DOCSLIB.ORG

Historical and Ethnographical Aspects of the Sea Toponomy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Historical and Ethnographical Aspects of the Sea Toponomy Alexander Ivanovich Alekseev (Professor, Department of Geography, Moscow State University) The problem has been put to find out, what is difference in names of the seas and their parts (straits, gulfs, etc.) in atlases issued on different languages. With this purpose in library of Geographical faculty of the Moscow Lomonosov university we have been seen atlases in English, German, French, Spanish and Russian languages, issued in the period from the end of XIX up to the end of XX centuries. Results of such comparison are given in this abstract. The majority marine toponyms on maps of all atlases are identical (differing only features of a transcription in various languages). But there are some geographical objects which differently refer on maps depending on country and language the atlas is issued. The most widespread case - the straits dividing the countries which speaking in different languages. Among them - the well-known strait dividing the Great Britain and France. On English-language maps (issued in the Great Britain and in the USA) the English names are resulted only: in a wide part the strait refers to English Channel, in the narrowest part - Strait of Dover. On the French maps the French names are resulted only: La Manche and Pas de Calais. More closed to the French language, Spanish-speaking cartographers name it Canal de la Mancha and Paso de Calais. In Russian atlases the French variant prevailed before, then both variants began to be resulted frequently. It is necessary to recognize German atlases as the most complete: two pairs names are always used - English and French (and at the end of XIX century a German variant was added also: Der Kanal). Other example - a strait between Korea and Japan. Here a variety is more. English-language 1 atlases, as a rule, result general name Korea Strait and also Chosen strait (for the western part of a strait) and Tsushima strait (for eastern part). Eastern part of a passage named only sometimes. Last variant (the general name plus the name of eastern part) is characteristic and for Spanish-language atlases. In Russian atlases - Koreiskiy proliv and its two parts: Zapadniy prohod and Vostochniy prohod. The most detailed German HAAKWELT ATLAS issued in the German Democratic Republic (Gotha - Leipzig, 1972) where two names are resulted for the western part of a passage: Čosŏn hehjop / Chosen-Kaikyo, and for eastern - one: Tsushima-Kaikyo. The third example - a strait dividing islands Sakhalin and Hokkaido. On English-language maps it is named only Soya Strait. On French maps - only La Perousse. Both names are on Spanish-language maps. On Russian - only proliv Laperuza. And WELTATLAS gives two names - not in a classical variant (La Perousse), but in languages of two countries: proliv Laperuza and Soya-Kaikyo. Besides there are some seas with equal name almost everywhere in the world - except for one country with traditional name. A classical example - Baltik Sea on English, French, Spanish and Russian maps - but not on German maps where it refers Ostsee. Various names can be consequence of different points of view on a history of geographical investigation of the seas. For example, at the end of XIX - the beginning of XX centuries on German maps it was shown Nordenskiold see; from middle ХХ century it refers to Laptevs see (as it was usual in Soviet Union); on the English maps both names are used. A number of other examples will be given in the report also. 2 A.I.Alexeev Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State University Some historic and ethnic aspects of marine toponymy Our task is to find out the influence of historic, political and ethnic factors on geographical names of marine objects, such as seas, straits, bays, islands, etc. In line with the theme of the seminar we have narrowed the problem of investigation. We suggested that the widest diversity of names is characteristic of the cases when the same marine object neighbors the territories of different countries. Besides, it is believed that the greater are the difference (language, religion, etc.) and the contradictions between the countries the more profound are the disagreements in the names of their "common" marine objects. For this purpose atlases published in English, French, German, Spanish and Russian during the period from the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century from the library of the MSU Faculty of Geography were analyzed. Of course it was not possible to compare all names. Besides, it is clear that the majority of marine objects, particularly large ones, have the same names on the maps published in different countries. Therefore we have selected only several marine objects which are the most interesting for our study. / What conclusions could we make? • Our initial suggestion