan — Malchiodi, Ε Argentine * — Moody, Η Great Britain — Malik, Ν Pakistan * — Nilsson, R Sweden — Nesbitt, J Great Britain * — Patine, Ρ Peru — Obérweger, G Italy * — Senn, W Switzerland — Reavell Carter, L Great Britain * — Verhas, R Belgium — Verhas, R Belgium * — Zerjal, D Yugoslavia * — Vilmundaeson, V Iceland

* Did not qualify for the Final. * Did not qualify for the Final.

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THROWING THE HAMMER THROWING THE JAVELIN Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft. in. m. ft. in. m. 1900 J. J, Flanagan U.S.A. 163 Ιϊ 49-75 1920 P. Ryan U.S.A. 173 ή 52-87 1908 Ε. V. Lemming Sweden 179 10J 54-83 1928 Ε. H. Lundqvist Sweden 218 6 66-60 1904 J. J. Flanagan U.S.A. 168 l 51-23 1924 F. D. Tootell U.S.A. 174 loj 55-29 1912 Ε. V. Lemming Sweden 189 Ili 60-64 1952 M. Jarvinen Finland 238 7 72-71 1908 J. J. Flanagan U.S.A. 170 4i 51-92 1928 P. O'Callaghan Eire 168 7i 51-39 1920 J. Myyra Finland 215 9Î 65-78 1936 G. Stoeck Germany 235 Si- 71-84 1912 M. J. McGrath U.S.A. 179 7 54-74 1932 P. O'Callaghan Eire 176 "έ 53-92 1924 J. Myyra Finland 206 6| 62-96 1936 K. Hein Germany 185 ft. 4I in. 56-49 m. World Record : 258 ft. 2f in. 78-70 m. Y. Nikkanen (Finland) Kotka, 1938 Olympic Record : 238 ft. 7 in. 72-71 m. M. Jarvinen (Finland) Los Angeles, 1932 World Record ; 193 ft. 6| in. 59-00 m. E, Blask (Germany) Stockholm, 1936 Olympic Record : 185 ft. 4% in. 56-49 m. K. Hein (Germany) Berlin, 1956

There were 25 entries from 16 nations ; 22 participants from 15 nations There were 27 entries from 17 nations ; 24 participants from 16 nations Uach competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance was 64 m. All competitors who attained this distance took part in the Final As less than 12 competitors attained 64 /»., the 12 best competitors qualified. Each competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance ïvas 49 m. All competitors who attained this distance took part in the Vina I.

m. ft- in. m. ft· in. ι NEMETH, I .. Hungary .. 56-07 183 I RAUTAVAARA, Κ. Finland. • 69-77 228 10J ni 2 GUBIJAN, I .. Yugoslavia • 54-27 178 oi 2 SEYMOUR, S U.S.A • 67-56 221 72 3 BENNETT, R A 3 VARSZEGI, J Hungary .. 67-03 219 II .. as. • 53-73 176 3i 4 Felton, S .S.A 4 Vesterinen, Ρ Finland. .. 65-89 216 2 .. U .. 53-66 176 οέ 5 Taniii i-nen, L .. Finland. 5 Mahlum, Ο Norway .. 65-32 214 3έ .. 53-08 174 li 6 Ericson, Β .. Sweden .. 52-98 173 10 ... U.S.A • 65*i7 21* cvl· 7 Taddia, Τ .. Italy 7 Vujacic, M Yugoslavia .. 64-89 212 ιο| 51-74 169 9 8 Soderkvist, Ε .. Sweden 168 10J 8 Likens, R. U.S.A .. 64-51 211 7i .. 51-48 9 Dreyer, Η U.S.A 168 6 9 Pettersson, G Sweden .. 62-80 2Θ6 oi •· 51-37 ίο Frederiksen, S .. Denmark 10 Berglund, A Sweden .. 62-62 205 5 .. 50-07 164 3 11 Clark, D . Great Britain ... 11 Kiesewetter, L Chechoslovakia.. .. 60-25 197 8 48-35 158 7έ 12 Houtzager, J .. Holland ίοJ 12 Nikkinen, S Finland. • 58-05 190 5 • 45-69 149 — Apellaniz Zamga, P. Spain * 13 In, Kang Whan .. Korea • 43-93 144 ιέ * — Chote, M Great Britain. .. * — Cederquist, Ρ . Denmark * — Dalrymple, M Great Britain.... * — Coyle, D .. Eire * — Heber, R Argentine * — Douglas, Ε Great Britain.... * — Lutkeveld, Ν * — Drake, Ν .. Great Britain.... * — Roininen, L Canada * * .. Chile « — Sigurdsson, J Iceland — Zuniga Erraz, Ε * — Tissot, R. France * — Gonzalez Suaste, F... .. Mexico « — Vujacic, D Yugoslavia * — Kuivamaki, R .. Finland. « — Ziraman, Η Turkey * — Legrain, Ρ .. France — Somnath, S .. India * — Knotek, Ο .. Chechoslovakia... *

* Did not qualify for the Final. * Did not qualify for the Final.

I8 273 272

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS 16 17 18 19 28 25 26 27 - >. 22 23 24 -û s LO Os CO NO LO NO z< sO •

d 3 5,558 5,031 6,153 6,142 6,141 5,808 5,730 5,590 5,586

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u-0 Burnier, M. > -Q υ l- Figueroa, H. d) 2 Ascune, s Fournier, L. Dayer, A Recordon Mukhtar, E. Gerber, O. Nussbaum, F. Kuzmicki, W. Marcelja, D, Singh, Baldev Singh, Baldev Gierutto, W. Cretaine, J. Seger, J Scheurer, A. Sonck, J

Γ a: CO 1 5^ çtf •« . D < A-i R ri-i -d 16 17 18 19 27 28 29 25 30 33 34 20 22 24 32 26 35 £H § H J2 H 23 ΓΟ

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS

co fN ι1

Ζ 00 Οr\ 1X1al 100 METRES (Women) ΙΛ ûi h- 3-II- LU ΣLU "7 < Ο Previous Olympic Winners ου -s 1928 E. Robinson U.S.^4. 12-2 sec. 1932 S. Walasiewicz Poland 11-9 sec. 1936 Η. H. Stephens U.S.A. 11-5 sec. World and Olympic Record : 11-5 sec. Η. H. Stephens (U.S.A.) Berlin, 1936

ί!?> <<

There were 45 entries from 22 nations ; 38 participants trom 21 nations

FIRST ROUND W

AH HEAT HEAT 5 HEAT 6 X. s. s. W Σ ι Manley, D Great Britain.. 12-1 LL. Οί Jamaica 12-4 I Batter, D Great Britain.. 12-6 H <^D 2ι South Africa .. 12-4 2 Russell, Κ Jamaica 12-9 2 Lightbourn, Ρ Bermuda 13-0 3 Renard, M Belgium 13-6 M U.S.A 12-8 ί Young, L U.S.A 13·° Q Canada 4 W % « HEAT 7 HEAT HEAT 9 M s. s, s. ε ι Jones, Ρ Canada... 12-7 H -σ ι Sicnerova, Ο Chechoslovakia 12*4 ι Tagliaferri, L Italy I2-S Ζ < 2 Bergendorff, Β Denmark 12-6 2 Stad-de Jong, X... Holland 12-9 2 de Jongh, G Holland . 12-9 - Ι( 3 Cardoso de 3 Edness, Ρ Bermuda 13-6 3 Moussier, J France ... 12-9 Menezes, H Brazil 13-2 4 Pavlousek, G Austria — 4 Paulsen, L Norway . ζ û^DΣ 4 Teoman, U Turkey —· 5 Butia, A. Yugoslavia —· ο J <^plÛ χ I Η SEMI-FINALS υ The first two in each semi-final qualified for the Final W HEAT HEAT 2 HEAT 3 J·. Q s. s. <ο Holland 12-0 I 12-4 ι Myers, V Canada 12-4 Australia 12-4 2 Jones, Ρ Canada Ι2·6 2 Thompson, C. A. Jamaica 12-5 3 Γ Sicnerova, Ο Chechoslovakia 12-5 Denmark 12-7 ί Robb, D South Africa .. 12-7 Great Britain.. Bergendorff, Β Denmark \ Nielsen, Β Denmark 12-5 4 5 Jordan, W. S Great Britain.. — 5 Tagliaferri, L. Italy — 5 Stad-de Jong, X.. Holland 5 6 de Jongh, G Holland — Σ Bermuda — 6 Russell, Κ Jamaica a:DLU -» <Ζtu Ο FINAL s. ι BLANKERS-KOEN, F... Holland ii'9 u ΓΓ. 2 MANLEY, D Great Britain 12*2 3 STRICKLAND, S Australia 12-2 Ε -ο 4 Myers, V Canada < 5 Jones/Ρ Canada 6 Thompson, C. A Jamaica

276 277

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

80 METRES HURDLES (Women) 200 METRES (Women)

This event was included in the Olympic ptogïatnme for the first time Previous Olympic Winners

World Record : 23-6 sec. S. Walasiewicz (Poland) 1935 1932 M. Didrikson U.S.A. ii-j sec. 1936 T. Valla Ιΐαΐγ n-y sec. World Record : fii'3 sec. C. Testoni (Italy) Dresden, 1939 \ 11-3 sec. F. E. Blankers-Koen (Holland) Amsterdam, 1942

Olympic Record ; ιι·6 sec. T. Valla (Italy) Berlin, 1936 There were 38 entries from 17 nations ; 33 participants from 17 nations

FIRST ROUND The first two in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals There were 22 entries from 12 nations. 21 participants from 12 nations HEAT 2 HEAT 3 HEAT ι The event was over 8 flights of hurdles each 2 ft. 6 ins. (76-2 cm.) high j·. s. ι Blankers-Koen, F. Holland 25-7 ι Thompson, C. A... Jamaica 25-6 ι King, J Australia 25-9 2 Sprecher, L France 26-0 2 Cheeseman, S Great Britain.. 25-7 2 Lightbourn, Ρ Bermuda 27-0 3 Faggs, M U.S.A 26-0 3 Foster, D Canada 26-1 3 Pini, L Brazil 27'6 4 Luz, M Brazil — 4 Cardoso de 4 Renard, M Belgium FIRST ROUND 5 Edness, Ρ Bermuda — Menezes, H. Brazil — - Sicnerova, Ο Chechoslovakia The first three in each heat qualified for the Semi-finals

HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT ι HEAT 2 s. j·. s. ι Robb, D South Africa .. 25-3 ι Patterson, A U.S.A 25-5 ι Blankers-Koen, F. Holland 11 -3 ι Gardner, M Great Britain.. 11-6 2 Strickland, S Australia 25-8 2 Walker, M Great Britain 25-8 2 Upton, J Great Britain.. 11-8 2 Lomska, L Chechoslovakia 11-8 3 Jackson, Ν U.S.A, 25-8 3 Russell, Κ Jamaica 26-3 3 Toulouse, J France 12Ό 3 de Portela, N. S..... Argentine ιι·8 4 Gilmore, D Canada — 4 Leyman, A Sweden 4 James, M Finland. — 4 Magnin- 5 Butia, A Yugoslavia —· 5 Decker, M Luxembourg.. 5 Hubervon Lamouche, J. France — 6 Kretschmer de Appen, M. Chile — 5 Kavounidou, D. .. Greece — Buccicardi, B. .. Chile 6 Manuel, Τ U.S.A —

HEAT 6 HEAT 7 3 HEAT 4 J·. .f. HEAT s. s. ι McKinnon, Β Australia 25-9 ι Williamson, A Great Britain.. 25 ·4 ι Monginou, Y. France 11-7 ι Steurer, Ε Austria 12-2 2 Faugouin, R France 25-9 2 Karelse, Ν Holland 26·ο ζ Strickland, S Australia 11-9 2 Van der Kade- 3 de Jongh, G Holland 26-2 Cheater, M Canada 26-4 3 3 Oberbreyer, M Austria 11-9 Koudijs, G. Holland 12-2 4 Pavlousek, G Austria — - Weller Schneider, 4 Robinson, U.S.A — 3 Walraven, J U.S.A 12-6 A Chile f C 5 Crowther, Β Great Britain.. — 4 Naukkerinen, K. .. Finland. — 5 Beckett, V Jamaica —

SEMI-FINALS The first three in each Semi-final qualified for the Final SEMI-FINALS HEAT 1 HEAT 2 The first three in each Semi-final qualified for the Final s. s. ι Blankers-Koen, F. Holland ι Γ Strickland, S. Australia 24-9 24-3 HEAT ι HEAT 2 25 ·ο 2 Patterson, A U.S.A \Williamson, A Great Britain.. 24-9 s. s. 3 Robb, D South Africa .. 25-1 3 Walker, M, Great Britain.. 25-3 ι Blankers-Koen, F. Holland 11 '4 ι Strickland, S Australia 11-7 4 Thompson, C. A... Jamaica 4 Cheeseman, S Great Britain.. — 2 Oberbreyer, M Austria 11'9 2 Monginou, Y France ιι·8 5 Faugouin, R France 5 Karelse, Ν Holland — 3 Lomska,'L Chechoslovakia 12-0 3 Gardner, M Great Britain.. 11-8 6 King, J Australia 6 McKinnon, Β Australia — 4 Upton, J Great Britain.. — 4 de Portela, N. S Argentine — 7 Lightbourn, P. .... Bermuda 7 Sprecher, L France — 5 Toulouse, J France — 5 Van der Kade- 6 Walraven, J. U.S.A — Koudijs, G. Holland — 6 Steurer, E. Austria — FINAL

1 BLANKERS-KOEN, F.. . Holland FINAL 2 WILLIAMSON, A . Great Britain s. 3 PATTERSON, A U.S.A ι BLANKERS-KOEN, F. Holland 11-2 4 Strickland, S . Australia 2 GARDNER, M. Great Britain 11-2 5 Walker, M . Great Britain 3 STRICKLAND, S Australia 11-4 6 Robb, D . South Africa ,. 4 Monginou, Y France — 5 Oberbreyer, M Austria — * Did not finish. f Disqualified by the Starter. 6 Lomska, L Chechoslovakia —

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD ATHLETICS

4 χ 100 METRES RELAY (Women) HIGH JUMP (Women)

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners

1908 Canada 48'4sec. 1932 U.S.A. 47Osec. 1936 U.S.A. 46'9sec. E. Catherwood Canada 5 ft. 2J in. i'59 m. I952 J· Shiley U.SA. 5 ft. 51 in· I't>5 m· 1936 I. Csak Hungary 5 ft. 3 in. i-6O m.

World and Olympic Record : 46'4 sec. Germany (E. Albus, K. Krauss, M. Dollinger, I. Dorffeldt) 1936 World Record : 5 ft. 7}: in. 1-71 m. F. E. Blankers-Koen (Holland) Brentwood, 1945

Olympic Record : 5 ft. in. rôj m. (Ι'(U'S·^ \ Los Angeles, 1932 1 c tM. Didnkson (U.S.A.) j

There were 74 entries from 13 nations ; 40 participants from 10 nations There were 22 entries from 12 nations ; 19 participants from 10 nations There mere no qualifying trials in this event.

FIRST ROUND ft. in. Ι COACHMAN, A. US. A ι Η The first two teams in each heat qualified for the final. 2 TYLER, D Great Britain 1 HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 3 OSTERMEYER, M, France 1 3f s. ί Beckett, V Jamaica 1 ζέ ι Canada (Myers, V., Mackay, N., ι Great Britain (Manley, D., Pletts, Holland (Stad-de Jong, X., Foster, D., Jones, P.) 47^9 M., Walker, M., Gardner, M.).. 48-4 Witziers-Timmer, J., Van der ^ ( Dredge, D. Canada 1 2 Australia (Strickland, S., Maston, 2 Austria (Jenny, G., Steurer, É., Kade-Koudijs, G., Blankers- 6 Crowther, Β Great Britain 1 2i Pavlousek, G., Oberbreyer, M.) 50-0 J., McKinnon, B., King, J.) 48-0 Koen, F.) 47-6 7 Steinegger, I Austria 1 ι 3 France (Toulouse, J., Faugouin, 3 Chile (Huber von Appen, M., Denmark (Lovso Nielsen, G., R., Sprecher, L., Moussier, J.),. 48-1 Kretschmer de Buccicardi, B., Bergendorff, B., Nielsen, B., 8 Gardner, D Great Britain 1 ι 4 Brazil (Souza Oliveira, B., Pini, Millard Pacheco, Α., Waller Nissen, H.) 48-1 ( Ruas, S France 1 4 11 L., Luz, M., Morg, G. 49-0 Schneider, A.) 51-5 U.SA. (Jackson, N., Manuel, T., Patterson, Α., Walker, Μ.Ε.)48-3 ^ i Iversen, A Denmark 1 4 11 !Gordon, S Canada 1 4 11 ι ι-ί Phipps, C Jamaica 1 4 11 [ Robinson, C U.S.A ι 4 11 Bourkel, C Luxembourg 1 η Colchen, A France 1 7i {Reed, Ε U.S.A ι 7i f Clara Muller, Ε Brazil 1 7i FINAL I^\ Gyarmati, Ο Hungary 1 7i 19 Silburn, Κ Canada 1 7i s. 1 HOLLAND 47-5 2 AUSTRALIA 47-6

3 CANADA 47-8 4 Great Britain 48-0 5 Denmark 48· 2

6 Austria 49-2

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

LONG JUMP (Women) THROWING THE DISCUS (Women)

This event was included in the Olympic programme for the first time Previous Olympic Winners

World Record : 20 ft. 6 in. 6-25 m. F. E. Blankers-Koen (Holland) Leyden, 1943 1928 H. Konopacka Poland 129FT. nfin. 39-62111. 1932 L. Copeland U.S.A. 133 ft. 2 in. 40-58 m.

