New Downhole Electronics Survive High Temperatures

Field tests are planned in 1981 of geothermal well logging tools equippe~ with the first commercially available electronic microcircuits that operate at 275°C. The high-temperature electronics, under development at Sandia for the past four years, are now available from Teledyne Philbrick, Dedham, Mass. They are an outgrowth of technology developed here to produce radiation-resistant micro• circuits for nuclear weapons. Temperatures in geothermal boreholes typically reach 27 5 °C, greatly limiting the usefulness of conventional oil and gas logging tools, whose electronics do not operate reliably at temperatures above 180°C. "High-temperature circuits have been urgently needed so that borehole logging instruments can be used to assess high• temperature reservoirs," says Tony Ven• eruso, supervisor of Geothermal Tech• nology Division 47 42. " Reliable logging identifies reservoir rock and fluid properties and, thus, the ultimate production potential of geo• thermal reservoirs, planning well com• pletions and production, and preventing thermal and chemical pollution of ground• water." The new electronics employ hybrid thick-film circuits made by printing special resistor, conductor, and dielectric inks onto alumina substrates. After the inks are baked onto the substrates, semiconductors are added and the circuits are hermetically packaged. [ Contz.nued on Page Two]

Dick Claassen PEGGY BONN, an ESA in Geothermal Technology Division 4742, holds the complete electronics package used in the geothermal well temperature tool developed by Sandia . The tool is equipped with electronic Chairman of microcircuits that operate at 275°(. These microcircuits, under development at the labs for the past four years, ore now commercially available. Evaluation Panel

Dick Claassen, Direc• tor of Materials and Process Sciences 5800, was recently named chairman of the Tech• nical Evaluation Panel VOL 33, NO. 2 JANUARY 23, 1981 which advises DOE's Assistant Secretary for SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES • ALBUQUERQUE NM • LIVERMORE CALIF • TONOPAH NEV Defense Programs on classification matters. Gerry Yon as, Director Sand ions Help Decide Where The Money Goes of Pulsed Energy Pro• grams 4200, is a member of the panel Last month the United Way of Greater various activities included visits to the along with other top-ranking scientists Albuquerque began distribution of the agencies, meetings with agency staff, from LANL, LLNL and Oak Ridge. nearly $3 million it collected last year to and panel meetings to work out budget The panel has completed a busy year, the 35 human service agencies that United allocations for individual agencies. Finally, Dick reports, recommending classification Way supports. panel recommendations were made to the policy for the inertial confinement fusion Involved in this process were Sandians UWGA Planning and Allocations Com• program- there is a relationship between Jim Giachino (3416), Otis Cox (3253), mittee which then presented final recom• the fusion program and thermonuclear Luke Heilman (1400) and Frank Gallegos mendations to the United Way's Board of weapons. (3510). They served as volunteer members Directors. "Understanding what is classified and on UWGA Allocation Panels. Each panel Otis Cox summed up reactions of the protecting that information is just as is made up of 12 members who monitor panel members: "I completed my work important as it ever was," Dick says. program and budget information for with a good feeling about United Way. I Dick served on the old AEC Senior several agencies. felt that we had been fair but not Reviewers Committee for classification The panels convened in June and extravagant, that we had put the money starting in 197 4 and has continued the finished their work in December. Their where it could do the most good." work for ERDA and DOE. Am I Just Getting Old Or Am I Really Sick?

If we feel well, we can usually philo• sophically mark off the finished year as "added maturity." If we don't feel well, changing the wall calendar may be a painful reminder that we are getting older. Patterns of illness change, as do our reactions to those illnesses as we grow older. We all know not to expect as much from our bodies at age 70 as we did at 20, but just what can we expect? How do we know which health changes are normal and which could be improved with proper health care? These are some of the things that Dr. Judy Ewing from Sandia Medical will discuss in the third session of th~ series, liNDA ERICKSON (3141) and DAVE PALMER (2145) "Let's Talk About Aging." This session will be given on January 27th from 12:00 to 12:30 p.m. in building 815 (outside the Tech Area). Brown Supervisory Appointments baggers are welcome.

DAVID PALMER to supervisor of estate salesman, share outdoor interests in Hybrid Microelectronics and Packaging hiking and camping. Linda also enjoys Technology Division 2145, effective Jan. 1. sewing and embroidery and has recently Medical Offers Back Class Since joining Sandia six years ago, Dave taken up jazzercise. The Ericksons live m Got a back problem? Learning and has worked primarily on the development southeast Albuqerque. practicing exercises to strengthen your of electronics which will withstand high back, as well as learning how to relax when temperatures; he has also been concerned your back is tense, are keys to a healthy, with the development of hybrid thin films trouble-free back. Back exercises and and surface acoustic wave devices. And Don't Call 'Em LANL relaxation techniques will be taught in a Dave earned his BS in physics from the class sponsored by Sandia Medical and University of Wisconsin and his PhD in Our friends to the north, whom we've all jointly taught by Ann Partridge, physical applied physics from Cal Tech. He and his called LASL (pronounced "lassel") since therapist, and Carl Ginsberg, instructor in wife Susan and their two-year-old son live the beginning, don't want that moniker body awareness. in the NE heights. any more. With the advent of the new The class, which begins February 3, is * * * year, they are the Los Alamos National now open for enrollment. The class meets Laboratory and you can call them that or, Tuesdays and Thursdays for four weeks LINDA ERICKSON to supervisor of to quote from their directive, " ... the Technical Library Processes Division 3141 , from 4:45-5:45 p.m. in the lobby of Laboratory, the Lab, or Los Alamos." It Medical, building 831. Enrollment is effective Jan. 16. also says " ... the acronym LANL will not limited to 15. To register, send your name, A reference librarian at the Labs since be used." Given our national penchant for org. and phone number to Back Class, 1977, Linda earned a BS in biology from acronyms, that may be a tall order . . . 3332-1. the University of Wyoming and an MS in library science from San Jose State University. She is active in the Special Libraries Association and is current chair• Continued from Page One woman of the College, University and Special Library Division of the NM Library Association. New Downhole Electronics Linda and her husbandJim, a local real

Only certain junction field -effect tran• operated for 18 hours at a 7 500-foot depth sistors now exhibit suitable temperature where temperatures reached 240°C and tolerance, although efforts are now under pressures approached 3500 psi. way to improve circuit flexibility by Upcoming field tests will verify per•

Published every other Friday adapting metal-oxide semiconductor field• formance of prototype logging tools effect transistors for high-temperature equipped with Teledyne Philbrick elec• SANDIA NATIONAl lABORATORIES application. Studies are also under way to tronics. These tools will measure tempera• An Equal Opportunity Employer investigate use of alternate semiconductor ture, pressure, flow, and borehole geom• ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO materials, such as gallium phosphide, to etry. Also scheduled for testing is a LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA replace the lower temperature silicon prototype multi-purpose tool which TONOPAH, NEVADA Editorial offices in Albuquerque, N. M. material commonly used. gathers temperature, pressure, flow, and Area 505 844-1053 During development, the new circuits borehole geometry in one assembly. All the FTS 844-1053 ZIP 87185 were operated in the laboratory for more logging tools, which measure about four In Livermore Area 415 422-2447 than 6000 hours at 200°C and 1000 hours feet in length and two inches in diameter, FTS 532-2447 at 275°C. were designed and built by Sandia and john shunny is editor They were then installed in a borehole Gearhart Industries. & temperature logging instrument and tested don graham ass't. editor in a northern New Mexico geothermal Development and commercialization of carl mora & norma taylor write well. The electronics performed for 1}--2 the high-temperature microcircuits is part louis erne does picture work hours at 282°C- the highest operational of DOE's Geothermal Well Technology aided by gers.e martinez temperature for an uncooled, non• Program, set up to reduce geothermal well barry schrader reports livermore. thermally insulated instrument equipped development costs. Sandia Labs manages with active electronics. The package also that program. Supervisory Appointments

TONNI NUNLEY to LIVERMORE section supervisor of 33, LIVERMORE LABORATORIES secretarial trammg VOL NO. 2 JANUARY 23, 1981 (8212-1), effective Jan. 1. Starting as a clerk typist 17 years ago, Labs Woman Retiring Tonni became a divi• sion secretary in 1964 Is Nominated working in 8100, then Carolyn Kramer 8300. Last May she (8313-LOA) was re• moved into a depart• cently nominated for an ment slot in 8200. award as an Outstand• A resident of Tracy most of her life, she ing Young Woman in is married to Larry Nunley, a supervisor in -\merica by the nation• the transportation department at LLNL. wide organization of They have three children- a daughter who that name. She will be lives in Santa Ana, a son who is at the one of those considered University of Alaska, and a second among the 15,000 daughter who is married and lives in women selected for Stockton. They have one grandson. state level honors; later, Tonni serves on the advisory board for 1 0 finalists will be honored nationally. the Tracy Assembly of Rainbow Girls and This month Carolyn takes a one-year lists her other free-time activities as com leave of absence from Sandia for post• collecting, tennis and racquetball. doctoral studies at the Naval Research * * * Laboratory on a National Academy of Science fellowship. CAROL VERITY to She began work at Sandia as an engineer supervisor of the newly in 1973 and, for the past four years, has created Personnel Di• been in the Exploratory Chemistry Di• vision II 8216, effective VISIOn. E. A. "Pat" O'Brion (8161) Jan. 16. Her nomination for Outstanding Young This new division will Woman comes from a former dean at the include Equal Employ• University of Illinois where Carolyn studied ment Opportunity and . . . ceramic engmeenng. Affirmative Action pro• grams, Benefits, and Medical functions. The new supervisor Congratulations started at Sandia Livermore 11 years ago as a library clerk. In 1969 she became a To Russ Wertenberg (8272) and his compositor in the Technical Writing wife, a son, William Russell Brice, Nov. 7. Division and, in 1970, moved to editorial To Tim Dubay (8272) and his wife, a assistant in the same division. Two years son, Aaron Michael, Sept. 16. later Carol was promoted to member of the To Miram Hall (8264) on passing the administrative staff in Technical Publi• California bar examination and being cations. Later, she was Affirmative Action admitted to the bar, Dec. 16. Coordinator and, last year, became co• ordinator of MS and PhD recruiting. Johnny Allen (8264) and Barbara. Carol received her bachelor's in English Papish, married in Reno, Nov. 22 . from the University of Minnesota and a Ted Hebebrand (8262) and Janis King master's in the same field from San Jose (SNLL Guard Service), married in Pleas• State. anton, Nov. 15. Her husband John is manager of the Graham Thomas (8444) and Cynthia Technical Information Divsion library at Bruno, married in Philadelphia, Sept. 27. AI Derby (8264) LLNL. They have resided in Livermore for Marv Kelly (8444) and his wife, a 16 years. daughter, Krystal Marie, Nov. 18. Sympathy They enjoy travel and have made a Betty Dominguez (8264) and Bill La• recent trip to England. Weekends are Paze, married in Lake Tahoe, Dec. 6. To James "Rudy" Grund (8257) on the spent at a vacation home near Carmel. Harold and Ruth Gabriel (LOA 8322), a son, Harold, Jr., Nov. 26. death of his wife in Livermore, Jan. 2. To Pat Gildea (8443) on the death of his To Mac Spivey (8168) on his marriage to mother-in-law in Livermore, Dec. 12. Roselie Coleman in Livermore on Jan. 17 . J.~ Matter of Degree To Harry Lauderbaugh (8461) on the death of his mother in Stockton. Dec. 9. Two Sandia Livermore employees have recently completed degree requirements DID BELA LUGOSI EVER SAY THAT? To Walter Ghio (8152) on the death of Dracula presents a contest between two under the Education Aids Program. They evolutionary options: the ameliorative, pro• his father-in-law in Stockton, Dec. 16. tl1 gressive, Christian congregation, or the social To Glenn Smith (8272) on the death of are Carolyn Kramer (8313) who gained her Darwinian superman in the form of the ultimate parasitic PhD in materials science and engineering degenerate, Count Dracula ... Dracula fantasizes on what his brother in Lodi, Dec. 20, and his could happen were materialism to be as successful in at UC/Davis, and Durwood Green (8413), shaping the moral basis of the human community as it has brother-in-law in Stockton, Jan. 4. a BS in management at U of San been successful in elucidating the physical basis of life. - Massachusetts Review To Mac Spivey (8168) on the death of his Francisco. mother in Memphis, Tenn., Jan. 6. The Labs' Recruiting Edge Sandia's One Year On Campus Program

In today's highly competitive recruiting worked a summer at Sandia about the of academically top-ranked students, Labs' "mature solar program." Sandia's OYOC (One Year On Campus) "I wrote to Sandia for more informa• program gives the Labs an edge in tion," Clement says, "and was invited here attracting qualified people. as a prospective employee. I was impressed Contacted while still an undergraduate with the technical programs and the by one of Sandia's college recruiters (LAB people. The OYOC program was the NEWS, Dec. 5, 1980), the student is frosting on the cake. It took the worry out invited to visit the Labs for additional of earning the master's degree. I didn't interviews. The candidate meets with a h ave to think about money .or a job." number of line organization supervisors After finishing h is BS degree at Cornell, while at Sandia and the "get acquainted" Clement worked nine months here before process starts. If things go well, a job offer starting his master's work at Stanford. He is made and accepted. The student returns was working with Walt on a computer to school to complete bachelor's level work model of central receiver systems. in a scientific field. Following graduation, "It was an exciting program," Clement the OYOC works the summer at Sandia says. "I felt as though I was making a real and starts graduate work in the fall. A contribution. The feeling of satisfaction calendar year is allowed to complete a with my work provided encouragement master's degree. during the many long hours of graduate Sandia pays cost of tuition, fees and study." books and also provides a stipend salary. Clement's after-hours activities include Travel expenses are also paid. After the serious study of the violin-he has a completion of the master's degree, the tutor and practices several hours a day. He graduate returns to Sandia as a member of also enjoys bicycling and tennis. the technical staff. "The fact that Sandia offers a list of KAREN GRUBE (5621 )-"1 didn't feel all alone out select graduate schools which the student there. Sandia support gave meaning to the may attend full time is a definite recruiting course work." advantage," says Duane Hughes, super• vibration, deceleration and the forces on visor of Education and Training Division the nose of the penetrator- to give us a 3521 which administers the education profile of sediment characteristics. In portion of the OYOC program. "Other addition, we're developing a vane-like firms offer support for further academic probe, extended in front of the penetrator, work but usually with strings attached• that will turn and measure torque to give attend classes part time, work part time, us the shear strength of the soil. It will also and the school is usually located in the measure the sediment pore pressure." same city. Karen specialized in the geotechnical "From the student's viewpoint, these phases of civil engineering while attending other offers are attractive. Still, since 1968, UC-Berkeley. She earned her bachelor's 92 of the 128 graduates of the OYOC degree in civil engineering from the program are still with us. That's a very University of Texas. good 7 2% retention rate. Much of our With Chris Dalton advising, Karen attraction reflects the exciting technical tailored her courses at UC-Berkeley to be programs at Sandia plus our geography• applicable to the seabed penetrator prob• the Southwest and living in Albuquerque lem. She used library facilities at Liver• have a definite appeal." more Labs while at Berkeley and visited From the company's viewpoint, the new the Labs as well. OYOC employee is highly qualified in "I didn't feel all alone out there," she those areas of expertise most needed at the says. "Sandia's support gave meaning to Labs- electrical and mechanical engi• the course work. And coming back after CLEMENT CHIANG (4723)-"1 felt as though I was neering, computer science and, more graduation was like coming home." making a real contribution-and the feeling recently, civil engineering and geosciences. Karen's leisure activities include horse• carried me through graduate school." The recent '80 class of OYOCs illustrates back riding and playing the flute. "I also the point. The 19 participants attended love dancing," she says. * * * such schools as Cal Tech, Stanford, KATIE BARHYDT Is performing nu• UC- Berkeley, Purdue and Cornell and all * * * merical analysis for the new large-scale successfully completed on time and re• CLEMENT CHIANG is constructing melt facility used to simulate portions of a turned to Sandia. mathematical models for computer analy• nuclear reactor core melt-down scenario in LAB NEWS talked with four of the sis of solar energy systems in Walt Ned Keltner's Thermal Test and Analysis recent OYOC graduates about their Schimmel's Systems Analysis Division 4723 . Division 1537. The studies are aimed at current job assignments. "We are looking at a solar receiver understanding the severe material inter• design for a parabolic trough," Clement actions caused by having molten core * * * says, "from the overall view of system debris in the reactor cavity region. Katie is KAREN GRUBE is part of a team in efficiency. The emphasis is on cost also working on an analysis and compari• Chris Dalton's Exploratory Systems Divi• effectiveness. How much heat transfers? son of different heat flux measurements for sion 5621 developing instrumentation for How much power is required to pump the Central Receiver Test Facility (the penetrators that will explore the properties fluid? What is the op tim um size for solar "power tower"). She has just begun a of seabed sediment. components? What does it cost to build, heat transfer analysis of glass molds in "We've spent a lot of time," Karen says, operate and maintain? We try to answer support of Sandia's Scientific Glass Lab. "developing the data which we need to these questions and optimize the design." Her analysis may help pinpoint some decide what to measure and how to Clement became interested in solar failures in casting and forming glass measure it. We have to use the body systems while an undergraduate at Cornell. ceramics and may contribute to the design responses of the penetrator-impact shock, He learned from a fellow student who had of new molds. Take Note

