Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/itis: Inflammation of the eye Ophthalm/ic: Pertaining to the eye Ophthalm/algia, Ophthalm/o/dynia: Pain in the Medical Terminology eye Ophthalm/o/meter: Instrument for measuring Unit 15 the eye (curvature of the cornea) Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, Ophthalm/o/ptosis, Exophthalmos: Herniation and Medical Specialties of an eye (abnormal protrusion) Ocul/ar: Pertaining to the eye

Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/o = Eye Any ocular disease o Ophthalm/o/pathy Ophthalm/o/logy: the medical specialty Plastic surgery of the eye o Ophthalm/o/plasty studying eye disease and surgery of the eye Paralysis of the eye o Ophthalm/o/plegia Ophthalm/o/logist: Physician who practices in (muscles) ophthalmology specialty Ophthalm/o/scopy: The examination of the interior of the eye using an instrument Ophthalm/o/scope: The instrument used for eye examination

Op/ia • Suffix for vision Opt/o = Vision Opt/ic • Adjective- Pertaining to vision Opt/o/metrist: One who measures Opt/o • Combining form for vision visual acuity • Ophthalm/o Combining form for eye Opt/ic: The cranial nerve for vision • Ophthalm/ic Adjective- Pertaining to eye (adj.) Opt/o/metry: The measurement of vision (Practice assessing vision disorders)

1 Ophthalmologist Optometrist =Physician (MD or DO) =Licensed -opia = Vision specialist in treating practitioner (OD) Cyan/opia: Defect in vision that causes diseases of the eye and limited to eye performing surgery objects to appear blue examinations and Degree from medical prescribing Xanth/opia: Yellow vision school corrective lenses Certified Ophthalmic Chlor/opia: Green vision Technician (COT) Degree from Erythr/opia: Red vision =Technician that assists optometry school ophthalmologists with eye exams and helps fit corrective lenses

-opia = Vision Diplo- = Double My/opia  Nearsightedness Diplo/cardia: Having a double heart  Hyper/opia Farsightedness Diplo/genesis: Production of double  Presby/opia Loss of accommodation, parts or double substances “old vision” Diplo/coccus: Coccus that grows in  Double vision Dipl/opia pairs Diplo/bacillus: Bacillus that occurs in pairs

Ambi- = Both, Both sides -opter = Visible Ambi/later/al: Pertaining to both sides Optos = that which sees Ambi/dextr/ous: Can work well with Di/opter: A unit of measurement of both hands refraction in the eye Ambi/opia: Both eyes (ou) form OS+1D = left eye 1 diopter separate images (vision) Dia/scope: An instrument for examining Ambi/valence (n.): Unable to decide, through Wavering on both sides Ambi/valent (adj.)

2 Tropia = Turning Tropia = Turning Trope = Turning Eyes pointing outward  Exo/tropia  When the eyes appear to be turned in Eyes pointing inward Eso/tropia  an abnormal position, it is called Eyes pointing upward Hyper/tropia strabismus or squint Eyes pointing downward  Hypo/tropia Permanent deviation of  Cyclo/tropia the eye around its anteroposterior axis

Phor(ia) = To carry, Bear Blephar/o = Eyelid Dys/phoria: A feeling of depression. Carry an Blephar/o/ptosis: Prolapse of an eyelid ill feeling. Eu/phoria: Feeling of well being Blephar/: swelling of the eyelid Phor/opt/er: An instrument used to determine Oidein = to become swollen the prescription strength needed for Blephar/itis: Inflammation of an eyelid corrective lenses Phor/o/meter: The instrument that measures Blephar/otomy: Incision of an eyelid the tone and pull of the eye-moving (bearing) muscle

Blephar/o = Eyelid Conjunctiv/o = Conjunctiva Excision of lesions on the Blephar/ectomy Conjunctiva is the membrane that: eyelid lines the eyelids  palpebral conjunctiva Surgical repair of an eyelid Blephar/o/plasty Line the sclera  ocular conjunctiva Twitching of an eyelid Blephar/o/spasm Conjunctiv/itis: Inflammation of conjunctiva Prolapse of an eyelid Blephar/o/ptosis (droopy eyelid) Suture of the eyelid Blephar/o/rrhaphy

3 Phac/o = Crystalline lens Scler/o = Sclera Phac/o/cele: Dislocation of the lens Scleras = hard Phacos = lentil Sclera: White, “hard” outer coat of the Lentils have a biconvex shape just like the eye crystalline lens of the eye Phac/o/emulsification: Ultrasonic Scler/o/sis: Condition of hardness treatment to emulsify the lens and to remove the cataract Cataracts are opacities of the lens of the eye