is only partially true. The largest variety of names is typical for the objects sweeping the territories of different countries. • At the same time there is no direct interrelation between the degree of difference, or conflict, of the nations and the variations in names. Moreover, in some cases the difference between the countries has practically no influence on the situation with the names of marine objects. For example, distinctions between Tunisia and Italy have no relation to the name of the straight: to call it Sicilian or Malta depends to a much larger extent on the history of Great Britain and France. Another example: luckily, the extremely acute conflicts of recent decades between Cuba and the United States have no effect on the name of the Florida Straight. • The general trend of gradual transition to local names is basically reasonable, but only with due account to historical traditions of national geographical schools and maintaining the succession in geographical names. • Sometimes the straits situated within the territory of a country are de-facto the objects of international importance associated with the events of the world history. In such cases the application of local names (for example, for the Bosporus and Dardanelles) could pose great difficulties to map users. • Changes in the political orientation of a country could have peculiar effects on the names of its marine objects. Example 1. 1. Name of the strait between Great Britain and France A. Countries neighboring the straight Great Britain - English Channel + Strait of Dover France - La Manche + Pas de Calais B. Other countries Spain - Canal de la Manche + Peso de Calais Russia - La Manche + Pas de Calais Germany - Der Kanal (or Armel-kanal) I English Channel (La Manche) + Strasse von Dover (Pas de Calais) 1a Why Russia prefers French names? 1) Predominantly French-speaking of the Russian aristocracy from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century th th 2) Anglophobia in the Russian society (middle 19 - the beginning of the 20 century) BUT: the first reason has ceased to exist after 1917 English has become the most wide spread foreign language Nevertheless French tradition is still predominant Example 2 The bay between France and Spain The Spanish name is Golfo de Biscaya. The same name is on English, German and Russian maps (the Bay of Biscay). The French name is Golfe de Gascogne. Example 3 The Baltic Sea The Russian, English and French names are Baltic Sea. The German name is Ostsee Example 4 The strait between Sicily and Africa The French name is Canal de Sicile (in the memory of "the Sicillian Vespers"). The English name is Malta Strait (in the memory of the English Malta?). The German name is Canal di Tunisi/Canal de Sicile+Canal di Malte The Russian name is the Strait of Tunisia. Example 5 The strait between Korea and Japan The French name as of 1899 is Detroit de Broughton The Russian name is the Strait of Kruzenshtem+ Korea strait. The English name is Korea Strait. The German names are Coson hehjop/Chosen-kaikyo+ Tsushima-kaikyo. Example 6 The strait between Sakhalin and Hokkaido The French name as of 1899 is Detroit de La Perouse. The French name as of 1957 is Soya KaikyolDetroit de La Perouse The Russian name is Strait of La Perouse. The English name is Soya Strait. The German name is proliv Laperusa/Soya-kaikyo. Example 7 The straits of the Black Sea The traditional names are the Bosporus and Dardanelles (Russian, English and French). New names are Karadeniz bogazi, Canakkale bogazi (Turkish and ... GERMAN!?) Example 8 The names of marine objects of the Arctic. The Russian Sea - the Barents Sea. The Nordenskiold Sea - the Laptev Sea. The Kolchak Island - the Rastorguev Island - the Ko1chak Island. ---~~ ~~ ~ A.I.Alexeev Department of Economic and Social Geography of Russia Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State University Some historic and ethnic aspects of marine toponymy Our task is to find out the influence of historic, political and ethnic factors on geographical names of marine objects, such as seas, straits, bays, islands, etc. In line with the theme of the seminar we have narrowed the problem of investigation. We suggested that the widest diversity of names is characteristic of the cases when the same marine object neighbors the territories of different countries. Besides, it is believed that the greater are the difference (language, religion, etc.) and the contradictions between the countries the more profound are the disagreements in the names of their "common" marine objects. For this purpose atlases published in English, French, German, Spanish and Russian during the period from the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century from the library of the MSU Faculty of Geography were analyzed. Of course it was not possible to compare all names.
Recommended publications
  • The Kuroshio Extension: a Leading Mechanism for the Seasonal Sea-Level Variability Along the West

