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FLUIDSEAL AB INC. 17309-107 Avenue Edmonton, AB T5S 1E5 Phone: 780-414-1871 Toll Free: 1-888-414-1871 Fax: 780-487-5419 e-mail: [email protected] FLUIDSEAL AB (CALGARY) INC. Bay 6, 3815 61 Avenue, SE Calgary, AB T2C 1V5 Phone: 403-279-1871 Toll Free: 1-888-414-1871 Fax: 403-279-1821 e-mail: [email protected] FLUIDSEAL INC. 13680 Bridgeport Road, Unit 5 Richmond, BC V6V 1V3 Phone: 604-278-6808 Fax: 604-278-6180 e-mail: [email protected] aerospace climate control electromechanical Parker O-Ring filtration fluid & gas handling Reference Guide hydraulics pneumatics Excerpts from ORD 5700 and ORD 5712 process control sealing & shielding ENGINEERING YOUR SUCCESS. Parker O-Ring Handbook Table of content 2.0 Elastomers ..................................2 4.7.2 O-Ring Glands for Industrial Static Seals Design Chart 4-2 ........................10 2.1 Introduction to Elastomers......................2 Face Seal Glands 2.1.1 Polymer ................................2 Design Chart 4-3 ........................11 2.1.2 Rubber .................................3 2.1.3 Elastomer . 3 5.31.2 O-Ring Glands for Industrial 2.1.4 Compound ..............................3 Reciprocating Seals ........................12 2.2 Basic Elastomers for O-Ring Seals ...............3 7.0 Compatibility Tables for Gases, Fluids, Solids .....14 2.2.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene (NBR) ..............3 8-3 Military Rubber Specifications .................70 2.2.2 Carboxylated Nitrile (XNBR) ...............4 Table 8-4 AMS and NAS Rubber Specifications ..71 2.2.3 Ethylene Acrylate (AEM, Vamac®) ...........4 Table 8-5 Compound Selections 2.2.4 Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR, EPDM) .....4 for Commonly Used SAE 2.2.5 Butyl Rubber (IIR) ........................4 and ASTM Specifications............72 2.2.6 Chloroprene Rubber (CR) ..................5 2.2.7 Fluorocarbon (FKM, FPM) .................5 Parker Series 2-XXX O-Ring Sizes.................74 2.2.8 Fluorosilicone (FVMQ) ....................5 Parker Series 3-XXX O-Ring Sizes.................83 2.2.9 Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR)...............5 2.2.10 Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM)................6 Parker O-Ring Compound Numbering Systems .......84 2.2.11 Polyacrylate (ACM) ......................6 Material Offering ...............................85 2.2.12 Polyurethane (AU, EU) ...................6 2.2.13 Silicone Rubber (Q, MQ, VMQ, PVMQ) .....6 2.2.14 Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene (AFLAS®) (FEPM)..........................6 2.3 Compound Selection and Numbering Systems ......7 2.3.1 Selection of Base Polymer ..................7 2.4 Physical and Chemical Characteristics ............8 2.4.1 Resistance to Fluid ........................8 2.4.2 Hardness................................9 Vamac® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. AFLAS® is a registered trademark of Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128 1 www.parkerorings.com Parker O-Ring Handbook Basic O-RingO-Ring Elastomers 2.0 Elastomers 2.1.1 Polymer The basic core polymer of an elastomeric compound is A polymer is the “result of a chemical linking of molecules called a rubber, produced either as natural gum rubber in into a long chain-like structure.” Both plastics and elasto- the wild, on commercial rubber plantations or manufactured mers are classified as polymers. In this handbook, polymer synthetically by the chemical industry. Today, more than 32 generally refers to a basic class of elastomer, members synthetic rubbers are known, the most important ones are of which have similar chemical and physical properties. listed in Table 2-1. O-rings are made from many polymers, but a few polymers account for the majority of O-rings produced, namely Nitrile, Modern elastomeric sealing compounds generally contain EPDM and Neoprene. 50 to 60% base polymer and are often described simply as “rubber.” The balance of an elastomer compound consists Basic O-Ring Elastomers of various fillers, vulcanizing agents, accelerators, aging Synthetic Rubber retardants and other chemical additives which modify and Abbreviation improve the basic physical properties of the base polymer DIN/ISO ASTM to meet the particular requirements of a specific application. Chemical Name 1629 D1418 M-Group (saturated carbon molecules in main macro-molecule chain): Elastomers used in producing seals, and particularly those Polyacrylate Rubber ACM ACM used in O-rings, will usually provide reliable, leak-free Ethylene Acrylate — AEM function if fundamental design requirements are observed. Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber CSM CSM Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber EPDM EPDM “Cross-linking” between the polymer chains is formed during Ethylene Propylene Rubber EPDM EPM the vulcanization process, see Figure 2-1. Cross-linking of Fluorocarbon Rubber FPM FKM the molecules changes the rubber from a plastic-like material Tetrafluorethylene Propylene Copolymer FEPM FEPM to an elastic material. Perfluorinated Elastomer — FFKM After vulcanization, including any required “post-cure,” O-Group (with oxygen molecules in the main macro-molecule chain): an elastomer compound attains the physical properties Epichlorohydrin Rubber CO CO required for a good sealing material. As with all chemical Epichlorohydrin Copolymer Rubber ECO ECO reactions, temperature is responsible for the speed of reaction. Only when the ideal process temperature is constant during the R-Group (unsaturated hydrogen carbon chain): entire vulcanization time, will the optimum degree of curing Butadiene Rubber BR BR be reached. For this reason, the conditions of vulcanization Chloroprene Rubber CR CR are closely controlled and recorded as part of the Parker Isobutene Isoprene Rubber (Butyl Rubber) IIR IIR Chlorobutyl Rubber CIIR CIIR quality assurance process. Isoprene Rubber IR IR Nitrile Butadiene Rubber NBR NBR 2.1 Introduction to Elastomers Styrene Butadiene Rubber SBR SBR Before reviewing the available elastomers and their gen- Hydrogenated Nitrile — HNBR Carboxylated Nitrile XNBR XNBR eral properties, it is necessary to fully understand the terms “polymer,” “rubber,” “elastomer” and “compound” as they Q-Group (with Silicone in the main chain): are used in this handbook. Fluorosilicone Rubber FMQ FVMQ Methyl Phenyl Silicone Rubber PMQ PMQ Methyl Phenyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber PMVQ PVMQ Methyl Silicone Rubber MQ MQ Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber VMQ VMQ U-Group (with carbon, oxygen and nitrogen in the main chain): Polyester Urethane AU AU Polyether Urethane EU EU Table 2-1: The Most Important Types of Synthetic Rubber, Their Groupings and Abbreviations Elastomer Elastomer no cross-links cross-linked Figure 2-1: Schematic Representation of Polymer Chains Before and After Vulcanization Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509 Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128 2 www.parkerorings.com Parker O-Ring Handbook 2.1.2 Rubber vulcanizing agents (such as sulfur or peroxide, activators, plasticizers, accelerators, antioxidants, or antiozonants) Rubber-like materials first produced from sources other than Basic O-Ring Elastomers rubber trees were referred to as “synthetic rubber.” This to the elastomer mixture to tailor it into a seal compound distinguished them from natural gum rubber. Since then, with its own distinct physical properties. Since compound- usage in the industry has broadened the meaning of the term ers have thousands of compounding ingredients at their “rubber” to include both natural as well as synthetic materials disposal, it seems reasonable to visualize two, three, or having rubber-like qualities. This handbook uses the broader even one hundred-plus compounds having the same base meaning of the word “rubber.” elastomer, yet exhibiting marked performance differences in the O-ring seal. 2.1.3 Elastomer The terms “compound” and “elastomer” are often used in- Though “elastomer” is synonymous with “rubber,” it is for- terchangeably in a more general sense. This usage usually mally defined as a “high molecular weight polymer that can references a particular type or class of materials such as be, or has been modified, to a state exhibiting little plastic “nitrile compounds” or “butyl elastomers.” Please remember flow and rapid, nearly complete recovery from an extend- that when one specific compound is under discussion in this ing or compressing force.” In most instances we call such handbook, it is a blend of various compounding ingredients material before modification “uncured” or “unprocessed” (including one or more base elastomers) with its own indi- rubber or polymer. vidual characteristics and identification in the form of a unique compound number, For example, N0674-70 or V1164-75. When the basic high molecular weight polymer, without the addition of plasticizers or other dilutents, is converted by appropriate means to an essentially non-plastic state and 2.2 Basic Elastomers for O-Ring Seals tested at room temperature, it usually meets the following The following paragraphs briefly review the various elas- requirements in order to be called an elastomer: tomers currently available for use in O-rings and other elastomeric seals. If any of the rubber terms used in the A. It must not break when stretched approximately 100%. descriptions are confusing, consult the “Glossary of Seal B. After being held for five minutes at 100% stretch, it and Rubber Terms” in the Appendix, Section X. Service must retract to within 10% of its original length within
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