Contribution À La Mise En Œuvre D'un Outillage Unifié Pour Faciliter La

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Contribution À La Mise En Œuvre D'un Outillage Unifié Pour Faciliter La Contribution à la mise en œuvre d’un outillage unifié pour faciliter la qualification d’environnements normés Anthony Gelibert To cite this version: Anthony Gelibert. Contribution à la mise en œuvre d’un outillage unifié pour faciliter la qualification d’environnements normés. Informatique [cs]. Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes, 2016. Français. tel-01628886 HAL Id: tel-01628886 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01628886 Submitted on 5 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTE UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : Informatique Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Anthony GELIBERT Thèse dirigée par Ioannis PARISSIS et coencadrée par Denis GENON-CATALOT et Sébastien JEAN préparée au sein du Laboratoire de Conception et d’Intégration des Systèmes (LCIS) dans l'École Doctorale Mathématiques, Sciences et Technologies de l’Information, Informatique (MSTII) Contribution à la mise en œuvre d’un outillage unifié pour faciliter la qualification d’environnements normés Thèse soutenue publiquement le 27 octobre 2016, devant le jury composé de : M. Ioannis PARISSIS Professeur à l’Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble Membre M. Denis GENON-CATALOT Maitre de conférences à l’Université Grenoble Alpes Membre M. Sébastien JEAN Maitre de conférences à l’Université Grenoble Alpes Membre M. Camille SALINESI Professeur à l’Université Paris 1 Rapporteur M. Vincent CHAPURLAT Professeur à l’Institut Mines-Telecom Rapporteur Mme. Laure PETRUCCI Professeur à l’Université Paris 13, Directrice du LIPN Examinateur Remerciements Un doctorat est un cheminement tout autant personnel que collectif. Or, si ce sont bien mes idées qui sont présentées dans ce mémoire, elles n’auraient jamais pu voir le jour sans le concours de toutes les personnes ayant croisé ou partagé ma route durant ces cinq années. Ainsi, mes tout premiers remerciements vont à Cécile, Téo, Lola et Nino. Ils m’ont chaque jour rappelé les raisons de mon engagement dans cette aventure, m’ont aidé à relativiser dans les périodes de doute et supporté dans les périodes difficiles. Je remercie également mes parents : Serge et Rachel, pour leur soutien et leurs conseils. Cela restait définitivement une affaire de « 0 » et de « 1 », je l’ai enfin compris. Lorsque je fais le bilan de ces travaux, je ne peux qu’exprimer ma gratitude à Denis Genon-Catalot et Gérard Santailler. Ces travaux doctoraux ont débuté par leur rencontre et je ne saurais leur témoigner toute la reconnaissance qu’ils méritent pour leur patience et leur engagement à mes côtés durant ces quelques années. J’ai une pensée toute particulière pour Nocosium. Ce fut une fabuleuse aventure et je suis fier d’y avoir contribué. Je tiens à remercier tout particulièrement Sébastien Jean pour tous les travaux menés ensemble depuis mon DUT, pour son soutien indéfectible et l’optimisme forcé qu’il place en toute chose. Je remercie Robert Frattino pour m’avoir aidé à remettre de l’ordre dans ma démarche et mes idées, ce fut un travail salvateur. Je voudrais remercier Ioannis Parissis d’avoir dirigé ces travaux ; les Pr. Ca- mille Salinesi et Vincent Chapurlat d’avoir accepté d’en être les rapporteurs et enfin la Pr. Laure Petrucci de faire partie du jury. Enfin, je remercie tous les amis et collègues ayant croisé ma route que ce soit au LCIS, au sein de Nocosium ou à l’IUT de Valence. Dans le désordre et en en oubliant très certainement (qu’ils me pardonnent) : François, Lionel, Fabien, Nicolas, Jean-Paul, Michel, Amalric, Emmanuel, Julien, Jérémy, Sandrine, Amaury, François, Guillaume, Benjamin, Nathanaël. Au terme de ces travaux doctoraux, ce n’est pas tant le chemin parcouru, mais la voie s’ouvrant maintenant à moi que je regarde. La vie d’un chercheur est une longue route et ce document en est seulement l’un des premiers pavés. Notes préliminaires Les travaux de doctorat présentés dans ce mémoire ont commencé en fin d’année 2011 dans le cadre du dispositif CIFRE (« Conventions Industrielles de Formation par la REcherche » 1), mis en œuvre par l’Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (ANRT), au sein de la société Nocosium [Noc15]. Nocosium était alors une jeune TPE (« Très Petite Entreprise ») de la région lyonnaise, spécialisée dans la réalisation d’environnements confinés médicaux. Ce domaine « métier » précis a donc constitué le champ d’expérimentation principal de ces travaux et ceux-ci se sont nourris de ses besoins. Des difficultés ont malheureusement conduit la société Nocosium à déposer le bilan en début d’année 2016, la liquidation s’étant opérée dans les mois suivants. Ainsi, la vision industrielle exprimée dans ces travaux est celle d’une TPE aujourd’hui éteinte. Malgré cela, les échanges et les prospectives ont de nom- breuses fois confirmé la pertinence et la réalité du besoin identifié. Ainsi, si l’entreprise support de ces recherches est aujourd’hui défunte, les objectifs restent tout à fait d’actualité. 