Until he retired last month, Corry behavior; time and statistically dependent McDonald was for many years the coordi• failure; matrix and interface effects; nator of Sandia's technology transfer fatigue and toughness. About 130 sci en• program. This program is designed to help tists, representing seven countries, at• industrial organizations and other labs use tended. technology resulting from government• sponsored R&D. Outstanding examples * * * are the laminar flow clean room and the Gerda Krefft ( 5111) reports that 1 0 hot air solder leveler used in the processing women from technical organizations at the of printed circuit boards. Both of these are Labs will participate in conferences en• in use in over a dozen countries as well as in titled "Expanding Your Horizons," whose many companies in this country. A Federal aim is to inform young women in high Laboratories' Consortium (FLC) of over schools concerning engineering and sci en• 180 organizations is involved in technology tific careers. Sponsored by the Network of transfer programs. Corry's successor on the Women in Science & Engineering, the FLC and in our technology transfer conferences are scheduled to run in function is Pat Quigley (2433), telephone February and March at Eastern New Mex• 844-8762 . Please call Pat if you have ico Univ., the College of Santa Fe, UNM, information that should be disseminated to and New Mexico State Univ. industry. * * * * * * The 33rd annual meeting of the Credit Joe Laval (3163) will teach a course in Union will be held onJan. 29 at 5:15p.m. photography in Umbria, Italy, next sum• in the C-Club. Following the business mer while vacationing from Sandia. meeting there will be drawings for the KATIE BARHYDT (1537)-"lt's a very busy time Sponsored by UNM, the course is part of a three cash prizes -$500, $300 and $200. but it's exciting work." four-week art/ photography/ language ses• You don't have to be present to win. sion at the La Romita School of Art. May 1 is enrollment deadline. Call Joe, * * * "It's a very busy time," Katie says, "but 4-6531, for more info. Monday next, the 26th, the colloquium it's exciting work." speaker will discuss "The Promise of Katie is also excited about her new * * * Inorganic Materials as the Construction house, living in Albuquerque and "maybe The Gordon Research Conference on Materials of the Future." He is Anthony getting married." Composites, held Jan. 19-23 in Ventura, Kelly, Vice Chancellor of the Univ. of "The work is demanding, "Katie says, Calif., was chaired this year by Frank Surrey. Note: this colloquium is scheduled "but it is a pleasure after the 80 to 100 Gerstle, supervisor of Composite Materials for 9 a.m. On Feb. 4 Stephan Jacobsen of hours a week I spent at Cal Tech on course Division 5814. The conference brings the Center for Biomedical Design at the work. They grade on the curve- every together materials scientists, polymer Univ. of Utah is the colloquium speaker. class - and it was very competitive. Thanks chemists and engineering mechanicians to His presentation is entitled "On the Design to OYOC I could concentrate on school discuss recent research on composite ma• of Systems to Replace Lost Human without worrying about anything else. It · terials. All speakers are invited, and all Functions." was a very comfortable scholarship." presentations are off-the-record. Frank's * * * * * * program emphasized ultimate materials The American Lung Assn. of New STEVE GONZALES came to Sandia as Mexico is sponsoring a stop smoking clinic. projects around the house." He's looking the result of a chance meeting with Randy It begins Feb. 10, runs one evening a week forward to the time when he can return to Maydew (5630) on an airliner between San for six weeks. Cost is $30 and the clinic is his camping and backpacking interests. Diego and Phoenix. Steve was returning to limited to 30 people. Contact Ray Moody, Northern Arizona University after inter• 265-0732 . viewing for a job in San Diego. * * * "We casually talked about the weather, basketball and finally business," Steve says. Bob Grover of Advanced Energy Proj• "Randy asked me to apply at Sandia. I ects Division 4 715 is the guest speaker at wrote a letter to Personnel and was invited the next ASME meeting. He will discuss to visit the Labs. I liked it here right developments in Sandia's wind energy away-the people and the work. Of all the programs at the Kirtland Officers Club• places interviewed, Sandia seemed genu• West, 7:30p.m. on Thursday, Jan. 29. A inely interested in me as an individual and baron of beef buffet will be served at 6:30 I was most comfortable here." p.m. Cost is $5.95. Additional information Steve is performing theoretical analysis can be obtained by calling Vern Romes• to determine the response of reentry berg on 4-2187. vehicle heat shields in the reentry environ• ment. He's in Sam McAlees' Aerothermo• Sympathy dynamics Division 5633 . Steve is com• puting vehicle pressure and heat transfer ToJim Armijo (3432) andJimJr. (3618) rate distributions, ablation and in -depth on the death of their wife and mother on temperature profiles. The work applies to Dec. 4. the Advanced Exploratory Development To Warren Taylor (2551) on the death Department's reimbursable reentry vehicle of his father in Albuquerque, Jan. 2. programs. To John Murray (1473) on the death of At UC- Berkeley, Steve specialized in his mother-in-law in Albuquerque, Jan. 8. heat transfer and fluid dynamics. His To Eddy Rael (1482) on the death of his daughter was born while he was attending father in Albuquerque, Dec. 22. graduate school, and now he's involved STEVE GONZALES (5633)-"0f all the places I . interviewed, Sandia seemed genuinely inter• To Perfecto (3615) and John Romero with his new family and new home. ested in me as an individual, and I was most (3426) on the death of their brother in "Lots of chores," he says, "lots of comfortable here." Albuquerque, Jan. 2. Fun&Games

Bowhng-February and March tourna• Retiring ment dates for SBA have been changed. On March 7 and 8, a four-game, no tap tournament with low game thrown out is scheduled. The last fun tournament is set for April 4 and 5. Flyers and entry forms will be mailed to members. Dan Puetz, 4-8017, is the contact. * * * Ski£ng-The snow drought has prompted one group of dedicated types (those who bought season passes) to propose a human sacrifice. Volunteers should drop by the LAB NEWS office to insure adequate press coverage. Meanwhile, the NM Ski Touring Club heads by bus for Leadville, Colo., Feb. 13 to 16. Kathie Hiebert (5642), 4-3538, is the contact. The Club has another bus Fred Bentz (3713) Erwin Borkowski (37 43) Ruth Randolph (3733) planned for Crested Butte, March 26 to 29. * * * Theater-Stephen Levi's play, Angel on My Shoulder, is the next offering of the Que Pasa Rec Center on Base, and it will be presented Tuesday next, Jan. 27, at 8 p.m. at the Rec Center Annex, Bldg. 485 (west side). You can get the $3 tickets at Que Pasa, Bldg. 20155. Champagne IS promised during intermissions. Events Calendar Jan. 24-Pops Concert, pianist Peter Nero, Kiva Auditorium, Convention Center, 8 p .m. Jan. 24-25 - Albuquerque Children's Herbert Gentry (3618) Verne Christy (3442) Floyd Forsythe (5636) Theater, "Puss In Boots," 1:30 & 3:30 p.m., Popejoy. jan. 25-St. Paul's Day, dances, Picuris Pueblo. Jan. 26-Cultural Entertainment Series: "Dancin'," 8:15p.m., Popejoy. jan. 30-Feb. 15 - Albuquerque Little Theatre, "Broken Up"; performance schedule:T-W-T-F, 8 p.m.; Sat. 6 & 9 p.m., Sun. 2 & 8 p.m., 242-4750. jan. 30-Lobo Basketball: San Diego State; jan. 31-Hawaii, 7:35 p.m., UNM Arena. Metropolitan Opera Radio broadcasts: KHFM-96.3 FM, KZIA-1580 AM, 12 noon: jan. 31 - Wagner's "Tristan and Isolde" John Budlong (1721) Judy Hall (1 000) Jim Vincent (3611) 1981 Holidays Sandians will observe the fol• lowing 1981 holidays. Memorial Day ... Monday, May 25 Independence Day ...... Friday, July 3 Labor Day ...... Monday, Sept. 7 Thanksgiving ...... Thursday, Nov. 26 Christmas and New Year Shutdown ...... Friday, Dec. 25 through Friday, Jan. 1 Energy Conservation Day will be announced prior to Oct. 1 . Bob Reineke (4745) Thomas Crawley (1583) Marian Goddard (1522) Retiree Deaths J'VIyFavorite October- December 1980

Gustav Brockmoller (7 0) Oct. 11 Rafael Montoya (69) Oct. 18 Edith Duffy (71) Oct. 19 Toke Harshman (80) Oct. 22 Bob Chesnut (83) Oct. 13 John Hobart (63) Oct. 26 Lowell Stouder (71) Nov. 7 Willard Scranton (66) Nov. 2 Hallie Tankersley (70) Nov. 11 JamesSchenck(77) Nov. 14 Carrie Vick (80) Nov. 19 Elizabeth Reese (70) Nov. 25 Henri Guerin (71) Dec. 16 TODAY when I see pictures of wheat and groin harvesters and their huge rigs going from form to farm, I Dean Wise (73) Dec. 22 recall this photo from around 1910 which shows an early grain harvesting operation. My Dad (Arthur Homer Messenger (66) Dec. 22 Arning) appears under the arrow. The cool-burning, steam tractor with huge metal wheels would pull the Maude Buchanan (78) Dec. 27 threshing equipment to a site, leather belts would be hooked up, and the operation would get under way, Solomon Jaramillo ( 81) Dec. 30 incredibly smoky, dusty and noisy. Dad homesteaded in Logan, N.M., in 1902, later moved to the Springer area where this picture was taken. (Charles Arning-2451) Rosemary Teasdale (61) Dec. 31

JUNK•GOODIES•TRASH•ANTIQUES•KLUNKERS•CREAM PUFFS•HOUSES•HOVELS•LOST•FOUND•WANTED•& THINGSi.

