Sterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, And
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Akers Sterile Drug Products DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, and Quality About the book Sterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, and Quality teaches the basic principles of the development and manufacture of high quality sterile dosage forms. The author has many years of experience in the development and manufacture of sterile dosage forms including solutions, suspensions, ophthalmics and freeze dried products. This book is based on the courses he has delivered for over three decades, to over 3000 participants, and is intended to remain relevant for the indefinite future even as new technologies and new applications of old technologies become common. This is an ideal reference book for those working directly and indirectly with sterile dosage forms, be it product development (formulation, package, process, analytical), manufacturing, quality control, quality assurance, regulatory, purchasing, or project management. This book is also intended as an educational resource Sterile Drug Products for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry, and pharmacy schools, providing basic knowledge and principles in four main areas of sterile product science and technology: • Product development, including formulation, package, and process development. • Manufacturing, including basic teaching on all the primary unit operations involved in the preparation of sterile products and the underlying importance of contamination control and compliance to current good Sterile manufacturing practice. • Quality and regulatory, including the application of good manufacturing practice regulations and guidelines, quality systems, good aseptic processing practices, and unique quality control testing of sterile dosage forms. • Clinical aspects, involving routes of administration, potential clinical hazards, and biopharmaceutical considerations. Drug Products About the author Formulation, Packaging, MiChael J. Akers Ph.D. is Senior Director of Pharmaceutical Research and Development at Baxter BioPharma solutions and leads the Baxter Lyophilization Center of Excellence in Bloomington, Indiana. Dr. Akers received his B.a. degree from Wabash College and Ph.D. degree in Pharmaceutics from the University of Iowa College Manufacturing, and Quality of Pharmacy, and has previously been employed at Searle Laboratories, Alcon Laboratories, the University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, and Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Akers is active in the Parenteral Drug Association and is a Fellow of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. He is Editor-in-Chief of Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, and author or editor of six books, including Parenteral Quality Control: Sterility, Pyrogen, Particulate, and Packaging Integrity Testing, Third Edition, informa healthcare, 2002. Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4LQ, UK 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA www.informahealthcare.com Michael J. Akers fm IHBK072-Akers July 10, 2010 7:17 Trim: 10in× 7in Sterile Drug Products fm IHBK072-Akers July 10, 2010 7:17 Trim: 10in× 7in DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES A Series of Textbooks and Monographs Executive Editor James Swarbrick PharmaceuTech, Inc. Pinehurst, North Carolina Advisory Board Larry L. Augsburger Harry G. Brittain Jennifer B. Dressman University of Maryland Center for Pharmaceutical University of Frankfurt Baltimore, Maryland Physics Milford, New Jersey Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology Frankfurt Robert Gurny Anthony J. Hickey Germany Universite de Geneve University of North Carolina Geneve, Switzerland School of Pharmacy Jeffrey A. Hughes Chapel Hill, North Carolina University of Florida College of Pharmacy Ajaz Hussain Vincent H. L. Lee Gainesville, Florida Sandoz US FDA Center for Drug Princeton, New Jersey Evaluation and Research Joseph W. Polli Los Angeles, California GlaxoSmithKline Kinam Park Research Triangle Park Purdue University Stephen G. Schulman North Carolina West Lafayette University of Florida Indiana Gainesville, Florida Jerome P. Skelly Alexandria, Virginia Yuichi Sugiyama Elizabeth M. Topp University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Geoffrey T. Tucker Peter York University of Sheffield University of Bradford, School of Pharmacy Royal Hallamshire Hospital Bradford, United Kingdom Sheffield, United Kingdom Recent Titles in Series Sterile Drug Products: Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, and Quality, Michael J. Akers Advanced Aseptic Processing Technology, James Agalloco and James Akers Freeze Drying/Lyophilization of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Third Edition, edited by Louis Rey and Joan C. May Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Development, Manufacturing, and Regulation, Second Edition, edited by Stanley H. Nusim Generic Drug Product Development: Specialty Dosage Forms, edited by Leon Shargel and Isadore Kanfer Pharmaceutical Statistics: Practical and Clinical Applications, Fifth Edition, Sanford Bolton and Charles Bon fm IHBK072-Akers July 10, 2010 7:17 Trim: 10in× 7in Sterile Drug Products Formulation, Packaging, Manufacturing, and Quality Michael J. Akers, Ph.D. Baxter BioPharma Solutions Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. fm IHBK072-Akers July 10, 2010 7:17 Trim: 10in× 7in First published in 2010 by Informa Healthcare, Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4LQ, UK. Simultaneously published in the USA by Informa Healthcare, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10017, USA. Informa Healthcare is a trading division of Informa UK Ltd. Registered Office: 37–41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK. Registered in England and Wales number 1072954. C 2010 Informa Healthcare, except as otherwise indicated. No claim to original U.S. Government works. Reprinted material is quoted with permission. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, unless with the prior written permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK, or the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA (http://www.copyright.com/ or telephone 978-750-8400). Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. This book contains information from reputable sources and although reasonable efforts have been made to publish accurate information, the publisher makes no warranties (either express or implied) as to the accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose of the information or advice contained herein. The publisher wishes to make it clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual authors or contributors are their personal views and opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publisher. Any information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use solely by medical professionals strictly as a supplement to the medical professional’s own judgement, knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures, or diagnoses should be independently verified. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as appropriately to advise and treat patients. Save for death or personal injury caused by the publisher’s negligence and to the fullest extent otherwise permitted by law, neither the publisher nor any person engaged or employed by the publisher shall be responsible or liable for any loss, injury or damage caused to any person or property arising in any way from the use of this book. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available on application ISBN-13: 9780849339936 Orders may be sent to: Informa Healthcare, Sheepen Place, Colchester, Essex CO3 3LP, UK Telephone: +44 (0)20 7017 5540 Email: [email protected] Website: http://informahealthcarebooks.com/ For corporate sales please contact: [email protected] For foreign rights please contact: [email protected] For reprint permissions please contact: [email protected] Typeset by Aptara, Delhi, India Printed and bound in the United Kingdom. fm IHBK072-Akers July 10, 2010 7:17 Trim: 10in× 7in Preface This book is based primarily on courses that I taught on the basic principles of sterile dosage formulation, packaging, manufacturing, and quality control and assurance over a span of 35 years. I have basically added written text to the slides that were presented in my courses. So any reader who has participated in one of these courses will likely recognize some of the figures and tables. This book is written, like the course presented, for the