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1813 Vet Proceedings Inside H51062 Autumn 08 Cover:H51062 Autumn Cover 28/8/08 10:29 Page 1 AUTUMN MEETING, SEPTEMBER 2008 EAST MIDLANDS AUTUMN BRITISH VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY STUDY GROUP AUTUMN MEETING 13th and 14th SEPTEMBER 2008 EAST MIDLANDS AIRPORT THISTLE HOTEL SPONSORS Principal Sponsor: VIRBAC Major Sponsors: DECHRA VETERINARY PRODUCTS HILLS PET NUTRITION JANSSEN ANIMAL HEALTH PFIZER Main Sponsors: ARTU BIOLOGICALS BAYER MERIAL ANIMAL HEALTH NATIONWIDE VETERINARY LABORATORIES NOVARTIS ANIMAL HEALTH ROYAL CANIN The B.V.D.S.G. committee and members would like to thank our sponsors for their generosity and support of this meeting Proceedings published for the British Veterinary Dermatology Study Group by Affiniti, Adventis Health Limited, Adventis House, Post Office Lane, Beaconsfield HP9 1FN Proceedings editor: Paul S Coward. Anthills, 25 Moneyfly Road, Verwood, Dorset BH31 6BL [email protected] 1 PROGRAMME DISEASES OF THE FACE AND FEET SATURDAY 13 TH September 2008 9.00 - 9.45am REGISTRATION Morning session 9.45 - 10.15 Anatomy and Surgery of Foot and Claw Structures Prue Neath 10.15 - 10.45 Surgery of Foot and Claw Structures Prue Neath 10.45 - 11.30 COFFEE AND COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION 11.30 - 12.15 Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Pododermatitis in the Dog Rory Breathnach 12.15 - 1.00 The Canine Foot as a Predilection Site for Disease Rory Breathnach 1.00 - 2.00 LUNCH 1.30 - 2.00 ESVD AGM 2.00 - 2.30 COFFEE AND COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION Afternoon session 2.30 - 3.15 Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy Rory Breathnach 3.15 - 4.15 Uveodermatological Syndrome – an Ophthalmologist’s Approach Jim Carter 4.30 - 5.15 TEA AND COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION 5.15 - 6.00 BVDSG AGM 2 SUNDAY 14 TH September 2008 Morning session 9.00 - 9.45 Immune-Mediated Blistering Diseases Vanessa Schmidt 9.45 - 10.30 Facial Dermatoses in Domestic Animals; Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Mucocutaneous Pyoderma Filippo De Bellis 10.30 - 11.15 COFFEE AND COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION 11.15 - 12.00 Common Infectious Diseases of the Feet in Sheep and Cattle Agnes Winter 12.00 - 12.45 Diseases of the Feet and Face in Sheep and Cattle Agnes Winter 1.00 - 2.00 LUNCH 2.00 - 2.30 COFFEE AND COMMERCIAL EXHIBITION Afternoon session 2.30 - 3.15 Canine Claw Diseases and Research John Reilly 3.15 - 4.00 Anatomy and Common Diseases of the Equine Hoof John Reilly Abstracts 4.00 - 4.15 0.4% dimeticone spray; a novel control material to kill fleas by physical means Jones I, Kidman ER, Burgess I. 3 CONTENTS Page no. Anatomy and Surgery of Foot and Claw Structures 5 Prue Neath Surgery of Foot and Claw Structures 6 Prue Neath Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Pododermatitis in the Dog 7 Rory Breathnach The Canine Foot as a Predilection Site for Disease 11 Rory Breathnach Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy 19 Rory Breathnach Uveodermatological Syndrome – an Ophthalmologist’s Approach 21 Jim Carter Immune-Mediated Blistering Diseases 27 Vanessa Schmidt Facial Dermatoses in Domestic Animals; Cutaneous Lupus 35 Erythematosus and Mucocutaneous Pyoderma Filippo De Bellis Common Infectious Diseases of the Feet in Sheep and Cattle 41 Agnes Winter Diseases of the Feet and Face in Sheep and Cattle 45 Agnes Winter Canine Claw Diseases and Research 48 John Reilly Anatomy and Common Diseases of the Equine Hoof 49 John Reilly 0.4% dimeticone spray; a novel control material to kill fleas by 50 physical means Jones I, Kidman ER, Burgess I. 4 ANATOMY AND SURGERY OF FOOT AND CLAW STRUCTURES Prue Neath Abstract not submitted NOTES 5 SURGERY OF FOOT AND CLAW STRUCTURES Prue Neath Abstract not submitted NOTES 6 LYMPHOCYTIC-PLASMACYTIC PODODERMATITIS IN THE DOG Dr Rory Breathnach MVB MSc PhD MRCVS Lecturer in Dermatology and Internal Medicine University College Dublin Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 4 Dublin IRELAND Pododermatitis is a common and frequently debilitating inflammatory disease of the pedal skin of dogs. The clinical history is often characterised by periods of disease exacerbation and remission. While pododermatitis may represent simply one component or manifestation of an otherwise more extensive dermatological disease, some dogs have lesions confined solely to the foot. IDIOPATHIC PODODERMATITIS Despite the large number of differential diagnoses for pododermatitis, the results of laboratory and other ancillary investigations in affected dogs frequently prove unrewarding. Animals that fall within this category are classified as having idiopathic pododermatitis (IP). Although poorly understood, various theories have been proposed to explain the underlying pathogenesis in idiopathic disease including pedal conformation, trauma, immunosuppression, bacterial infection and furunculosis with dermal granuloma formation. Bacterial