KAWAI ORGAN w/2 manuals, pedals, O'KEEFE & MERRITT elec. range $1300. Kish, 298-7090. garage, Westgate Heights new ad• entertainer section w/12 rhythms, w/dbl. oven, lower oven is self 17' POWERCAT boat, 165 HP inboard/ dition. McClure, 255-4901. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING revolving speaker, bench, $850; cleaning, white. Stoever. 296-3717. outboard, new full canvas. tandem 19 cu. ft. refrig. w/freezer, $75. DELUXE PLAYPEN, 40"x40" w/pad, trailer, $2500. Tobyas, Bn-0354 after Deadline: Friday noon prior to week Parsons, 298-3053. $35; Kantwet travelcrib w/zip top 6. WANTED of publication unless changed by .holi• GARAGE SALE: wood lathe, Shopvac, & casters. $20; Casco cradelette, 70 FORD pickup, 68,000 miles, 'h ton, day. Mail to: Div. 3162 (M0125l. tire chains, lumber, toys, games, $6. Stephenson, 296·li33Q. over-cab frame, snow tires, new much more; 7105 Lantern NE, Jan. FENDER-Rhodes "Seventy-Three" hoses, AT. $1275. Steele. Bn-1225. RULES 23-24. Stevens. 884-7984. elec. piano, $700. O'Brien, 293-6645. '80 YAMAHA Special 400, plexiglass ANYONE interested in obtaining group BANJO, Orne single X w/case, Keith LADY KENMORE convertible dish• fairing & windshield, 55 mpg, less rates at the Nautilus Fitness Center. 1. Limit 20 words. tuners. strap. Downs, 293-9320. washer. walnut cutting board top, than 2000 miles. black. many Rivard, 296-9151. 2. One ad per issue per category. FULL SIZE MATTRESS. box spring $420 new, now $225. Turman. 298- chrome features, $1695 or best offer. BOARDING FOR CAT (altered male, 3. Submit in writing. No phone-ins. & frame, $35; fireplace screen w/ 3460. Montoya. 836-6301. 18 mos.) in caring home environ• 4. Us'e home telephone numbers. andirons, 39"x26", $25. Zucuskie, '69 CHEV. window van, 4-spd., posi• ment for up to several months. 5. For active and retired Sandians and KING ;ize oak bedroom set: 2 nite 881-4086. stands, triple dresser w/mirror. traction, 6-cyl.. 17 mpg, 8-pass .• Kupferman, 299-7453. DOE employees. CAMERA. Nikonos II 35mm. retails headboard, frame & box springs, HD springs & shocks, carpeted, DOUBLE HAY feeder for livestock. 6. No commercial ads, plea~;e. for $342.95, sell for $275. Marquez, new engine, $1200. Baxter. 344-7601. Type: two half barrels w/overhead 7. No more than two insertions of $500. Riley, 821-6431. 344-8455. CRIB, ·dbl. dropside, mattress. linens, 74 VW deluxe campmobile. sleeps Vee rack for hay. Brown, 281-3608. same ad. KUSTOM 200 watt amplifier, Fender 4-5, gas stove, refrig .• many extras. BOOK LOST: Will the person who 8. Include name & organization. pads, $100; infant seat, $5; potty telecaster, Univox bass, all for $700. 44K miles, 22 mpg hwy., $4100. borrowed the book Msster Photog• 9. Housing listed here for rent or sale chair. $3.50; colorful plastic blocks, LaFarge, 299-0929. Keltner. 298-7888. rsphy from Charles Karnes please is a,vailable for occupancy without $2.50. Bennett, 298-1142. SKIS, Fischer 707 fiberglass w/Marker 71 PONTIAC Catalina. 4-dr., AC, PB, return it or call 884-8674. regard to race, creed, color, or LOUNGE CHAIR, recliner. over• bindings. used twice, $75; Garrard PS, $850. Romero. 299-5189. EXERCYCLE, preferably w/timer; oar• national origin. stuffed, brown vinyl upholstery, turntable-belt drive, cartridge & $75. Harrison, 255-7978. '64 CHRYSLER Imperial, 4-dr.. one den hose, any length up to 150'. needle, never used, $80. Farnsworth, TABLE. 2 chairs. solid oak, $95; 2 end owner, $1200 firm. Campbell, 255- Underhill, 294-8n4 after 6. 865-6160. tables, 1 round, 1 oblong. $95 both; 4271 after 5:30. SKI RACK. cheap. Baxter. 344-7601. CAMPER SHELL FOR full size LWB, Zenith color TV. $195. DeHaan, 76 MONTE CARLO. PS, PB, AC, tilt SNOWSHOES & Ford 16.5" 8-hole smoked bubble type windows, $275. 266-7120. steering. power door locks & win• truck wheel; 600x16 or 650x16 tires Nelson, 881-0148. SECTIONAL COUCH, 8-piece & 2 otto• dows. silver, Landau roof, radials. & tubes. Bauhs. 281-2688. MISCELLANEOUS DAY BED: sofa converts to twin beds, mans, beige, $300. Sasser. 268-1465. under 38.000 miles. $3400. Johnson, The World Science Fiction Convention new upholstery, newly recovered SHOTGUN, Winchester Model 1897, 884-8670. will be held in Sept. at Denver; mattresses, lt. beige, $250. Ruvolo, 12 gauge, pump, $200. Jacobs, 881- '68 DODGE Coronet stn. wgn .. 273 VB. anyone intersted in going please call FORD fiberglass campershell, white, 296-1316. 9261. AT, PS, PB, complete maintenance Barbera, 299-6045. LWB, sliding windows. tinted glass, NEW chrome commode for sickroom, TIME-LIFE Nature Series books. 24 record, $600 or best offer. Wiczer. $450. Hoover. 821-0876. ANCHOR SMALL BOAT. Morrisett. frame will fit over toilet seat for vols .. $50. Marder, 268-9643. 296-4496. STEREO, smaller advent speakers, 294-4086. safety, $30. Arnold, 898-1467. OVEN BROILER, self cleaning, Toast• 76 AMC Matador stn. wgn .. PS, PB. dual turntable, Sherwood receiver, GOING to NEW ORLEANS April 3. SEARS Kenmore clothes washer. master. $30; FP glass door, front AC. AhTo, recent valve job. $1300 $185; Akai GXM-50 metal cassette return April 17. Would like rider portable on rollers. has hook-ups & fan operated heat dispenser. or best offer. Wallace, 296-6556. deck, $225. Warren, 265-6822. to share expenses. Woodson. 255- for sink or permanent installation; offer. Liguori. 256-3613. BICYCLES: boy's 24" 10-spd., $35; KODAK Colorburst 50 Instant Picture 5948. 8000 BTU AC; port. dishwasher. BURL clocks: one redwood, one buck• boy's high-rise, needs work, $10. camera, $15; Singer sewing machine CHILD'S CAR SEAT. Noel, 884-4491 . Mowry, 292-1527. eye, quartz movement, battery Madden. 296-1082. w/c;~binet, buttonhole attachment, TREES to cut down for firewood, 5-PIECE DINETTE w/2' extension, $75; operated. Hesch, 881-9874. 74 CORVETTE T-top. AC. black in• $75. Simons, 821-9343. Chinese elm preferred, no willows. bar w/5 stools, glass top, brass STEREO, Sears compact, AM/FM, terior, T/A radials, luggage rack. HEAVY DUTY clamp-on brackets for John, 265-1620. rail, casters, best offer. Baldonado, S-track play/record, record changer, Perryman. 294-6113. Toyctta truck, but fit wide bed style, HELP PLEASE I Responsible gentleman 821-5016. microphones, 9'hw x 17h bookshelf 79 YAM AHA 650 Special. black & $25 set of four. Horner, 821 -0099. with teenager seeks quiet, inex• SYNTHESIZER, Roland SH1000, $290. speakers, $80; S-track 32-slot chrome, 9000 miles, $1800. Lyons. GOLF CLUBS, Patty Berg, 3 woods, pensive rental soon, prefer 1-3 bdr .• Stephenson, 299-3914. carousel, $10. Conley, 296-0695. 296-8866. 8 irons ( 3thru pitching wedge). new, furnished, near campus. Dodson, BICYCLE, Rampar motocross, 20", 8' CABOVER CAMPER. ice box, oven, YAMAHA 175cc cycle, runs some• never used. Michele, 298-8576 after 281-2649. $70. Lobitz, 821-1509. sleeps 4, jacks, $950; single quarter• times, $125. Shunny, 265-1620. 5. TIRES, used 15" standard. radial & LOVESEAT/matching chair. tweed, horse trailer. $100. Gorman, 898- 72 AMC Gremlin. 304 VB std. trans .• SHOTGUN, Winchester model 101, snow tires. Burton, 869-2541 . $150 or best offer. Helling, 293-2528 9300. $450. Moss, 299-6573. over/under, 12 gauge, skeet 11 & FEMALE nonsmoking roommate to or 345-0678. PORT. video recorder/extra battery 79 VW Rabbit, 4-spd., AC, AM-FM 12. Kamen, 299-8881. HUBCAPS, 1965 Corvair Corsa. set of stereo cassette, 21,900 miles. $5300. share 2-bdr. apt. in NE hts. Brad• color video camera, electronic view ford, 292-3882. WOOD BURNING STOVE, princess four, $15. Abel, 296-6089. Harris, 821-8524. finder, microphone for camera. BOOK, paperback copy of "Young style Shrader brand, free standing, HIDEABED, 3-yr.-old, Herculon. red BICYCLE, Ladies' 10-spd. Schwinn tuner, power supply, charger unit, Renny" by Mazo de Ia Roche. 1 yr. old, $475. Wilson, 299-3046. plaid, never used, queen mattress, suburban, $100. Reed, 884-8145. $1195. Galbraith, 293-4786. Easton. 256-n17. SKIS, Hart 100's, $30; 110's $30; ski cash. trade or both. Nation, 299- 71 MONTE CARLO VB. AT, PS. PB, boots. Ricker size 1 'h, $5, San DWELL TACHOMETER. Heath CM- ROSSIGNOL 550 skis, 175 or 180 em. 9213. 1073, std. ignitions, high-low tach- AC, vinyl roof, bucket seats, radio, Mar<:o size 3. $5; tricycle, $10; Souder, 281-3121. MAMIYA RB67, complete camera sys• 4. 6 or 8 cyl.. voltmeter, manual, $1075. Zurawski. 268-9511 after 6. 2 motorcycle helmets. $8, $10. Dix• tem. Burd, 884-9133. 79 BLAZER 4x4 Cheyenne, AC. lock• POLAROID CAMERA model 180 or son, 298-5617. kit. $37, sell for $25. Dippold. 821- 195; Brooks veriwide camera; Wol• 8'/o FT. cabover camper, $400. Padilla, 5750. out hubs. chrome spoke 12x15 tires, SINGLE BED, Englander w/head• lensak 35mm stereo camera; Zeiss 296-5048 after 5. SMITH & WESSON 39, nickel, 9mm, many extras, 17,000 miles. $6650. board, mattress pad, $70. Merritt. SUIT OF ARMOR, $100; GE stove, Pacheco. 898-7695. super lkonta C; Voigtlander Bessa 884-8487. auto.. new. $280; Remington 788 II. Mattox, 821-3945. $175; 12-gauge pump shotgun; 2 rifle, .308 w/scope & ammo, $185. RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE. guitars; loveseat; recliner, $75 each. NEED trailer hitch for Type 1 VW bug, com1)lete w/transmitter, receiver. Haaker. 293-1on. 1969 or 1970. Randle, 867-2668. Terrell-Benton. 299-3843. KING SIZE headboard, dark wood, etc.; partially complete littlestick. GUITAR. Yamaha, student size, w/ misc. other RC items; Obrien water $15; wrought iron fp screen & grate, REAL ESTATE hard case, $50. Zaffery, 294-6768. $25. Ezell, 821-1768. skis. Fisher, 881-8072. TOW BAR, HD, $50; air hose, 300 psi STEEL DESK, 45x18 formica top, 2- ANTIQUE "fainting couch," gold; com• w/fittings, 'h" I. D. , about 43', $25. 5 ACRES at Placitas. power & tele• drawer file cabinet. Grant. 255-6105. plete set 1976 Ford passenger car Case. 299-3959. phone lines nearby. Gonzales, 867- TELEPHONE RECORDER. Radio shop repair manuals. Lukens, 299- WORK WANTED SKIS, Skitique 170 em, cable bindings, 1271 . 2897. Shack duofone II w/instruction 99cm poles, $25; boots, Nordica 2-bdr. on 2.1 acres in Sandia Knolls. book, $40. Moody, 281-3466. PIANO. Gulbranson upright, $500. 6'/o. 1 piece laminated, $50. Coalson, Smith, 281-3430 after 5. BRICK & MASONRY JOBS, estimates LOOM, redwood custom built, weaves Esterly, 881 -1973. 298-0061. RESIDENTIAL LOT in Lake Havasu, given. Mike Rogers, student, 344- up to 45". bench & accessories. RAMPAR B.M.X. frame, rims & fork. Ariz. Noel, 884-4491. 9991 or 256-0066. disassembles for easy moving. $600. Easterling, 298-7083. 3 ACRES, cultivated, irrigated. near Schuetz. 881-m2. TRAILER HITCH, Valley Tow-Rite bolt• 4 EA. 14" Datsun rims; 1014' overhead TRANSPORTATION route 47, 6 miles south of Valencia, on, Class II, plus receiver w/ball easy terms. REC. Burton, 869-2541. cam1>er, $400. Padilla, Bn-2116. mount & 2" ball, $150. Erne, 299- SHARE-A-RIDE BEIGE DIVAN. 90" long, reversible 73 SAHARA mobile home, 12'x52', 0565. 79 HARLEY DAVIDSON FXS-80, 800 1-bdr., $6000, located in Aztec Vil• back & seat cushions, $150; green HO TRAIN SET. engine, cars, trans• miles, $5200 or best offer. Chiara• A FEW MORE van poolers from Mori· loveseat, 54" long, reversible back lage MHP. Chemistruck, 299-7563 former, self-storing plywood board, monte, 292-8824, 298-4353. after 5. arty-Edgewood--TiJeras area, con• & seat cushions, $75. Hobbs, 268- some buildings, $50. Schaedla, 898- 72 MALIBU 4-dr. HTstd. 350 VB, AT 6461. ASSUME 8% loan w/moderate down, tact Hansche, 281-5623 or Dungan, 9210. AC, PS, 37,000 miles, reg. gas, $51 ,900, 3-bdr .. 1% bath, single car 281-3862. Coronado Club Activities

Superbowl Sunday Set Jan. 25

TONIGHT at Happy Hour is a sit-down special dinner starting at 6 p .m. featuring a choice of prime rib, king crab or shrimp for $7 .50. Use your calendar discount ticket. No reservations will be taken. On the bandstand, the Scotsmen will make the dancing music while Happy Hour prices (cheap) prevail. Hors d'oeuvres will be available in the dining room and the main lounge.

SUPERBOWL SUNDAY starts at noon Jan. 25 at the Club with Happy Hour prices in effect, a giant TV screen imported for the occasion and bowls of green chili. Admission is $1 . 50. Live it up among friends. RETIRED SANDIAN CHARLIE STUART (left) is a long-time member of the Labs Rifle and Pistol Association as is Dave Overmier (right). president of the group. Linda Hobart and K. K. Ma (center) are newer members HAPPY HOUR on Friday, Jan. 30, sees but have already begun to rack up individual and team awards. the Country Showmen on the bandstand, a singer I guitar player called Scooter Go For Fun: Shooting Vaughn entertaining in the lounge and barbeque ribs and beef on the buffet menu. Call the Club office, 265-6791, by mid-week for reservations. On Friday, Feb. 6, retirees and senior citizens get a break Join the Labs' Rifle & Pistol Club on a special Chateaubriand with mush• room sauce for $5.50. The rest of us can [Ed. Note: Th£s is another £n the LAB with rifle or pistol is part of our history use the calendar discount ticket and get the NEWS series of articles describing recre• and, as a sport learned through necessity, same price. Again, make reservations by ational programs now offered to employees the activity was enjoyed by the early mid-week. A variety group called the under the Labs' Reaction Program.] Americans. In pioneer days, almost any Del-Fives play for dancing. gathering of people produced a session of The tradition of competitive shooting target practice or a shooting match. TRAVEL DIRECTOR Frank Biggs Today, shooting is organized and much (4231) announces a four-day economy bus of the competition is on a national basis. tour to Las Vegas on May 24-27. The price of Hoover Dam and discounts on shows The Sandia Labs Rifle and Pistol Associ• is $132 and includes transportation, three and meals. Pay a deposit of $50 at signup, ation has been in existence for 14 years and nights at the Maxim Hotel on the Strip, the remainder is due April 6. A pre-trip competes against shooters representing snacks and refreshments on the bus, a tour meeting is set for 7:30p.m. , April 28. other firms in national postal matches. Frank is also working on a charter bus Co-sponsored by the National Industrial trip to Chaco Canyon for April 25 . Det?-ils Recreation Association (NIRA) and the will be announced later. National Rifle Association (NRA), the WIND-UP In the meantime, consider Disneyland postal matches are conducted by each club on April14-18, Puerto Vallarta May 5-12, under set conditions, and the targets are or MazatlanJune 1-8. Frank will be in the then mailed to NRA-thus the name postal with more Club lobby tonight between 6 and 7 with matches. Over the years, Sandia shooters $ $ $ details. have won many awards; the pistol teams, in your pocket both .22 and airgun, have been especially UPCOMING EVENTS-Variety Night successful. Last year first-year-shooter on Saturday, Feb . 7, with live entertain• Linda Hobart (wife of Tom 1481) placed ment and movie. It's a family event with first nationally in the women's air pistol supper selections available and no ad• match. mission. New members are welcome- both A Valentine's Day dinner-dance is set novice and experienced shooters. Good Saturday, Feb. 14. Prime rib is the entree. shooting takes practice and concentration, A group called "Lawyers, Guns & Money" but a casual practitioner can still enjoy the will play for dancing. The publicity blurb game. The Club is currently signing up reads "LG&M is a five-piece progressive shooters for the 1981 postal matches. Western group consisting of attorneys at Airgun practice is scheduled at the law." Ticket deadline is Feb. 7. Coronado Club. For those who don't own equipment, the club has a number of airguns, and new shooters will find Congratulations coaching and advice available. for carpooling info Besides target shooting, the club offers Caii4-RIDE ToJim Harrison (4311) and Judy Hatch basic training classes to women in handgun on their marriage, Dec. 24. shooting. To Ken Bell (4713) and his wife Diana, a For more information, contact Dave son, Steven Michael, Jan. 5. Overmier (1585) or K. K. Ma (2331). CAUGHT IN THE ACT-At the Army's ordnance facility in Yuma, Sandia blast of a mobile gun. This supplement to LAB NEWS catalogs the complete livermore photographers from Photography Section 8413-1 took this range of technical accomplishments by the Labs in 1980. ex1Taordinary picture last year of a W79 projectile emerging from the muzzle

SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT

VOL. 33, NO. 2A JANUARY 23, 1981

SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES • ALBUQUERQUE NEW MEXICO • LIVERMORE CALIFORNIA • TONOPAH NEVADA

With this special supplement, distributed only within the Labs, LAB NEWS introduces a new feature which we plan to carry with the Technical advent of each new year. Technical Accomplishments 1980 has a two-fold objective: to document in one place, unclassified, the principal technical accomplishments of the Labs for the year just past; secondly, to inform Sandians of-what the other Sandi an is doing. In a Accomplishments laboratory with interests as far ranging as those of Sandia, many if not most of us have scant knowledge of what's going on beyond our own organization. The accomplishments given here have been submitted by technical deparment managers in Albuquerque, Livermore, and Tonopah. 1980 The department or origin is given in parentheses following each item. No attempt has been made to rank the items. Weapons

•The SWERVE II flight test was con• ducted successfully in September 1980. This is a highly maneuverable, inertially guided reentry vehicle designed to fly IRBM ranges. It has a number of potential applications. ( 5620) •We developed a parallel SIT AN (Sandia Inertial Terrain-Aided Navigator) which uses a parallel Kalman filter scheme to process radar altimeter measurements and topographic data to improve the accuracy of an inertial navigation system. Improving the accuracy of navigation systems is currently of active interest in both our strategic and tactical missile defense systems. This parallel processing scheme extends previous SITAN work at Sandia by providing a high degree of navigation accuracy even when the initial navigator position errors are large. (5620) •Aluminum-4 wt. pet. magnesium alloys have been produced which contain from 15 to 40 wt. pet. boron carbide particles uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix. This process, called compocasting, has been SWERVE II, a highly maneuverable, developed as an alternative method to inertially guided RV developed in produce multiphase materials. Applications Dept. 5620, was successfully flight would include neutron shields, wear• tested in a STRYPI VIII-R rocket last resistant layers, and penetration resistant September. Here test engineers from sections. (5830) Org. 1500 ready vehicle for launch at •Joint programs with industry and with Pacific Missile Range Facility in Y -12 are currently underway to transfer into Hawaii. Launch photo was taken by application the results gained from the Gene Moore {3153). Sandia characterization of the vacuum consumable arc remelt process. Application of this technology can result in quality enhancement and significant cost savings. (5830) •The Primary Standards Laboratory per• •A patent application has been made for formed over 2700 calibrations, 16 surveys, a method and a device to control electrode and 80 technical audits in support of the gap during vacuum consumable arc re• DOE/ ALO production complex. This was melting. The device incorporates a micro• part of the job assigned to Sandia by processor and is capable of adjusting furnace DOE/ ALO and embodied in AL Chapter parameters based on real-time measure• 72XF. (2550) ments. Control of electrode gap is important •We completed design of the W80-1 and compatibility and can be used to insure This device offers significantly increased because this parameter is related to the W80-0 common warhead for the Air• compatibility on future applications. (4320) abnormal environment bypass resistance partition of heat from the vacuum arc. The Launched Cruise Missile and Sea-Launched •Phase 4, production engineering, was and improved reliability at less than one-half vacuum arc remelt process is used ex• Cruise Missile. All component designs and authorized for the W85 airburst/ surface the cost of present strong links. Every tensively for production of exotic alloys. system design for the W80-1 have been burst warhead under development for the weapon requires strong link safing of some Enhanced product uniformity through released for production. We completed five Army's new Pershing II weapon system. kind. This device has the potential for use in better process control is expected. (5830) W80/ cruise missile flight tests, four air• Significant cost savings are being realized most new weapon systems as well as some •Significant progress in special material launched cruise missile (ALCM), and one through the use of major components currently being developed. (2320) technology and processing techniques has ship-launched cruise missile (SLCM) flights. developed for the B61-3 and -4. (4310) •An in-depth study of the high pressure led to demonstration of a virtually weight• (4340) •Activities for improvement of stockpiled response of beryllium was accomplished at less tamper detection system for use in •Seven full-scale earth penetrator (EP) weapons continued through -1980. Ad• the Sandia Powder Gun Facility to investi• nuclear weapon protective systems of the tests were successfully conducted into solid ditional feasibility studies were conducted on gate whether a phase transition occurred in future. This development will provide an rock targets at Sandia's Tonopah Test several of the older stockpiled weapons to beryllium under shock loading, as previously important degree of flexibility in future Range in Nevada. These tests, the first ever determine optimal methods of improving proposed at LLNL, and also if the shear designs requiring secure volumes. ( 4360) of a weaponized penetrator design into rock, on nuclear detonation safety and command strength of beryllium varies with shock •An evaluation of the use of titanium for have validated a weaponized structural and control. Engineering development was pressure. This study will result in an arming, fuzing, and firing system structures design approach for future EP nuclear also continued on the B28 and B61 bombs to improved model for predicting the high was completed . By replacing stainless steel weapons. A nuclear EP would be a highly define retrofit hardware for improved pressure dynamic response of beryllium, support structures with titanium, significant effective weapon system against crater nuclear detonation safety and command and which is necessary for assessing the perform• weight savings, higher strength, and greater sensitive targets where minimizing collateral control. ( 431 0) ance of different weapon systems. (5530) corrosion resistance can be obtained. Re• damage is an important consideration. •The FY -80 production quantity of • A transient heating facility has been entry vehicle systems that must strive for (4340) B61-3 and -4 bombs was accomplished on developed to heat conductive samples by minimum weight can be reduced one to two •An electronic device called the bomb schedule (4310) resistive heating using capacitor discharge to lbs. by substituting titanium for stainless interface simulator (BIS), which is capable • A neutron detector has been developed allow uniform, rapid heating of metal and steel. ( 4363) of being mated to modern US and NATO which uses a commercially available, metal-oxide samples. This provides an •We developed a feasible concept for the nuclear capable aircraft, can simulate the large-area photodiode and a proton radi• accurate data base for developing dynamic control of weapon disablement systems, electrical interface of the B43, B57, B61 , ator. The small size and simplicity of this equations of state which are useful in a which offers solutions to the technical and B83 nuclear bombs with responses system permits application in a variety of variety of applications. (5530) problems of fully automated initiation and identical to those of an actual weapon. This measurements involving pulsed neutron •Calculations have been completed of the the psychological problems of manual device provides an inexpensive and accurate sources. (2350) effects of large-yield explosions near the initiation of these systems. The concept nuclear bomb simulator for use in the •We completed the first year of a earth's surface. Ground shock, ground provides an additional option to the military Laboratories' aircraft compatibility pro• three-year cost reduction program on the motion and crater formation are investi• commander for responding to an emergency gram and could be employed in military MC2935 unique signal strong link. An gated as a function of height of burst to situation involving the potential loss of aircraft training programs. ( 4320/ 2330) investment of $79K base dollars has resulted provide more accurate predictions of weapons to an adversary. (4360/ 2330) . •We developed a computerized system in a cost savings of $3.6M over the weapon effects. Warhead design depends on •We completed radiation effects testing of for measurement of all interface signals anticipated production run; a pay-off ratio the fuzing option chosen, and this choice various Sandia components and systems on between operational aircraft and nuclear of 45 to one! The MC2935 is used in most requires accurate knowledge of weapon the Miners Iron underground test conducted weapons. This system can gather more data weapon systems being produced or in effects as a function of height of burst. in Nevada. The testing has applications to and process it in the field faster than development today. (2320) (5530) •In the testing of the Pershing II earth radiation effects hardening of present and previous sytems. This system is being used to •We fabricated and tested the first model penetrator system with' a Davis gun, highly future weapon systems. (4360) gather data for aircraft/ nuclear weapon of the MC3524 unique signal strong link. ______.Technical Accomplishments 1980