1936 G. Mauermeyer Germany 156 FT. 3J in. 47-63 m.

There were 30 entries from 18 nations ; 26 participants from 17 nations World Record : 158 FT. 6 in. 48-31 m. G. Mauermeyer (Germany) Dresden, 1936

Olympic Record : 156 FT. 3J in. 47-63 m. G. Mauermeyer (Germany) Berlin, 1936 Each competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance was 5-30 m. All competitors who attained this distance took part in the Final. As 12 competitors did not attain 5'30 m., the 12 best competitors qualified.

m. ft. in. Ι GYARMATI, Ο Hungary 5 "695 18 8J 2 DE PORTELA, Ν. S. Argentine 5-600 18 45· There were 21 entries from 11 nations ; 21 participants from 11 nations 3 LEYMAN, A Sweden 5'575 18 3i 4 VanderKade-Koudijs.G. Holland 5'57° 18 3I There were no qualifying trials in this event. Each competitor had three attempts, and the leading six competitors three further attempts 5 Karelse, Ν Holland 5"545 18 2J 6 Russell, Κ Jamaica 5'495 l8 Oi 7 Canty, J Australia 5'380 Π 7Î m. ft. in. 8 Curtot-Chabot, Y France 5'35° 17 Ι OSTERMEYER, M. France 41 *92 137 6} 9 Oberbreyer, M Austria 5 '240 17 2I 2 CORDIALE GENTILE, Ε Italy 41-17 135 0i 10 Steinegger, I Austria 5'i95 17 0I 3 MAZE AS, J France 4°-47 I32 9i 11 Beckett, V Jamaica 5'145 16 10J 4 Wajs-Marcinkiewicz, J Poland 59-3° I28 nJ 12 Reed, Ε U.S.A 4-845 15 10J 5 Haidegger, L Austria 38-81 127 4 — Erskine, M Great Britain.... 6 Panhorst-Niesink, A Holland 38-74 i27 1 — Morg, G Brazil 7 Aberg, M.. Sweden 38-48 126 2J — Lee, L Great Britain.... 8 Mello de Preiss, I Argentine 38-44 126 1 — Ludwig, M 'Luxembourg 9 Tiltsch, F Austria 57-19 122 0 — Martel, Y France 10 Veste, Ρ France 36-84 120 10 •— Maston, J Australia 11 Kaszubski, F U.S.A 56-50 119 9 — Nowakowa, H Poland 12 Arenander, G Sweden 36-25 118 11 — Parviainen, Κ. Finland. 13 Roos-Lodder, Ρ Holland 56*15 118 7 — Pierucci, S Italy 14 Reid, Β Great Britain · 55*84 "7 7 — Shepherd, J Great Britain ... 15 Schlager, M Austria 54*79 II4 Ii — Silburn, Κ Canada 16 Dodson, D U.S.A 34-69 113 9i — Walraven, J US.A 17 Gabric Calvesi, L Italy 34-17 m n — Young, L U.S.A 18 Pak, Pong Sik Korea 55*80 no 10J — Lightbourn, Ρ Bermuda 19 Birtwistle, M Great Britain 33-02 108 4 20 Whyte, Ε Great Britain 32*46 106 5 J 21 Mate), J Yugoslavia 30*25 99 2J

* Did not qualify for the Final.

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ATHLETICS XIV OLYMPIAD

THROWING THE JAVELIN (Women) PUTTING THE SHOT (Women)

This event was included in the Olympic programme for the first time Previous Olympic Winners World Record : 47 ft. 2J in. 14-38 m. G. Mauermeyer (Germany) Warsaw, 1934 1932 M. Didrikson U.S.A. 143 ft. 4 in. 43-68 m. 1936 T.Fleischer Germany 148 ft. 2J in. 45-18 m.

Each competitor had three attempts. The qualifying distance was 12-3 m. All competitors who attained this distance took part in the World Record : 154 ft. nj in. 47-24 m. A. Steinheuer (Germany) Frankfurt, 1942 Final. As 12 competitors did not attain 12·$ m., the best 12 competitors qualified. Olympic Record : 148 ft. 2| in. 45-18 m. T. Fleischer (Germany) Berlin, 1936

There were 20 entries from 12 nations ; 19 participants from 12 nations There were 17 entries from 11 nations ; 15 participants from 10 nations

m. ft. in. There were no qualifying trials in this event. Each competitor had three attempts, and the leading six competitors three further attempts Ι OSTERMEYER, M France 13-75 45 2 PICCININI, A Italy 13-095 4* "I 3 SCHAFFER, Ρ Austria 13-08 42 N 4 Veste, Ρ France 12-985 42 η\ 5 Komarkova, J Chechoslovakia 12-92 42 4J m. ft- in. 6 Bruk, A Austria 12-50 41 ο Ι BAUMA, Η .... Austria 45-57 149 7 Radosavljevic, M Yugoslavia i2-355 4° 2 PARVIAINEN, K. Finland. 43-79 I43 8 8 Reid, Β Great Britain 12-17 39 11 3 CARLSTEDT, L. Denmark 42-08 138 ΟJ 9 Mello de Preiss, I Argentine 12-085 39 7i 4 Dodson, D •••• U.S.A 41-96 137 7I 10 Laurent, S. France 12-03 39 5i 5 Teunissem-Waalboer, J Holland 40-92 134 3 11 Olsson, Ε Sweden 11-84 38 10 6 Koning, J Holland 40-33 132 3i 12 Schlager, M Austria II-775 38 7 Ingrova, D Chechoslovakia ...39-64 130 oj — Birtwistle, M Great Britain * 8 Dammers, Ε Holland 38-23 125 5 —• Clara Muller, Ε Brazil 9 Schilling, G Austria 30-01 124 8|- —- Dodson, D U.S. A 10 Almqvist, I Sweden 37-26 122 — Kaszubski, F U.S. A 11 Sinoracka, M Poland 35-74 117 3 — Panhorst-Niesink, A Holland 12 Manuel, Τ U.S.A 33'82 no nj — Paulsen, L Norway 13 Saeys, Ν Belgium 31-77 104 3 — Whyte, Ε Great Britain 14 Long, M Great Britain 30-29 99 4! 15 Clarke, G Great Britain 29-59 97 1

* Did not qualify for the Final.

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library BASKETBALL BASKETBALL

on a firm footing. To reach international class, basketball players must learn the game in their early youth. This applies to ail games, of course, but, because of its Perhaps the most astonishing thing about the basketball tournament in the Games highly scientific tactical play, it may apply even more to basketball. was the extremely close competition. For instance, Korea, who finished eighth, From the technical point of view, the tournament made it clear that centre pivot play was beaten in the preliminary round by China, who eventually was eighteenth in the had slowed the game. There was far too much bringing the ball down slowly and then table. If the Games were played again, the order of finishing might well be different, setting up a play. Match after match revealed the same movement; the tremendous for there was little to choose between the second and nineteenth teams. The figures urge to establish a solid defence and to set up an attack around the pivot player. During speak for themselves:—in Group B, five of the six teams tied on points; out of 85 games the Games the Technical Committee of the International Federation amended the rules four required extra time, four were won by one point, eleven won by two points and so that in future no player, whilst his team possesses the ball, may remain under his twelve won by three to six points. basket for more than three seconds. Mr. Omar Browning, the U.S.A. coach, was astonished at the high standard of play, All the games were played in an extraordinarily fine spirit. Managers were always on and expressed the view that, by 1952, his country would have to improve still further the most cordial terms and though, during a match, it sometimes appeared that the two to hold the Olympic title. teams were bitter enemies, after the game the true spirit of the Olympic Games was It is well known that the United States is the home of basketball, and it is quite obvious apparent. The best qualities of each and every country prevailed and the contestants that the New World is still ahead of the Old, as of the first six positions, nations from recognised that although thousands of miles might separate their nations, the underlying the American continent filled five. virtues of human nature are the same everywhere and, on occasions such as this, shine like the Olympic flame. Of the U.S.A. team, the salient features were the enormous height of their players and their speed. Normally men of 6 ft. 9 ins. to 7 ft. ο ins. tall are not fast, but these players had all the agility of bantams! When height is combined with agility, superb ball control and intelligence there is no answer. Apart from the match with Argentine before the U.S.A. team had settled down, there was not a team who gave them a close game. As soon as these giants entered the arena, the opposing teams seemed to wilt and fade away. Though the U.S.A. won the championship, that they played the best basketball to watch may be in doubt, for some of the most scintillating ball play was that of the far eastern teams, Korea, Philippines and China. These three teams were a joy to watch. Though small of stature, their speed and ball manipulation were an educa­ tion. How the crowd loved tham, and how well they earned the admiration and respect of all basketball enthusiasts ! France, who finished second, was a steady team, and although not brilliant, their rock-like defence and methodical offensive earned their players this high position. Insufficient notice has perhaps been taken of the high ranking in the Games of the South American teams. What a match was the play-off for 3rd and 4th place between Brazil and Mexico ! Mexico might well have been the runners up, but unfortunately for them they met the U.S.A. in the semi-finals. However, to the surprise of most, Brazil beat Mexico by 5 2-47. The game was a needle match, full of colour and incidents, and the two referees must have been very tired by the end of the game ! It was good to see these South American teams with their colourful turn-out, and they play with a fire and determination which lower-ranking teams would do well to copy. The Canadian team, who were second in 1936, did not on this occasion get an Olympic award. Of the other teams there is little to say. They all played basketball of a high standard, with the exception of those countries where the game has only recently been established

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library J

XIV OLYMPIAD

FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE BASKETBALL AMATEUR

JURY OF APPEAL CHAIRMAN κ CHARLES BOIZARD, France

MEMBERS FERENG HEPP, Hungary WILLARD N. GREIM, U.S.A. J MENDEZ SCHIAFFINO, Uruguay Comm. PAOLO MAIRANO, Italy

SUBSTITUTES Col. ABDULLA RIFAAT, Egypt CHUNG HAN PUM, Korea

OLYMPIC TECHNICAL COMMITTEE J. TOBIN, U.S.A. W. R. JONES, Great Britain D. H. SCHMULL, Holland ο OFFICIALS REFEREES M. N. MORAN, Turkey M. A. SIENER, France M. F. VANDERPERREN num M. V. UGOLINI, Italy M. M. PFEUTI, Switzerland M. J. OSUSKI, Chechoslovakia M. A. A. ASHRI, Egypt M. G. FOLLATI, Italy M. G D. PETKOFF, Bulgaria ARENA MANAGER LIAISON OFFICER W. BROWNING M. BUXTON CHAIRMEN F. VERNON DAVIES T. PEACE J· L. MORTENSEN H. LITTLEWOOD R. M. MACMASTER R, SLOLEY TIMEKEEPERS A. N. LAGOPOULOS A. J. F. AMPHLETT R. W. CLAYTON E. J. RECKLESS P. TIMPANY S. W. SOUTH SCORERS R. J. ROBBINS A. J. MACKENZIE A. J. HASKINS to H. J. LEWIS Α. V. DEACON A. D. BRENNAN TEAM STEWARDS J. GOODMAN L. C. PIPER A. MAURINS H. ERRINGTON R. DAVIS A. P. LEGER MARSHALS L. DOMANSKI A. S. KNIGHT J. W. GREGOLAJTYS K. G. KINDELAN I. D. ROBB G. S. DALEY J. CUTHBERT C. HEPBURN K. R. WARREN T. B. BURKE P. R. DENNISON A. D. CALVERT C. CROMAR C. COLLINS R. C. COLLINS G. R. BOWEN S. OSBORNE Ε. B. DAVIS R. H. PERRY M. NEJMAN SCOREBOARD OPERATORS J. WALLIS R. M. HARFIELD R. SCOTT CAMERSON M. SOFIER M. D. COULTER R. ROTE D. M. LUSH M. E. C. ROBLOU J. F. PERREN J. SOFIER S. MORRIS P· LONGHURST P. NILSSON

288

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Great Britain beat Holland in the first round of the football tournament by 4 goals to 3 on the ground of the Arsenal football club. Here Britain are scoring their third goal.

The first round match in the football tournament in which Denmark beat Egypt on the ground of the Crystal Palace football club by 3 goals to 1. The Egyptian goalkeeper, Y. Imam, has dived to push a shot round the corner of the post. A general view of the match in the first round of the football tournament between Sweden and Austria on the ground of the Tottenham Hotspur football club. Austria are attacking but Sweden won the match by three goals to ml

A goal for Sweden during their semi-final match at the Empire Stadium against Denmark. K. Rosen was the scorer. Sweden won by 4 goals to 2.

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Thg goalkeeper, Ε. Nielsen, comes out to save for Denmark during the course of a Swedish attack in the semi-final match at the Empire Another view of the semi-final between Great Britain and Yugoslavia. F. Volfl, at centre forward for Yugoslavia, has tried a shot, but the British Stadium. goalkeeper, K. McAlinden, turns it round the post for a corner.

Yugoslavia's equalising goal in the final. S. Bobek, the Yugoslav centre forward is tackled by a Swedish defender, but his shot is already on its way A view taken during heavv pressure by Great Britain in the closing stages of their semi-final match with Yugoslavia at the Empire Stadium. J. Hardisty has just got his head to the ball, while H. Mcllvenny (9) and D. Kelleher (10) look on. past T. Lindberg in the Swedish goal.

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library si

The final match in the football tournament at the Empire Stadium. The captains, B. Rosengren (Sweden) and M. Brozovic (Yugoslavia) shake hands before the start. # Between them are Mr. C. J. Battersby, who was in charge of the technical arrange­ ments for the tournament, and the referee for the final, Mr. W. Ling (Great Britain).

T. Lindherg, the Swedish goalkeeper, saving during the final

The match for third place in the football tournament at the Empire Stadium between Great Britain and Denmark. E. Neilsen, the Danish goalkeeper pushes the ball clear of the British centre forward, H. Mcllvenny

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Z. Mijatovic ( Yugoslavia) on the balancing beam.

A general view of the arena at the Empress Hall during the progress of the gymnastic events ; a women's team exercise is in progress in the left foreground.

The winning team, Czechoslovakia, in the women's gymnastic event.

L. Micheli {Italy), the pig-tailed youngest com­ petitor in the gymnastics, poised on the balancing beam.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library P. Benetka {Czechoslovakia) on the parallel bars

A. Thomsen {Denmark) on the horizontal bar

Wales (Great Britain) on the rings, with other members of the British team watching.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library BASKETBALL

BASKETBALL

ι Previous Olympic Winner 1936 U.S.A.

There were 298 entries and participants from 23 nations

CONDITIONS OF TOURNAMENT The competing nations were divided into four preliminary groups, the grouping being determined by the International Federation. Each team met every other team in the same preliminary group. Group placings were determined on match points awarded as follows :— 2 points for match won. Ε. Studer {Switzerland), one of the team which ι point for match lost. was placed second in gymnastics, during the ο point for match forfeited. horizontal bar exercise. E. Studer finished sixth of the competing gymnasts in the twelve-exercise In the case of a tie on match points the proportion of points for and against was used to determine the group placings. competition. The two teams at the head of each preliminary group qualified for a group which played a series of eliminating matches to determine the first eight places in the competition. The third and fourth teams in each preliminary group played off a similar series of eliminating matches to determine places nine to sixteen. The fifth and sixth teams in each preliminary group played a series to determine the remaining placings.

PRELIMINARY GROUP RESULTS AND TABLES

Group A Group Β

Uruguay...... 69 Great Britain ...... 17 Philippines ... I02 Iraq ... 30 Brazil ...... 45 Hungary ... 41 Belgium...... 27 Korea ...... 29 Canada ...... 55 Italy ... 37 China ...... 39 Chile ...... 44 Uruguay...... 32 Brazil ...... 36 Iraq ... I8 Chile ...... ICO Canada ...... 44 Great Britain ...... 24 Korea ... 33 Philippines ... 35 Italy ... 19 Hungary ... 32 Belgium...... 34 China ...... 36 Great Britain ...... II Brazil ...... 76 Philippines ... 39 Chile ...... 68 Canada ...... 36 Hungary ... 37 Iraq 20 Belgium ... 98 Italy ... 34 Uruguay ... 46 Korea ... 48 China ...... 49 Great Britain ... 28 Italy ... 49 Chile ... 36 Belgium ... 38 Hungary ... 31 Uruguay ... 49 Korea ... 120 Iraq ... 20 Canada ...... 35 Brazil ...... 57 Philippines ... 51 China ...... 32 Hungary ... 60 Great Britain ...... 23 Philippines ... 35 Belgium ... 37 Brazil ...... 47 Italy ... 31 China ...... 125 Iraq ... 25 Canada ...... 52 Uruguay ... 50 Chile 21 Korea ...... 28

Group A Group Β

p. w. L. F. A. PTS. p. w. L. F. A. PTS. Brazil ... 5 5 Ο 261 150 10 Korea... 5 3 2 258 152 8 Uruguay ... 5 3 Ζ 246 170 8 Chile ...... 5 3 2 269 162 8 Hungary ... 5 3 2 20I I?2 8 Belgium ... 5 3 2 234 156 8 Canada ... 5 3 2 222 205 8 Philippines ...... 5 3 2 262 200 8 M. Reusch (Switzerland) competes on the Italy ...... 5 I 4 I70 208 6 China...... 5 3 2 281 202 8 horizontal bar. Great Britain ... 5 0 5 I03 298 5 Iraq ... 5 0 5 II3 545 5