1. Bourse CIFRE N◦289/2011. Résumé long Les blocs chirurgicaux, les laboratoires en biotechnologies et autres salles blanches industrielles sont des lieux critiques abritant des processus complexes et dont la mise en œuvre peut générer de nombreux risques, que ce soit pour l’envi- ronnement, pour les « utilisateurs » ou pour les processus réalisés. Cela conduit inévitablement à un traitement spécifique par le législateur (qu’il soit national ou international) afin d’en encadrer au maximum la conception, la réalisation et l’utilisation. On peut alors clairement employer le terme « d’environnement normé ». Par essence, ces environnements extrêmement complexes requièrent de très nombreuses compétences pour correspondre aux exigences du législateur et aux attentes des utilisateurs. Malheureusement, les personnes et entreprises capables de maitriser cette complexité sont relativement rares et ainsi, tout aussi surprenant que cela puisse paraitre, la conception et réalisation des environne- ments normés diffèrent souvent relativement peu de celle des environnements « classiques ». Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche unifiée visant à faciliter la qualification des environnements normés pour en améliorer la conception générale (safety-by-design). Nous nous inscrivons clairement dans les travaux d’Ingénierie des Exigences (RE), en définissant un cadre de pensée souple et générique, traitant l’environnement dans sa totalité, d’une phase d’analyse préalable pour en appréhender les spécificités, en passant par la qualification de sa conception, pour s’achever par une traçabilité de son fonctionnement. Dans cette approche, nous étudions plus particulièrement les moyens : – de représenter les contextes normatifs des environnements normés sous la forme d’un graphe unique, enrichi de toutes les situations analysées, ceci dans le but d’obtenir une manière efficace et originale de connaitre les contraintes liées à un objectif particulier ; – de représenter la modélisation du contexte normatif d’un environnement normé sous la forme d’un métamodèle initial puis d’une suite d’aspects permettant de modéliser l’environnement final sous forme de « calques » vérifiables successivement. La démarche est illustrée dans cette thèse au travers du domaine des environ- nements confinés médicaux. Après une étude approfondie de ce domaine d’appli- cation, et notamment des conséquences potentielles d’une mauvaise conception, nous présentons l’une de nos expérimentations dans ce contexte particulier. La démarche proposée est toutefois générique et pourrait donc s’appliquer à l’ensemble des environnements normés. Long abstract Operating theatres, biotechnology laboratories and other industrial clean rooms are critical places where complex processes take place, which induce several risks for environment, users or achieved processes. This critical conditions leads the law-maker to consider independently these spaces so as to best control their design, realization and using. Thus these spaces can clearly be called as “standardized environment”. These highly complex environments inherently require multiple skills to meet the law-maker requirements and users expectations. Unfortunately, people and companies able to manage this complexity are relatively rare. Therefore, surprisingly, design and building of standardized environments have very few differences with classical ones. We propose in this thesis a unified approach which aim is to help qualification of standardized environments so as to enhance their general design (safety-by- design). We clearly join Requirements Engineering (RE) works, by defining a flexible and generic way of thinking, considering environment in its entirety, from a preliminary analysis phase, throughout qualification design, reaching the operation traceability. By using this approach, we will concentrate particularly on ways to: – Represent normative context of standardized environment under a single graph, augmented with all analyzed situations, in order to obtain in an efficient and original way the restrictions related to this specific purpose. – Represent normative
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