infection has been reported to be a significant component of IP. However, bacterial infection invariably occurs secondary to other diseases such as hypersensitivity disorders or immunosuppression. Furthermore, pedal lesions that heal by second intention may be predisposed to mixed dermal infections involving opportunistic bacteria. It has been suggested that bacterial folliculitis may progress to furunculosis, with the subsequent release of follicular contents into the dermis and resultant granuloma formation. Thus, it is possible that bacterial infection and hair follicle- related pathology may contribute to the dynamism frequently encountered in IP dogs. LYMPHOCYTIC-PLASMACYTIC PODODERMATITIS (LPP) A sub-population of IP dogs exists in which affected animals are systemically healthy but have persistent inflammation and pruritus confined to the pedal skin. Clinical findings Males and females are usually equally represented. The mean age for onset of clinical signs is approximately 5 years. All four feet are affected in 80-90% of cases. Lesions are typically present on both the dorsal and palmoplantar skin surfaces. Lesions involving the pad surface are uncommon. There is no evidence of a seasonal component to the disorder or any consistent temporal association with specific therapeutic agents. The dominant clinical signs present are pruritus, erythema, alopecia and localized skin thickening. A web-like appearance to the foot is noted in 80% of cases. Pain/discomfort on palpation is common. Sinus tracts and haemorrhagic bullae occur in 25-40% of cases. Results of clinical pathology and diagnostic imaging investigations are typically normal i.e. most cases are systemically healthy. Histopathology of lesional biopsies Lesional biopsies are characterised by the presence of a perivascular dermatitis reaction accompanied by dermal oedema, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and spongiosis. In all cases examined, the perivascular infiltrates are composed of moderate-to-marked numbers of lymphocytes and plasmacytes. Hyperkeratosis, when present, is usually classified as diffuse in distribution and moderate in severity. The pattern observed is invariably orthokeratotic. Epidermal hyperplasia is moderate- to-severe in more than 80% of cases. The stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum are the two sub-regions primarily affected by this change. Spongiosis is often moderate in severity and focal in distribution. Mild vacuolar degeneration within epidermal cells is seen in approximately 20% of cases with LPP. Mononuclear cell exocytosis is a prominent finding in the epidermis of 75% of cases, with focal epidermal erosion/ulceration observed in approximately 25% of 7 affected dogs. Mild-to-moderate disruption of the dermo-epidermal (D-E) junction is seen in 25% of dogs, with a similar incidence figure for melanin incontinence. Vasodilation of dermal blood vessels and superficial dermal oedema are prominent findings in virtually all dogs with LPP (however, a leucocytoclastic vasculitis reaction pattern is not a feature). The superficial and middle dermal blood vessel plexi are the predominant ones participating in the response observed. Perivascular aggregates are usually most pronounced in the superficial and mid-dermis. However, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrates are observed beneath the D-E junction in approximately 50% of cases. A moderate increase in the number of dermal mast cells and macrophages are observed in 30-50% of LPP lesional biopsies. Eosinophil numbers are low. Folliculitis and furunculosis are uncommon findings. Although dermal fibroplasia is a prominent finding in dogs with LPP, dermal granulomas are uncommon. Interpretation and response to treatment The interpretation of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in skin biopsies is a subject of debate, with some veterinary dermatopathologists viewing them as a common non-specific finding at glabrous and mucocutaneous skin sites. However, the presence of large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells within a lesion typically suggests antigenic stimulation and immune reactivity. Although most chronic non-specific dermatitides in the dog contain some lymphoid cells within the inflammatory infiltrate, these cells do not usually dominate the histological appearance of the lesion. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates have previously been reported in both antibiotic-responsive (AbR) and immunomodulatory-responsive (ImR) dermatoses in the dog. As recurrent interdigital pyoderma is a common cause of relapsing pododermatitis, it is initially advisable to employ a combined approach of culture, cytology, biopsy and response to antimicrobial therapy to try and determine which of these cases are truly antibiotic-responsive. If the response to such therapy is poor, most affected individuals will typically display a marked clinical improvement over a 2-8 week period in response to immunosuppressive
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