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Group C Group D 62 FINAL ORDER OF NATIONS U.S.A.... 86 Switzerland 21 Iran 30 France Cuba 1 Chechoslovakia 3 8 Veru 3° Mexico 39 3 i. U.S.A. 57 f-gypt ··· Mexico 71 Eire 9 Argentine 38 Barker, C. Boryla, V. Kurland, R. Robinson, R. peru 52 Egypt ... 27 Cuba 31 France 37 Mexico 56 France 42 Barksdale, D. Carpenter, C. Lumpp, R. Rollins, K. Switzerland 23 49 Beard, R. Pitts, R. Chechoslovakia 28 Eire 22 Iran 49 Groza, A. U.S.A. ... 53 Beck, L. Jones, W. C. Renick, J. Smt-yerland 19 Veru 49 Mexico 68 Iran 27 25 Cuba 88 U.S.A. ... 59 Argentine 57 Eire Chechoslovakia 52 Egypt ... 38 Iran 30 Cuba 63 2. FRANCE U.S.A.... 66 Egypt ... 28 France 73 Eire 14 Barrais, A. Derency, R. Guillou, F. Robuffic, L. Chechoslovakia 54 Switzerland 28 Bonnevie, M. de Saymonnet, M. Offner, R. Thiolon, P. Argentine 42 Peru 34 Buffiere, A. Even, A. Perrier, J. Egypt ... 31 Switzerland 29 Chocat, R. Girardot, M. Quenin, Y. υ.S.A.... 6l Peru 33 Argentine 41 Czechoslovakia 45 3. BRAZIL Group D Group C Azevedo, Z. da Motta, R. Freitas, R. Oliveira, N. p. w. L. F. A. PTS. P. w. Ι­ F. A. PTS. Benvenuti, L. Dias, M. Gemignani, A. Rodrigues, G. Ο 184 109 8 U.S.A. ... 5 5 Ο 325 167 10 Mexico 4 4 Braz, J. Evora, A. Marson, A. Sorcinelli, M. I 214 131 Chechoslovakia 4 I 217 I90 9 France 4 3 7 ... 5 2 2 213 131 6 Argentine ... 5 3 % 246 199 8 Cuba ... 4 I 136 219 4. MEXICO Peru ...... 5 2 3 198 187 7 Iran ... 4 3 5 0 7° 281 Acuna Lizana, A. Cardiel Gay ton, J. Guerrero Delgado, H. Rojas Herrera, F. Egypt ... 5 I 4 162 252 6 Eire ... 4 4 4 Alfaro Loza, I. Diaz Mercado, R. Lopez Enriquez, E. Santos de Leon, J. Swithprland ... 0 5 I20 269 5 5 Bienvenu Barajas, A. Galindo Chavez, F. Romo Porchas, I. FINAL GROUPS Cabrera Gandara, J. Gudino Goya, J. Rojas Herrera, J. Group for first eight places 5. URUGUAY U.S.A. Uruguay } U.S.A. Acosta y Lara, M. Diab, M. Gordon, E. Rossêllo, C. U.S.A. 65 Anton, N. Eidlin, A. Lombardo, A. Ruiz, H. Mexico 43 \ Alexico Cieslinkas, V. Folle, Ε. Lovera, R. Korea 32/ Demarco, N. Garcia Otero, H. Margarinos, G. U.S.A. brazil 6. CHILE Czechoslovakia Brahjl Kapstein Suckel, E. Mitrovic Guic, A. Sanchez Carmona, M. I"· France Cordero Fernandez, E. Figueroa Reyes, E. Ledesma Barrales, M. Moreno Rodillo, A. Verdugo Yanez, G. France Chile 52 43J Gallo Chinchilla, J. Mahana Badrie, V. Parra Rojas, E. France ...... 53;} _ Hammer Casadio, R. Marmentini, G. L. E. Raffo Abarca, H. Match for 3rd and 4th place Brahjl 52 Mexico • 47 Matches for 5 th to 8 th places Chechoslovakia ... 36 Chile • 38 Korea 36 Uruguay ... • 45 7. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Uruguay ...... 50 Chile • 32 Belohradsky, J. Ezr, J. Krenicky, Z. Toms, J. Korea ...... 38 Czechoslovakia • 39 Benacek, C. Kalina, J. Krepela, J. Trpkos, L. Group for places nine to sixteen Chlup, Z. Kozak, J. Mrazek, I, Belgium (a bye) Drvota, J. Krasa, V. Siegel, J. Hungary (withdrew) } Belgium ... 40^ Canada 49 8. KOREA Canada ...... 81 Canada ... 45^ Kim, Chung Shin Iran 25;} Ahn, B. Chyo, Deuk Joon Lee, Sang Hoon Bang, W. Kang, Bong Hyun Lee, Choon Yung Oh, Soo Chul ^ CANADA Chang, Ri Chin

Cuba ...... 40•\ r Peru ...... 45 J Peru... 40 9. CANADA Peru... 43 Bakken, O. Kermode, H. Morein, M. Tolchinsky, S. Argentine...... 43 ^ Philippines 29 Bell, W. Lands, B. Munro, G. Waxman, M. Philippines ... 45^ Bloomfield, D. McGeer, P. Scarr, R. Philippines ... 34 Match for nth and 12th place Campbell, D. Mitchell, J. R. Strulovitch, S. Matches for 13 th to 16th places Cuba ...... 35 Argentine...... 34 Iran (a bye) Hungary (withdrawn) Cuba ...... 70 Iran 36 10. PERU Group for places seventeen to twenty-three Ahrens Valdivia, G. Drago Burga, V. Fiestas Arce, E. Soracco Rios, R. China 42} Alegre Benavides, C. Fernandez Calderon, A. Salas Crespo, R. Vizcarra Nieto, J. Switzerland 34. China Descalso, D. Ferreyros Perez, A. Sanchez Maquiavelo, L. China 38 Eire Great Britain 11. BELGIUM Great Britain s} ITALY Baert, G. Hermans, H. Lampo, L. Van de Goor, L. Hollanders, A. Neuris, Julien Italy Bernaer, A. Van Wambeke, A. 77 Coosemans, H. Hollanders, H. Poppe, G. Iraq 28} Italy... Italy... 54, De Fauw, F. Kets, E. Steurbaut, R. Egipt Egypt (a bye) 12. PHILIPPINES Match for 19 th and 20th place 5° Great Britain Matches for 21st to 23 rd place Eire 12 Switzerland Araneta, Jr., M. De La Cruz, A. Fulgencio, E. Mumar, L. Iraq (a bye) Campos, Jr., R. Fajardo, F. Martinez, P. Vestil, F. Switzerland w.o. for 21st place Iraq (withdrawn) Decena, E. Fajardo, G.

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15. CUBA Ruiz Vinajeras, F. Aguero Medrano, M. Garcia Ordonez, R. Lopez Gar vise, F. Wiltz Bucelo, R. Alvarez, A. Lavernia, H. Otero Vazquez, P. M. The popularity of boxing as a universal sport can be in little doubt after the evidence Garcia, A. C. Llanusa Gobcl, J. Paget, O. Garcia, J. Llaneras Rodriguez, M. Quintero Padron, M. of the 1948 Olympic Games, and it is a matter of pride and satisfaction that amateur boxing had its origins in England. 14. IRAN Solbi, A. Aslitari, K. Jabbarzadegan, H. Rafatjah, H. Soroudi, H. In all, thirty-nine nations sent 206 competitors, all the best at their weights from Ehssassi, A. Karandish, H. Sadeghi, F. Esfendiari, F. Mohtadi, F. Shademan, Z. Soudipour, H. wherever they came, and not one who did not hope to return home victorious. Hashemi, H. Owing to the large entry, the greatest ever, it was necessary to hold a preliminary 15. ARGENTINE Varani, B. day's boxing at the Empress Hall, Earl's Court, on Saturday, August 7. On Monday, Calvo, R. Guerrero, M. Nure, J. Vio, T. Contarbio, L. Lledo, R. Perez Cattaneo, O. however, the events were transferred to their intended venue, the Empire Pool at Furlong, O. Martinetti, L. Ruffa, A. Gonzalez, R. Menini, R. Uder, J. Wembley. The swimmers, who had completed their events on the Saturday before, left a legacy of a water-filled swimming pool, over which a bridge was built to hold the 16. HUNGARY Verbenyi, J. boxing ring. In the evening the bright lights and many coloured flags presented a Bankuti, A. Kozma, ]. Novakovszky, L. Zsiros, T. Benedek, P. Lovrics, I. Timar-Geng, A. kaleidoscopic reflection in the water around the ring, and without doubt enhanced the Halasz, J. Mezofi, T. Timar-Geng, I. Kardos, G. Nagy, G. Vadaszi Viboch, E. splendour of the scene.

17. ITALY Just as splendid was the boxing itself that took place above the pool. In the earlier Stefanini, S. Bersani, G. Marietti, F. Primo, G. series, the standard was at times indifferent but, with the approaching conclusion of the Tracuzzi, A. Cerioni, C. Marinelli, G. Ranuzzi, R. Ferriani, S. Nesti, G. Rapini, L. competitions, the quality of the performances increased perceptibly. No critic could Mantelli, E. Pellarini, V. . Romanutti, R. have wished for a better display of boxing than was seen on the final evening. Despite some questionable verdicts at an earlier stage of the competitions, no one could question 18. CHINA Chia, Chung-Chang Lee, E. Wee, Tian-Siak Yee, J. the decisions of the judges in the finals. The skill, the pluck and, above all, the sports­ Yu, Sai-Chang Chua, Bon-Hua Lee, Tsun-Tung Woo, Cheng-Chang manship of the competitors paid tribute to the ideals of the Olympic Games. Kya, Is-Kyun Pao, John Sung-Yuan

19. EGYPT Îlyweights. The first Olympic Boxing title of 1948 went to the Argentine, P. Perez Nessin, A. Abbas, Y. El Leissy, G. Makzoume, R. winning a closely contested bout in the final against the southpaw Italian, S. Bandinelli. Soliman, M. Abo Ouf, Y. Fahmy, A. Moawad, H. Perez had already beaten some first class opponents before reaching the final, among them Abul Kheir, F. Habib, M. Mohamad, M. Catafago, A. Ismail, A. Montassir, H. A. Bollaert (Belgium), who had outpointed Great Britain's Henry Carpenter. In the semi-final, the Argentinian had a points win over the slim but speedy F. Majdloch, a 20. GREAT BRITAIN Czechoslovakian with boundless energy and no little skill. Third place in the flyweights Co[e p_ Hunt, C. McMeekan, Stanley Price, L. Da vies T. Legg, D. McMeekan, Sydney Weston, H. was taken by S. A. Han (Korea) who outboxed Majdloch. The reigning European Eke, A. ' Legg' R. Norris, R. Weston, S. Finlay, M. Champion, L. Martinez Zapata of Spain, after winning his first and second bouts, was out­ pointed by the eventual runner-up, Bandinelli. This was a surprise to many, as Martinez 21. SWITZERLAND Stockly, G. Zapata had won the European Championship in 1947, and followed this by being the only Albrecht, P. Chollet, M. Landini, C. Tribolet, J. Baumann, H. Dutoit, B. Pare, J. successful European competitor in the match against U.S.A., shortly after. Bossy, M. Geiser, R. Piaget, G. Chevalley, C. Gujer, H. Pollet, J. Bantamweights. As a whole, the boxing in this weight was hardly up to the standard

22. IRAQ of the flyweights, with the exception of the winner, T. Csik, of Hungary, and his opponent Ahmed, H. Hashim, A. Saleh, F Salman in the final, G. Zuddas (Italy). The sturdy Zuddas's close-quarter work was nullified Emile, Y. Wan, A. Salmain, M. Wadoon, K. by Csik's speedy boxing, which enabled Csik to gain the first of Hungary's two titles. Hanna, G. Kanaan, A. Italy, with a finalist in each, of the first two weights, had to be content with a second place 23, EIRE in each case. Sheriff, P. Boland, H. Keenan, T. O'Donovan Walsh, C. Crehan, P. McLoughlin, G. McGee, J. Featherweights. E. Formenti, Italy's third finalist, made up for the defeats of his Flynn, J. Malone, T. Reddin, D. Jackson, W. O'Connor, F. Sheriff, D. countrymen by outpointing the plucky South African, D. G. Shepherd, in the final.

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two apart until the final. The copy-book boxing of each, attack and counter attack, Shepherd, another southpaw, had sustained a cut eye early in the series and boxed under the variety of punches, the speed and natural ring-craft ensured a final which could not this severe handicap. From time to time, his eye had to be stitched and re-stitched, and at have displeased even a connoisseur of the sport. Scott, who had injured his nose prior the finish he certainly looked as if he had been in the wars. Forment! was a worthy to the Games, made light of his handicap, and was little behind the faultless Hunter in any champion with a good boxing style which gained its just reward. The third place winner, round, but Hunter's superiority was sufficient to gain him the decision. An unusual A. Antkiewicz (Poland), also displayed a forceful style, but met his master in Formenti casualty in this weight was A. F. Holmes of Australia. During his contest with G. M. Cia at the semi-final stage. (Argentine) for third place, he fell to the floor and broke his ankle. Lightweights. In the lightweight class. South Africa had the first of her two winners, G. Dreyer, who was an example of the English style which paid such good dividends Heavyweights. The form of the heavyweights was not exceptional. Argentine, who throughout the boxing in the Games. He had no easy passage in winning his title. The had won the first event, the flyweights, capped the evening by winning the final event. European Champion, J. Vissers of Belgium, was Dreyer's opponent in the final. Vissers A. R. Iglesias, who had won his previous three bouts on points, knocked out the Swede, is a persistent attacker and set about wearing Dreyer down, until a short left to the chin G. Nilsson, in the final. The latter had hardly been expected to finish in second place, put him down for a count in the second round. Thereafter, there seemed little doubt and in his bout with Iglesias, found the Argentinian a little too good for him. J. Gardner that Dreyer would finish up the winner. Of all the competitors in the boxing, no one of Great Britain had shown promise in knocking out the Austrian, K. Ameisbichler, was more courteous and gentlemanly than S. Wad of Denmark. His exemplary conduct in the second round. Against H. Muller (Switzerland), however, in his next fight, he in the ring was matched by the skilful use of his left hand. At times, he seemed hardly was unable to cope with the swinging blows of his opponent, after taking a heavy punch strong enough to weather the storm, especially against the powerful M. McCullagh in the first round. Two other boxers who promised well in this less-polished weight, (Eire), but his apparent weakness was a mere deception. Beaten by Dreyer in the semi­ were J. Arthur (South Africa) and E. Lambert (U.S.A.). An injury to his ribs, had without doubt, affected the performance of Lambert, who lost to Arthur in the third final, he was eventually placed third. round. Arthur, who lost to Iglesias in the semi-final, finished in third place. Welterweights. The welterweight winner, J. Torma (Czechoslovakia), was probably the best defensive boxer in the competitions, and he was also a strong attacker. His It is a tribute to the birthplace of boxing to say that almost all of the winners, and many defensive work was a joy to watch. Without moving his feet, he would sway out of of those who reached the later stages, owed much to the fact that they boxed in the distance or ride any punch that was close enough to be menacing. His sangfroid must traditional English style. True, they all showed that they could meet emergencies by have been disconcerting to his numerous opponents, and, coupled with his general "fighting" when necessary, but there is little doubt that the upstanding, straight-punch ringcraft, proved too much for all of them. His opponent in the final, H. Herring style is still the basis of good boxing. The staying power of most of the competitors (U.S.A.), certainly made Torma move around, but his snappy punches did not land often was also a notable feature and in many cases proved to be the deciding factor when two enough to give him the verdict. Herring was the only U.S.A. competitor to gain a otherwise equal men met. place in the Olympic Boxing events. No boxer can survive a week's competition unless he is perfectly fit and it was evident Middleweights. In this weight, Hungary had a second winner in L. Papp, another of that each country had ensured the fitness and stamina of its competitors. At the same the many southpaws competing. Although his style was hardly ideal, his punch must time, the large number of participants in the Olympic Games boxing places a great be classified as lethal. His first three opponents did not last the three rounds. In the strain on those who reach the finals. It is true that each finalist is in much the same final he met J. Wright (Great Britain), who had taken some hard knocks in his earlier position, but it must be realised that, at the end of a week's boxing, they are bound to bouts. Against Papp, Wright showed great pluck and, after recovering from some of feel the continuous strain of keeping to weight, surviving injury and facing a new the Hungarian's damaging punches, went into the attack. Papp, however, was equal opponent almost every day. to the occasion and finished a clear winner. The feature of this weight was the number In the course of the boxing at the 1948 Games, there was no major failing in relation of gruelling contests which took place. Not the least of these was the one between to the arrangements for the competitors or the spectators, if the refereeing and judging two much-fancied contestants, M. McKeon (Eire) and A. Escudie (France). Both in the earlier rounds is excepted. That this left much to be desired was evidenced by were strong boxers, who had no intention of giving way to each other, and they punched strong action taken by the Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur in eliminating and counter-punched from start to finish of a thrilling and cleanly contested bout. those officials who were adjudged below the required standard. The refereeing and judging in the final stages was impeccable and not one verdict in the finals was questioned Light-heavyweights. Contrary to the normal run of boxing, this weight provided the by the vast audience at the Empire Pool, despite the closeness of many of the bouts. most polished boxer of the, entire Games. G. Flunter (South Africa), the winner, was The value of the Jury d'Appel in finding the best officials on this occasion cannot be without doubt the best all-round competitor in any weight. Nearly matching Hunter in his excellence was D. E. Scott of Great Britain. The luck of the draw kept these doubted.

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ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE BOXE AMATEUR Though the boxing events in this class of competition are not unknown for incidents, there was only one affair which could possibly be labelled as such. A competitor, who JURY OF APPEAL had had the verdict given against him, was encouraged to run round the Pool to demon­ Major-General W. R. E. MURPHY, DSO, MC, Ireland strate his disagreement. This incident, however, turned out to be more amusing than VIKTOR SMEDS, Finland amazing. J. ORIANI, Argentine Altogether the boxing events could be termed most successful. The results of the A. DVORAK, Chechoslovakia finals saw two titles go to South Africa, two to South America and four to Europe, a not uneven distribution. The progress shown by some of the lesser known boxing A. SCHEMAN, France nations is most encouraging, and they can look forward to the next Games with a fair A. FORRAY, Hungary measure of confidence. H. G. H. CHANDLEY, Great Britain Keen competition and good fellowship were the order of the day. This was the Ε. MAZZIA, Italy spirit of the 1948 Games, and while that spirit is shown, the Olympic Games fulfil, A. PROET HOST, Norway indeed, the ideals of their inaugurator. A. ZAPLATKA, 'Poland T. ST. J. DEAN, South Africa J. A. LEE, U.S.A.

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE BOXE AMATEUR

PRESIDENT OF HONOUR J. M. WYATT, PROS

PRESIDENT EMILE GREMAUX, France

HON. SECRETARY-TREASURER Lt.-Col. R. H. RUSSELL, Great Britain

V ICE-PRESIDENTS EDOARDO MAZZIA, Italy JAMES A. LEE, U.S.A. VIKTOR SMEDS, Finland

MEMBERS OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Sir EUGEN MILLINGTON DRAKE, KCMG, Argentine Major-Gen. W. R. E. MURPHY, DSO, MC, Ireland A. PROET HOST, Norway

SECRETARIAT W. J, G. LEWIS, Assistant Secretary J. H. POOLE, 1/c Draws F. FROST, i/c Brassards, Referees and Judges Miss P. PEYTON, Stenographer Mlle. MICHELINE BASQUIN, Stenographer

All Bouts were contested over three rounds of three minutes each with one minute between rounds.