destructive stresses were created by the One hundred slip rings are available for circuits). The cost savings are expected to •A new turbulence computational pro• pusher plate upon impact with the target. A data. ( 1420) exceed $4 million during production. (2330) cedure developed for the combustion pro• new design for the backplate derived from •Two hundred twelve laboratory system •A navigation computer was successfully gram was used to predict parachute wavecode calculations was proposed and tests and 120 joint system firing tests flight tested on a highly maneuverable behavior on the B83 bomb. The unsteady implemented. The actual environment to involving 22 different weapons in the current reentry vehicle. The computer was designed, wake flowfield around a parachute under• be encountered by the penetrator was stockpile were performed. Four hundred developed and flight qualified in-house and going a large deceleration was simulated simulated more closely, and components twenty-three components from stockpile is an outgrowth of a design previously using vortex dynamics. (8350) were no longer destroyed by backplate weapons were tested and evaluated. (1420) developed for terminal guidance of stand-off • A new corrosion protection scheme for impact. (5530) •The first microprocessor-based sub• weapons. (2330) uranium alloys, using ion-plated aluminum ·•A procedure for the chemical analysis system has entered the nuclear stockpile. It is • A prototype of a navigational computer was chosen for the W79 AFAP and put into for Cr (III) in a 103 excess of Cr (VI) was an electronic programmer for the B61-3 and based on a 16-bit microprocessor has been production in less than one year. This new developed based upon the selective chelation B61-4 weapon systems and performs the built and tested. This version, developed for technique will save about $1M during the and extraction of the Cr (III) with same functions as its predecessor ~ con­ future flight tests, has greater computational production of the W79. (8310) quantitative determination by inductively trolling the entire arming and firing thru-put, smaller volume, and uses less •The first development flight test of the coupled plasma emission spectrometry. This sequence- but costing one-third as much power than previous navigational com• Ground Launched Cruise Missile (W84) was procedure allows measurement of the rate of (savings of $10,000 per weapon), using puters. (2330) conducted in 1980. Requirements/ cost degradation of materials such as B/CaCr04, one-half the volume and only one-fourth the •We have developed a new microwave tradeoffs have been completed and a cost a pyrotechnic, and LiCI/KCI/CaCr04/ weight. (2330) switch that uses lightwaves to couple savings in production of at least $10M is Si02, a thermal battery constituent. (5820) microwave energy between its ports. The expected. (8160) "A laser interferometer dilatometer •The first intent-enabled Trajectory Sens• switch offers outstanding performance in • An improved chemistry specification for which can resolve a length change of 0.4 ing Signal Generator (TSSG) was developed terms of on/ off ratio and reverse isolation austenitic stainless steels was developed from microinches was developed for precise and successfully flight-tested for the B83 while exhibiting a state independent input our studies of the solidification processes in measurement of the thermal expansion of bomb. Being microprocessor-based, it has impedance. The device is particularly alloys. This specification avoids the hot glass ceramic materials used in sealing vastly increased signal processing capability, attractive for a variety of radar applications. cracking experienced in weldments and thus applications. This equipment was designed assuring a safer nuclear stockpile and, at the (5130/2340) provides the capability to improve the to be suitable for use in a production same time, reducing cost by eliminating • A small telemetry system was developed fabrication processes for pressure vessels. environment, although to date it has not hardware. (2330) that encodes eight different 10-kilohertz (8310) been used for this purpose. It is currently in •Equipment has been developed for analog signals, and stores the data in a •A computer program has been developed use as a research tool in several weapons and demonstrating new concepts in the handling half-million bit semiconductor memory for which uses a statistical least squares spectral energy programs. (5820) of classified information for releasing several weeks. The system has successfully correlation routine to improve the sensi• •Investigations of Kevlar 29 narrow nuclear weapons. The new controllers are survived the severe environments of earth tivity, accuracy, and applicability of quanti• fabrics for parachutes resulted in improved the first to incorporate principles of cryp• penetrators entering and traveling into the tative infrared spectroscopy. This method understanding of material properties, fabric tography and to utilize multiple micro• ground to rest. The data is read out after allows quantitative infrared spectroscopy to design parameters, and textile deformation processors in the complex processing of data. digging up the penetrator. (1580) be applied to the analysis of multicom• modes. We developed a woven fabric These controllers are scheduled for fielding •A modified version of the W70 warhead ponent samples with overlapping spectral simulator from guitar string holders which in 1984. (2330) (W70-3) for the Lance Missile, having an features. The method is currently being used permitted inexpensive laboratory modeling •Equipment used for releasing modern enhanced radiation capability, was de• in the analysis of trace gases generated of fabric strength behavior. Use of Kevlar in nuclear weapons has been developed with veloped. The last development flight test was during the aging of explosive materials. B61, 3-4 and B83 parachutes has achieved special emphasis on low production cost, completed at White Sands in October 1980. (5820) substantial weight and volume savings as ease of manufacture and repair, and high (8160) •First use of a Sandia-designed and -built compared with previous nylon parachutes. reliability. This equipment includes a •We identified requirements for new silicon gate CMOS in a weapons system. The (5810/5630) "unibody" design of the supporting structure nuclear weapon systems and significant SA 2908 and SA 2909 were successfully flown •Kevlar Epoxy Laminates, consisting of (replacing numerous brackets and small deployment modifications for Army divi• in B83JTA drop test. (2140) Kevlar 49 cloth and high temperature epoxy individual mounting features) and an sions of the late 1980s. This work was done •Cost saving efforts with cables and resins, have been developed and character• integration of electronics (replacing over a with the Army Training and Doctrine magnetic products have been aimed at more ized for use in the W76, W79, and B83 hundred individually packaged electronic Command. (8320) clearly delineating between design agency weapons, and are also being considered for the W82. (5810) ••Advanced development in the Explora• tory Batteries Division has led to a new generation of thermal batteries based on the Li(Si)/FeS2 electrochemical system. One of these batteries is being developed as the main power battery of the B83, and other applications include JTA batteries for the W85, W84, and W70. The new thermal battery system allows longer life batteries, significant cost reduction, and much greater flexibility in performance than previously available in thermal batteries. (2520) ·•Completed the development and first production build of a miniature ferroelectric neutron generator for the W80 cruise missile. New design techniques provide a combination of small size and long life never before achieved. (2520) ••We developed new high-electric field varistor materials and devices for use on weapon systems including firesets and lightning arrestor connectors. These unique devices provide precise, high-voltage regu• lation previously unobtainable by other means. (2520) •AMEER, a modernized six-degree-of• freedom (6-DOF) trajectory code, was completed in 1980 . It offers at least a 30% reduction in computing times over older 6-DOF codes as well as a number of other useful features such as a generalized input format, choice of several different numerical integrators, 20 atmospheric profiles, vari• able mass, up to five swiveling thrusters, and a center-of-gravity offset. (5630) •A new spinner capability has been installed at Sandia System Test Lab (1424) in Amarillo for the W79 program. It has a capability of 25,000 rpm, with a maximum test load of 1500 pounds. Some capability MC3077 is one of new generation of thermal batteries for temperature simulation is also available. flexibility along with reduced cost. Weapon applications developed in Dept. 2520 that offers longer life and greater include the 883, W85, W84, and W70. and production agency requirements. By eliminating callout of manufacturing in• formation as a design agency requirement, BKC can project an annual cost reduction of $390,000 in these production departments. (2150) •The first firing set (MC3276) with high energy density (HED) Fluorinert capacitor was put into production at BKC for use in the W80 warhead. (2160) •A Process Analysis Lab is now oper• ational, offering processes for fabricating plastics, ceramics, weldments, glass, photo• fabricated and plated items. Services include particle and surface measurements, ther• mally based characterizations, scanning electron microscope, gas chromatograph and Auger spectroscopy. (1470) •The Physical Electronics Lab was modernized. New capabilities include mul• tiple E-beam deposition systems, sequential sputter deposition of three different materials, higher deposition rates, and higher temperature brazing equipment. (1470) •B-61 fins , previously machined, were successfully cast in the foundry at an appreciable savings in time and money. Approximately 100 thin-walled fins were cast to size, requiring a minimal amount of machining. (1470) •Glass ceramics were developed which produced high-strength hermetic seals to corrosion-resistant Inconel and Hastelloy alloys. (1470) • A passive data acquisition system was developed for the B61 Mods 3 and 4 Joint Test Assembly QTA). Data are stored (not transmitted via radio frequency) in a non• volatile (requires no power during storage) and reusable semiconductor memory to read out after vehicle recovery. Data acquisition IN 1980, the Photovoltaic Advanced Systems Test Facility become operational. costs are significantly less than for RF It has capability for testing a variety of photovoltoic collectors and analyzing emitting systems due to lower production test data. Dan Pritchard {4721} stands near an Acurex collector under test. costs and reusability. (1580) •Novel phosphorous pentoxide glasses and aided the collection and synthesis of •Geochemical and mineralogical analysis •Diagnostic failure analysis on Stratapax glass ceramics which have high coefficients reflectance data for a wide variety of mirror of samples obtained by Sandia during cutters used in both geothermal and fossil of thermal expansion and low melting materials and systems. One is a laboratory 1978-79 drilling of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, fuel drilling has identified material weak• temperatures were developed. Hermetic seals instrument which determines reflected in• Hawaii, demonstrated that a residual nesses and improper cutter assembly pro• between aluminum and copper or stainless tensity as a function of collection aperture cedures. Correction of these items has steel were fabricated. (5840) magma zone of 35 volume percent liquid was size while the other is a portable unit which penetrated. These data indicate a broad (4 resulted in properties and performance •Glass for making hermetic seals resistant can be used in field installations. (5820) m) transition zone between magma and the characteristics acceptable for commercial to attack by lithium metal used in lithium/ •The role of storage batteries in resi• upper crust of the lava lake and provide a bits now being manufactured. (5830) sulfur dioxide cells was developed. This glass dential photovoltaic systems has been ana• basis for modeling and interpretation of extends the life of these cells at least tenfold. •Electrodeposited black chrome solar (5840) lyzed. The study defines the conditions geophysical data. (5540) under which batteries are economically •A wind tunnel test was run on parabolic absorbing coatings with greatly imp;oved •Completed a data acquiSition and useful and the technical requirements for trough solar collectors measuring wind loads thermal stability were produced on a reduction system for the various Area V residential batteries. As a result, the study and moments. This provides the only laboratory scale. The solar absorptance of radiation sources. The system provides eight acts as a guide for our research and comprehensive set of wind load data for use standard black chrome degrades approxi• HP9845 computer-controlled test stations for development program. (2520) in design of collector foundations, struc• mately 10% after a few hundred hours at data acquisition. These eight systems are tures, and drive components. (5630/4720) 350°C. Modified bath compositions produce connected, through fiber optic links, to a •A sophisticated battery evaluation labor• •WINMIL, an interactive graphics code, coatings that do not degrade after several time-shared HP1000 central computer atory, using a computer to test batteries in a has been developed to calculate the aero• thousand hours at 350°C, and undergo system which provides mass data storage, simulated photovoltaic power system, has dynamic performance of vertical axis wind <2% change in absorptance at 400°C. A reduction, and output facilities. (2530) been designed and built. Various types of turbines and gyromills. It uses vortex/lifting process for plating the improved black •Developed ultracentrifuge (20,000 rpm; battery systems for possible use as energy line models to calculate the vortices shed by chrome commercially with only minor modi• 40 ,000 g's) test capabilities for weapon storage systems for photovoltaic power each blade as it revolves into and away from fications was established. The improved components at SNLA, SNLL, MF, GEND. systems are being evaluated. (2520/ 2530) the prevailing wind. Calculations of the coating will be widely used in line-focus BKC, and a commercial supplier. Unique strength and trajectory of each shed vortex collectors which operate in the 250°·350°C capabilities include the abilities to withstand •Contracts are in place with NASA/Lewis continue until the vortex's effect becomes range. (5830) detonation of up to 9.0 gm of HE in the test Research Center and Exxon to develop insignificant. WINMIL should be a valuable •The capability of melting and casting package and to communicate electrically advanced flow batteries for storage of energy aerodynamic tool for all DOE vertical axis metallurgical grade silicon into large ingots with the rotating test package through fluid generated by solar power systems. These wind machine programs. (5630) t""' 250 mm dia.) has been developed. The cooled slip rings. (2530) batteries offer the potential for long life, low cost,and low maintenance- these attributes •An experiment was conducted to investi• resulting material has a grain diameter of are required to make storage viable in most gate the departure from nucleate boiling/ - 25 mm and is heing evaluated as a low-cost solar energy systems. (2520) hydraulic instability in support of the substrate for photovoltaic solar cells. (5830) Energy 10-megawatt central receiver solar pilot • A method of coating low elemental mass •Observations of the physical processes plant project in Barstow. In the experiment, materials which can be used in magnetically •Computer wavecode studies of poly• that occur during the combustion of performed by Departments 1530 and 8450 at confined fusion plasma environments has crystalline diamond compact drag bits, used water-in-fuel emulsions have been made by the SNLA Radiant Heat Facility, the been demonstrated. This is important in to cut rock under adverse conditions photographing an evaporating emulsion five-tube panel was tested at heat flux and achieving a high plasma temperature in encountered in geothermal well drilling, droplet. Circulation and coalescence of the water flow rates similar to those of the pilot magnetically confined fusion reactors. have provided insights into rock cutting. water globules and then vapor explosion of plant, as well as those of proposed (5830) The studies will be useful in optimizing drill the water, which shatters the drop, have commercial plant levels (up to 0.6 MW 1m2 •Valve wear is often a limiting factor in bit configurations. ( 5530) been observed. This represents the first incident flux). The experiment provided coal liquefaction reactors. Chemically vapor •The development of two reflectometers quantitative information concerning the fundamental fluid dynamics data that will deposited coatings of TiB2 have been for use in measuring the specular reflectance physical processes involved in emulsion improve the understanding of boiling in a developed which can significantly extend the of solar mirrors has led to standardization of combustion and shows how cleaner com• one-side-heated single pass to superheat life of slurry valves in coal liquefaction measurement techniques and has greatly bustion results from use of emulsions. (2510) solar boiler panel. (1530) reactors. ( 5830) ------Technical Accomplishments 1980

•Low temperature chemical vapor depo• ture gases released from erupting volcanic low permeability restricts fluid flow. This •High-quality gallium phosphide single• sition of boride compounds has been lavas. Identification of gas chemical trends is tailored pulseloading should prove to be an crystal materials have been prepared by the performed using diborane (B2H6) as a likely to precede eruptions of basaltic lavas, effective means of stimulating many low techniques of liquid-phase epitaxy and precursor gas. These hard coatings are and the same codes have proven useful in permeability reservoirs. ( 4730) metal organic chemical vapor deposition. useful on low temperature substrates such as predicting phase equlibria for chemical •We developed a radioactively tagged We have developed stable diode rectifiers hardened steels. (5830) vapor deposition. (5541) catalyst to measure catalyst decay rates and and bipolar transistors capable of operating •Laboratory research conducted over the •The Labs' successful R&D program on mixing effects in a one-ton-per-day coal at 400°C by using these techniques. These last few years has demonstrated that gamma the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine liquefaction process demonstration unit. We electronic devices can be used in a variety of irradiation with Cs-13 7 effectively eliminates (VA WT) has culminated in its being determined mechanisms of deactivation and high-temperature environments, such as the pathogen hazard from sewage sludge. A accepted as a technical and economical tool correlated observed rates with physical/ geothermal and deep oil and gas well prototype irradiation facility has been for generating electrical energy. DOE plans chemical changes in the catalyst. This can logging and in-situ coal gasification. (5150/ designed, constructed and operated. Tech• to install four 100-K w VA WT units at be a valuable diagnostic technique for 5130) nology transfer to the private sector began various locations in the U.S. The VAWT monitoring catalyst aging under actual coal •We have discovered a new phenomenon this year. This technology allows a method program will be a major contribution in the liquefaction conditions. Data can be used to involving differential surface fusion during for municipalities to meet EPA regulations widespread use of wind energy to reduce help develop more active and age-resistant vaporization of an emulsified fuel droplet by for sludge application as a fertilizer or soil national dependence on fossil fuels as catalysts. ( 4730) using high-speed photography and laser amendment. ( 4530) envisioned by the Wind Energy Systems Act •In the support of the Unconventional backlighting. This has important impli• •The development of complex well of 1980. (4710) Gas Resources Program, in-situ experiments cations in the future use of emulsified fuels models for major geothermal resource areas were conducted at NTS to determine factors and in combustor design, such as the down• is complete. These models detail the costs •Sandia conducted the first field test of a which control the height of massive hy• hole steam generator for the "Deep Steam" that can be expected in drilling and non-oxidizing drilling fluid during drilling draulic fractures. Sandia determined, con• project. (5510/ 2510) completing geothermal wells and serve as the of a geothermal well. We found that drill trary to general belief, that in-situ stresses in •We developed a microprocessor-con• baseline for assessing potential cost reduc• pipe corrosion rates fell by a factor of ten geologic formations and not material prop• trolled load and data acquisition system for tions for new technologies. ( 4740) and that no chemical additives were erty differences in adjacent rock strata electrical evaluation of photovoltaic arrays •Successfully tested and evaluated a solar required when nitrogen instead of air was control behavior. Tight gas sand reservoirs of up to 1- K W output. The load operates in system at Coolidge, Ariz., which displaces used. We are developing low-cost methods to of the west may contain as much as 1000 a closed loop feedback mode to seek the electricity used to pump water for irrigation. generate nitrogen at the drill site, which TCF of natural gas. This Sandia finding maximum output power load point. The The resulting system has high efficiency and could reduce the cost of drilling geothermal may prove a significant step forward in how system is capable of monitoring the maxi• reliability and provides guidance for im• wells. Many other potential applications massive hydraulic fractures can be con• mum power available and integrating the proving the design of future solar systems. exist in the oil and gas drilling field. (4740) trolled to unlock these resources. (4730) (4720) reading to obtain the energy produced over •We provided the technical base for and •The Seafloor Earthquake Measurement •Evaluation has been conducted of para• a period of time, making the system ideal for developed the cavern leaching plan for the System was deployed in the Santa Barbara bolic trough thermal collector components long-term evaluations. (2530) Brian Mound salt dome, a part of the Channel and is measuring the response of including reflectors, structures, drive, con• • A data and information system was Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The ocean sediments to earthquakes. Data from trols, receiver, hose, pylons, and founda• established for the National Photovoltaic effort included computer simulation of the system's accelerometers is stored in a tions. In particular, reflector/structures Conversion Program to collect data on solar cavern development with different input microprocessor and recovered via acoustic have been fabricated to required surface photovoltaic systems. A data acquisition conditions and development of storage telemetry. No in-situ data exists on ocean accuracies using automotive stamping/ system installed at each site continuously volume availability curves for oil procure• sediment responses to strong seismic dis• molding processes and glass has been formed records data and transmits it to a data ment scheduling. In addition to providing turbances, which is a major limitation in the using automotive windshield manufacturing reduction center. (2530) support for the SPR, this work also has many design, location and use certification of processes. Development of this solar tech• •The third of three mobile minicomputer• commercial applications. ( 4540) offshore platforms for oil and gas pro• nology is a major milestone leading to the based data acquisition systems has been built •On the basis of geomechanical analysis, duction. (4730) demonstration of parabolic trough solar to support geoenergy field experiments. we identified the need for field data from •We have developed a method to deter• thermal collectors with high performance These systems are designed to record and solution-mined caverns and mines used for mine plasma edge temperatures in Tokamak and long life. (4720) display information from the large assort• oil storage in the Strategic Petroleum and mirror fusion devices. This method, ment of sensors used to monitor in-situ •A turntable on which to mount solar Reserve (SPR). An instrumentation system developed in collaboration with Princeton combustion recovery from similar experi• collectors was brought to operation status. was designed, developed, and put into Plasma Physics Lab, is based on hydrogen ments. (1120) This turntable, the largest of its kind in the operation. -The field data along with saturation trapping behavior in carbon and world, enables maintenance of a constant geomechanical analysis will allow prediction silicon probes. The result of this work is the •The sol-gel process was used to produce sun angle on the collector to obtain stable of the behavior of SPR storage media. This first determination of the plasma edge multicomponent borosilicate and titanate conditions for testing at temperatures up to information will also be useful to other temperature in magnetic confinement fusion glass films. Borosilicate films protected 425°C. (4720) storage programs. (4540) energy experiments. (5110) black chrome from oxidation and titanate •The operational capability has been •We completed geological site characteri• •The trapping, release and exchange of films provided low-cost , anti-reflective developed for testing a variety of photo• zation for four SPR sites, including geology, hydrogen and deuterium in coating coatings for silicon; these coatings will voltaic collectors and analyzing the test data hydrology, salt properties, and natural materials projected for use in Tokamak increase the life and efficiency of solar in the most complete facility of this type in hazards. These data are being used to locate, fusion devices have been studied using ion components. (5840) the country. Test results and evaluations are design, develop and operate solution-mined beam techniques. A theoretical model has •A computer software package, SOLTES used in developing efficient, low-cost photo• caverns for oil storage. ( 4540) been developed which accurately describes (Simulation of Large Thermal Energy Sys• voltaic power systems. ( 4 720) •Sandia completed implementation of a tritium buildup and isotopic exchange in the tems), has been developed and made •Our electronics technology for 275°C video/ computer-based heliostat evaluation materials. (5110) available to the public through the Argonne geothermal well instrumentation has been system to provide data on the alignment, Computer Center. The code does a complete •An unattended wireless telemetry system transferred to the commercial sector. The pointing, and tracking characteristics of energy balance analysis and simultaneously has been measuring and reporting tempera• first complete commercial circuits, manu• heliostats, and to measure the peak flux checks for second law consistency for any tures from beneath a burning coal seam in factured by Teledyne-Philbrick, have been levels and total power in the reflected beam. user-specified configuration of an energy Wyoming for over 550 days. The condition successful in laboratory tests and are being The side-by-side evaluation of heliostat source/load system. The code is sufficiently of the sensors is also reported. Knowledge of readied for use in geothermal wells. The designs provided by two industrial firms was versatile to model both complex and simple temperatures within an oil shale retort or importance of this step in the program is a key factor in the selection of the heliostat power systems. (5510/ 4720) coal seam is important in controlling the that a new, significantly different electronics to be used in the DOE 10-MWe pilot plant. • A new heat transfer code has been energy extraction process. ( 1580) technology is available to the well-logging (4710/1520) developed to describe the natural convection •Silicon solar cells with power conversion industry. (2150) •Sandia completed testing of a water/ of fluid near its critical point through a efficiency above 20% were developed for use •On the basis of laboratory experiments, a steam-cooled receiver which converts solar to porous material. This code includes fully with concentrator systems. (2140) computational model has been developed to thermal energy and produces superheated time-dependent behavior as well as com• •Designed and built a high pressure fuel, determine dynamic fracture and fragmenta• steam at outlet design conditions of l00°F pressibility effects and temperature• air and water supply and control system for a tion of oil shale under explosive loading. and 1450 psia. The tests also demonstrated dependent properties. (5510) small (5,000 BTU/ ht-) steam generator for Application of this computation method satisfactory receiver control for both clear •The Combustion Research Facility application to enhanced oil recovery. The may significantly enhance in-situ processing and partly cloudy sky conditions. This opened at Livermore in October 1980, steam was injected into an oil basin to of oil shale. (5530) receiver panel was a prototype of the design grouping many of the ongoing combustion successfully melt high-viscosity, heavy oil in •Hydrogen ion bombardment has pro• to be used to provide steam for a 10-MWe experiments in one area with access to an economical, enhanced oil recovery duced chemical reactions on surfaces of turbine in the DOE solar pilot plant under powerful lasers and data acquisition equip• experiment. (2160/ 4730) materials in which volatile compounds of construction near Barstow, Calif. (4710/ ment. This facility is open for visitors from hydrogen selectively remove unwanted 8450) •Electrical characteristics of polycrystal• industry, universities and other labs to elements such as carbon, silicon, etc. This •The use of propellants (explosives which line silicon have been improved by intro• conduct combustion experiments or model• technique has applications for surface deflagrate rather than detonate) permits duction of atomic hydrogen into grain ing. (8350) . cleaning or selective modification of tailoring of pressure pulse risetimes in a boundaries. Theoretical models that ac• •Measurements of combustion processes materials for processing, e.g., carbon re• wellbore. Tests at NTS showed this creates curately describe grain boundary electrical in operating engines have been made. Such moval from drill bits prior to attachment by multiple fractures as opposed to single transport in this material have been experiments may permit rapid improvement welding. (5830) fractures from hydraulic fracturing signifi• developed. This represents a new and in engine design, particularly for advanced •Computer codes were developed for cantly enhancing permeability. Many oil exciting option in the preparation of photo• engine concepts and engines which burn inferring the compositions of high-tempera- and gas reservoirs are uneconomic because voltaic devices. (5130/ 5150) alternative fuels. (8350) ------Technical Accomplishments 1980

