Dakwah Islam Dalam Budaya Media Massa

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Dakwah Islam Dalam Budaya Media Massa DAKWAH ISLAM DALAM BUDAYA MEDIA MASSA Dr. Dudy Imanuddin Effendi, M.Ag Dr. Aang Ridwan, M.Ag Pendahuluan: Pengantar Menuju Isi Dr. Ahmad Sarbini, M.Ag Dekan Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Yayasan Lidzikri Bandung ii Dakwah Islam dalam Budaya Media Massa Ditulis Oleh : Dr. Dudy Imanduddin Effendi, M.Ag Dr. Aang Ridwan, M.Ag Ediring, Layout & Desain Cover : Dudy Imanuddin Imanuddin @2016 M Dr. Dudy Imanuddin Effendi, M.Ag., Dr.Aang Ridwan, M.Ag Diterbitkan pertama kali oleh Yayasan Lidzikri Bandung 2019 M ISBN 978-602-53958-1-9 Contact Person: 081221437687 (Die) Hak Cipta dilindungi Undang-Undang Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 72 Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Thaun 2002 Tentang Hak cipta Alamat Penerbit: Jalan. Riung Hegar Raya No. 10 Riung Bandung Kota Bandung Jawa Barat No. Kontak. 085219770001 (Abah Eki) iii KATA PENGANTAR Bissmillahirrahmanirrahim. Puji dan syukur senantiasa peneliti panjatkan kehadirat Ilahi Rabbi Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan berkah, rahmat serta hidayahnya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan risalah buku daras ini dengan tema: “Dakwah Islam dan Budaya Media Massa”. Buku ini menyajikan pusaran praktik dakwah Islam di media massa. Pendekatan analisis yang digunakan dalam membedah narasi dakwah Islam dan budaya media massa adalah pendekatan analisis wacana kritis. Mulai dari mengkaji relasi dakwah Islam dengan media massa. Budaya yang dilahirkan dari adanya komodifikasi dan komersialisasi dari bisnis media massa. Dus bagaimana seorang praktikan dakwah Islam menyikapi lahirnya budaya yang berdampak pada pendangkalan ajaran agama. Buku ini, hakikatnya merupakan upaya pengembangan akademik yang dilakukan secara struktural. Bahkan awalnya penulisan buku ini bagian dari peningkatan kompetensi dosen dalam menciptakan karya-karya intelektual yang dimediasi oleh program yang dikembangkan Lembaga Penelitian (LEMLIT) Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung tahun 2016. Buku daras ini “paling tidak” bisa menjadi salah satu referensi dosen dn mahasiswa untuk mendalami studi tentang Dasar-dasar Ilmu Dakwah, Metodologi Ilmu Dakwah, Komunikasi Massa, Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi, Sistem Komunikasi Indonesia, Kapita selekta Komunikasi, Komonikasi Politik, Manajemen Komunikasi, Komunikasi Sosial dan Pembangunan, Produksi Siaran TV, Dasar-Dasar Siaran TV, Media Tablig, Manajemen Siaran TV dan Metodologi Penelitian KPI atau Dakwah. Kekurangan yang terdapat dalam buku daras ini ini merupakan bagian dari kelemahan penulis. Dalam hal ini, penulis menerima kritik serta sarannya yang konstruktif secara akademik. Karena, dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis menyadari bahwa buku yang dilahirkan dari hasil penelitian ini masih jauh dari tingkat kesempurnaan sehingga masih memerlukan masukan-masukan dari siapapun. Selanjutnya, tak lupa penulis ucapkan terimakasih kepada kru Yayasan Lidizikri, Dekan Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi Dr.H. Ahmad Sarbini, M.Ag yang telah menuangkan pendahuluannya sebagai pengantar menuju isi buku ini, dan terakhir kepada istri tercinta Rika Mudrikatus Sa’aadah yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan proses editing tulisannya ini. Semoga, buku ini bisa bermanfaat bagi kemaslahatan kehidupan manusia, terkhusus bagi pengembangan teori dan praktik dakwah. Bandung, 2019 Dudy Imanuddin Effendi iv DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar Hal. iv Pendahuluan: Pengantar Menuju Isi ---Relasi Dakwah dan Media Massa--- ---Relasi Budaya Populer dan Media Massa--- Hal. 1-21 Menimbang Studi Budaya ---Kandungan Budaya--- ---Ragam Pemikiran dalam Kajian Budaya--- --- Budaya Populer--- --- Beberapa Perspektif Teoritis tentang Budaya Populer--- Hal. 22-60 Media dalam Neraca Kajian --- Wajah Media--- ---Media Televisi--- ---Peran Media Televisi dalam Konteks Kultural--- Hal. 62-71 Studi Agama dan Dakwah Islamiyah ---Wilayah Studi Agama--- ---Dakwah Islam sebagai Kajian--- Hal. 72-82 Analisis Wacana Kritis : Alternatif Bedah Budaya, Media dan Praktik Dakwah ---Apa itu Analisis Wacana Kritis--- ---Konsep-konsep dalam Analisis Wacana Kritis--- ---Metodologi dalam Analisa Wacana Kritis--- ---Alternatif Bedah Budaya, Media dan Praktik Dakwah---- Hal. 83-96 Praktik Dakwah Islam: Agama, Media dan Budaya ---Agama, Media, dan Budaya--- ---Perkembangan Praktik Dakwah Islam di Indonesia--- Hal. 97-111 v Dokumentasi Praktik Dakwah Islam di Televisi ---Peta Pengamatan Empiris--- ---Sejarah Perkembangan Televisi di Indonesia--- ---Program-program Bertemakan Dakwah di Televisi--- Hal. 112-130 Identifikasi Praktik Dakwah Islam di Televisi ---Praktik Dakwah Islam di Televisi dalam Arus Budaya Populer--- ---Stagnasi Materi Dakwah--- ---Komersialiasi Agama dalam Dakwah--- Hal. 131-148 Konstruksi Dakwah Islam di Televisi ---Praktik Dakwah Islam di Televisi--- ---Konstruk Dakwah Islam di Televisi--- ---Peran Televisi dalam Praktik Komodifikasi dan Komersialiasi Dakwah Islam--- Hal. 149-168 Analisis Wacana Kritis Praktik Dakwah Islam di Televisi Hal. 169-180 Distorsi Media Teknologi Informasi: Penguatan Praktik Dakwah Islam ---Tantangan Revolusi Teknologi Media Informasi--- ---Penguatan Praktik Dakwah di Media Teknologi Informasi--- Hal. 181-189 Refleksi Praktik Dakwah Islam: Menuju Prinsip Etis dan Aksi ---Refleksi bagi Aktifis Dakwah Islam--- ---Prinsip Etis Dakwah--- ---Prinsip Aksi Dakwah Islam--- Hal. 190-200 Daftar Pustaka Hal. 201-207 vi Pendahuluan Pengantar Menuju Isi ---Relasi Dakwah dan Media Massa--- ---Relasi Budaya Populer dan Media Massa--- Satu sisi, relasi dakwah, budaya dan media massa telah melahirkan masifikasi penyampaian informasi mengenai nilai-nilai ajaran agama kepada hampir semua strata manusia dan bahkan sampai sudut-sudut terpencil masyarakat. Akan tetapi pada sisi lain, pengaruh perkembangan arus budaya populer telah berdampak pada pelbagai persoalan dalam dakwah akibat adanya perselingkuhan idealisme dalam wujud komodifikasi dan komersialisasi agama melalui media ---- Ahmad Sarbini, 2016--- Bab Satu Pendahuluan 1 Pengantar Menuju Isi Religion and spirituality today are coming to be about identity and about the place that individuals make for themselves in the maelstrom of modern life. ---Stewart M. Hoove: 2008. Relasi Dakwah dan Media Massa Dalam ajaran Islam, dakwah merupakan kewajiban setiap muslim, yakni bagaimana mengajak orang lain sesuai dengan kemampuannya, untuk berbuat kebajikan dan -Terdapat banyak sekali ayat-ayat al .(اﻷمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر) menjauhi kejahatan Qur’an yang menunjukkan perintah atas hal tersebut.1 Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan beragama hanya akan tegak jika setiap orang bisa ikut bertanggungjawab dalam dakwah. Sebab, seperti ditulis oleh T.W. Arnold, Islam adalah agama dakwah, baik dalam teori maupun praktiknya, dan hal ini tercermin dalam kepribadian Nabi Muhammad Saw itu sendiri. “Thus from its very inception Islam has been a missionary religion, both in theory and in practice, for the life of Muḥammad exemplifies the same teaching, and the Prophet himself stands at the head of a long series of Muslim missionaries who have won an entrance for their faith into the hearts of unbelievers. Moreover it is not in the cruelties of the persecutor or the fury of the fanatic that we should look for the evidences of the missionary spirit of Islam, any more than in the exploits of that mythical personage, the Muslim warrior with sword in one hand and Qur'an in the other.”2 Melalui praktik dakwah pula Islam berkembang ke seluruh penjuru dunia. Sejarah sudah memperlihatkan bagaimana praktik dakwah ini berhasil membentuk masyarakat muslim sebagai salah satu komunitas terbesar yang pernah ada. Kewajiban untuk mengajak pada jalan kebajikan dan menjauhi kemunkaran pada setiap muslim, membuat dakwah selalu hadir di mana Islam berada. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa dakwah memiliki aspek sosial yang pada kelanjutannya membuat dakwah selalu berkaitan dengan praktik pembentukan peradaban yang baik. Bagaimanapun, manusia tidak pernah bisa hidup sendirian. Ia selalu membutuhkan komunitas dan kebersamaan agar kehidupannya bisa berlangsung dengan baik. Mengutip Ibn Khaldun: اﻷولى فى أن اﻻجتماع اﻻنسانى ضروري ويعبر الحكماء عن هذا بقولهم اﻻنسان مدني بالطبع أي ﻻ بد 3 له من اﻻجتماع الذي هو المدينة وهو معنى العمران .. 1 Lihat QS. Ali Imran ayat 104, 110, 114, QS. Fushshilat ayat 33, QS. An-Nisaa’ ayat 17, QS. at- Taubah ayat 112, dan QS. al-Hajj ayat 41. 2 T.W. Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, A History of The Propagation of The Muslim Faith, 2nd Edition, (London: Constable & Company, 1913), hlm. 12. 3 Abdurrahman Muhammad Ibn Khaldun, al-Muqaddimah li Ibn Khaldun, (Mauqi’ al-Warraq, tt), hlm. 17. 1 | P a g e Aspek sosial dari dakwah ini pula yang membuat tujuan dakwah tidak lagi berhenti pada kesadaran individu untuk kembali pada kebenaran, namun bagaimana kebenaran tersebut menjadi pengikat atas hidup bersama. Pada kelanjutannya, dakwah kemudian -di mana ajaran Islam menjadi nilai (العمران) menjadi jalan untuk menciptakan peradaban nilai utamanya. Adanya hubungan yang erat antara dakwah, kemanusiaan, dan hidup yang berkeadaban, menjadi penanda penting bahwa Islam merupakan ajaran yang selaras dengan cita-cita dan kebutuhan hidup serta kemanusiaan. Secara lebih filosofis, Ismail al-Faruqi menyebut bahwa dakwah pada dasarnya memiliki tiga prinsip utama, yaitu: (1) kebebasan; bahwa dakwah tidak mungkin disampaikan tanpa sebelumnya ada kesadaran rasionalitas, bahwa dakwah harus berdasarkan (2) ;(المدعو) dan persetujuan objek dakwah pada fakta kebenaran, bukan berdasar pada mitos. Dakwah harus selaras dengan nalar, terbuka pada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, terhindar dari literalisme,
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