Scler/o = Sclera Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Pertaining to the sclera  Scler/al Colored part of the eye (adj.) Ir/itis: Inflammation of the iris Excision of the sclera (or  Scler/ectomy part) Corne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the cornea and iris Formation of an opening  Scler/o/stomy into the sclera Scler/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the Inflammation of the sclera and iris  Scler/itis sclera Ir/ides (Plural)

Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Irid/o/cele: Protrusion of the iris Prolapse of the iris  Irid/o/ptosis (dislocation) Softening of the iris  Irid/o/malacia  Irid/algia: Pain in the iris Rupture of the iris Irid/o/rrhexis  Irid/ectomy: Excision of part or all of Paralysis of the iris Irid/o/plegia  the iris Irid/o/paralysis

4 Retin/o = Retina Glaucoma Retin/al: Pertaining to the retina A disease of the eye in which the Retin/itis: Inflammation of the retina intraocular pressure is increased. Retin/o/pexy: Fixation of a detached retina Open angle glaucoma Retin/o/plasty: Surgical repair of retina Angle closure glaucoma Retin/o/scope: Instrument used to examine Congenital the refractive error of the eye (retina) Retin/o/scopy: The process of using a retinoscope. Also known as “Skiascopy”.

Cor/e, Core/o = Pupil Corne/o = Cornea Cor/ectopia: Pupil out of place Corne/al: (adj.) Pertaining to cornea Cor/e/lysis: Destruction of the pupil Corne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of cornea Cor/ectasia (is): Dilatation (stretching) of the pupil and iris Anis/o/coria: Unequal pupil size Corne/o/scler/al: Pertaining to cornea Core/o/meter, Pupil/o/meter: Instrument for and sclera measuring the pupil Core/o/metry, Pupil/o/metry: Measurement of the pupil Core/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the pupil

Kerat/o = Cornea Cycl/o = Ciliary body Kerat/ectasia (is): Forward bulging (dilatation) of the cornea Cyclos = Circle Kerat/o/cele: Herniation of the cornea Ciliary body encircles the inside of the (protrusion of the cornea) iris and controls the iris shape/size Kerat/o/plasty: Plastic operation of the cornea (corneal transplant) Cycl/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the Kerat/o/tomy: Incision of the cornea ciliary body Radial keratotomy = Making small incision into the Cycl/o/plegic (adj.) cornea to improve vision in myopia Kerat/o/rrhexis: Corneal rupture Cycl/o/kerat/itis: Ciliary body and Kerat/o/scler/itis: Inflammation of cornea and cornea inflammation sclera

5 Lacrim/o= Tears Dacry/o = Tears Lacrim/al: Pertaining to tears Dacry/o/rrhea: Excessive lacrimation, Flow of tears Lacrimal gland secretes tears Lacrimal sac collects lacrimal fluids(tears) Dacry/o/cyst/itis: Tear sac inflammation Lacrim/ation: Tearing, Crying Dacry/o/aden/algia: Pain in tear gland Nas/o/lacrim/al: Pertaining to the nasal Dacry/oma: Tumor of the tear duct or gland passages and the tear ducts Dacry/o/py/o/rrhea: Discharge of pus from Nasolacrimal duct drains away the tears tear gland Lacrimal fluid keeps the surface of the eye Dacry/o/cyst/o/cele: Herniation of the tear moistened sac Dacry/o/lith: Stone in the tear duct

Dacry/o = Tears Onych/o = Nails Excessive flow of tears Dacry/o/rrhea Onych/o/malac/ia: Softening of the nails Prolapse of the tear sac Dacry/o/cyst/o/ptosis Onych/o/myc/osis: Fungus infection An instrument for cutting Dacry/o/cyst/o/tome (condition) of the nails (incising) the tear sac Onych/o/phagia: biting (eating) Onych/o/crypt/osis: Hidden nail or condition of nail being hidden, Par/onych/ia: Condition of infection in the tissues around the nail

Onych/o = Nails Trich/o = Hair Resembling a nail Onych/oid Trich/o/genous: Promoting hair growth Tumor of the nail Onych/oma Trich/iasis: Formation of hair (in the (or nail bed) wrong places) Any nail condition Onych/osis Trich/o/glossia (n.): Hairy tongue Trich/oid: Resembling hair Trich/o/phobia: Abnormal fear of hair Trich/o/pathy: Air hair disease