•Hydrogen gas can be transported permitting direct determination of volatile through the nation's present natural gas contents of magmas involved in these events. IS used as an encapsulant in ferroelectric polymer spectra can be analyzed in terms of pipeline network if precautions are taken. The first measurement of volatile contents in power supplied. (5530) spectra from analogous gas phase molecular Hydrogen-accelerated fatigue crack growth explosive silicic eruptions have been made. •We developed a new method of measur• systems. Auger Lineshape Analysis is a and sustained load cracking in weldments Results are applicable to eruption prediction ing the sputter yields for binary alloys which useful technique for studying metal-polymer must be avoided by either limiting the and hazards assessment, and feasibility of exhibit surface segregation. The time de• interactions during the formation of metal• hydrogen working pressure or by intro• extraction of energy from magma. (5540) pendence of the ion yield of each species is polymer adhesive bonds. (5810) ducing inhibitors into the hydrogen gas. The •Preliminary solubility measurements of monitored during sputtering of a segregated • A capability to model inelastic response costs of these precautions would be minor U02 and Zr02 in molten rock materials surface and the sputter yield calculated from of the earth following earthquakes and compared with the costs of constructing (e.g., granite and basalt) for the reactor the change in ion yield as a function of time. volcanic eruptions has been developed. pipelines dedicated to hydrogen service. safety program are complete. These experi• This provides the capability to rapidly The modeling simulates dynamic processes This was the culmination of a five-year mental measurements are necessary so that determine sputter yields of both species in a occurring in the earth which are observable feasibility study and has large implications the NRC may properly evaluate sacrificial binary alloy. (5820) by measurements made of the state of crustal if the "hydrogen economy" is developed. barriers placed on the floor of a nuclear • A recirculating-flow catalytic reactor has deformation. Modeling and analysis of (8310) reactor. ( 5540) been constructed and coupled to a Fourier earthquake-induced effects will allow under• transform infrared spectrometer. The reac• •The first in-situ observations of the •Mathematical analysis of a fire-spread standing of earth response and mitigation of tor is capable of handling a variety of combustion of pulverized coal particles have network will indicate various collections of earthquake and volcanic risk to structures, reactants at pressures up to two atmospheres been made. High-resolution cinematog• barriers and areas which, protected from nuclear waste repositories, etc. (5540) raphy of 50 to 100 micron bituminous coal and temperatures up to 550K. This reactor fire, would assure protection of a facility's •We developed a thin foil thermocouple and lignite particles revealed a new mechan• is being used in the study of catalyst surfaces critical locations from destruction by a temperature measurement capability for during actual reaction conditions. Using the ism for the formation of soot agglomerates as single-source fire. The less expensive col• solids under shock compression and made stable intermediates during the first 100 newly constructed system, we can examine lections suggest economical fire protection the first successful measurement of in-situ catalyst surfaces on a molecular level while milliseconds of reaction. These studies are schemes. Potential application is mathe• temperature rise in a high explosive. This simultaneously measuring catalytic reaction developing a scientific basis for engineering matical analysis of nuclear power plant fire technique allows temperature measurements rates. Since this is accomplished with techniques to control pollutant emissions. protection. (5640) in shock wave experiments and is very (8350) commercial catalysts under real reaction important for the development of complete •Hydrogen embrittlement, and its effects conditions, basic catalytic reaction mechan• equations of state of materials and for the on materials compatibility for energy and isms can be determined. (5820) proper interpretation of shock-induced weapons applications, is a strong function of Research/ •We applied Auger Lineshape Analysis to phenomena. (5130) the crystal structure of the material. Tritium the study of the surfaces of polyethylene and • Amorphous metal layers have been astoradiography shows that the segregation Sciences poly( ethylene oxide). The study showed that formed on iron surfaces by implantation of hydrogen to defects is more important in ferritic steels than in austenitic ones. (8340) •Use of a new backscattering electron • A unique device was built which allows detector on the scanning electron micro• the observation of the interaction of the scope greatly enhanced microstructural plasma (in a magnetic fusion device) and features. It has enabled direct correlation of candidate first wall materials. These results glass ceramic fracture surface features with are being applied to Tokamak diagnostics. the underlying microstructure. The results (8340) show that the standard method of character• •Silver agglomeration, not corrosion, has izing fracture toughness of ceramics must be been identified as a major contributor to modified for cases where flaw size is small solar heliostat deterioration. This determi• with respect to grain size. (5820) nation was made using surface-enhanced •Generation of a phase diagram system Raman scattering and other laboratory for chemical deposition processes has been techniques. (8340) achieved using advanced multiphase ther• •The first data have been obtained on the modynamic calculations. The technique is a surface processes that are expected to occur major advance m the thermodynamic on materials in fusion reactors. Removal of treatment of CVD processes and will allow surface hydrogen, from materials bom• prediction of reaction products. (5830) barded by ion beams, has been measured. •We have demonstrated that the fracture (8340) mode of a brittle material is dependent on •In collaboration with industry, we have the chemical environment, principally the developed a general finite difference tech• availability of hydrogen. The importance of nique to solve the heat transfer problem of a hydrogen in the fracture of brittle materials wellbore coupled to a geological formation. may necessitate the reassessment of brittle The resulting GEOTEMP code is general fracture theories and experimental tech• enough for use by industry, and sophisti• niques. ( 5830) cated enough for research needs. (5510) •Experiments and theoretical modeling •Two new computer codes were developed have started for describing the formation of for use in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve adiabatic shear bands. These bands of Program (SPR). The first predicts the intense local plastic deformation can sub• cavern leaching rate and shape, while the stantially influence the way in which weapon second predicts the temperature response of components fail. The experimental program the salt dome and the fluid included in the utilizes shock loading, expanding ring, and cavern. The influence of several field/ Hopkinson bar tests to quantify regions of withdrawal cycles on cavern shape and response where shear banding occurs. These volume can now be assessed and the results are correlated with theoretical analy• influence of temperature on cavern pressure ses to develop material constitutive relations response and creep closure can be evaluated. which can be incorporated into computer ( 551 0) codes for simulating weapons response. •For uranium borehole logging we de• (5530/5510) veloped two methods, the first using a pulsed •A different way of representing numbers neutron generator with prompt fission was devised that makes it possible to neutrons, the second using gamma ray compute arithmetic functions in parallel~ spectroanalysis to obtain an elemental assay. in other words, each "digit position" of the The former method may also be applied to result is calculated as a function of only the monitoring of fissile wastes. Both methods "digits" in nearly the same position in the will aid in uranium exploration. (2350) arguments. A bit slice microprocessor, • A comparative assessment of five poten• designed to work in this number system, is 10 tial sites for drilling into hydrothermal• to 30 times faster than the convential system. magma systems has been completed for the (5640) Thermal Regimes part of the Continental • Advanced models of dynamic material Scientific Drilling Program. Sandia co• behavior under general loading conditions ordinated and participated in this joint are necessary for two-dimensional computer laboratory (LBL, Los Alamos, LLNL, SNL) simulations which are used to predict the program and prepared the overall summary. response of weapons components. Experi• (5540/4730) mental impact techniques have been de• USING a new backscattering electron detector, Sandia scientists in Dept. 5820 •Fragments of magmatic material which veloped for producing and measuring have been able to make a direct correlation of glass ceramic fracture surface had not degassed during eruption have been pressure-shear states. A current application found in products of volcanic explosions, involves study of alumina-filled epoxy which features (top) with the underlying microstructure. with titanium ions. The amorphous phase is stabilized by the presence of carbon impuri· ties, and is found to have improved corrosion resistance. ( 511 0) & •We have discovered that ion implanta· tion can be used to increase (by almost a factor of 10, 000) the photosensitivity of lead·lanthanum·zirconate·titanate ( PLZT) photoferroelectronic image storage and display devices. We have developed a theoretical model for quantitative evalu· ation of the ion-implantation-induced pho· tosensitivity enhancement. This develop• ment makes possible electrically alterable nonvolatile optical image storage and processing with greater sensitivity than existing technology. ( 5130/ 511 0) •In covalent systems we have discovered a new type of electronic excitation in which the energy is localized for a time sufficient for bond breaking to occur. A predictive theoretical understanding of the phenom· enon has been developed. This phenomenon relates to the understanding of electronically induced radiation-damage, desorption and surface chemical reactions. (5150/ 5110/ . 5810) •The growth of high quality, single alpha-quartz crystals directly from a fused si lica nutrient has been demonstrated for the first time. This capability is unique to Sandia and is important because it reduces U.S. dependence on foreign sources of natural quartz crystals. (5150) •We discovered the phenomenon of photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) of ions UNDER the Labs' pulsed energy program, construction was high-current, radial-pulse line, linear accelerator in this from surfaces and applied it to the study of completed and initial operations started with the first country. (4250) chemical reactions and physical and chemi· cal properties of metals, semiconductors and and has extended force measurements to photon ionization is a powerful diagnostic •In the technology of chemical vapor oxides. This phenomenon is particularly 100,000 lbf. with an accuracy of t..Ol25%. tool for trace detection of atoms and deposition, two developments are note• sensitive to studies of hydrogen adsorption on (2250) molecules with no chemical separation. We worthy. A sophisticated computer model of surfaces. PSD studies promise to provide new •We developed a chemical system that is applied it for the first time to the study of the chemical vapor deposition of silicon insight into surface properties such as site 100 % efficient in producing excited oxygen rotational relaxation of molecules. We metal, important in fabricating integrated and adsorbate-specific information on the molecules, which, by energy transfer, will be accomplished ( 1) trace detection of mole• circuits and solar cells , has been developed. electronic and structural nature of surfaces used to excite an atomic iodine laser. This cules at low concentration levels that The code has potential use as a design tool important to catalysis, corrosion, and system is inherently simpler and more previously were virtually impossible; (2) for CVD cells. In addition, a linear chemical adhesion. (5110) efficient than any electrically pumped devised a new method for the study of vapor deposition cell suitable for molecular •Three expendable, airdropped thermal fusion laser, and is an outstanding candidate rotational relaxation in ground and excited species monitoring with a laser has been probes, assembled from scrounged com· as the driver for a laser-fusion power plant of electronic levels; and (3) demonstrated an developed. Potential results include liD• ponents and plumbing shop parts, were the future. (4210) ionization source for mass spectrometers that proved microelectronic circuits. (4210) dropped from a helicopter into the ash flow •We demonstrated that resonance multi- will allow isomer identification. (4210) and central dome at Mt. St. Helens. A capability for obtaining low cost, remotely reporting, thermal measurements in a haz<1-rdous environment was successfully derJonstrated. ( 1580) Pulsed Energy •The first experiments using spontaneous Raman scattering for the in-situ study of surface oxides at elevated temperatures are •Construction was completed and initial means by which intense beams of ions will be conducted in the immediate future. These completed. This method is being applied to operation of the first high-current, radial· transported to thermonuclear targets in tests will provide the data base necessary to laboratory studies of high temperature pulse line, linear accelerator in this country fusion reactors. We are testing this concept field breakeven experiments on PBFA-I and oxidation and corrosion. (8340) was achieved. A 26-thousand-ampere, two• with a single-beam transport experiment on PBFA-11 . (4230) • A new Special Materials and Special million-volt electron beam was generated the Hydra accelerator in Area V. Using a •We demoustrated subnanosecond jitter Handling Laboratory is now operational in and post accelerated through four cavities C02 laser to initiate a discharge channel in of high-current, one-half megavolt switches Livermore. Studies are carried out on achieving a final beam energy of 10 million ammonia gas, we can transport most of our using an intense laser beam to command materials without exposing them to air. volts without detectable loss of current. This beam over a one-metre distance. (4240) trigger the breakdown of a gas-dielectric Toxic, pyrophoric or fine-powdered sets the stage for making very-high-current, •After several years of intensive effort, ion spark-gap switch. Laser triggering of multi• materials are worked within this facility. relatively small linear accelerators that can source intensities have reached one trillion megavolt gas switches may provide the best (8310) operate at any desired voltage level with short watts per square centimeter. Using these way to obtain subnanosecond triggering of •We installed two Sandia-designed ad· pulse durations. (4250) powerful beams, it has been possible to study parallel gas switches in large pulse power vanced laser systems in the Combustion •First successful full-power experimental the first ion-induced ablative implosions. systems, such as PBFA. (4210) Research Facility m Livermore. The firing of PBFA accelerator was achieved on The data, recorded using a holographic •We have demonstrated the Metglas frequency-doubled neodymium laser has June 28, 1980. Achievement of design technique, show that highly uniform im· 2605SC could be used as a saturable a 1-joule·per·pulse, 1-microsecond-pulse• electrical parameters ( 1 MJ, 30 TW) was plosions can be produced. Intense light ion inductor switch to achieve significant pulse width output at 3 pps and the dye laser has made on Nov. 7, 1980. The facility is now beams are believed by Sandia scientists to compression at the 100-kV, 50-nanosecond a 5-joule·per·pulse, !-microsecond-pulse• operational. ( 4250) offer the best chance to prove the principles level. This technique may provide a width output at 10 pps. These laser systems •We completed experiments with Phoenix of inertial confinement fusion. ( 4240) replacement for spark gaps in certain will be used to make time- and space• II, a 2000-J, hydrogen-fluoride laser system. •Two recently developed techniques, situations. Future experiments will test resolved Raman measurements of gas tern· This was the first large·scale demonstration magnetic insulation and magnetic flashover power and repetition rate characteristics. perature and density in combusting media. of a high-power system amplification of a inhibition, have made it possible to build (4250) (4210) train of laser pulses without temporal high-power, low-impedance machines which •We have completed our first series of •The Primary Standards Laboratory has distortion. Each pulse was approximately 20 are capable of delivering the high currents tests of an explosively activated opening established a calibration facility for liquid billionths of a second in duration. The (,-v 5 MA) and short pulses (.:::::50 ns) switch whic.h diverts large current pulses into flow measurements covering the range from short-pulse amplification scheme demon• necessary to magnetically implode foils at an electrical load on a submicrosecond time .1 gal/ minute to 170 gal/minute with an strated here is crucial for efficient operation interesting energy levels. With possible scale. Results from a small-scale device have accuracy of ± 1% which will find appli• of high·gain lasers for laser fusion research. applications to inertial confinement fusion, been encouraging and scaling test results cation in solar energy programs; it now uses (421 0) these techniques are especially attractive predict that the switch will operate even a satellite clock to determine absolute time to •Ion beam transport In an electricai because of their simplicity and efficiency. faster at a larger scale. Successful operation accuracies better than 100 microseconds; discharge which is initiated by a laser is the Experiments at the 200 kilojoule level will be of a very fast opening switch would allow us to use inductive energy storage devices, such as magnetic flux compression generators, for a whole new generation of experiments at very high energy levels. ( 4250) •We completed installation of a closed cryogenic system at the Electroexplosive Facility (Bldg. 9990) and can thus continue development of a new pulse generator which combines explosive fuel with large super• conducting magnets. The objective is rela• tively convenient and inexpensive access to high-power electric pulses of unprecedented energy. This is a relatively inexpensive and convenient pulse power source for pulsed fusion, electromagnetic launching, or di• rected energy weapons. (4220)