    The Kuroshio Extension: a Leading Mechanism for the Seasonal Sea-Level Variability Along the West

    1 The Kuroshio Extension: A Leading Mechanism for the Seasonal Sea-level Variability along the West 2 Coast of Japan 3 4 Chao Ma1, 2, 3, Jiayan Yang3, Dexing Wu2, Xiaopei Lin2 5 6 1. College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography 7 Ocean University of China 8 Qingdao 266100, China 9 2. Physical Oceanography Laboratory 10 Ocean University of China 11 Qingdao 266100, China 12 3. Department of Physical Oceanography 13 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 14 Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 15 16 Corresponding Author: Chao Ma ([email protected]) 17 Abstract 18 Sea level changes coherently along the two coasts of Japan on the seasonal time scale. AVISO 19 satellite altimetry data and OFES (OGCM for the Earth Simulator) results indicate that the variation 20 propagates clockwise from Japan's east coast through the Tsushima Strait into the Japan/East Sea (JES) 21 and then northward along the west coast. In this study, we hypothesize and test numerically that the sea 22 level variability along the west coast of Japan is remotely forced by the Kuroshio Extension (KE) off the 23 east coast. Topographic Rossby waves and boundary Kelvin waves facilitate the connection. Our 3-d 24 POM model when forced by observed wind stress reproduces well the seasonal changes in the vicinity 25 of JES. Two additional experiments were conducted to examine the relative roles of remote forcing and 26 local forcing. The sea level variability inside the JES was dramatically reduced when the Tsushima Strait 27 is blocked in one experiment. The removal of the local forcing, in another experiment, has little effect on 28 the JES variability.
  • Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval

    Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval

    U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE CHINA MARITIME STUDIES Number 2 Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications ISBN: 978-1-884733-60-4 Peter Dutton 9 781884 733604 Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications Peter Dutton CHINA MARITIME STUDIES INSTITUTE U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND www.usnwc.edu/cnws/cmsi/default.aspx Naval War College The China Maritime Studies are extended research projects Newport, Rhode Island that the editor, the Dean of Naval Warfare Studies, and the Center for Naval Warfare Studies President of the Naval War College consider of particular China Maritime Study No. 2 interest to policy makers, scholars, and analysts. February 2009 Correspondence concerning the China Maritime Studies may be addressed to the director of the China Maritime President, Naval War College Studies Institute, www.usnwc.edu/cnws/cmsi/default.aspx. Rear Admiral James P. Wisecup, U.S. Navy To request additional copies or subscription consideration, Provost please direct inquiries to the President, Code 32A, Naval Amb. Mary Ann Peters War College, 686 Cushing Road, Newport, Rhode Island 02841-1207, or contact the Press staff at the telephone, fax, Dean of Naval Warfare Studies or e-mail addresses given. Robert C. Rubel Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act Director of China Maritime Studies Institute of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This Dr. Lyle J. Goldstein document may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that Naval War College Press reproductions credit the author and China Maritime Director: Dr.
  • Effects of Eddy Variability on the Circulation of the Japan/ East Sea

    Effects of Eddy Variability on the Circulation of the Japan/ East Sea

    Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 55, pp. 247 to 256. 1999 Effects of Eddy Variability on the Circulation of the Japan/ East Sea 1 1 2 G. A. JACOBS , P. J. HOGAN AND K. R. WHITMER 1Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, U.S.A. 2Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, U.S.A. (Received 5 October 1998; in revised form 17 November 1998; accepted 19 November 1998) The effect of mesoscale eddy variability on the Japan/East Sea mean circulation is Keywords: examined from satellite altimeter data and results from the Naval Research Laboratory ⋅ Japan Sea, Layered Ocean Model (NLOM). Sea surface height variations from the Geosat-Exact ⋅ eddies, ⋅ altimeter, Repeat Mission and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter satellites imply geostrophic velocities. ⋅ At the satellite crossover points, the total velocity and the Reynolds stress due to numerical model- ing, geostrophic mesoscale turbulence are calculated. After spatial interpolation the momentum ⋅ Reynolds stress. flux and effect on geostrophic balance indicates that the eddy variability aids in the transport of the Polar Front and the separation of the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC). The NLOM results elucidate the impact of eddy variability on the EKWC separation from the Korean coast. Eddy variability is suppressed by either increasing the model viscosity or decreasing the model resolution. The simulations with decreased eddy variability indicate a northward overshoot of the EKWC. Only the model simulation with sufficient eddy variability depicts the EKWC separating from the Korean coast at the observed latitude. The NLOM simulations indicate mesoscale influence through upper ocean–topographic coupling. 1. Introduction Lie et al., 1995).
  • North Sea Palaeogeographical Reconstructions for the Last 1 Ma