6 Cyt/o = Cell Phag/o = Eat, Swallow Cyt/o/meter: An instrument for Phag/ia: Condition of eating or swallowing measuring (counting) cells Phag/o/cyte: A cell that eats microorganisms Cyt/o/metry: The process of measuring Phag/o/cyt/osis: The process of the cells (counting) cells eating microorganisms Cyt/o/phagy = Phag/o/cyt/osis Cyt/o/stasis: Stopping or controlling cells Macr/o/phage: A large phagocyte Micr/o/phage: A small phagocyte Cyt/o/scopy: Examination of cells

Phag/o = Eat, Swallow Endo- = Inside Nail biting  Onych/o/phagy (ia) Endo/crine: To secrete inside. Glands Hair swallowing  Trich/o/phagy (ia) that secrete hormones  Air swallowing Aer/o/phagy (ia) Endo/crin/ology: The medical specialty studying the endocrine system Endo/crin/ologist: The specialist (physician) in the study of endocrine system

Combining Form Meaning Hormones Glands that produce Thyroid/o, thyr/o Thyroid gland Adren/o/corticoid Adrenal gland Thym/o Thymus gland (cortisone) (adrenal cortex) Adren/o Adrenal gland Thyr/o/xine, Thyr/o/xin Thyroid gland Pancreat/o Pancreas Test/o/sterone testes Oophor/o Ovary Testic/, Orchid/o, testis Orchi/o

7 Thyroid Adren/o = Adrenal gland Hyper/thyroid/ism: Adren/o/pathy: Any disease condition of the Overactive thyroid adrenal glands Adren/o/megaly: Enlargement of the adrenal Hypo/thyroid/ism: glands Underactive thryoid Adren/o/lysis: Destruction of adrenal tissue Adrenal glands are also called Supra/renal glands because they are above the kidneys. Supra/renal glands produce epi/nephr/ine .

Pituitary Gland Pituitary gland (hypophysis) is an endocrine gland secreting a number of hormones that regulate many bodily processes including growth, reproduction, and various metabolic activities. Anterior lobe Posterior lobe

-emia = Blood condition -emia = Blood condition Isch/emia: A condition in which blood Reduction in red An/emia flow is interrupted blood cells Transient ischemic attack (TIA) = Too much blood (in Hyper/emia temporary interruption of blood flow in one part) brain Urine constituents in Ur/emia Leuk/emia: Blood cancer with the blood abnormally increased leukocyte count Blood in the urine Hemat/uria

8 Traumat/o = Trauma Various injury types Trauma = Wound or injury Abrasion  Scrape  Traumat/ology: The study of caring for Contusion Bruise  wounds Evulsion A tearing away  Traumat/ic: Pertaining to wounds Puncture Make a hole Fracture  Break Laceration  A cut

Specialty Specialist Limits of Field Specialty Specialist Limits of Field Ear-Nose-Throat Pathology Pathologist Diseases-nature & causes Otorhinolaryngology Otorhinolaryngologist Dermatology Dermatologist Skin Obstetrics Obstetrician Pregnancy, Childbirth Neurology Neurologist Nervous system diseases Geriatrics Geriatrician Old age Gynecology Gynecologist Female diseases Pediatrics Pediatrician Children Urology Urologist Male & urinary diseases Orthopedics Orthopedist Bones and muscles Endocrinology Endocrinologist Glands of internal secretion Psychiatry Psychiatrist Mental disorders Oncology Oncologist Neoplasms (New growths) Audiology Audiologist Hearing function Cardiology Cardiologist Heart Radiology Radiologist Diagnostic imaging Ophthalmology Ophthalmologist Eye Chiropractic Chiropractor Manipulation therapy Podiatry Podiatrist Diseases of the

Abbreviation Abbreviation ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone AOA American Optometric Association Fx Fracture COA Certified Ophthalmic Assistant HCG Human chorionic gonadotropin COMT Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist L&A Light and accomodation COT Certified Ophthalmic Technician Light amplification by stimulated emission Laser D Diopter of radiation mg EMT Emergency medical technician Milligram (0.001 gram) EMT-P EMT– paramedic Mm Millimeter (0.001 meter) ENT Ear, nose, throat specialist OAG Open-angle glaucoma EOMI Extraocular movement intact OB Obstetrician, Obstetrics

9 Abbreviation od Right eye (oculus dexter) OD Doctor of optometry os Left eye (oculus sinister) ou Both eyes (oculus uterque) PERRLA Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation T3, T 4 Triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine (thyroid function tests) TIA Transient ischemic attack TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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