Nuclear Fuel Cycle [Note: Org. 4400 projects lzsted are NRC reimbursed.] •The single-drop steam explosion experi· ment uses a C02 laser to prepare single drops of molten oxides at very high tempera· tures for release into water. Shortly after injection, a vigorous explosion can occur if triggered with a small underwater pressure pulse. The data obtained is used (a) for theoretical modeling of the steam explosion process, and (b) for quickly and cheaply extending the scope of field scale steam WHAT HAPPENS when molten sodium is spilled on tests simulating molten sodium spills were run with explosion experiments. (5830) concrete is a reactor accident scenario under investigation concrete containers like this. •The Instrumentation and Electrical in Advanced Reactor Research Dept. 4420. In 1980, several Equipment Survivability Group (IEPG) final phenomena is the transition of the inter• run, which show that the molten uo2 is report was completed. This group provided resolution of fuel motion inside opaque action to a highly energetic state that was quenched and shattered into small frag• planning guidance for the recovery of containment. Understanding fuel motion first discovered at Sandia. Modern concepts ments. These tests realistically simulated instruments from the Three Mile Island, during an accident is a first priority in for nuclear reactors involve using liquid reactor accident situations and have been unit 2 nuclear reactor. As a result of this assessing the safety of advanced reactor sodium as the coolant rather than water as in about an OTder of magnitude larger than work, it was possible to focus the efforts of systems. The CAIS is the state-of-the-art tool conventional reactors. The above tests were previous tests. If molten reactor fuel (mainly the TMI reentry and recovery teams on those in providing this information for reactor run to determine what hazards might arise U02) can be quenched and fragmented such instruments which had a high probability of safety analysis.( 4420) in liquid metal cooled reactors should the accidents will be stopped and not pose a providing significant information on. the •We have conducted nuclear fuel dis• liquid metal spill onto concrete in the major risk to the public. ( 4420) consequences of exposure to the environ· ruption experiments under loss-of-coolant reactor. ( 4420) • A comparison of the fragmentation of ment resulting from the TMI/2 accident. flow (LOF) conditions as simulated in nuclear reactor fuel exposed to an in-pile (2350) • A series of advanced reactor safety tests the Sandia ACRR. The knowledge gained neutron pulse and to out-of-pile electrical •A high-output, transportable neutron have been completed in the Sandia ACRR has led to fuel response predictive model pulses has been completed. The comparison generator has been developed to measure under the joint sponsorship of the USNRC verification and development. For licensing of these results has been a major addition to mass flow velocities in reactor safety tests and the United Kingdom AEA. These tests of liquid metal fast breeder reactors, data to the information available on processes that using the Pulsed Neutron Activation (PNA) provided unique high-speed photographic be gained on the sodium coolant LOF could occur in a severe accident. Studies of technique. The PNA generator produces records of reactor fuel failure under simu• hypothetical accident sequence are especi• this disassembly process are essential to the )1010 14 MeV D-T neutrons in a 1.2 ms lated accident conditions. A detailed under• ally needed. ( 4420) understanding of hazards associated with pulse, and its output, flexibility, and standing of fuel failure under realistic •A high-temperature sensor has been accidents at nuclear reactors. ( 4420) constructibility are unsurpassed by any conditions is essential to the estimation of developed and tested in Sandia's ACRR • A furnace facility for heating and commercially available unit. The PNA the potential severity of an advanced reactor rector for the accurate measurement of melting up to one-half ton of uo2 at generator is a critical component of reactor accident. These international tests have temperatures to 5150° F and to measure temperatures to 5l00°F has been con• coolant flow measurements using the PNA provided the first definitive data for temperature gradients with a single sensor. structed at Sandia. This is one of the largest technique, and has been crucial to the developing the necessary understanding of Understanding of events leading up to and ultra-high temperature experimental instal• measurement of reactor coolant velocities fuel failure. ( 4420) following a core meltdown accident at a lations in the world. It is recognized as the 1 m/ s and of flow velocities in coal •The first experiment of a unique series of < nuclear power plant requires that there be only place in the world where realistic gasification plants. (2350) reactor safety tests has been successfully high-quality temperature data. The ultra• experiments on severe reactor accident performed in the Sandia ACRR. These tests •Code Comparison Tests: Two tests of the sonic thermometer provides this data in processes can be performed. The Large used fission heating to create extremely high interaction of about 200 kg of molten situations where conventional devices would Scale Melt Facility will be used to test various temperature melts for safety-related stainless steel with concrete were run. The fail. ( 4420) schemes to protect the public should a purpose was to provide realistic data on dynamic heat transfer measurements. The nuclear reactor experience a severe accident •As part of Sandia's post-accident heat melt/ concrete interactions that could be techniques developed significantly extend that results in meltdown of the reactor core. compared to predictions from computer removal experiment program, a model has current capabilities for measurements in (4420) been developed to predict the heat removal models developed at Sandia and at other relevant safety responses. Realistic simu• •Two major tests were performed on the institutions throughout the world. As these capability of a post-accident rubblized core lation of the thermal and fluid behavior of material interactions of nuclear reactor core codes and tests are compared, an accurate of a nuclear power plant. The model can molten fuel is a key aspect of estimating debris as the materials approach melt. One picture of base mat penetration during a determine whether a rubblized core can be accidents, particularly for state-of-the-art was with a potential "core catcher" material; cooled or whether it will heat up and melt meltdown accident at a nuclear power plant core designs. ( 4420) the other was with fragmented and mixed will develop. This is part of Sandia's effort to down. If it melts, the reactor containment •Completed Phase I of the Liquid Metal core materials (urania and steel). Results better understand severe accidents at may be threatened and radioactivity may Fast Breeder Reactor Accident Delineation will aid in the design of meltdown retention nuclear power plants and the risk these escape into the environment. ( 4420) Study- the first dealing with hypothetical devices which may help to prevent radio• accidents could pose to the general public. •Several tests involving pouring about 400 accidents that could occur in a breeder activity dispersal after a meltdown in a The tests also reveal ways to reduce the risks. lbs. of molten sodium at about 1l00°F onto reactor and the possible consequences. The nuclear power plant. ( 4420) ( 4420) concretes of various types have been run. material assembled during the first phase •A multinational program to study the • A unique diagnostic tool for use in The tests illustrate the nature of an accident provides the basis for further work leading to coolability of damaged nuclear power reactor safety experiments has been de• at a liquid metal fast breeder reactor a risk assessment of breeder reactors and the reactor cores was initiated in 1980, and veloped to record the motion of reactor fuel involving a sodium spill. The tests have establishment of design criteria. (4420) involves experimental techniques developed under simulated accident conditions. This attracted world-wide attention because they •Large-scale tests of the interaction of by Sandia. The program will permit a device uses a coded aperture imaging system reveal all the phenomena that would take about 50 lbs. ofmolten U02 at 5100°Fwith systematic development of a technology base for use in assessing the adequacy of (CAIS) to provide high spatial and time place in a real accident. Among these liquid sodium at about l00°F have been ------Technical Accomplishments 1980