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OFFICIALS FLYWEIGHT Referees and Judges ÎJaIso/Ί Officers J. L. Blonstein (Up to 51 kg. 112 lb. 6 oz. 15 dr.) Oscar Garzon Funes H. W. Mallin J. Fenton W. Hanks J. Titmus J. H. Hale M. M. Devos H. M. Rashbrook M. Rayemackers J. G. Golroy Previous Olympic Winners A. F. d'Almeida Interpreters D. R. Tipping A. H. Cogman 1904 G. Finnigan U.S.A. 1928 A. Koesis Hungary Gustavo de Mattos W. Morrison C. L. Greenbury 1920 F. de Genaro U.S.A. 1932 St. Enekes Hungary B. Kobza D. Schwizik H. A. Afifi A. Hauptrief J. C. Lade 1924 F. la Barba U.S.A. 1936 W. Kaiser Germany M. Haddad F. H. Trevett D. Wallace E. Makinen D. McPhail M. Vaisberg I. MacKenzie D. Wilkinson M. Rabret Scales Managers M. Pecquer Dr. Gilbert C. Bloomfield , H. S. Murray H. W. Adams There were 39 entries from 28 nations ; 26 participants from 26 nations M. Fitzpatrick R. J. Munford G. Marjoribanks Whips Ε. N. Mobbs J. Sanders W. C. Robins P. Loomans F. G. Parish 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL A. F. Fish J. P. Barry 1st ROUND 2nd ROUND C. Gallagher R. W. Kittlehales P. B. Swann J. J. Walsh E. Booth W. H. Sherwood Sodano, F. U.S.A. Sodano J. J. Healy W. Parker Ε. T. M. Austin "{• Sodano S. Loy 1 L. S. Deubert W. A. Ingham Bhatta, R. India Bhatta J On pts. Sr. Pagani-Cesa way H. Parfitt D. Green I Majdloch G. Pixius F. A. S. Hinton L. Copson Barnes, W. Eire Barnes On pts. J. Welter Glyn Evans A. J. Lennox > Majdloch A. Nuss C. V. Sederman W. E. Nightingale Majdloch, F. Chechoslovakia Majdloch J On pts. D. Calvo J. W. Turner J. Procter J. Casanovas F. Verlander Bollaert, A. Belgium Bollaert > Perez J. Risoto R. F. Thomas ^ Bollaert On pts. F. V. Del Valle K. L. Wall M.C.'s Carpenter, H. Great Britain Carpenter J On pts. M. Ritzi (The above had byes) Tage Bergman R. Pressney, ^ Perez Cervera S. Lock Recorders Perez, P. Argenti}ie Ί Perez On pts. C. R. Thompson H. A. Hedger E. J. Tucker Adolfo, R. Philippines] Kef. stopped fight Perez S. Roy le F. Mills F. S. Dove 2,rd rd. Ref. stopped F. Tyler Ivor Mattews R. C. Green Williams, D. South Williams fight yd rd. J. Holland F. Rostron F. J. Attwood Burgstrom, P. Sweden J On pts. Cdr. S. D. Cutter P. Fox C. Allen A. Naderi E. S. Every H. J. Mitchell Han, S. A. Korea\Îlan T. Bryan B. Missik W. Carpenter Gausterer, R. Austria J On pts, ^PEREZ W. B. Marchant J. H. Miller Han On pts. Judges J. H. Bryan Meneses Rodriguez, C. Ρί/·«\Cochin On pts. R. Almeida J. Gardiner Cochin, M. Trance J On pts. M.C.'s Stewards E. Bustamente E. Williams Han W. Ver Eecken J. H. Rice D. C. Keating Corman, H. Holland \ Corman Ί K.O. 2nd rd. James Sims J. E. Taylor A. F. Jamieson Rassaeli, G. Iran j On pts. Corman D. G. Obeyesekere R. Bebbington y- Ref. stopped S. W. Dassenaike P. Morrison Maung Myo Thant Maung Myo Thant fight 3 rd rd. C. C. Bartolome D. Williams Competitors' Sandulo, O. Canada J On pts. Dave Stevenson J. Harding Stewards Bandinelli On pts. John Eriksson W. H. Stalley Martinez Zapata, L. Martinez Zapata O. Soderlund J. Graves Bondi, M. Hungary J On pts. Martinez Zapata Sven Holmberg Timekeepers W. J. Parmenter On pts. Frank Schwinger T. C. L. Parkinson J. Beard Gower, R. Australia \ Gower J. L. Fabricio A. J. P. Martin Kasperczak, J. Poland J On pts. Bandinelli A. Rondini J. S. Hawkins F. Gill On t>ts. R. C. Warnes Glovers Lehtinen, O. Finland ] Bandinelli A. Harmo R. K. Gunn Bandinelli, S. Italy } On pts. Yussef J. Holmes Bandinelli R. S. Attwater J. Dennis Ceylon\ Handunge On pts. A. Ratcliffe A. C. Essex Handunge, L. Secretariat Uruguay J On pts. A. L. Cartwright W. R. H. Yexley Porteiro, G. J. O. Mcintosh J. S. Williams T. Wilder H. C. Brundle W. Nichols Third place bout HAN bt. Majdloch on points.

Arena Managers Seconds W. T. Lovett Medical Officers F. E. Perry FINAL PL AGINGS L. A. Maddison A. Kennedy L. S. Coman R. H. Charles J. P. Reidy D. R. Wilson ι PEREZ, P. Argentine Η Ν. Mansergh Ε. B, Strauss T. Ryder 2 BANDINELLI, S. Italy 5 HAN, S. A. Korea

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FEATHERWEIGHT BANTAMWEIGHT (Up to 58 kg. 127 lb. 13 oz. 14 dr.) (Up to 54 kg. 119 lb. ο oz. 12 dr.)

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners 1904 O'Kirk U.S.A. 1928 V. Tamagnini Italy 1904 O'Kirk U.S.A. 1928 L. van Kloveren Holland 1908 H. Thomas Great Britain 1932 H. Gwyne Canada 1908 R. Gunn Great Britain 1932 R. Robledo Argentine 1920 Walker South Africa 1936 U. Sergo Italy 1920 P. Fritsch France 1936 O. Casanovas Argentine 1924 W. Smith South Africa 1924 F. Field U.S.A.

There were 42 entries from 31 nations ; 30 participants from 30 nations There were 42 entries from 32 nations ; 30 participants from 30 nations

1st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL 1st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL Kerschbaumer, E. Austria Kerschbaumer Saw, H. Burma Saw \ Kerschbaumer Perera Verdu Belen, F. Spain Verdu Belen J On pts. Perera, A. Ceylon Perera } m·· .. (The above had byes) (Jihe above had byes) fight znd rd. Nunez Venegas Bose, B. 7«î£i2\Nunez Ί On pts. Callebout, L. 2 \ Venegas On pts. Nunez, F. Argentine j On pts. Venegas, J. Puerto Rico J On pts. > Nunez Venegas Ghaoui, M. Lf&7»o»\Videla Castillo On tts. Lall, B. Lall On pts. Videla Castillo, M. Chile f On pts. Monterio, A. Pakistan J Kef. stopped Shepherd fight ïst rd. Csik Delannoit, E. '/"I Alves On pts. Rivera Saenz, S. Rivera Saenz On pts. Alves, B. Uruguay f On pts. Ahiin, N. * Sweden f On pts. Johnson >Csik Goslin, C. New Zealand\]ohnson On pts. Csik, T. Hungary\Cs'ùi On pts. Johnson, E. U.S.A. f Kef. stopped Nascimento, M. Brazil j disq. 2nd rd. fight yd rd. Shepherd Csik Shepherd, D. South Africa \ Shepherd On pts. Toweel, V. South vl/hVaT Pares w.o. Greve, S. Pakistan f On pts. Pares, A. Argentine ] On pts. Shepherd • Carruthers Ammi, M. France\Ammi On pts. Daigle, F. Canada \ Carruthers On pts. Brander, P. Great Britain f On pts. Carruthers, J. Australia f disq. znd rd. ^FORMENT! Csik Tammelin, M. Finland\Birks On pts. Proffitt, T. Great Ojeda Malpica On pts. Birks, L. Australia f On pts. Ojeda Malpica, E. Mexico J On pts. Su Vicente Hamoda, M. Egypt\Sa K.O. znd rd. 'Demenech Su, Bung Nan Korea J On pts. Vicente Demenech, A. SpahiX Vicente Demenech disq. ^rd rd. Aghassi, E. Iranf On pts. Vicente Antkiewicz Demenech Garcia Arcila, P. Pera"! Garcia Arcila On pts. Carrizo, P. Uruguay \ Carrizo disq. znd rd. Sorensen, S. Denmark J On pts. Mazurkiewicz, H. Austria f On pts. Gonzalez Antkiewicz ••Henriques Trani, L. Philippines\ Antkie wicz On pts. Bazarnik, W. Ροώ/αΠ Gonzalez Henriques On pts. Amkiewicz, A. Poland/ On pts. Formenti Gonzalez Henriques, C. Chile) On pts. On pts. Zuddas Farkas, B. Hungary \ Formenti Lineham, W. Eire\ Lineham On pts. Formenti, E. Italy J On pts. Behm, R. Luxembourg J On pts. I Formenti Lineham Martin, K. Eire \ Martin ( On pts. Ouvinen, O. Vinland \ Ouvinen On pts. Linneman, N. Holland f On pts. Thastum, E. Denmark J On pts. ^Formenti Zuddas Gundersen, K. Norn>ay\Co\on On pts. Zarcal, B. Philippines Ί Zuddas Kef. stopped Colon, S. Puerto Rico J K.O. 1st rd. Ί Zuddas, G. Italy J On pts. fight yd rd. l Savoie Zuddas Fani, J. 7ra«\ Savoie f On pts. Bossio, W. U.S.A.\Gtcnot K.O. znd rd. Savoie, A. Canada f disq. yd rd. Grenot, J. France J On pts. Third place bout ANTKIEWICZ bt. Nunez on points Third place bout VENEGAS bt. Vicente Demenech on points FINAL PLACINGS FINAL PLACINGS ι FORMENTI, E. Italy 1 CSIK, T. Hungary ζ SHEPHERD, D. South Africa 2 ZUDDAS, G. Italy 3 ANTKIEWICZ, A. Poland 3 VENEGAS, J. Puerto Rico 301 300

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library BOXING XIV OLYMPIAD

LIGHTWEIGHT WELTERWEIGHT (Up to 62 kg. 136 lb. 10 oz. 15 dr.) (Up to 67 kg. 147 lb. 11 oz. 5 dr.)

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners

1904 H. Spanger U.S.A. 1928 C. Orlandi ha/y 1904 A. Young U.S.A. 1928 E. Morgan New Zealand 1908 F.Grace Great Britain 1932 L.Stevens South Africa 1920 Schmieder Canada 1932 E. Flynn U.S.A. 1920 S. Mosbetg U.S.A. 1936 I. Harangi Hungary 1924 J. Delorge 1936 S. Suvio Finland 1924 H. Neilson Oenmark

There were 42 entries from 32 nations ; 28 participants from 28 nations There were 37 entries from 27 nations ; 26 participants from 26 nations

ι st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL 1st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL

Dreyer, G. South Africa Dreyer Boyce, W. Australia Boyce ^-Dreyer Boyce On pts. Porto, E. Philippines Porto J OH pts. Roller, L. Euxembourg Roller Dreyer Du Preez Breiby, I. Norway Breiby On pts. Du Preez, D. South Africa Du Preez On pts. Breiby Du Preez On pts. Kang, In Suk Korea Kang On pts. Rosano, A. Uruguay Rosano (The above had byes) \_ Herring Herrera, E. Argentine Herrera On pts. Rinkinen, Tauno Fi's/aWl McCullagh Dreyer Herrera \ On pts. McCullagh, M. Eire f On pis. McCullagh On pts. Loayza Veas, H. Chile Loayza Veas On pts. (The above had byes) Remie, J. Holland 1 Cooper Herring Cooper, R. Great Britain j On pts. Afifi, G. Egypt') Foran On pts. Wad Foran, P. Eire ] On pts. Raymond, G. India;a\ Wad On pts. Herring On pts. Wad, S. Oenmark•k] On pts. Bombart, E. Belgium} Herring Wad Herring, H. U.S.A.J Γ On pts. Boullosa, A. Uruguay\i Boullosa On pts. Argote Marquinez, A. Spain J On pts, Obeyesekere, A. Ceylon^l , Obeyesekere TORMA Turki, A. Pakistan j 1 On pts. On pts. Benedito Zumbano, R. ui'.?,. IDREYER Chychla Ί K.O. znd rd. Ehringer, N. Luxembourg f rd I Benedito On pis. Chychla, Z. Poland^, Chychla y Zumbano Wijngaard, F. Holland] f" On pts. Caulet, A. Caulet On pts. ι d'Ottavio Minatelli, M. Italy J On pts. J Hansen, G. Norway'] Hernadez On pts. • Smith Hernadez, P. France ^ 1 On pts. Cornejo Diaz, E. ChileZhile\ Smith K.O. 2nd rd. d'Ottavio On pts. Smith, W. U.Si.A.f On pts. d'Ottavio, A. ltaly\â'' Ottavio Smith Issabeg, G. Iran J On pts. Rahimiha, M. Lopez On pts. Torma Lopez, M. Argentinetine fJ On pts. Shacklady, M. Great Shacklady On pts. Vissers Christensen, C. Oenmark J K.O. yd rd. Haddad, E. Canada \ Haddad On pts. Diaz Cadabeda On pts. Nasir, E. Egypt f On pts. Cranston, R. Indiaiia\ Ί DiazOia Cadabeda > Haddad Diaz Cadabeda, A. Spain J On pts. Gray, E. Ceylon "1 Gray On pts. Torma Petrina, A. Chechoslovakia j disq. 1st rd. Hungary\ Torma disq. 2nd rd. Bene, G. Torma Vissers Torma, J. Chechoslovakia f On pts. Gutierrez Chacon, L. Peru Schmidiger On pts. Re/, stopped fight 2nd rd. Schmidiger, E. Switzerland} iv.0. Blackburn, G. Canada\ Blackburn Vissers Velez, M., Jr. Philippines J On pts. Barber, W. Australia \ Vissers On pts. Vissers, J. Belgium J On pts. Third place bout D'OTTAVIO bt. Du Preez on points Third place bout WAD w.o.. Smith withdrew

FINAL PLACINGS FINAL PLACINGS ι DREYER, G. South Africa ι TORMA, J. Chechoslovakia 2 VISSERS, J. Belgium 2 HERRING, H. U.S.A. 3 WAD, S. Oenmark 3 D'OTTAVIO, A. Italy

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD BOXING

MIDDLEWEIGHT LIGHT-HEAVYWEIGHT (Up to 73 kg. 160 lb. 15 oz.) (Up to 80 kg. 176 lb. 5 02. 14 dr.)

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners 1920 E. Eagan U.S.A. 1932 D. Carstens South Africa 1904 A. Mayer U.S. A. 1928 P. Toscan! Italy 1908 I. Douglas Great Britain 1932 G. Barth U.S.A. 1924 H. Mitchell Great Britain 1936 R. Michelot France 1920 H. Mallin Great Britain 1936 J. Despeaux France 1928 V. Avendano Argentine 1924 H. Mallin Great Britain

There were 33 entries from 24 nations ; 24 participants from 24 nations There were 34 entries from 25 nations ; 25 participants from 25 nations

ι st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL ι st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL Menabawi, M. ^gjpt Menabawi I Holmes Martinez, D. Uruguay Martinez 1 K.O. 2nd rd. Martinez Holmes, A. Australia Holmes On pts. Holmes Kolczynski, A. Poland Kolczynski On pts. Fontana Schwerzmann, H. Switzerland Schwerzmann ! O'Hagan Nuttall, J. India Nuttall On pts. [Fontana j On pts. O'Hagan, H. Eire O'Hagan Scott Γ On pts. Fontana, I. Italy Fontana On pts. Ossipoff, A. Iran Ossipoii Di Segni Papp Jones, W. U.S.A. Jones On pts. Cavignac On pts. Di Segni, G. Italy Di Segni J Disq. znd rd. Cavignac, A. Belgium Cavignac } Scott Scott, D. Gt. Britain Scott "1 Scott On pts. Welter, J. Luxembourg Welter .Papp Kef. stopped (The above had byes) I Papp K.O. 1st rd. Kapocsi, G. Hungary Kapocsi fight 2nd rd. Resko, V. Finland\ Papp Kef. stopped (The above had byes) Papp, L. Hungary f K.O. 2nd rd. fight 1st rd. Spieser, C. \ Spieser HUNTER Jensen, E. Denmark j On pts. Hunter On pts. Karlsson, T. ufaWOT"! Toussi On pts. Toussi, H. Iran f On pts. Edwards, R. Jamaica Ί Hunter McKeon PAPP > Hunter, G. South Africa J On pts. Hunter On pts. On pts. Keenan, J. Canada \ McKeon On pts. McKeon, M. Eire J On pts. Arteche Zurinaga, A. Spain\L'}r{os,te McKeon L'Hoste, V. Belgium f On pts. Siljander Hansen, M. Denmark \ Hansen On pts. ^ On pts. Johansen, E. Norway J K.O. \st rd. Michtits, O. yiorfna \ Siljander Escudie Siljander, H. Finland J On pts. Hunter On pts. Escudie. A. France \ Escudie f On pts. La Grange, K. S. Africa J On pts. Cia, G. M. Argentine Ί Cia ^ Wright Quentemeyer, H. Holland^ On pts. Cia Fahim, M. EgvpA Fahim On pts. Disq. yd rd. Oliver Frontera, J. Spain f Kef. stopped Suares, F. Unga^vlSuares Schubart fight znd rd. Rademacher, O. Chechoslovakia f On pts. On pts. Cia Prihoda, M. Chechoslovakia Ί Schubart On pts Schubart, J. Holland f On pts. Roude, J. France\ Quitcon Quitcon, I. Vuerto Rico j Kef. stopped Szymura Schneider, H. Swit^erland'X^Nιϊ^αχ. Wright fight \st rd. Kef. stopped On pts. Wright, J. Great Britain J On pts. Wright Szymura, F. Poland^ Szymura fight yd rd. • Kef. stopped Joachim, M. India f On pts. Higham, G. Garcia fight 2nd rd. Garcia, H. Argentine j On pts. Third place bout CIA bt. Holmes, ref. stopped fight 3rd round

Third place bout FONTANA w.o. McKeon withdrew

FINAL PLAGINGS

FINAL PL AGINGS ι HUNTER, G. South Africa ι PAPP, L. Hungary 2 SCOTT, D. Great Britain 2 WRIGHT, J. Great Britain 3 CIA, G. M. Argentine 3 FONTANA, I. Italy