    North Sea Palaeogeographical Reconstructions for the Last 1 Ma

    Netherlands Journal of Geosciences —– Geologie en Mijnbouw |93 – 1/2| 7-29| 2014 doi: 10.1017/njg.2014.12 North Sea palaeogeographical reconstructions for the last 1 Ma K.M. Cohen1,2,3,*,P.L.Gibbard4 & H.J.T. Weerts5 1 Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands 2 Department of Applied Geology and Geophysics, Deltares, Unit BGS, Princetonlaan 6, Utrecht 3 Department of Geomodelling, TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Princetonlaan 6, Utrecht 4 Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, United Kingdom 5 Cultural Heritage Agency, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, P.O. Box 1600, 3800 BP Amersfoort, the Netherlands * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 3 February 2014, accepted: 2 May 2014 Abstract The landscape evolution of the southern North Sea basin is complex and has left a geographically varying record of marine, lacustrine, fluvial and glacial sedimentation and erosion. Quaternary climatic history, which importantly included glaciation, combined with tectonics gave rise to cyclic and non-cyclic changes of sedimentation and erosion patterns. Large-scale landscape reorganisations left strong imprints in the preserved record, and are important for the detail that palaeogeographical reconstructions for the North Sea area can achieve. In the spirit of the North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF; Peeters et al., 2009), this paper provides background geological information regarding the North Sea. It summarises current stratigraphical and chronological frameworks and provides an overview of sedimentary environments. As we go back in time, the understanding of Quaternary palaeo-environmental evolution in the North Sea basin during the last 1 million years becomes decreasingly accurate, with degree of preservation and accuracy of age control equally important controls.
  • Sea of Japan a Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security

    Sea of Japan a Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security

    The Long Littoral Project: Sea of Japan A Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security Michael A. McDevitt • Dmitry Gorenburg Cleared for Public Release IRP-2013-U-002322-Final February 2013 Strategic Studies is a division of CNA. This directorate conducts analyses of security policy, regional analyses, studies of political-military issues, and strategy and force assessments. CNA Strategic Studies is part of the global community of strategic studies institutes and in fact collaborates with many of them. On the ground experience is a hallmark of our regional work. Our specialists combine in-country experience, language skills, and the use of local primary-source data to produce empirically based work. All of our analysts have advanced degrees, and virtually all have lived and worked abroad. Similarly, our strategists and military/naval operations experts have either active duty experience or have served as field analysts with operating Navy and Marine Corps commands. They are skilled at anticipating the “problem after next” as well as determining measures of effectiveness to assess ongoing initiatives. A particular strength is bringing empirical methods to the evaluation of peace-time engagement and shaping activities. The Strategic Studies Division’s charter is global. In particular, our analysts have proven expertise in the following areas: The full range of Asian security issues The full range of Middle East related security issues, especially Iran and the Arabian Gulf Maritime strategy Insurgency and stabilization Future national security environment and forces European security issues, especially the Mediterranean littoral West Africa, especially the Gulf of Guinea Latin America The world’s most important navies Deterrence, arms control, missile defense and WMD proliferation The Strategic Studies Division is led by Dr.
  • Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications

    Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications

    U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons CMSI Red Books China Maritime Studies Institute 2-2009 Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications Peter A. Dutton Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books Recommended Citation Dutton, Peter, "Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications" (2009). CMSI Red Books, Study No. 2. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the China Maritime Studies Institute at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in CMSI Red Books by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE CHINA MARITIME STUDIES Number 2 Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications ISBN: 978-1-884733-60-4 Peter Dutton 9 781884 733604 Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications Peter Dutton CHINA MARITIME STUDIES INSTITUTE U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND www.usnwc.edu/cnws/cmsi/default.aspx Naval War College The China Maritime Studies are extended research projects Newport, Rhode Island that the editor, the Dean of Naval Warfare Studies, and the Center for Naval Warfare Studies President of the Naval War College consider of particular China Maritime Study No. 2 interest to policy makers, scholars, and analysts. February 2009 Correspondence concerning the China Maritime Studies may be addressed to the director of the China Maritime President, Naval War College Studies Institute, www.usnwc.edu/cnws/cmsi/default.aspx.
  • A Renewed Cenozoic Story of the Strait of Dover

