Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/itis: Inflammation of the eye Ophthalm/ic: Pertaining to the eye Ophthalm/algia, Ophthalm/o/dynia: Pain in the Medical Terminology eye Ophthalm/o/meter: Instrument for measuring Unit 15 the eye (curvature of the cornea) Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, Ophthalm/o/ptosis, Exophthalmos: Herniation and Medical Specialties of an eye (abnormal protrusion) Ocul/ar: Pertaining to the eye Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/o = Eye Any ocular disease o Ophthalm/o/pathy Ophthalm/o/logy: the medical specialty Plastic surgery of the eye o Ophthalm/o/plasty studying eye disease and surgery of the eye Paralysis of the eye o Ophthalm/o/plegia Ophthalm/o/logist: Physician who practices in (muscles) ophthalmology specialty Ophthalm/o/scopy: The examination of the interior of the eye using an instrument Ophthalm/o/scope: The instrument used for eye examination Op/ia • Suffix for vision Opt/o = Vision Opt/ic • Adjective- Pertaining to vision Opt/o/metrist: One who measures Opt/o • Combining form for vision visual acuity • Ophthalm/o Combining form for eye Opt/ic: The cranial nerve for vision • Ophthalm/ic Adjective- Pertaining to eye (adj.) Opt/o/metry: The measurement of vision (Practice assessing vision disorders) 1 Ophthalmologist Optometrist =Physician (MD or DO) =Licensed -opia = Vision specialist in treating practitioner (OD) Cyan/opia: Defect in vision that causes diseases of the eye and limited to eye performing surgery objects to appear blue examinations and Degree from medical prescribing Xanth/opia: Yellow vision school corrective lenses Certified Ophthalmic Chlor/opia: Green vision Technician (COT) Degree from Erythr/opia: Red vision =Technician that assists optometry school ophthalmologists with eye exams and helps fit corrective lenses -opia = Vision Diplo- = Double My/opia Nearsightedness Diplo/cardia: Having a double heart Hyper/opia Farsightedness Diplo/genesis: Production of double Presby/opia Loss of accommodation, parts or double substances “old vision” Diplo/coccus: Coccus that grows in Double vision Dipl/opia pairs Diplo/bacillus: Bacillus that occurs in pairs Ambi- = Both, Both sides -opter = Visible Ambi/later/al: Pertaining to both sides Optos = that which sees Ambi/dextr/ous: Can work well with Di/opter: A unit of measurement of both hands refraction in the eye Ambi/opia: Both eyes (ou) form OS+1D = left eye 1 diopter separate images (vision) Dia/scope: An instrument for examining Ambi/valence (n.): Unable to decide, through Wavering on both sides Ambi/valent (adj.) 2 Tropia = Turning Tropia = Turning Trope = Turning Eyes pointing outward Exo/tropia When the eyes appear to be turned in Eyes pointing inward Eso/tropia an abnormal position, it is called Eyes pointing upward Hyper/tropia strabismus or squint Eyes pointing downward Hypo/tropia Permanent deviation of Cyclo/tropia the eye around its anteroposterior axis Phor(ia) = To carry, Bear Blephar/o = Eyelid Dys/phoria: A feeling of depression. Carry an Blephar/o/ptosis: Prolapse of an eyelid ill feeling. Eu/phoria: Feeling of well being Blephar/edema: swelling of the eyelid Phor/opt/er: An instrument used to determine Oidein = to become swollen the prescription strength needed for Blephar/itis: Inflammation of an eyelid corrective lenses Phor/o/meter: The instrument that measures Blephar/otomy: Incision of an eyelid the tone and pull of the eye-moving (bearing) muscle Blephar/o = Eyelid Conjunctiv/o = Conjunctiva Excision of lesions on the Blephar/ectomy Conjunctiva is the membrane that: eyelid lines the eyelids palpebral conjunctiva Surgical repair of an eyelid Blephar/o/plasty Line the sclera ocular conjunctiva Twitching of an eyelid Blephar/o/spasm Conjunctiv/itis: Inflammation of conjunctiva Prolapse of an eyelid Blephar/o/ptosis (droopy eyelid) Suture of the eyelid Blephar/o/rrhaphy 3 Phac/o = Crystalline lens Scler/o = Sclera Phac/o/cele: Dislocation of the lens Scleras = hard Phacos = lentil Sclera: White, “hard” outer coat of the Lentils have a biconvex shape just like the eye crystalline lens of the eye Phac/o/emulsification: Ultrasonic Scler/o/sis: Condition of hardness treatment to emulsify the lens and to remove the cataract Cataracts are opacities of the lens of the eye Scler/o = Sclera Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Pertaining to the sclera Scler/al Colored part of the eye (adj.) Ir/itis: Inflammation of the iris Excision of the sclera (or Scler/ectomy part) Corne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the cornea and iris Formation of an opening Scler/o/stomy into the sclera Scler/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the Inflammation of the sclera and iris Scler/itis sclera Ir/ides (Plural) Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Ir/o, Irid/o = Iris Irid/o/cele: Protrusion of the iris Prolapse of the iris Irid/o/ptosis (dislocation) Softening of the iris Irid/o/malacia Irid/algia: Pain in the iris Rupture of the iris Irid/o/rrhexis Irid/ectomy: Excision of part or all of Paralysis of the iris Irid/o/plegia the iris Irid/o/paralysis 4 Retin/o = Retina Glaucoma Retin/al: Pertaining to the retina A disease of the eye in which the Retin/itis: Inflammation of the retina intraocular pressure is increased. Retin/o/pexy: Fixation of a detached retina Open angle glaucoma Retin/o/plasty: Surgical repair of retina Angle closure glaucoma Retin/o/scope: Instrument used to examine Congenital the refractive error of the eye (retina) Retin/o/scopy: The process of using a retinoscope. Also known as “Skiascopy”. Cor/e, Core/o = Pupil Corne/o = Cornea Cor/ectopia: Pupil out of place Corne/al: (adj.) Pertaining to cornea Cor/e/lysis: Destruction of the pupil Corne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of cornea Cor/ectasia (is): Dilatation (stretching) of the pupil and iris Anis/o/coria: Unequal pupil size Corne/o/scler/al: Pertaining to cornea Core/o/meter, Pupil/o/meter: Instrument for and sclera measuring the pupil Core/o/metry, Pupil/o/metry: Measurement of the pupil Core/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the pupil Kerat/o = Cornea Cycl/o = Ciliary body Kerat/ectasia (is): Forward bulging (dilatation) of the cornea Cyclos = Circle Kerat/o/cele: Herniation of the cornea Ciliary body encircles the inside of the (protrusion of the cornea) iris and controls the iris shape/size Kerat/o/plasty: Plastic operation of the cornea (corneal transplant) Cycl/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the Kerat/o/tomy: Incision of the cornea ciliary body Radial keratotomy = Making small incision into the Cycl/o/plegic (adj.) cornea to improve vision in myopia Kerat/o/rrhexis: Corneal rupture Cycl/o/kerat/itis: Ciliary body and Kerat/o/scler/itis: Inflammation of cornea and cornea inflammation sclera 5 Lacrim/o= Tears Dacry/o = Tears Lacrim/al: Pertaining to tears Dacry/o/rrhea: Excessive lacrimation, Flow of tears Lacrimal gland secretes tears Lacrimal sac collects lacrimal fluids(tears) Dacry/o/cyst/itis: Tear sac inflammation Lacrim/ation: Tearing, Crying Dacry/o/aden/algia: Pain in tear gland Nas/o/lacrim/al: Pertaining to the nasal Dacry/oma: Tumor of the tear duct or gland passages and the tear ducts Dacry/o/py/o/rrhea: Discharge of pus from Nasolacrimal duct drains away the tears tear gland Lacrimal fluid keeps the surface of the eye Dacry/o/cyst/o/cele: Herniation of the tear moistened sac Dacry/o/lith: Stone in the tear duct Dacry/o = Tears Onych/o = Nails Excessive flow of tears Dacry/o/rrhea Onych/o/malac/ia: Softening of the nails Prolapse of the tear sac Dacry/o/cyst/o/ptosis Onych/o/myc/osis: Fungus infection An instrument for cutting Dacry/o/cyst/o/tome (condition) of the nails (incising) the tear sac Onych/o/phagia: Nail biting (eating) Onych/o/crypt/osis: Hidden nail or condition of nail being hidden, Ingrown nail Par/onych/ia: Condition of infection in the tissues around the nail Onych/o = Nails Trich/o = Hair Resembling a nail Onych/oid Trich/o/genous: Promoting hair growth Tumor of the nail Onych/oma Trich/iasis: Formation of hair (in the (or nail bed) wrong places) Any nail condition Onych/osis Trich/o/glossia (n.): Hairy tongue Trich/oid: Resembling hair Trich/o/phobia: Abnormal fear of hair Trich/o/pathy: Air hair disease 6 Cyt/o = Cell Phag/o = Eat, Swallow Cyt/o/meter: An instrument for Phag/ia: Condition of eating or swallowing measuring (counting) cells Phag/o/cyte: A cell that eats microorganisms Cyt/o/metry: The process of measuring Phag/o/cyt/osis: The process of the cells (counting) cells eating microorganisms Cyt/o/phagy = Phag/o/cyt/osis Cyt/o/stasis: Stopping or controlling cells Macr/o/phage: A large phagocyte Micr/o/phage: A small phagocyte Cyt/o/scopy: Examination of cells Phag/o = Eat, Swallow Endo- = Inside Nail biting Onych/o/phagy (ia) Endo/crine: To secrete inside. Glands Hair swallowing Trich/o/phagy (ia) that secrete hormones Air swallowing Aer/o/phagy (ia) Endo/crin/ology: The medical specialty studying the endocrine system Endo/crin/ologist: The specialist (physician) in the study of endocrine system Combining Form Meaning Hormones Glands that produce Thyroid/o, thyr/o Thyroid gland Adren/o/corticoid Adrenal gland Thym/o Thymus gland (cortisone) (adrenal cortex) Adren/o Adrenal gland Thyr/o/xine, Thyr/o/xin Thyroid gland Pancreat/o Pancreas Test/o/sterone testes Oophor/o Ovary Testic/, Orchid/o, testis Orchi/o 7 Thyroid Adren/o = Adrenal gland Hyper/thyroid/ism: Adren/o/pathy: Any disease condition of the Overactive thyroid adrenal glands Adren/o/megaly: Enlargement of the adrenal Hypo/thyroid/ism: glands Underactive thryoid Adren/o/lysis: Destruction of adrenal tissue Adrenal glands are also called Supra/renal glands because they are above the kidneys. Supra/renal glands produce epi/nephr/ine .