IO

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library XIV OLYMPIAD CANOEING

HEAVYWEIGHT (Any weight) At Henley, the centre of British rowing, canoeing enjoyed the advantage of being Previous Olympic Winners brought before the wider public gathered there for that sport. The Canoeing Regatta occupied two days and on each there were races for two distinct classes of boat, 1904 S. Berger U.S.A. 1928 A. Jurdado Argentine 1908 A. Oitman Great Britain 1932 S. R. Lovell Argentine the Kayaks and the Canadian Canoes. 1920 Rawson Great Britain 1936 H. Runge Germany 1924 Ο. V. Porath Norway The Kayak, a Swedish development of the older English " Rob Roy Canoe," is founded on the hunting craft used by Eskimo fishermen. It is long, narrow and decked, and is propelled from a sitting position by a man wielding a double-bladed paddle. A rudder There were 28 entries from 18 nations ; 17 participants from 17 nations operated by the feet may be used if desired. The Canadian Canoe is an open craft, based on the birch bark canoe of the North- 1st ROUND 2nd ROUND 3rd ROUND SEMI-FINALS FINAL American Indian. The paddler kneels on one knee and using a single-bladed paddle he both propels and steers his craft. No rudder is permitted. This class has a very strong Faul, A. Canada Faul Faul On pts. Bignon Guzman, V. Chile Bignon Guzman following in the land of its origin and in several European countries, notably Czecho­ Nilsson On pts. slovakia, Austria and France. Nilsson, G. Sweden Nilsson I Nilsson Γ Pisq. 2nd rd. Most of the teams arrived in time for the Opening Ceremony and afterwards settled Djamshidabadi, M. Iran Djamshidabadi Nilsson On pts. down to serious practice over the course. Muniz, A. Uruguay Muniz I Muller j K.O. znd rd. Muller, H. Switzerland Muller Many of the competitors expressed their approval of the technical arrangements and Muller Ameisbichler, K. Austria Ameisbichler On pts. admiration for the beautiful setting provided by Henley and its surroundings. The warm Gardner K.O. znd rd. welcome given by the people of Henley and the villages around was much appreciated. Gardner, J. Gt. Britain Gardner } IGLESIAS K.O. znd rd. The provision of rest tents where competitors could relax was a happy innovation. Bacciiieri, U. Italy Bacciiieri I Bacciiieri J On pts. During the competitions, commentaries were received from some half-dozen stations O'Colmain, G. Eire O'Colmain L Iglesias along the course, and this enabled the longer races to be followed throughout. Rubio Fernandez, J. Spain Rubio Fernandez On pts. J On pts. Iglesias, A. R. Argentine Iglesias The canoeing programme contained nine events from the World Championship list, Iglesias and they had been selected to give a balanced representation. Thus, there were 1,000 Arthur, J. S. Africa Arthur Ί Arthur On pts. Kef. stopped metre and 10,000 metre races in kayaks and Canadian canoes for both Singles and Pairs, Galli, J. France Galli J fight \st rd. Arthur and one event for women, 500 metre Kayak Singles, the first time a women's event had Bothy, F. Belgium Bothy 1 On pts. (The above had byes) L Lambert been included. Lambert, E. U.S.A.' 1 Lambert J" On pts. Antonio dos Santos, V. Brazil^1 On pts. The 10,000 Metre Course Third place bout ARTHUR w.o. Muller withdrew The 10,000 metre events were all held on the first day ; the course used comprised four legs, two downstream and two upstream. The starting line and the finishing line were the same and the start was made downstream to Temple Island round which a left FINAL PL AGINGS hand turn was made, the turning arc being marked by buoys. It then continued upstream IGLESIAS, A. R. Argentine past the enclosures, through the bridge and round Rod Eyot before returning over the NILSSON, G. Sweden same course back to Temple Island. Then came the final straight of 2,000 metres to the ARTHUR, J. South Africa normal finishing line. Such a course provided the competitors with plenty of variety and the races could be watched not only from the enclosures, but also from the bridge, the tow path, and the roads skirting the bank above and below the bridge. When the 10,000 metre events were held in Berlin in 1936, they were along a straight course and each spectator saw but one short part of each race. In Scandinavia, it has now become the

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practice to hold these races over a triangular course with the craft in view all the time, When a canoe is paddled by one man, the drive of his paddle on one side has the effect very much as sailing races are held. of turning the bow away from the paddling side, and it is the skill involved in correcting this turning tendency, with the minimum loss of forward motion, that constitutes one of During the morning of the first day of competition, rain fell heavily and continuously, the most important factors in Single Canadian Canoe technique. and although it had cleared by the time racing was due to begin, it had discouraged many who would have attended. Sixteen nations had submitted entries for the kayak events, " Crooked " Canoes and this large number, combined with the narrow course, made it impossible to carry In this race certain teams used what came to be known as " crooked " canoes, from the out a collective start. Since the I.C.F. Rules forbid heats for the long races, the kayaks lateral curve put into all or part of the keel. The effect of this curve is to give the canoe had to be sent off at intervals of 30 seconds. This decision, although inevitable, was not a tendency to turn in one direction, and by curving the keel in the appropriate direction, popular, since it is impossible for a competitor to judge his position relative to the others, it can be made to neutralize the turning tendency caused by the paddling. Under these and he is forced to race to the clock, an extremely difficult technique. For similar reasons conditions, the canoe will run straight without the need for expenditure of effort in the method is unpopular with spectators, who, if they wish to follow progress, must make steering, by the paddler. Naturally, this gives a man in a " crooked " canoe an advantage regular checks of time and order. However, this spacing of craft made possible a closer over an opponent who must steer as well as drive, and protests were registered with the study of individual techniques. I.C.F. some days before the competition. These were rejected on the ground that this In the Kayak Singles and Pairs, the spectators soon realised that the Scandinavian form of construction did not violate the existing building rule, since a curved keel is not competitors were making good progress, and when the result of the Pairs was announced a rudder in the accepted sense of the word. It was agreed, however, that such a develop­ it was found that, not only had Sweden won as expected, with Akerlund and Wetterstrom ment was undesirable, and the rule was amended to forbid their use in future competitions. but all the first four places had gone to the Northern countries. The race was won byCapek of Czechoslovakia in one of these canoes. The removal of In the Singles, the Swedish champion, Gert Fredriksson, who had not competed in the the need for much steering had enabled him to develop a stroke of maximum power. pairs, took part. During the last few years he has gained an enviable reputation in kayak racing circles in Europe. His superb technique, confidence and physique were most The Second Day impressive, and he won his race by a comfortable margin. It was in this race that Wires The second day's programme was composed of the heats and finals of the short-distance of Finland collapsed after crossing the line and was gallantly assisted by Ditlevsen of events, 500 metre and 1,000 metre. The large entry for kayaks made it necessary to hold Denmark until help arrived. It was found afterwards that Wires had gained second eliminating races in the morning. Although in America and Britain women have never place and again the first four places went to Scandinavia, with Skabo (Norway) 3rd, and taken part in serious racing activity, in Denmark and a number of other countries the Ditlevsen 4th. sport is very popular. It was from some of these countries, led by Denmark, that there came a strong call for the inclusion of at least one event for women. The Organising The Canadian Events Committee and the International Olympic Committee agreed to this in substitution for As only some half-dozen countries had entered for the Canadian canoe events, it was the originally scheduled men's relay race. The admission of this one race proved fully possible to have normal mass starts, and this enabled spectators to see both the start and justified, for ten nations sent entries and a very high standard was achieved. finish of two first-class races. In the Pairs, the American crew, Lysak and Macknowski, Again the Canadian canoe entries were limited to the half-dozen nations who used this soon took the lead, and although Havel and Pecka of Czechoslovakia fought hard, and craft, and it was not necessary to arrange morning heats. In the Singles, Holecek of came in second, they never seriously challenged the leaders, who won by nearly two Czechoslovakia took first place, leading from Bennett of Canada by some ten seconds. minutes. It was therefore with some surprise and consternation that a report was received Obviously, the " crooked canoe " technique could have no value outside racing, for it from the Turning Point Control on Rod Eyot that the leading canoe had fouled one of could not lead to advancement in the technique of running rapids. the buoys marking the turn. The Umpire, in deciding against disqualification, presum­ The luck of the draw for Kayak Pairs placed three of the Scandinavian countries into ably took account of the fact that the buoy was struck by a paddle during recovery and one heat, but they all succeded in reaching the final, in which Berglund and Klingstrom not by the canoe, and that the incident had in no way affected the outcome of the race. of Sweden won from Hansen and Jensen of Denmark by a split second. The first five It had been a fine race, particularly interesting from the contrast in paddling styles dis­ kayaks crossed the line within three seconds. Toldi and Andrasi of Hungary were well played by the crews. placed, but were unfortunate in being disqualified for the technical fault of hanging The Canadian Singles, the last event of the day, proved a test of endurance. It was the in the wash of another kayak. This is forbidden by I.C.F. Rules, but over a short distance first time that this competition had been included in an international programme and some under conditions which permit only a minimum space between craft, it is possible to give had considered it to be too long and severe. the appearance of " hanging " when innocent of any such intent.

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INTERNATIONAL CANOE FEDERATION The Kayak Singles gave Fredriksson his second triumph, and he again demonstrated his amazing reserve of power and self assurance. In his heat in the morning he had allowed himself to lie fourth until within about 50 metres of the line when he increased President his stroke and took first place, a split second ahead of Akerfelt of Finland. In the final, he J. ASSCHIER Sweden repeated this by travelling with several others until near the finish and then spurting to Vice - Presidents cross about 6 seconds ahead of Andersen of Denmark, the winner of the other heat. Dr. K. POPEL Chechoslovakia J. W. DUDDERIDGE Great Britain Eberhardt of France, who gained third place, was a veteran of the 1936 Olympiad in which he won a Silver Medal in Singles. Honorary Secretary - Treasurer The Canadian Pairs was a hard-fought race in which the Czechoslovak crew, Brzak O. VERNER Sweden and Kudrna, beat the Americans by three-quarters of a length. The second Olympic Canoeing Regatta went off very smoothly and brought few sur­ prises. The results followed known form remarkably closely, and the outstanding figure was Gert Fredriksson. His country set the seal on its reputation for kayak racing by winning all four events for men. Similarly, the Czech team, with three gold medals in Canadian canoes, demonstrated that in Europe they are pre-eminent with the single blade.

10,000 METRES KAYAK SINGLES

Previous Olympic Winners

1936 E. Krebs Germany 46 m. ι·6 sec.

There were 27 entries from 16 nations ; 13 participants from 13 nations

m. s. ι FREDRIKSSON, G Sweden 50 477 2 WIRES, K. Finland. 51 18-2 5 SKABO, Ε Norway 51 35-4 4 Ditlevsen, Κ Denmark 31 54-2 5 Eberhardt, Η France 52 9-0 6 Bobeldijk, J Holland 52 i?'2 7 Sobieraj, C , Poland 52 i?"2 8 Cobiaux, A Belgium 55 23'5 9 Matocha, J Chechoslovakia 53 51'° 10 Klepp, H. Austria 55 I1'7 11 Bottlang, Ε Switzerland 55 3 37 12 Riedal, Ε U.S.A 56 34Ί 13 Lentz, M Luxembourg 59 S8'2

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HENLEY ON THAMES

Phyllis Court 10,000 Metres start. downstream. depart, à rau l'eau · sa!id a. rio abajo inc turn and 3rc /' tour et 3 e tour . I9 vuelta y 3* vuelta. zvclosvji 2nd tu toi vuelta. WOO Metres start .upstream depart, e salid a. r 500 Metre start, upstream, depart, e sahda. no arnba. Finish . Arrivée. Lteyada- XIV OLYMPIAD LONDON 1948 CANOEING COURSE

" SCALE Of P.EET — —SCALE OF METRES-

10,000 METRES KAYAK PAIRS

Previous Olympic Winners

1936 P. Wevers and L. Landen Germany 41 m. 45 sec. 10,000 METRES CANADIAN SINGLES

This event was included in the Olympic programme for the first time There were 47 entries from 15 nations ; 30 participants from 15 nations m. s. ι SWEDEN (Akerlund, G. and Wetterstrom, H.) ..46 9-4 2 NORWAY (Mathiesen, I. and Ostby, K.) 46 44-8 3 FINLAND (Axelsson, T. and Bjorklof, N.) 46 48-2 There were 9 entries from 6 nations ; 5 participants from 5 nations 4 De»/WiW-ié (Christensen, A. and Rasmussen, F.) 47 17-5 5 (Andrasi, G. and Uranyi, J.) 47 33·! ι CAPEK, F Chechoslovakia 62 y ζ 6 Holland (Koch, C. and Stroo, H.) 47 35-6 2 HAVENS, F. XJ.S.A 62 40-4 7 Chechoslovakia (Klima, L. and Lomecky, K.) 48 14-9 3 LANE, N.D. Canada 64 35-3 8 Belgium (Deprez, H. and Massy, J.) 48 25·! 4 Argentin, R France 66 44'2 9 Austria (Piemann, W. and Umgeher, A.) 48 24-5 5 Andersson, I Sweden 67 27-1 10 Poland (Jezewski, A. and Matloka, M.) 48 25-6 11 Switzerland (Frey, F. and Zimmerman, W.) 48 33-2 12 France (Fleche, R. and Graifen, M.) 50 ιο·ι 13 U.S.A. (Clark, R. and Eiseman, J.) 50 26-6 14 Canada (Covey, G. and Harper, H.) 53 4-2 15 Luxembourg (Fonck, R. and Nickels, J.) 53 4-60

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10,000 METRES CANADIAN PAIRS 1,000 METRES KAYAK PAIRS

Previous Olympic Winners Previous Olympic Winners

1956 V. Mottl and Z. Skrdlant Chechoslovakia 50 m. 33.5 sec. 1936 A. Kainz and A. Dorfner Austria 4m. 3-8 sec.

There were 18 entries from 7 nations ; 12 participants from 6 nations There were 52 entries from 16 nations ; 32 participants from 16 nations m. s. ι U.S.A. (Lysak, S. and Macknowski, S.) 55 55-4 2 CZECHOSLOVAKIA (Havel, V. and Pecka, J.) . 57 38-5 FIRST ROUND 3 FRANCE (Dransart, G. and Gandil, G.) 58 ο·8 The first four in each heat qualified for the Final 4 Austria (Molnar, K. and Salmhofer, V.) 58 59-3 HEAT ι HEAT 2 5 Canada (Oldershaw, B. and Stevenson, W.) 59 48-4 m. s. 6 Sweden (Johansson, G. and Wettersten, V.) 63 34-4 ι Finland (Axelsson, T. and Bjorklof, N.) 4 Ι6·7 1 Denmark, (Hansen, E. W. and Jensen, J. B.) 2 Hungary (Toldi, J. and Andrasi, G.) 4 i8'4 2 Norway (Mathiesen, I and Ostby, Κ ) 3 Chechoslovakia (Kroutil, O. and Pech, M.) 4 20-1 3 Holland (Grayesteyn C. and Pool, W.) 4 Canada (Covey, G. and Harper, H.) 4 34·2 4 Sweden (Berglund, H. and Klingstrom, L.) 5 Luxembourg (Fonck, R. and Nickels, J.) 4 41'7 5 Austria (Felinger, P. and Klepp, Η.) ττι· j. A Ν 6 Switzerland (Masciadri, B. and Reiner, F.) 445-9 6 (Van Den Berghen R. and Van de Vhet, Α., 7 Great Britain (Henderson, J. and Simmons, A.) .... 4 45-0 7 France (Donna, F. and Richez, R.) ' ^ 8 Poland (Jezewski, A. and Matloka, M.) 9 U.S.A. (Clark, R. and Eiseman, J.) (No times were taken)

1,000 METRES KAYAK SINGLES FINAL m. s. Previous Olympic Winners ι SWEDEN (Berglund, H. and Klingstrom, L.) .... 4 7-5 2 DENMARK (Hansen, E. W. and Jensen, J. B.) .. 4 7-5 1936 G. H. Hradetzky Austria 4 m. 22-9 sec. 3 FINLAND (Axelsson, T. and Bjorklof, N.) 4 87 4 -Norawv (Mathiesen, I. and Ostby, K.) 4 9·1 5 Chechoslovakia (Kroutil, O. and Pech, M.) 4 9*8 There were 27 entries from 16 nations ; 15 participants from 15 nations 6 Holland (Gravesteyn, C. and Pool, W.) 4 I5'8 7 Canada (Covey, G. and Harper, H.) 4 FIRST ROUND Hungary (Toldi, J. and Andrasi, G.) (Disqualified) Tie first four in each heat qualified for the Final HEAT ι HEAT 2 m. s. ni. s, ι Fredriksson, G Sweden 4 5i'9 1 Andersen, J Denmark 4 40-9 2 Akerfelt, H Finland. 452-0 2 Gulbrandsen, H Norway 4 45-4 3 Piemann, W Austria 4 52-2 3 Eberhardt, H France 4 45-5 1,000 METRES CANADIAN SINGLES 4 Vambera, L Chechoslovakia 4 52-8 4 Van der Kraft, W Holland 4 46-2 5 Boogaert, J Belgium 5 ο·ι 5 Sobieraj, C Poland 4 46-5 6 Straub, H Switzerland 5 5'5 6 Horton, Τ U.S.A 4 58-0 Previous Olympic Winners 7 Lentz, M Luxembourg 5 ιο·8 η Blaho, Κ Hungary 4 59*8 8 Dobson, Ν Great Britain 5 ο·ι 1936 F. Amyot Canada 5 m. 32-1 sec.