    A Renewed Cenozoic Story of the Strait of Dover

    EXTRAIT DES ANNALES DE LA SOCIÉTÉ GÉOLOGIQUE DU NORD Ann. Soc. Géol. du Nord. T. 17 (2ème série) p. 59-80 T. 17 (2ème série), p. 59-80, Décembre 2010. LILLE A RENEWED CENOZOIC STORY OF THE STRAIT OF DOVER Une révision de l’histoire cénozoïque du Pas-de-Calais par Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË (*), Guillaume GOSSELIN (**), Jean-Louis MANSY (**)(†), Chantal BOURDILLON (****), Murielle MEURISSE-FORT (****)(**), Jean-Pierre HENRIET (*****), Pascal LE ROY (***), Alain TRENTESAUX (**) . Résumé. — Le détroit est potentiellement un élément du rift européen, subsident dès le Paléocène jusqu’au Quaternaire, mais surtout pendant la phase d’extension oligocène liée à l’ouverture de l’Atlantique Nord. Comme ce secteur de l’Europe correspond à une zone en inversion tectonique, le front varisque, l’extension n’a pas pu s’exprimer pleinement. L’inversion du front varisque a accommodé l’essentiel du raccourcissement imposé à la plate-forme occidentale de l’Europe par la formation des Pyrénées et l’ouverture de l’Atlantique Nord. La dépression du Boulonnais constitue dès l’Yprésien un golfe marin calqué sur une zone déjà partiellement évidée dès le Crétacé. Une réinterprétation des formations sédimentaires superficielles internes au Boulonnais montre l’existence d’une ouverture très précoce du détroit dès l’Eocène. Le Pas-de- Calais est ouvert dès la fin du Lutétien, pendant une partie de l’Oligocène et du Mio-Pliocène final, les faunes de ces deux étages étant identiques de part et d'autre du détroit. Il s’est refermé par épisodes pour des raisons tectoniques et eustatiques, à l’Oligocène final, certainement au Miocène inférieure et moyen, et à partir du Quaternaire ancien pour n’être ré-ouvert que tardivement à la veille du Dernier Interglaciaire.
  • Generation Mechanism of the Velocity Fluctuations Off Busan in The

    Generation Mechanism of the Velocity Fluctuations Off Busan in The

    Generation mechanism of the velocity fluctuations off Busan in the Tsushima Strait ◯ Kioshi Mishiro1 Tetsuo Yanagi2 Jong Hwan Yoon2 1Department of Earth System Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University 2Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University 1 Introduction 2.3 Wind effect along the Korean coast The structure of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) It is considered that the southwestward current along across the Tsushima Straits has been studied using the re- the southern coast of Korea becomes strong due to the sult of long term Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) alongshore wind after the low pressure passes through the observation by a ferryboat between Hakata and Busan, Tsushima Straits except the effect of the sea level differ- which has been conducted from Feb. 1997 to Dec. 2009. ence between the east and south coasts of Korea. The ADCP observation shows the large velocity fluctuations NNE wind and the sea level height at Busan show the cor- along the southern coast of Korea within 10 km from Bu- relation, which is suggested that the anticlockwise wind san every summer, which are appeared with the geostrophic of the low pressure intensifies the alongshore wind com- balance and accompanied by the strong oscillation and ponent along the Korean coast, that is, the wind blows southwestward current with the periods from about 10 to toward the East China Sea from the Japan Sea along the 50 days and mean velocity fluctuations are in the range Korean coast when the low pressure is passed through the from 20 cm/s to 50 cm/s.
  • Geography, Hydrography and Climate 5

    Geography, Hydrography and Climate 5

    chapter 2 Geography, hydrography and climate 5 GEOGRAPHY 2.1 Introduction This chapter defines the principal geographical characteristics of the Greater North Sea. Its aim is to set the scene for the more detailed descriptions of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the area and the impact man’s activities have had, and are having, upon them. For various reasons, certain areas (here called ‘focus areas’) have been given special attention. 6 Region II Greater North Sea 2.2 Definition of the region 2.3 Bottom topography The Greater North Sea, as defined in chapter one, is The bottom topography is important in relation to its effect situated on the continental shelf of north-west Europe. It on water circulation and vertical mixing. Flows tend to be opens into the Atlantic Ocean to the north and, via the concentrated in areas where slopes are steepest, with the Channel to the south-west, and into the Baltic Sea to the current flowing along the contours. The depth of the North east, and is divided into a number of loosely defined Sea (Figure 2.1) increases towards the Atlantic Ocean to areas. The open North Sea is often divided into the about 200 m at the edge of the continental shelf. The relatively shallow southern North Sea (including e.g. the Norwegian Trench, which has a sill depth (saddle point) of Southern Bight and the German Bight), the central North 270 m off the west coast of Norway and a maximum depth Sea, the northern North Sea, the Norwegian Trench and of 700 m in the Skagerrak, plays a major role in steering the Skagerrak.
  • The Naming of the Korea Strait on Old Maps