FINAL m. s. There were 11 entries from 7 nations ; 6 participants from 6 nations ι FREDRIKSSON, G Sweden 4 33-2 m. s. 2 ANDERSEN, J Denmark 4 3 9'9 ι HOLECEK, J. Chechoslovakia 5 42·0 3 EBERHARDT, H France 4 41-4 2 BENNETT, D Canada 5 55'5 4 Gulbrandsen, H Norway 4 41-7 3 BOUTIGNY, R. France 5 5 5 '9 5 Van der Kroft, W Holland 4 45'5 4 Andersson, I Sweden 6 8·ο 6 Akerfelt, H Finland 4 44'2 5 Havens, W U.S.A 6 14-3 7 Vambera, L Chechoslovakia 4 44-3 6 Maidment, Η Great Britain 6 37-o 8 Piemann, W Austria 4 50-3

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1,000 METRES CANADIAN PAIRS Of all the Olympic programme, it was the cycling events which produced the greatest Previous Olympic Winners number of surprise results, not a single one of the eventual champions having been 1936 R. V. Syrovatka and F. J. Brzak Chechoslovakia 4 m. 50-1 sec. expected to win his event. As always, most attention focused upon the sprint, one event which it had been confidently expected would be won be a rider on his home track and cheered on by his own supporters—Reg Harris, already world champion among the There were 21 entries from 8 nations ; 16 participants from 8 nations amateur sprinters. Yet it was M. Ghella, of Italy, who was the winner in two straight m. s. heats, both won by comfortable margins. ι CZECHOSLOVAKIA (Brzak, J. and Kudrna, B.) 5 7-1 2 U.S.A. (Lysak, S. and Macknowski, S.) 5 8-2 The sprint was due to be taken to the semi-final stage on the first afternoon of the 3 FRANCE (Dransart, G. and Gandil, G.) 5 15-2 cycling events, Saturday, August 7. Actually, only three of the semi-finalists were known 4 Canada (Bennett, D. and Poulton, H.) 5 20-7 at the end of the day's racing, owing to the protest against the result of the race in the 5 Austria (Salmhofer, V. and Molnar, K.) 5 37-3 6 Sweden (Johansson, G. and Wettersten, V.) 5 44-9 eighth-final between L. Rocca (Uruguay) and J. Hijzelendoorn (Holland). There had 7 Groe/(Symons,J. and Van Zwanenberg, H.) 5 50·8 been a crash, almost on the finishing line, when this heat was first run, as a result of which Belgium (Coomans, H. and Dubois, J.) (Retired, man overboard). the U.C.I. Controllers disqualified Rocca. A protest from Uruguay was, however, upheld by the Jury of Appeal, which decided that the race should be re-run on the following Monday. This protest caused a long delay in the racing on Saturday, already held up by the insistence of the U.C.I. Controllers on leaving the track after each round of the sprint to make the draw for the next succeeding round. The climax of this and the Uruguay appeal was that there was a period of 40 minutes during which no racing took 500 METRES KAYAK SINGLES (Women) place, a delay which the spectators bore with some impatience.

This event was included in the Olympic programme for the first time. On the other hand, the large crowd fully appreciated the new results board, specially installed for the Games, and the extra seating space provided by the new stand and the temporary stand along the back straight. At the start of the afternoon there had been

There were 13 entries from 10 nations ; 10 participants from 10 nations no real surprises in the first round of the sprint, nor in the repechage, but there was one shock in the eighth-finals (apart from the disputed heat) when J. Bellanger of France was FIRST ROUND eliminated by the Chilean rider, M. Masanes Gimeno. The eighth-finals were decided by a single race, subsequent stages being the best of three runs; and there was no repechage after The first four in each heat qualified for the Final the first round, so a half-wheel margin was sufficient to put Bellanger out of the competition. HEAT HEAT 2 m. s. m. s. ι Kostalova, R Chechoslovakia. .... 2 jyô ι Hoff, Κ Denmark 2 32-2 All three quarter-finals which were decided on the Saturday were settled in straight races, 2 Saimo, S Finland. 2 41-7 2 VandeAnker- and by convincing margins, Harris, for instance, beating Masanes Gimeno by a distance and 5 Van Marcke, ΛA. , Belgium 2 44-7 Doedans, A. G Holland 2 35-4 4 Vautrin, C France 2 45-2 3 Schwingl, F Austria 2 35-7 3 lengths; and Ghella disposing of E. Van de Velde (Belgium)by a distance and2lengths. 5 Richards, J Great Britain 3 ο·ι 4 Banfalvi, Κ Hungary 2 37-5 5 Apelgren, I... Sweden 2 38-5 The remaining quarter-final on the Monday, saw Rocca unable to cope with C. Bazzano (Australia), after winning his re-run against Hijzelendoorn. Bazzano, in turn, FINAL went down to Harris in one of the semi-finals, the other giving a foretaste of the power m. s. of Ghella's jump when he beat A. SchandorfF (Denmark), in one race by as much as six ι HOFF, Κ Denmark 2 31-9 lengths. 2 VAN DE ANKER- DOEDANS, A. G Holland 2 32-8 The power was immediately obvious in the first heat of the final, for at the 300-yard 3 SCHWINGL, F. Austria 2 32-9 mark, Ghella whipped down inside Harris and was away with a two-length lead, which 4 Banfalvi, Κ Hungary 2 33-8 5 Kostalova, R Chechoslovakia 2 38-2 he not merely held but increased round the final banking and down the straight, to win 6 Saimo, S Finland. 2 38-4 by 3 lengths. Nor was the result any different in the second leg, in which Ghella was in 7 Van Marcke, A Belgium 2 43^4 front. When Harris challenged, coming off the banking into the back straight, Ghella 8 Vautrin, C France 2 44-4

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fought him off, held the inside position into the final bend and was untroubled by Harris's Italians dropped inside on the first banking of the last lap and went away so fast that they renewed challenge in the home straight. Like all the quarter-finals, the semi-finals and could not be overhauled. In the deciding race the Italians were inside at the bell, but the final, the race for third place was decided in straight legs, SchandorflF beating Bazzano Harris and Bannister, determined to go all the way, jumped them very early in the final lap and were nearly 2 lengths up in the back straight. But the Italians were game and (as he had done in the first round). determined, and had just that extra kick left in the last few yards which enabled them to The other event to start on the Saturday afternoon was the team pursuit for which draw level and to win by inches in a desperate finish. Italy were the most popular fancy, but which was eventually won by a first-rate French team. Once again there were few surprises in the preliminary stages, apart from a win There was some criticism of the fact that the 1,000 metres time trial was not run off as by Uruguay over Holland. In the quarter-finals, competition was much keener, and Italy rapidly as possible. Instead of the minimum time between each separate trial, the event were inside 5 minutes for the distance in beating Belgium. The French team's time was was ' staggered ' to space out the tandem's concluding stages, with the result that the only half a second outside 5 minutes, with Great Britain about two seconds slower. later competitors had to contend with a rising wind which had not troubled the earlier Britain, as it turned out, were unlucky in being drawn against France in the semi-final, starters. However, for once, the favourite won : J. Dupont of France having a clear for the French team recorded the fastest time of the whole event, 4 mins. 54.4 sees, in second's margin over P. Nihant of Belgium, with T. Godwin, the British representative, beating them, while the British time was faster than that of Italy, who beat Uruguay in a further half second behind. G. Guerra, the Italian, who had shown promising form the other semi-final. The French team's time beat the track record by five seconds. in training, was too fast in the early stages of his ride. His time at 500 metres, 37.8 sees., was one-fifth of a second faster than Dupont, but his final placing was only ninth. But In the final Italy went away the faster and held a lead of about two lengths for the for the damp and humid weather conditions, it is likely that the times recorded in this first three laps. As in previous races, however, the French were riding strongly in the event would have been appreciably faster. later stages and drew ahead two laps from the end, despite dropping one of their team. In their desperate efforts to draw level, the Italians dropped not one, but two of their The Road Race team, and so were well beaten. Meanwhile Britain had gained third place by beating Uruguay in their fastest time, 4 mins. 5 5·^ sees., a time more than 3 seconds faster than The final Olympic cycling event was the road race which was held in Windsor Great the best Italian time. Park by gracious permission of H.M. King George VI. The race was over a course of about 120 miles in 17 laps. The course included no severe gradients, but was sufficiently undulating to provide a real test of stamina, and with bends, especially that at Blacknest Tandem Thrills Gate, which needed all the skill of the contestants at the speed at which the race was run. The tandem event, which began on the Monday evening and concluded on the Preparations had been made for a crowd which, it had been thought, might reach forty Wednesday, saw Harris in the final again, with A. Bannister as his partner ; and once again or fifty thousand, but this was, unfortunately, one of the wettest days of the whole Games, he succumbed to Italy, represented by F. Teruzzi and R. Perona. In this case, however, and it was surprising that there were as many as the 15,000 enthusiasts who, it was the final went to a deciding leg, which was ridden in gathering darkness, so long had the estimated, were on the circuit when the race was started by H.R.H. The Duke of Edin­ programme taken to complete. The early stages of the event caused no surprises, and burgh. it was obvious that the Italian riders would be dangerous when they recorded a time ofi 1.2 Although attempts had been made to improve the surface of the roads within the seconds for the last 200 metres in their quarter-final, this being the same time as Harris Park, the wet weather had nullified them and unfortunately, punctures were frequent, and Bannister had put up in the first round. In the semi-finals Harris and Bannister were several fancied riders being eliminated from the race. leading R. Faye and G. Dron (France) with 200 metres to go when they punctured, but wonderful control of the machine kept them upright, and they duly won the re-run The first competitor to break away decisively was N, Johansson (Sweden) during the by a wheel after an all-out effort by both pairs over the final lap. Teruzzi and Perona second lap, at the end of which he was a minute ahead of the field. G. Voorting and had an easier task, for they beat the Swiss pair, J. Roth and M. Aeberli, by six lengths. H. Faanhof (both of Holland) caught him on Breakheart Hill, the chief rise on the course, Nor were the latter pair a real match for the Frenchmen in the contest for third place. on lap 3. For the next four laps these three riders not merely held their place, but increased The final of the tandems saw, perhaps, the most thrilling racing of the cycling events, their lead over the rest of the field until at the end of lap 7 they were 4 minutes ahead of and it was all the more to be regretted, therefore, that the darkness made it so difficult the next group of riders. Then, however, Johansson punctured and lost nearly 3 minutes, to follow. The British pair won the first race, jumping into the lead with a lap to go and being caught by the second group on lap 9. It was on lap 12 that the eventual pattern of trying an all-out sprint from the start of the back straight, which, despite the Italian the race became quite clear, the leading pair being caught by a group of nine riders which challenge, carried them home with a length to spare, and with the fastest last 200 metres included all the eventual six placed competitors. Unlucky competitors at this stage of the of the whole event, 11.1 sees. In the second race, however, they were caught when the race were R, Rasmussen (Denmark), who punctured, R, Rouffeteau (France), who crashed

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at the pits while taking food, and Faanhof who sustained a puncture at Blacknest Gate. This left a leading group of eight with two laps to go.

G. Thomas (Great Britain), tried a breakaway on the penultimate lap, between Ascot and Blacknest Gates, and he was chased by L. Delathouwer (Belgium). The pair held a 15 second lead as they climbed Breakheart Hill and finished the lap. But with five miles still to go, the group were gaining fast, and as they caught the leaders, all the riders easied in readiness for the sprint which seemed certain to decide the race. J. Beyaert made his first real effort at Ascot gate, but, led by J. Hoobin, the group regained contact. The decisive moment was not, however, to be in the final sprint after all. A short distance before the top of Breakheart Hill, and with over half a mile still to go, Beyaert again sprinted into the lead and opened up a gap of at least eight lengths which was too much for any of his rivals, all of whom seemed more tired than the winner at the finish. Voorting won the sprint finish from the remainder of the leaders for second place, after being in the leading bunch ever since the third lap, and Belgian riders, L. Wouters and L. Delathouwer, finished third and fourth to gain the team title with the aid of E. Van Roosbroeck in twelfth place. Great Britain also had two riders among the leading group, R. Maitland and G. Thomas, and C. S. I. Scott came in sixteenth to gain the second team award. Hockey Preliminary Rounds—Great Britain v. Switzerland at the Guinness Sports Ground, Park Royal, Saturday, July 3 lit. The Swiss goalkeeper, Stuehlinger, saves a shot by TV. Griffiths, the British outside left {extreme right).

Hockey Preliminary Rounds—India v. Spain at the Polytechnic Sports Ground, Chiswick, Friday, August 6th. An attack on the Spanish goal by Grahanandan Singh.

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Hockey Preliminary Rounds -Holland v. Belgium at the Guinness Sports Ground, Park Royal, Saturday, July 315;. J. Kielbaye, Belgium, shoots for goal, but his shot is blocked.

Hockey Preliminary Rounds—India v. Argentine at the Guinness Sports Ground, Park Royal, Wednesday, August 4th. " Sticks everywhere.

Hockey Semi-Final—India v. Holland at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Monday, August 9th. An Indian forward falls in shooting at the Dutch goal.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Hockey Third Place Match—Pakistan v. Holland. An incident during an attack on the Dutch goal during the drawn match at Hockey Preliminary Rounds—India v. Argentine at the Guinness Sports Ground, Park Royal, Wednesday, August 4th. A the Empire Stadium, Wembley, on Thursday, August \2th. general view of the game, which India won by 9 goals to 1, during an Indian attack.

Hockey Semi-Final—India v. Holland at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Monday, August 9 th. A Dutch player falls intercepting an Hockey, Third Place Match Replay—Pakistan v. Holland at Lyons Sports Ground, Sudbury Hill, Friday, August 13///. Indian attack. M. Moghal, the Pakistan goalkeeper, saves during a Dutch attack.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Hockey Semi-final—Pakistan v. Great Britain at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Monday, August 9th. An attack by Pakistan is foiled by the British defence.

Hockey Final—India v. Great Britain at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Thursday, August \2th. Grahanandan Singh, the Indian centre-forward, runs through to score one of his team's goals. India won by 4 goals to nil.

Hockey Semi-Final—Pakistan v. Great Britain at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Monday, August 9th. An attack on the Pakistan goal by the British forwards.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Hockey Final—India v. Great Britain at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Thursday, August 12th. Above, D. L. S. Brodie, the British goalkeeper, saving from Grahanandan Singh. Below, India scoring her third goal.

Modern Pentathlon, Riding—Above, the starting-gate, with Gruenther (U.S.A.) awaiting his signal. Note the clock on which competitors and officials could see the number of seconds still to elapse before the next man's departure. Below, Gardin (Sweden), bronze medallist, clearing a jump in the country. He was placed sixth in the riding.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Modern Pentathlon, Riding—Above, Palant {France) tackles one of the obstacles. He finished fortieth in the Riding. Below, Bernabeu Prada {Spain) climbing the bank in front of one of the jumps. Note the arrow showing the course turning away to the right.

Modem Pentathlon, Riding—Lumsden {Great Britain) who was placed third in the riding, clearing a ditch and fence.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Modem Pentathlon Running-Moore {U.S.A.) finishing the Modern Pentathlon, Swimming-The start of one of the heats course in 15 mm. 7.5 sec. He was fourth m this contest. at the Aldershot Pool. Although each competitor was timed separately, and the results determined on these timings, they swam in groups of four.

Modern Pentathlon, Shooting—Grut {Sweden), placed fifth in this event on a count-out after five competitors had each scored 190 points.

Modern Pentathlon, Fencing—Moore (U.S.A.), nearer the camera, " fleches " but misses Grut {Sweden). Grut was equal first in the fencing placings, and Moore equal third. They finished first and second respectively in the entire competition.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library iff: 1

Modem Pentathlon, Riding—A general view of Tweseldown Racecourse, showing the type of country over which the event Modern Pentathlon, Shooting—The special range at Bisley, constructed for the Olympic Games, showing the covered was held. firing points and the pentathlon targets in position.

Modern Pentathlon, Fencing—The Army Gymnasium at Aldershot which was used for the fencing contests. Modern Pentathlon, Swimming—The Aldershot Council Swimming Pool which was the scene of the swimming contest.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library CYCLING

UNION CYCLISTE INTERNATIONALE OFFICERS ACHILLE JOINARD, President, France ALBAN COLLIGNON, President of Honour, Belgium LE JONKHEEN VAN DEN BERCH VAN HEEMSTEDE, Vice-President, Holland E. J. SOUTHCOTT, Vice-President, Great Britain CH. SENN, Vice-President, Switzerland SVEND HANSEN, Vice-President, Denmark CH. SMULDERS, Vice-President, Belgium ACHILLE LEGROS, Vice-President of Honour, France ALBERT VEROUGSTRAETE, Treasurer, Belgium RENE CHESAL, General Secretary, France The events were contested under the regulations of the Union Cycliste Internationale

OFFICIALS TIMEKEEPERS B. W. BEST H. CRYE L. F. DIXON Α. V. GORDON A. LUSTY R. T. MATTHEWS M. P. McCORMACK W. J. PETT R. TAYLOR J. T. WELLS CLERK-OF-THE-COURSE L. C. VANNER Modem Pentathlon—The Swedish competitors, Wehlin Modern Pentathlon, Shooting—One of the result boards (seventeenth), Grut {first) and Gardin (third) at the conclusion used to show the progress of the pentathlon competition, ASSISTANT CLERKS-OF-COURSE of the competition. Note the multiple electric timer used C. J. HALLERBACK J. H. WALLACE in the swimming, riding and cross-country running events ΛΤ A TÎ T"F R 'N Prince Bertil of Sweden congratulates the winner of the Modern Pentathlon, W. Grut (Sweden) on his victory. Grut's score of \6 points was C. F. LAWTON A. C. SMYTH an Olympic record for this event. COMPETITORS' STEWARDS C. T. KING T. A. MACDONALD F. K. MARSHALL M. G. SOUTHALL COMPETITORS' WHIPS S. V. HARRISON W. L. WILSON E. D. WINGRAVE RECORDERS T. M. BARLOW H. CROOKES Ε. N. CHIPPENDALE J. F. DITCHMAN ANNOUNCERS C. R. ST. QUINTIN T. A. MACDONALD ANNOUNCERS' STEWARD C. KING JUDGES' STEWARDS E. ANDERSON S. SCOTT J. SIBBIT TRACK CENTRE ENCLOSURE STEWARD LAP STEWARDS H. DENISON W. GRAY T. H. MARTIN INTERPRETERS A. GRANT F. J. SAUNDERS H. A. SMITH J. W. E. TERRY PRESS STEWARDS H. MAYES W. J. MILLS F. J. DEVEREUX P. BRYAN J. F. M'DERMOTT S. SELWYN G. PEARSON J. B. WADLEY LIAISON OFFICER ARENA MANAGER S. T. COZENS A. R. HAINE ASSISTANTS TO ARENA MANAGER H. E. MILES A. STUMP

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1,000 METRES SCRATCH EIGHTH-FINALS The winner of each heat qualified for the quarter-finals. Previous Olympic Winners HEAT ι HEAT 2* HEAT 2 1920 M. P. Peeters Holland 1928 R. Beaufrand France Ghella, M. (Italy) bt. Leon, J. (Venezuela) Hijzelendoorn, J. {Holland) bt. Roeca, Roeea, L. (Uruguay) bt. Hijzelendoorn, J. 1924 L. Michard France 1932 J. J. van Egmond Holland by four 1. 1 min. 597 sees., last 200 m., L. {Uruguay) {disq.). ζ mins. 9-8 sees., {Holland) by two 1. 1 min., 35-9 sees., 1936 T. Mer kens Germany ΐ2·ο sees. last 200 m., 13-1 sees.. Both riders fell. last 200 m., 13'5 sees.

HEAT 3 HEAT 4 HEAT 5 Masanes Gimeno, M. {Chile) bt. Bellanger, Sehandorff, A. {Denmark) bt. Welt, E. Van de Velde, E. (Belgium) bt. Paseiro J. {France) by inches. 3 mins., 4-5 sees., (Austria) easily. 1 min., 49-6 sees., last Rodriguez, R. (Cuba) by J wheel. 3 mins. last zoo m., 12-8 sees. 200 m., 12-5 sees. 46-5 sees., last 200 m., 13-0 sees.

There were 43 entries from 26 nations ; 23 participants from 23 nations HEAT 6 HEAT 7 HEAT 8 Heid, J. {U.S.A.) bt. Cortoni, C. (Argen­ Bazzano, C. (Australia) bt. Roth, J. Harris, R. (Great Britain) bt. Laeourse, R. tine) by an inch. 2 mins. 5-7 sees., last (Switzerland) by ij 1. 3 mins. 51-6 sees., (Canada) by one 1. 1 min. 317 sees., last 200 m., ΐ2·ο sees. last 200 m., 14-3 sees. zoo m., 15·! sees.

By a decision of the commissaires of the International Cycling Union, the distance of the race was reduced from 1,000 m. (1,093 yards) By a later decision of the commissaires, following a protest by Uruguay, the result of Heat 2 and the disqualification of Rocca, L., were to an exact two laps of the track, i.e., 920 m. annulled, and the race re-ridden two days later.

QUARTER-FINALS FIRST ROUND The winner of each heat qualified for the semi-finals. First Round winners qualified for eighth-finals, losers for the repechage heats. "A" HEAT HEAT a HEAT 3 HEAT ι HEAT 2 Rocca, L. (Uruguay) bt. Gonsalves, C. Van de Velde, E. {Belgium) bt. Wing. Roth, J. {Switzerland) bt. Masanes Gimeno, Ghella, M. (Italy) bt. Van de Velde, E. Ghella, M. bt. Van de Velde, E. by two 1. (Trinidad) by i-| 1. 3 m.i.s. 10-9 sec., last Howard (China) by a wheel. 2 mins. M. {Chile) by inches. 2 mins. 31-5 sees., (Belgium) by a distance. 1 min. 477 2 mins. 37-4 sees., last 200 m., ΐ2·6 secs, 200 m., 12-6 sees. 48-2 sees., last zoo m., 13-6 sees. last zoo m., ΐ3·ο sees. secs., last 200 m., 12-1 secs.

HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 "Β" Harris, R. {Great Britain) bt. Mullafiroze, Hijzelendoorn, J. {Holland) bt. Paseiro Cortoni, C. {Argentine) bt. Leon, J. HEAT ι HEAT 2 R. {India) by one 1. 2 mins. 17-0 sees., Rodriguez, R. {Cuba) by half 1. 1 min. (Venezuela) by two 1. 1 min. 58-0 sees., Sehandorff, A. (Denmark) bt. Heid, J. Sehandorff, A. bt. Heid, J. by two 1. last zoo m., 14-4 sees. 42'7 sees., last zoo m., i3'3 sees. last 200 m., 12-4 sees. (U.S.A.) by one 1. 1 min. 49 sees., last 2 mins. 14-8 sees., last 200 m., 12-4 sees. 200 m., 12 3 sees. HEAT 7 HEAT 8 HEAT 9 Sehandorff, A. {Denmark) bt. Bazzano, C. Bellanger, J. {France) bt. Lewis, L. F. Welt, E. {Austria) bt. Romero Quinones, " C " {Australia) by one 1. 1 min., 49'8 sees., {British Guiana) by two 1. 2 mins. R. {Mexico) by half 1. 3 mins. 13-9 sees., HEAT ι HEAT 2 last 200 m., 12·5 sees. 9-1 sees., last 200 m., 12-5 sees. last zoo m., 17-2 sees. Harris, R. {Great Britain) bt. Masanes Harris, R. bt. Masanes Gimeno, M. by Gimeno, M. {Chile) by a distance. 2 one 1. 2 mins. 13-0 sees., last 200 m., HEAT 10 HEAT 11 mins. 39-8 sees., last 200 m., 12-5 sees. 12-8 sees. Heid, J. (U.SA.) bt. Mulliek, N. Ghella, M. {Italy) bt. Laeourse, R. {Pakistan) by two 1. 1 min. 57-4 sees., {Canada) easily. 1 min. 54-4 sees., last "D " last 200 m., 13 ·ο sees. 200 m., 12-9 sees. HEAT ι HEAT 2 Bazzano, C. {Australia) bt. Rocca, L. Bazzano, C. bt. Rocca, L. by i^ 1. 2 mins. (Uruguay) by a wheel. 3 mins. 9-4 sees., 26-6 sees., last 200 m., 13-2 sees. last 200 m., 12-8 sees. REPECHAGE Winners qualified for the eighth-finals. SEMI-FINALS Wing of China, having broken a collar bone after finishing in his heat, was unable to start. The commissaires then decided to allow The winner of each semi-final qualified for the final ; the loser for the third place match. Kaloudis, M. {Greece), who had arrived too late to compete in the preliminary rounds, to take Wing's place in the repechage. "A" HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 HEAT I HEAT 2 Laeourse, R. [Canada) bt. Romero Quin- Paseiro Rodriguez, R. {Cuba) bt. Mulla- Bazzano, C. {Australia) bt. Mulliek, N. Ghella, M. {Italy) bt. Sehandorff, A. Ghella, M. bt. Sehandorff, A. by three 1. ones, R. {Mexico) by two 1. 1 rain. 48·! firoze, R. {India) by two 1. 3 mins. {Pakistan) by two 1. 2 mins. 3ΐ·ο sees., (Denmark) by f 1. 3 mins. 53 sees., last 1 min. 557 sees., last 200 m., 11-9 sees. sees., last 200 m., 13-7 sees. 15-3 sees., last 200 m., 14-5 sees. last 200 m., 14-1 sees. 200 m., 12 ·ι sees. (track record).

HEAT 4 HEAT 5 "B " Leon, J. {Venezuela) bt. Gonsalves, C. 1 Masanes Gimeno,M. {Chile) ; 2 Kaloudis, HEAT I HEAT 2 {Trinidad) by one 1. 2 mins. 4-7 sees., M. {Greece) ; 3 Lewis, L. {British Guiana). Harris, R. (Great Britain) bt. Bazzano, C. Harris, R. bt. Bazzano, C. by f 1. 2 mins. last 200 m., 12-6 sees. Won by two 1. 1 min. 55·} sees., last 200 {Australia) by one 1. 4 mins. 43-8 sees., 24-4 sees., last 200 m., 127 sees. m., 13-3 sees. last 200 m., 13-7 sees.

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1,000 METRES SCRATCH—continued. 1,000 METRES TIME TRIAL

FINAL Previous Olympic Winners HEAT 2 HEAT ι 1928 W. Falck-Hansen Denmark 1 m. 14-4 sec. GHELLA, M. (Jtaly) bt. Harris, R. GHELLA, M. bt. Harris, R. by ΐγ '1. 1932 E. Gray Australia ι m. ΐ3·ο see. {Great Britain) by three Is 4 mins. 1-2 4 mins. 13'4 sees., last 200 m., 12-0 sees. 1936 Van Vliet Holland 1 m. 12-0 sec. sees., last 200 m., 12-2 sees. World Record* : 1 m. 10 sec. F. Battesini (Italy) Milan, 1938 Olympic Record : 1 m. 12 sec. Van Vliet (Holland) Berlin, 1936

RACE FOR 3RD PLACE {*Tlje U.C.I, does not differentiate between amateur and professional records.) HEAT ι HEAT 2 This event was decided entirely on time, each competitor riding 1,000 metres on his own, against the watch, from a standing start. SCHANDORFF, A. {Denmark) bt. SCHANDORFF, A. bt. Bazzano, C. by Only one competitor from each nation could start. The order of riding was decided by the U.C.I. Commissaires. Bazzano, C. {Australia) by f 1. 2 mins. two 1. 2 mins. 26-0 sees., last 200 m., 10-4 sees., last 200 m., 12-9 sees. 12Ό sees.

FINAL PLACINGS

ι GHELLA, M. (Jtaly) There were 46 entries from 25 nations ; 21 participants from 21 nations. 2 HARRIS, R. {Great Britain)

3 SCHANDORFF, A. {Denmark) s. 4 Bazzano C. {Australia) ι DUPONT, J. Trance 13-5 2 NIHANT, P. Belgium 14-5 3 GODWIN, T. Great Britain.. 15-0 PLAN OF CYCLE TRACK LAYOUT 4 Fluckiger, H Switzerland .... 15-3 5 Schandorff, A. Denmark i5'5 6 Patterson, S Australia TEMPORARY STAND 157 7 Heid, J U.S.A 16-2 8 Freitag, W Austria Ι6·8

FINISH 9 Guerra, G Italy I7'i 4,000 METRES TEAM PURSUIT "B" 10 Kasslin, Ο Finland. 17-4 START 11 Tramutolo, C Uruguay START 4,000 METRES I7-5 2,000 METRES TEAM PURSUIT "A 12 Blankenauw, Τ Holland 177 TANDEM / 13 Sobrevila, J Argentine 17-9 14 Leon, J Vene^eula ι8·ι

15 Atkinson, L Canada 20·2 fGonsalves, C.. Trinidad 21*5 \ Paseiro Rodriguez, R Cuba 2Ι·3 18 Romero Quinones, R. Mexico 1 22-7 19 Noble, R India 1 22-9 20 Ali Wazir, A Pakistan χ 24-8 21 Lewis, L. F. British Guiana ι 25-0

START N. 4,000 METRES % TEAM PURSUIT "B"

FINISH START FINISH 1,000 METRES SPRINT 1,000 METRES SPRINT 4,000 METRES 1,000 METRES TIME TRIAL 1,000 METRES TIME TRIAL TEAM PURSUIT A" 2.000 METRES TANDEM

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2,000 METRES TANDEM FINAL

HEAT ι HEAT 2 Previous Olympic Winners HEAT 3 GREAT BRITAIN (Harris, R., Ban­ ITALY bt. Great Britain by two 1. ITALY bt. Great Britain by 6 inches. nister, A.) bt. Italy (Teruzzi, F., Perona 4 mins. 38-8 sees., last 200 m., ιι·5 sees. 3 mins. 55-1 sees., last 200 m., 11-6 sees. 1908 M. Schilles and A. Aufftay France 1928 Van Dyk and Leene Holland R.) by one 1. 3 mins. 56-6 sees., last ITALY won by 2 wins to I. 1920 H. E. Ryan and T. G. Lance Great Britain 1932 M. Perin and L. Chaillot France 200 m., 11 · ι sees. 1924 J. Cugnot and L. Choury France 1956 E. Ihbe and C. Lorenz Germany

RACE FOR 3RD PLACE

HEAT ι HEAT 2 FRANCE (Faye, R., Dron, G.) bt. FRANCE bt. Switzerland by one 1. There were 39 entries from 11 nations ; 20 participants from 10 nations Switzerland (Roth, J., Aeberli, M.) by 2 mins. 56-2 sees., last 200 m., 12-2 sees. one 1. 3 mins. 59-9 sees., last 200 m., FRANCE took 3rd place by 2 wins to o. 11-7 sees. FIRST ROUND FINAL PL AGINGS The heat winners qualified for the quarter-finals, the losers for the repechage. ι ITALY (Teruzzi, F., Perona, R.) HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 2 GREAT BRITAIN (Harris, R., Bannister, A.) Switzerland (Roth, J., Aeberli, M.) bt. Denmark (Andresen, H., Klamer, E.) bt. Italy (Teruzzi, F., Perona, R.) bt. Argen- Holland (Buchly, N., van Gelder, M.) Belgium (van Schill, L., de Pauw, R.)· tine (Giacche, O., Passi, M.) 4 mins. 3 FRANCE (Faye, R., Dron, G.) 4 mins. 24-6 sees., last 200 m., 12-0 sees. 4 mins., 53-6 sees., last 200 m., 11-7 sees. 58'4 sees., last 200 m., 13-3 sees. 4 Switzerland (Roth, J., Aeberli, M.) HEAT 4 HEAT 5 France (Paye, R., Dron, G.) bt. U.S.A. Great Britain (Harris, R., Bannister, A.) (Thomson, M., Stiller, Α.). 4 mins. bt. Austria (Nemetz, K., Welt, E.). 5 mins. 34-8 sees., last 200 m., 11-4 sees. 37-9 sees., last 200 m., 11-2 secs.

4,000 METRES TEAM PURSUIT REPECHAGE Previous Olympic Winners The heat winners and the second in heat one qualified for the quarter-finals 1908 Great Britain (1,809 m·) I928 Italy 3 m. 6-2 sec. HEAT ι HEAT 2 1920 Italy 3 m. 20 sec. 1932 Italy 4 m. 53 sec. ι Belgium (van Schill, L., de Pauw, R.) ; 1 U.S.A. (Thomson, M., Stiller, A.) ; 1924 Italy 3 m. 12 sec. 1936 France 4 m. 45 sec. 2 Holland (Buchly, N., van Gelder, 2 Austria (Nemetz, K., Welt, E.). 3 mins. Olympic Record : 4 m. 41-4 sec. France. Berlin, 1936 M.) ; 3 Argentine (Giacche, O., Passi, 34-5 sees., last 200 m., 117 sees. M.). 3 mins. 5 -6 sees., last 200 m., 13-2 sees.

There were 93 entries from 16 nations ; 60 participants from 13 nations QUARTER-FINALS The winners of each heat qualified for the semi-finals FIRST ROUND HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 Great Britain (Harris, R., Bannister, A.) France (Faye, R., Dron, G.) bt. Denmark Switzerland (Roth, J., Aeberli, M.) bt. HEAT ι HEAT 2 HEAT 3 U.S.A. (Thomson, M., Stiller, A.) by one bt. Holland (Buchly, N., van Gelder, (Andresen, H., Klamer, E.) by ij 1. Great Britain (Geldard, R., Godwin, T., France (Coste, C, Blusson, S., Decanali Switzerland, (Bûcher, W., Gerosa, G., M.) by ij 1. 7 mins. 57-8 sees., last 200 5 mins. 26-3 sees., last 200 m., 11-9 sees. 1. 3 mins. 58-5 sees., last 200 m., 12Ό Ricketts, D., Waters, W.). 3 mins. F., Adam, P.), 3 mins. 3 -6 sees., bt. Austria Kamber, E., Pfenninger, H.), 5 mins. m.,ii'6 sees. sees. 12-7 sees., bt. Canada (Atkinson, L., (Freitag, W., Goldschmid, FL, Pohnetal, 13-8 sees., bt. Argentine (Guerrero, R., Hamilton, W., Pugh, L., Tessier, L.), J., Schiebel, H.), 3 mins. ι8·8 sees. HEAT 4 Alba, J., Aimar, Α., Molina, E.), 3 mins. 5 mins. 38-2 sees. ι 7'i sees. Italy (Teruzzi, F., Perona, R.) bt. Belgium (van Schill, L., de Pauw, R.) by a distance. LAP TIMES—First lap time for J lap only, 4,000 m. being SJ laps. 4 mins. 35-6 sees., last 200 m., 11-2 sees. Great Britain Canada France Austria Switzerland Argentine m. s. m. s. m. s. m. s. m. s. m. s. 29-1 29*0 28 '2 29-6 2 27-1 ι ι·ο 9'4 I 2-4 I I *2 I 2-6 ι 4-6 ι 7-3 SEMI-FINALS ι 34-4 I 38-6 ι 34-1 ι 38-0 ι 38-0 1 54"° ι6·6 2 9·! The winners of each semi-final qualified for the final ; the losers for the third place match 2 9-2 2 2 13-6 2 14-0 2 10-3 2 45-4 2 34-6 2 41-4 2 43-6 2 50-2 2 47-0 3 21*2 3 33-8 3 16-2 3 27-0 3 28-2 3 24'i • HEAT ι HEAT 2 8 1 3 5 · 4 13*2 3 5ΐ·4 4 4-2 4 3-8 4 1 '4 53·2 Great Britain (Harris, R., Bannister, A.) Italy (Teruzzi, F., Perona, R.) bt. Switzer­ 4 35*2 4 4 27-4 4 41-6 4 3s'4 4 39'3 bt. France (Faye, R., Dron, G.) by one 1. land (Roth, J., Aeberli, M.) by 6 1. 5 I27 5 38-2 3 3-6 3 ι8·8 5 IS"» 3 17-1 6 mins. 6'4 sees., last 200 m., 11-4 sees. 4 mins. 36-9 sees., last 200 m., 11-5 sees.