    The Naming of the Korea Strait on Old Maps

    The Naming of the Korea Strait on Old Maps Bo-Kyung Yang (Director of Korean Institute of Geographical Research, Sungshin Women's University, the Republic of Korea) Preface In addition to naming the East Sea (Sea of Japan), which emerged as a subject of international dispute, the Korea Strait(大韓海峽), off the East Sea coast in the South, is also a matter of intense attention for Korea and Japan as they use different names for the Strait. The Korea Strait, a narrow strait with an average width of about 200km is located between the Southeast coast of Korea and the Japanese islands, linking the Yellow Sea, the South and East Sea, and the East China Sea. The Tsushima Island(對馬島) lies in the center of the Strait and the island is divided into a West channel(東水道) and East channel(西水道). The Korea Strait, which lies between Korea and the Kyushu Island, is about 200km in length and width but the width of the narrowest point extends only about 50km. It is a relatively shallow with a maximum depth of 210m. From ancient times, it has been an important sea route between Korea and Japan. Japan named the Strait ‘Tsushima Strait’ (對馬海峽), sometimes they called the Western part of the Tsushima ‘Korea Strait’ and Eastern part ‘Tsushima Strait’. This article examined the changes of the name of the Strait based on the old maps of Korea, Japan, and Western countries, which were produced between the 16th century and early 20th century. Maps used for analysis are Korean maps owned by libraries and museums and 74 Japanese maps from <Map of Eight Provinces of Korea> produced in 1747 to <Map of Korea> in 1941.
  • Important-Straits-Of-The-World

    Important-Straits-Of-The-World

    IMPORTANT STRAITS OF THE WORLD 2020 IASGRAM WWW.IASGRAM.IN 1 IASGRAM Bab-el-Mandeb The Bab-el-Mandebis a strait located between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden. The Bab-el-Mandeb acts as a strategic link between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. 2 IASGRAM Bass Strait: Bass Strait is a sea strait separating Tasmania from the Australian mainland, specifically the state of Victoria. There are over 50 islands in Bass Strait. Major islands include: King Island Three Hummock Island Hunter Island Robbins Island 3 civilmentors.com Bering Strait: The Bering Strait is a strait of the Pacific, which separates Russia and the United States slightly south of the Arctic Circle at about 65° 40' N latitude. The eastern coast belongs to the U.S. state of Alaska. The western coast belongs to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, a federal subject of Russia. 4 civilmentors.com Bosporus strait: The Bosporus also known as the Strait of Istanbul, is a narrow, natural strait .It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and divides Turkey by separating Anatolia from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, the Bosporus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and, by extension via the Dardanelles, the Aegean and Mediterranean seas. 5 civilmentors.com Cook Strait: Cook Strait is a strait that separates the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
  • Dover Strait Implementation Plan

    Dover Strait Implementation Plan

    Final report 2014 Dover Strait Implementation Plan Dover Strait Implementation Plan Contents Introduction p. 2 Area covered by the plan p. 2 Vision for Dover Strait p. 3 Key areas for action p. 5 The opportunity to act in a collaborative way p. 6 A rich natural and cultural heritage p. 12 Climate change and the development of a sustainable transport corridor p. 18 1 Cover image supplied by LUC. Introduction This document represents the shared vision of Pas-de-Calais Council and Kent County Council for the maritime and coastal area known as Dover Strait or Pas de Calais. It presents a strategic guideline on how that vision may be achieved, through committed joint actions. It has been drawn together based upon experience and knowledge at the local level, combined with exploration of cross border management of straits from across Europe. The actions presented in this document are going to be jointly implemented by Pas-de-Calais County Council and Kent County Council; the two authorities will particularly support relevant actions and projects taken forward by the stakeholders who helped develop the plan. Kent County Council and Pas-de-Calais County Council are involved in the European Straits Initiative (ESI), a partnership of local authorities bordering European Straits. This initiative aims at a better recognition of the straits specificities at European level and at developing cooperation projects and exchange of experiences between the different partners. In this framework, NOSTRA project was approved in 2012 by the INTERREG IV C programme; the aim was to show how a cross-border governance of straits based on an integrated and inclusive approach can improve public policies in respect of biodiversity and natural heritage and can allow sustainable economic development.