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HEAT 4 HEAT 5 HEAT 6 SEMI-FINALS Italy (Benfenati, Α., Bemardi, G., Citterio, Uruguay (Francois, Α., de Armas, J., Belgium (De Beukelaere, J., Blomme, M., A „ Pucci, R.), 5 mins. ιο·2 secs., bt. India De los Santos, L., Bernatsky, W.), 5 mins, Van Brabant, G., Glorieux, R.), 5 mins. HEAT ι HEAT 2 5-5 sees., bt. U.S.A. (Stiller, Α., Monte- (Havewalla Α., Amin, J., Noble, R., 8-6 sees., bt. Holland (Voorting, G. France, 4 min., 54-4 sees., bt. Great Italy, 5 min. 0*5 sees., bt. Uruguay, Harmans, J., Blankenauw, T., Faanhof, mage, T. Smith, T. R., Heid, J.), 5 mins. Satkari, P.), 6 mins. 0-5 sec. Britain, 4 min. 59-1 sees. 5 min. 6-3 sees. H.), 5 mins. 14-7 sees. 22-5 sees. (Heid, J. was a non-starter.) France Great Britain Italy Uruguay India Italy Holland Uruguay U.S.A. Belgium m. s. m. s. m. s. m. s. 28 '2 26-8 26-0 m. s. m. s. m. s. m. s. m. s. VI. s. 27-4 I 0-4 56-6 30-2 27-1 28-4 27-3 28*0 28 '2 57-2 59-4 ι 32Ό I 3Ι·2 ι 30-2 33-2 ι 5-8 59-2 ι ι·4 I o-i I I *2 1 4-0 ι 2 5-1 2 Ι4Ό 2 4-4 2 5-8 43-6 ι 36-2 33-3 I 36-9 ι 34-2 ι ι 33-4 ι 2 37-4 2 8-4 2 I2'2 2 9-1 2 13-8 2 9-1 2 38-6 2 38-4 2 40-4 2 24-4 3 ιι·7 3 I2-0 3 14-4 3 TS'2 3 6·ο 2 44-2 2 49-2 2 44-4 2 50-6 2 43-2 3 49·° 3 46-6 3 21 Ό 3 26 *2 3 20 *1 3 29Ό 3 18-2 3 45-6 3 47-2 3 51-2 4 20-4 4 22'0 4 24-0 4 27·2 4 33·^ 3 57-1 4 2-6 3 56-1 4 7-6 3 54'4 5 ο·5 5 17-4 4 33-3 4 38·3 4 51-4 4 46-8 4 31'0 4 54'4 4 59-1 5 6-3 6 0-3 5 10-2 5 14-7 5 8-6 5 "'S 5 5-5

HEAT 7 HEAT 8 Denmark (Joïgensen, M., Gissel, B., Finland (Kasslin, O., Kuusinen, P., FINAL Mortensen, B., Schnoor, B.), 5 mins. Koskinen, E., Hogstrom, T.), walked 4-1 sees., bt. Australia (Patterson, S. over, 5 mins, 17-4 sees. FRANCE, 4 min. 57-8 sees., bt. ITALY, 5 min. 36-7 sees. Nestor, E., Hoobin, J., Moekridge, E.), 5 mins. 6-5 sees. FRANCE ITALY X. m. s. Australia Denmark Finland 27·9 26*4 m. s. m. s. m. s. Ι Ο·4 58-0 27-6 29 Ί 29-3 Ι 317 Ι 3ΐ·Ο I 2-0 ι 2-4 ι 3-4 2 5 *2 2 5*2 ι 36-6 ι 35-1 ι 38-0 2 39*O 2 39-8 2 12*0 2 ΙΟΊ 2 14-1 3 13-6 3 14-8 2 46-2 2 44-4 2 50-3 3 48-6 3 49-8 3 21-5 3 19-2 3 27-2 4 23-0 4 25·6 6 3 56'5 3 54·ι 4 4-i 4 57-8 5 3 ·7 4 S1'? 4 28-3 4 41-2 ; 6-5 5 4-i 5 I7-4 NOTE.—As Finland had a rideover, it was ruled that her time must beat that of the fastest loser to qualify for Quarter-finals. However, fastest loser was Australia, with 5 m. 6-5 sees., against Finland's 5 m. 17-4 sees. The former, therefore, passed into Quarter-final. RACE FOR 3rd PLACE QUARTER-FINALS GREAT BRITAIN, 4 min. 55-8 sees. bt. URUGUAY, 5 min. 4-4 sees. GREAT BRITAIN URUGUAY HEAT A HEAT Β m. s. )W. France, 5 mins. 0-5 sees., bt. Switzerland. Great Britain, 5 min. 2-9 sees., bt. 27'3 27-0 i. 9-2 sees. Denmark, 5 min. 5 -6 sees. I 0*2 59-4 I 1 31-4 Gmtf Britain Denmark 33-4 France Switzerland 2 7-6 2 6-6 m. s. m. s. m. J·. m. j. 2 40-6 2 40-8 29-0 27-4 26-9 29-1 î 14-7 3 15-8 ι 1-6 I 1-2 59-5 I 2-2 3' 47-4 3 50-8 ι 35-6 I 35·ι I 33-7 I 35-3 4 22-0 4 27'4 2 9'2 2 11 "4 2 8-9 2 lo-o 4 55-8 5 4-4 2 43-1 2 46-4 2 43-2 2 45-i 3 17-4 3 21-4 3 187 3 19-4 3 51'2 3 56-4 3 53-8 3 56-2 4 26-1 4 32Ό 4 28-0 4 31-1 5 ο·5 5 9-2 5 2-9 5 5-6 FINAL PLAGINGS HEAT C HEAT D 1 FRANCE 4 min. 59-0 sees., bt. Belgium, Uruguay, 5 min. 3-5 sees.., bt. Australia, . 5-7 sees. 5 min. 7-7 sees. 2 ITALY Italy Be Igium Ur uguay Australia 3 GREAT BRITAIN m. s. m. s. m. s. m. J·. 26-9 29-3 27-4 27-5 4 Uruguay 59-0 I 0-2 I 0*0 I ο·8 1 31-9 I 34·ο I 32-4 I 35·° 2 6-2 2 8-1 2 7-0 2 97 2 40-5 2 42-3 2 43-1 2 44'9 3 15-1 3 17-3 3 ι8·ι 3 21-7 3 49'8 3 53-3 3 54-2 3 57'3 4 24'8 4 29-1 4 29-4 4 32-4 4 59·° 5 5 "7 5 3-5 5 1Ί

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OFFICIALS FOR CYCLE ROAD RACE LEFT FORK: Communications L. A. Buttrey, H. D. Hawkins. Marshal RACE CONTROLLERS E. Witcomb. WORKSHOPS CROSS ROADS K. J. Hill. CHIEF ROYAL SCHOOLS CROSSING . (1) H. Deighton. (2) V. Slemen. C. SENN, Switzerland A. RODONI, Italy A. STANDAERT, WHITE FIELD GATE : Communications A. Smythe, E. Millet. ASSISTANT Marshal E. A. Taylor.

L. DOREAU, France H. ANDERSEN, Denmark PRINCE CONSORT'S GATE : Communications D. Lyons, A. E. Houghton. Marshal C. R. Uren. CHIEF JUDGE No. 2 Pits A. L. Pullen.

M. DUPIN, France ASCOT GATE : Communications J. Covill, F. S. Needle. Marshal H. Crookes. ASSISTANT JUDGES L. BERTOULINO, Italy M. HORISBERGER, Switzerland W. STAMPFLI, Switzerland SUNNINGHILL FORK ... C. Lawton, H. Clapham. F. VASSEROT, France BLACKNEST GATE : Communications F. H. Robinson, K. H. Mosedale, F. A. Selwood. Marshals J. C. Beauchamp, R. Allen. PIT CONTROLLERS HIGH BRIDGE M. Leventhal. Pit No. ι : J. STOHL, Holland Pit No. 2 : G. STINCHELLI, Italy KING'S LAWN D. Sweetland. Feeding : M. HORISBERGER, Switzerland BREAKHEART HILL : SMITH'S LAWN : Communications C. G. Bowtle, F. Lloyd. Controller in Chief Α. V. Jenner. Marshal M. G. Southall. Secretariat S. R. Forrest, A. R. Haine, Κ. S. Forrest, Ε. R. Spencer. Announcer S. Newport. Control Koom ... J. C. Clague, A. C. Quayle, L. C. Vanner, Ε. Anderson, W. H. Townsend, Announcer's Clerk N. Wells. Η. K. Evans, C. Cripps, F. H. Sore, S. Votier, S. Davies, D. Crease, Ε. K. Brunert (Interpreter). Announcers T. Macdonald, C. Wharrad. Announcers' Clerk R. Naris. EXTRACTS FROM THE REGULATIONS FOR THE CYCLE ROAD RACE Commissaires' Stewards Η. E. Miles, J. Dupin. Competitors' Stewards .. R. Flament, J. W. E. Terry. The race was held under the Regulations of the Union Cycliste Internationale L. F. Dixon, J. T. Wells, A. Gordon. Timekeepers' Recorders Ε. N. Chippendale, R. H. Grimsell. The distance was 17 laps of the Windsor circuit of 7 miles 202 yards (approximately 11J kilometres), the total distance Historical Recorders ... J. F. Ditchman, T. M. Barlow. being 120 miles 1,674 yards (approximately 195 kilometres). No. ι Pits and Feeding Station G. H. Fleming, C. King. The circuit was closed from 10.30 a.m. to all traffic other than the riders and the motors under the control of the Race No. ι Pits Communications L. S. Reader, H. Bishop. Controllers. Interpreters A. Grant, F. J. W. Saunders, H. Smith. The race was both an individual event and a team race. In the team race each nation could enter a team of six riders of Scoreboard Operator W. F. Burl. whom not more than four riders could take part in the event. The individual placings were determined by the order of Enclosure H. F. Ryan. Officials' finishing as returned by the Judges appointed by the U.C.I. The team placings were determined by the addition of the times Competitors' Dressing Tent F. Wingrave. of the first three riders in each team. No team could be placed if less than three of its riders finished. If two teams were Circuit Crossing Control W. H. Gray, R. N. Miller. Appointed by the N.C.U. Press Committee. equal on time the placings of these teams were determined by totalling the placings of the team members in the individual Press S tewards... order of finish. CUMBERLAND GATE A. Mulberry. The Race Controllers were appointed by the Union Cycliste Internationale, and the complete control of the race was in their hands. They were empowered to exclude from the race any rider not qualified to compete or who, in their opinion, CUMBERLAND LODGE TURNING (1) F. Robertson. (2) K. Loder. constituted a danger to other riders. They could also disqualify any rider for a breach of the Regulations of the U.C.I, or of the special regulations for the race. CHAPEL LODGE CROSS ROADS : Bicycles had to be fitted with two brakes in good order and carried the same number as that worn by the rider. R. T. Matthews, A. E. Dimmock. Communications The order of positions at the start was determined by lot. One rider from each team took up position in the order of Marshal A. R. Drowley. the draw, then a second rider from each team in the same order, and similarly for the third and finally the fourth riders. LIME GROVE CROSSING CONTROL.. G. Shurman. Riders could exchange between themselves, food, drink, tyres and pumps and small tools such as spanners, but not bicycles, wheels or other parts of the bicycle. They could be handed articles only at the two official stations marked on the plan of the SPRING HILL BRIDGE...... G. W. Hunton. course (see page 332). A rider had to carry out all replacements and adjustments himself, except at the official stations. Members of the public were forbidden to assist riders in any way whatsoever, LONG WALK: A rider could be supplied with a spare wheel or bicycle only if the damaged wheel or bicycle was considered unusable by Communications J. Davis, H. Crye. the Station Controller. Marshal Β. E. Foster. Circuit Crossing Contra C. Spencer. Food and drink could be handed up to riders only at the Official Station near Cumberland Gate after the completion of Announcer L. E. Kent. the eighth and fourteenth laps. Food and drink could not be picked up on any other lap or at any other point on the circuit. Announcer's Clerk L. E. Ames. Riders who were lapped could be directed to withdraw from the race by the Controllers.

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CYCLE ROAD RACE

Previous Olympic Winners (Individual) WINDSOR 3 CASTLE 1896 Constantides (87 km.) Greece 1924 A. Blanchonnet France 1896 Schmal (315 km.) Austria 1928 H. Hansen Denmark 1912 R. Lewis S. Africa 1932 A. Pavesi Italy 1920 Ε. H. Stenquist Sweden 1936 R. Charpentier France ι ι ι rm ÇCeam Kace) 1912 Sweden 1928 Denmark

3 KM lj The Long Walk 1920 France 1932 Italy 1924 France 1936 France

)'p GEORGE III STATUE Spring Hill 2 KM Tinibcrbridgc! LI Hill2 OC 5 There were 141 entries from 31 nations ; 101 participants from 29 nations. ^^^^Bishop's Gate WINDSOR Bar Chapel Lodge Cross Roads

ROYAL , LODGE ' KM INDIVIDUAL RESULTS h Dark Wood h. m. s. h. m. s. ι BEYAERT, J France .... . 5 18 12-6 15 Brun, J Switzerland 5 26 54·ο y Whitefield Gate 2 VOORTING, G Holland . 5 18 16-2 16 Scott, G. S. I Great Britain 5 26 57*2 3 MILE 3 WOUTERS, L Belgium . 5 18 16-2 17 Dupont, J. France 5 28 21-8 No. 1 PIT Cumberland Gate 4 Delathouwer, L . 5 i8 i6-z 18 Snell, H Sweden 5 28 22-2 5 Johansson, Ν Sweden 5 18 16-2 19 Fanti, F Italy 5 29 35-2 START & F1MSII 6 Maitiand, R Great Britain 5 18 Ι6·2 20 Isotti, L Italy 5 31 08-6 7 Hoobin, J Australia 5 18 Ι8·2 21 Perone, C Argentine 5 33 To ASCOT No. 2 PIT 8 Thomas, G Great Britain 5 18 ι8·2 22 Benvenuti, D Argentine 5 33 15-4 9 Ferrari, A Italy 5 21 45-0 23 Sevillano, M Argentine 5 33 iy^ REFERENCE PRINCE CONSORT S 10 Pedroni, S Italy 5 21 45-0 24 Olivestedt, A Sweden 5 33 48-2 •). Prince Consort's Gate 250 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL Ascot 11 Moineau, A France 5 21 45-0 25 Reiser, W Switzerland 5 34 25 ·2 Gate. ROAD COURSE 12 Van Roosbroeck, Ε Vtelgium 5 21 45 ·ο 26 Mockridge, Ε Australia 5 39 54-6 MAIN ROADS 13 Schenk, J Switzerland 5 21 45 ·ο 27 Pedersen, Κ Denmark 5 39 57-2 ONE LAP 14 Valenta, R Austria 5 24 48Ό 28 Andersen, K. Denmark 5 39 57-2 Breakheart 7 MILES, '20,2 YARDS Johnson's .Pond' 111450;,KILOMETRES

17 LA,'PS DID NOT FINISH 8.KM. Sunninghill Mill *10 KM. 1201 MILES, 914 YARDS 194-633 KILOMETRES Mathieu, M. {Argentine) ; Caves, K. and Nestor, E. {Australia) ; Goldschmid, H., Huber, S. and Pohnetal, J. {Austria ) AVERAGE WIDTH OF Lerno, L. {Belgium) ; Lewis, L. F. (Br. Guiana) ; Atkinson, L., Jodoin, F., Pugh, L. and Tessier, L. {Canada) ; Iturrate 'ROAD COURSE 16 FEET Azocar, R., Masanes Gimeno, M., Ramirez Valero, E. and Salcedo Munoz, R. {Chile) ; Nielsen, B. S. and Rasmussen, R. —DIRECTION OF COURSE {Denmark) ; Backman, P., Hogstrom, T. and Koskinen, E. {Finland) ; Rouffeteau, R. {France) ; Clements, E. {Gt. Britain)·, A DISTANCE IN KILOMETRES Blacknest GateVZ^,*™·' Kaloudis, M., Kouvelis, E. and Leonidis, P. {Greece) ; Faanhof, H., Grift, E. and Peters, P. {Holland) ; Havaldar, M., Mehrah, R., Mistry, E. and Pavri, H. {India) ; Hwang, San Ung and Kwon, Ik Hyun {Korea) ; Bintz, R., Ernzer, M., Kellen, H. and To SIJNN1NGDALE To VIRGINIA WATER Scheer, P. {Luxembourg) ; Herrera Briones, P., Rodriguez Ledezma, F., Rodriguez Rodea, G. and Solis Archundia, M. {Mexico) ; Carter, T. {New Zealand) ; Christiansen, L., Flengsrud, L., Kristiansen, E. and Myhrvold, A. {Norway) ; Ali, W. PLAN OF THE OLYMPIC ROAD COURSE, {Pakistan) ; Llerena Valderrama, H., Mathey Hoke, P. and Poggi Cebrero, L. {Peru) ; Binneman, D., Estman, G. and Rivers, W. (X Africa) ; Vanlund, O. {Sweden) ; Rossi, G. {Switzerland) ; Cetiner, Α., Osmali, M., Suda, O. and Tuncalp, A. WINDSOR GREAT PARK {Turkey) ; Brilando, F., Lynch, E., Nelsen, A. and Rollins, W. {U.S.A.) ; Bernatsky, W., De Marco, E., Figueredo, M. and Lopez, L. {Uruguay) ; Poredski, M., Prosenik, Α., Strain, A. and Zoric, A. (Yugoslavia).

333

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL CYCLING

INTERMEDIATE LAP LEADERS AND TIME Lap ι si znd yd Time l.ap ist znd yd Time h. m. .f. h. m. s. ι Faanhof Johansson Suda 18 22 9 Faanhof Voorting Delathouwer 2 45 15 2 Johansson — — 36 56 10 Voorting Faanhof — 3 4 51 3 Faanhof Johansson Voorting 56 II Beyaert — 59 3 23 45 4 Voorting Faanhof Johansson I 13 41 12 Thomas _ 3 42 44 5 Voorting Faanhof Johansson I 31 16 13 Faanhof Voorting Delathouwer 4 ι 14 6 Faanhof Poggi Cebrero Voorting I 49 26 14 Thomas Rouffeteau Wouters 4 20 11 7 Voorting Johansson Faanhof 2 7 43 15 Beyaert Maitland Wouters 4 39 32 8 Faanhof Voorting Johansson 2 26 22 16 Delathouwer Thomas Johansson 4 58 58

TEAM RESULTS χ BELGIUM (L. Wouters, 3rd, L. Delathouwer, 4th, and E. Van Roosbroeck, 12th). 15 h. 58 m. 17-4 s. 2 GREAT BRITAIN (R. Maitland, 6th, G. Thomas, 8th, and C. S. I. Scott, 16th). 16 h. 3 m. 31-6 s. 3 FRANCE (J. Beyaert, ist, A. Moineau, nth and J. Dupont, 17th). 16 h. 8 m. 19 4 s. 4 i/a/y (A. Ferrari, 9th, S. Pedroni, 10th, and F. Fanti, 19th). 16 h. 13 m. 5 -z s. 5 Sweden (N. Johansson, 5th, H. Snell, i8th,and A. Olivestedt, 24th). 16 h. 20 m. 26-6 s. 6 Switzerland (J. Schenk, 13th, J. Brun, 15th, and W. Reiser, 25th). 16 h. 23 m. 4-2 s. 7 Argentine (C. Perone, 21st, D. Benvenuti, 22nd, and M. Sevillano, 23rd). 16 h. 39 m. 46-2 s.

335

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library