containment of damaged reactor cores, and •A new theory of heat transfer due to document in which the behavior of hydrogen • As part of an extensive program to in supporting the design of future reactor natural convection in horizontal annuli was during hypothetical L WR accidents IS characterize the WIPP site, a typical containment systems. ( 4420) developed and tested. A typical application characterized. This research has begun to "breccia pipe" was cored from top to •We have been conducting an extensive involves nuclear spent-fuel shipping casks. quantify the threat from hydrogen. (4440) bottom. This feature, generally believed to long-term accelerated radiation aging pro· The theory has full predictive and cor· •We have begun evaluation of data from originate with salt dissolution at depth, was gram on numerous commercially formu· relative capability for arbitrary, irregular a facility that simulates the behavior of found to have its origin below the salt in lated cable insulation and jacketing annular geometries and boundary con· emergency sumps in light water rea_ctors carbonate beds. ( 451 0) materials and have proved the existence of ditions. This theory will reduce or eliminate during hypothetical accidents. After an •Planning, research and development dose rate effects in every material studied. the need for extensive experimentation for accident in an L WR, the sump and plus preparation of documentation was These results have important implications heat transfer rates. (5510) associated plumbing must provide long-term started for the DOE/ ALO program for for the qualification of flexible materials for cooling to the reactor. The. capability and remedial action at the nation's inactive nuclear power plant safety applications since • Assisted in the development of an NRC adequacy of existing sump systems is being uranium mill tailing sites. The remedial they indicate that dose rate effects must be document, "Fixed Site Physical Protection evaluated. (4440) action will minimize health hazards to considered before extrapolating high dose Upgrade Rule Guidance Compendium." •Progress has been made in under· people living near the sites. ( 4540) rate accelerated simulations to low dose rate This publication was designed to aid fuel standing of the behavior of steam explosions •A course, "The Practice and Process of ambient conditions. (5810) cycle licensees in the development and during hypothetical reactor melt-down Auditing," was developed and presented to •We have completed construction of a submittal of security plans in compliance accidents. Small- and large-scale experi• 53 Quality Assurance auditors of waste facility, developed a unique experimental with the new upgrade rule requirements. ments and theoretical analysis have been management projects, both nuclear and method, and completed the first series of (4410) combined to study the possibility of reactor non-nuclear. Teams are being selected for intermediate scale steam explosion experi· •The first instrument (a radiation detec· containment failure due to such explosions. both internal (SNL) and external contractor ments. The main objectives of this NRC• tor) removed from the Three Mile Island Results of this study will be used to assess the audits as part of federal quality assurance sponsored work is to quantify the mechani• containment building has been evaluated. risk to the public of severe reactor accidents. regulations. ( 141 0) cal-to-thermal energy conversion ratios as a Failure modes and estimated total radiation ( 4440) • A polymer concrete formulation de· function of fuel-coolant parameters and to dose and dose rate history for this location in • A study of the vapor phase transport of veloped at Brookhaven National Labora· provide data related to the physics of fuel• the building were determined. ( 4440/2340) fission fragments has produced data which tories has been selected as the castable filler coolant interactions. Data from the experi· •Determined for the first time that are being used to explain the low level of material for the heat source implantation ments are being used to construct mathe· adequate simulation of radiation effects in radio-iodine released in the Three Mile rod in the in-situ heat transfer experiment. matical models used to predict the con· reactor safety components can be achieved Island reactor accident. That low release This material was shown to maintain a high sequences of steam explosions due to a core using laboratory sources. This evaluation is rate may lead to substantial changes in compressive strength and not undergo melt accident in an L WR. (251 0) based on computer models and known safety considerations for nuclear reactors. significant corrosion even after long-term •The Reactor Safety Study consequence failure mechanisms of certain materials. (5840) exposures to 300°C seawater, making it an model was modified and applied to provide (4440) •Operational status of the Glove Box excellent candidate for many geothermal technical guidance for major NRC policy· Laboratory (GBL) was achieved in 1980._ applications. (5840) making decisions, including the use of •Developed a design and implementation The GBL has been under construction for •The use of tuff as a geological barrier for potassium iodide as an emergency protective plan for the NRC Nuclear Data Link. This approximately two years and is unique in nuclear waste disposal has required a clearer measure for reactor accidents and the computer-controlled system would signi· that a high purity argon atmosphere is understanding of the thermally-driven fluid establishment of new reactor siting criteria. ficantly upgrade NRC emergency response maintained during work with radioactive flow in tight rocks. For extremely small pore An international comparison study of capabilities by automatically transmitting materials. (4450) size , a new model was needed to account for reactor accident consequence models was data from nuclear power plant sensors to the Knudsen diffusion and capillary effects, as initiated. (4410) NRC Operations Center in Bethesda, Md. •Completed development, installation, they dominate the flow . Such a model has •Analysis of the environmental impact of The NDL allows the NRC to monitor and and checkout of a test system that simulates been developed and proven to give very good radioactive material transport in densely assess plant safety status during an emer• effects of a loss of coolant accident. Purpose results for water migration and loss in a populated urban areas was performed. In gency and provide assistance to licensees. is to develop test methods for qualification of heater test conducted at NTS. (5510) addition to radiological impacts, social (4440) power reactor safety equipment. The system •As part of the NTS Nuclear Waste impacts of radioactive material transport •Tested known defective terminal blocks produces simultaneous environements of Disposal Program, a study of the effects of were investigated as were other non· under severe reactor accident conditions to saturated or superheated steam, chemical joint spacing, orientation, and width on radiological impacts. This analysis provides determine failure and failure-propagation spray, programmed temperature, pro· thermo-hydrological flow in tuffs is under· modes. Thousands of such terminal blocks the technical basis for the Nuclear Regu· grammed pressures, and gamma radiation way. To account for these effects, a are used in nuclear power plants. Our tests latory Commission policy on transportation levels up to four megarads per hour. probabilisitc model has been incorporated in (2530/ 4550) of radioactive materials. (4410) indicated they would still function even if existing finite element, heat transfer codes, •Risk assessments were completed for four certain structural defects were present. COYOTE and MARIAH. Studies of the (4440) operational nuclear power plants in the •The OECD/NEA working group on effect of joint orientation on draw-down into •The aging of important safety systems in Reactor Safety Study Methodology Appli· seabed disposal of nuclear wastes has grown mine drifts has demonstrated the signifi• nuclear plants may affect their ability to cations Program. These studies provided under Sandia leadership to include eight cance of including the jointing in subsequent function during a reactor accident. We engineering insights regarding the effects of member nations. Total level of effort in mine design studies. (5510/ 5520) design features of nuclear plants on public conducted numerous experiments to deter• seabed disposal research of other member risk. ( 441 0) mine the aging characteristics of elastomeric nations now matches that of the United •We developed a technique for simulating materials used in nuclear power plants. States. ( 4530) the migration of trace constituents within a Significant dose-rate effects and combined • After two years of preliminary laboratory convecting medium. This technique does radiation-thermal synergistic effects were testing and physical modeling, extensive not suffer from the numerical restriction found for many materials. (4440/ 5810) field testing has begun to determine the Components (i.e., limitations on the space and time steps) •Completed evaluation of the perform· suitability of welded tuff at the Nevada Test that standard finite-difference, finite· ance of electrical terminal blocks when Site as a medium for geologic isolation of •We completed development and pro· element schemes do. Furthermore, it does subjected to reactor accident environments high-level nuclear wastes. ( 4530) duction of ceramic varistor materials for not have the difficulty that other direct· characterized by steam, heat, and contami• •Continuation of a laboratory test pro· W79 lightning arrestor connectors (MC3550 simulation approaches have in treating nation. Estimated the number of failures gram has led to development of a thermo· LAC). The MC3550 LAC has reproducible radioactive decay chains in which the expected due to voltage breakdown during mechanical model for the response of rock electrical breakdown characteristics and will different species have differing retardations. accidents. ( 4440/ 2160) salt. This model, used in computer analysis serve as a model design for future LAC (4410) •Completed construction of a facility to of the consequences of excavating under· components. (2520) • An investigation of electrical insulators in conduct tests in environments postulated for ground structures, describes the long-term •Increased production yields on high• a reactor accident environment has identi· light water reactor accidents. The tests are deformation of salt under compressive loads. current ferroelectric power supplies for fied connection boards or "terminal blocks" being run to determine if reactor safety ( 5530) neutron generators vary from 30-40% to as the weakest links of the electrical system in equipment will function properly. (4440) •The Bell Canyon borehole plugging test 70%. The yield was raised by developing a reactor containment. Deterioration and •Sandia's fire research facility was com· provided an in-situ evaluation of special ceramic processing techniques which control breakdown statistics for a wide variety of pleted in 1980, and a series of tests have been grouts used to seal penetrations into nuclear grain size and increase mechanical strength. accident situations have been established. run to assess the effectiveness of Halon-1301 waste repositories. A two-metre-long plug, Low yields were jeopardizing weapon pro· (2160) as a fire-suppression system in extinguishing emplaced in a borehole at a depth of 4400 duction schedules, increasing costs, and •The ability to maintain a high-density deep-seated cable tray fires . (4440) feet, was subjected to 1800-psi pressure from causing vendor dissatisfaction. (2520) water fog inside a nuclear reactor con· •Completed four full-scale experiments to a natural aquifer. Tracers were released at •The MC2949A explosive actuator is a tainment building to prevent over-pressuri• study the effects of the impact of a large intervals and permeability of the plug system hot-wire-initiated device that successfully zation following a hydrogen fire has been fragment of a power generation turbine hub was determined. (4510) incorporates a significantly increased pres• shown to be highly dependent upon droplet/ section into a wall section typical of a •The Final Environmental Impact State• sure capacity, electrostatic discharge safety, droplet imeraccions. Modeling results show nuclear reactor containment building. ment for WIPP was released by DOE. and a no-orientation connector. The in· that if all droplet collisions result in Ultimately, these experiments will help Sandia was the primary agency responsible creased pressure capacity and the no· coalescence it is impractical to attempt to ensure safety in nuclear power plants. ( 4440) for this effort. The conclusions show no orientation connector resulted from fabri· maintain a water fog of sufficient density to •As a result of the TMI accident, unacceptable impacts of a radiological cation of the actuator's header from a cool the combustion products enough to hydrogen generation has been recognized as nature. The most severe unavoidable im· high-strength glass ceramic and a matching prevent overpressurizing the reactor con· a potential threat to reactor safety. Fol• pacts are those deriving from any large stainless steel. The result is a compact, tainment. (5510) lowing research, we have published a construction effort of this type. (4510) large-output actuator with improved safety Technical Accomplishments 1980------

that has widespread application in the W79, •Evaluation of tunable-diode laser infra· B83, and W84 systems. (2510) red spectroscopy is complete for the meas· •Testing of lithium-sulfur dioxide cells urement of gas concentrations in samples at Microelectronics revealed they were not capable of the needed atmospheric pressure. A potential applica· •Performed LSI (large-scale integrated • A three-dimensional indexed -sequential continuous operation for five years. Specific tion of the instrument is determining circuit) testing in support of Sandia· file structure has been developed which is causes for premature failures have been decomposition rates of small samples of fabricated radiation-hardened ICs. For used as a generalized data base for identified and corrected. Designs modified explosive materials by measurement of their some 70 circuit types, a total of 12,000 computer-aided design of large-scale m· by SNLA are now available from two evolution of simple gases (CO, C02, N20. silicon slices with approximately 750,000 IC tegrated circuits. All computer codes for commerical suppliers for programs re· NO). (2510) chips, plus an additional 200,000 packaged CAD will interface through a common data quiring five years' continuous service. Poten· •Time histories of the pressure pulse lCs, have been evaluated in the LSI tester structure. (2110) tial applications in weapons (e.g., CMCS), generated by underground nuclear tests facility. This activity is in direct support of •A new Lorlin automated test system safeguards/ surveillance, telemetry, energy were measured by parachuted instruments the CRM. (2110) which has the capability of testing all (e.g., seismic sensors). (2520) deployed from an aircraft. These histories discrete semiconductor devices is now oper· • An agreement has been signed with Intel •We achieved the first development and were compared with histories calculated ational. This test system adds to Dept. to allow Sandia to design and build production of a lightning arrestor connector from observed ground motion, and excellent 2110's ability to test large quantities of any radiation-hardened CMOS versions of a (LAC) utilizing a varistor stimulated arc agreement was obtained. The measurement type of semiconductor in an automated, three-chip 8085 microprocessor family. mechanism. The varistor LAC is an system is being considered for large HE tests. data taking mode. (2110) These ICs will use latest silicon gate CMOS important improvement upon the existing (Ill 0) •Sandia's Semiconductor Device Lab technology and provide new satellite and dielectric stimulated-arc LAC. The V-LAC •Construction is complete and operation supported a wide range of weapon and space weapon electronic systems with a powerful has lower breakdown voltage, much tighter checkout has started on the Large Melt programs by delivering several thousand microprocessor system. (2110) distribution without a high voltage tail, and Facility. It will provide several hundred integrated circuits for development and WR •Considerable progress has been made is trouble free in manufacture. (2150) kilograms of superheated (temperatures to use in high reliability systems. (2140) toward providing a complete computer· •A neutron tube capable of generating 2750°C) melts of oxide fuel materials for use •The first microprocessor-based telemetry aided design capability (including simu· 1010 14 MeV neutrons in a 1.2 ms pulse has in material interaction studies related to system was flown at Tonopah on a B83 drop lation, layout, testability analysis, design been developed. A unique feature of the reactor safety programs. (1530) test. This microprocessor system has an verification, and documentation) through a design is its complete demountability, •Gamma-ray spectra were obtained from inherent flexibility permitting it to be used single uniform designer interface. (2100) permitting easy replacement or modification specific celestial sources and digitized by an in various programs with only software of critical components. The ultimate opera· 8192 d1annel, balloon-borne telescope •Programs have been developed to place changes. This capability offers significant tiona! lifetime is expected to be in excess of 140,000 feet over Palestine, Texas. (1580) and interconnect subcircuits of large scale savings in development efforts and pro· 3000 operations. The tube represents a •Continuous measurement of the reces· and very large scale integrated circuits. The duction costs. The telemetry electronics significant improvement over other neutron sion of nose tips and ablation of heatshields programs lay out circuits which approach include two custom gate LSI chips designed tubes because of its repairabilty and ease of on experimental reentry vehicles has been the efficiency of manual designs. (2110) and fabricated at Sandia. (8450) fabrication. (2350) achieved with cadmium telluride crystals •Development is complete and production detecting gamma ray backscatter from the started on thermal flashblindness protective outside surfaces. (1580) goggles for the Strategic Air Command •Techniques, processes and equipment Quality Assurance (SAC). The devices use electrooptic ceramic were developed to centrifugally cast glass titanate). Deployment of these devices with ceramic materials into intricate cylindrical • A comprehensive, unified theory of • A formalized Receiving Inspection func· SAC is underway. (2520) shapes. (14 70) managing environmental, safety and health tion has been reactivated at Sandia in programs which provides cost-effective, "sys· compliance with ALO Quality Program · tematic assurance of safety" (a vital need requirements. The inspection activity has identified by the President's Commission on been initiated to reduce the possibility of the Accident at TMI) has been completed. potentially nonconforming material being This new approach appears to provide a accepted and paid for by SNLA. (1410) realistic and flexible framework in which the •Significant improvements were made in reduction of detailed regulations and the the Welding Lab to enable a more decentralization of government responsi· complete welding development function. bilities may be logically accomplished The support includes the following proc· without sacrificing national environmental, esses: electron beam, laser resistance, pulsed safety and health goals. (1410) gas tungsten, and metal arc welding. A staff of process engineers and craftsmen support •Some 70 quality program plans have this activity. ( 14 70) been developed and implemented among •Energy-saving measures, applied to various Sandia technical and administrative Machine Shops and Process Development organizations. The plans provide con· Labs equipment, include installation of fidence that facilities, operations, systems, Power Factor Controllers which are saving material or components adhere to con· 25% of the energy formerly used by the tractual and/ or design requirements. ( 141 0) equipment. (1470)

Computing

•A computer code (ZAP) has been •The new Cray 15 computer installed at developed to model the vacuum consumable Livermore permits our staff to solve prob· arc remelt process. This code is based on a !ems that were previously beyond our magnetohydrodynamic flow model which is computer capability. Computer users are capable of producing time-accurate solu• already using 80% of the Cray's available tions of the interdependent fluid flow time. (8330) solidification processes in the ingot. Mathe• • A purchasing document production matical simulation of this process will enable system was completed. This system, which the experimenter to attempt to control runs on a DEC PDP 11 /70 and DEC word macrosegregation by application of external processing equipment, assists in the prepara· magnetic fields. (5830/ 2640) tion of complex purchasing documents. •A network linking dedicated stand-alone Features include automatic paragraph selec· minicomputers throughout the Labs to each tion, signature page preparation, and other and to the central computing facility reference to documents known to be in the was completed and became fully operational. supplier's possession. (2640/ 3730) It provides communications and file transfer •The nuclear materials management and a job dispatching exchange which system was completed. This system, which greatly expands minicomputer usefulness. runs on an HP3000 minicomputer, tracks (2640) movement of nuclear materials at AI· •A distributed computing network has buquerque, maintains an inventory and been started. It will connect general purpose interfaces with DOE standard reporting super minicomputers in technical line systems. An audit by DOE of the systems resulted in an "outstanding" rating, only the ~tarted organizations to the central scientific com· IN Dept. 2520, development was completed and producti.on on thermal second ever given. (2620/3430) flashblindness protective goggles for use by the Strategic A1r Command. puting complex. (2640) Testing

• An unusual instrumentation photo (see as new mobile cinetheodolites. With im• cover photo) of a weapon test was made by proved flexibility and reliability, the new photographers of Section 8413-1 . The photo equipment provides real time display of catches the flight of a W79 projectile as it tracking parameters, greatly improved emerges from the muzzle of an artillery piece quick-look analysis of radar and TM data, at the Army ordnance facility at Yuma. and speeds up by a factor of 30 the (8410) film-reading data reduction step for cine• •A swept random vibration superimposed theodolite film. (ll70) on a stationary random vibration profile digital control technique was developed to • A testing method has been developed control electrodynamic vibration shakers. allowing rapid heating of a reentry vehicle This allows a better simulation of certain nose tip for a few seconds prior to striking it time-varying real world environments. It with an explosively accelerated target also allows some modified random vibration moving at thousands of feet per second. This tests to be conducted that would be beyond testing allows verification that impact the power rating of the shaker systems if sensors operate properly under extreme conducted in the usual manner. (1540) conditions of flight and impact. The expense • A tracking system which can document of full scale flights is avoided, and wide with high-speed photography critical areas bandwidth measurements not otherwise in the trajectory of bombs and missiles has attainable are possible. (1530) been designed and built and is now in the implementation stage in the Coyote Test •Sandia-designed auxiliary closures are Field Complex. This system, which is slaved used as experiment protection mechanisms to Sandia's Laser Tracker at distances up to in horizontal line-of-sight underground two miles, can provide extended coverage of nuclear effects tests at NTS. High pressure longer tesring trajectories and superior gas drives two massive overlapping 12-inch• high-speed photography data. In addition, thick aluminum sliding gates across a since the system is unmanned it may be 72-inch-diameter pipe in about 35 ms. One placed in potentially hazardous areas with• new unit, designed to provide gas sealing in out involving personnel risk. (1520) addition to debris arrest, was functionally •The end of a computer era occurred tested during MINERS IRON in October when the Sigma-5 Xerox computer system in 1980. Results indicate gas sealing can be Area III was replaced with an HP1000 achieved. This gas-sealing capability in the computer system which occupies about 18% 72-inch auxiliary closure may permit the of the space and consumes less than 2% of elimination of a tunnel and pipe seal unit TO CLOSE AN OPENING across a six-foot-diameter line-of-sight pipe, Dept. 1130 the power. This system processes data from with a considerable savings in cost and time, came up with two overlapping 12-inch-thick gates which achieve closure in 35 the sled track, cable facilities, drop tower, and up to $2 million per nuclear effects test. milliseconds. Here Dick Teisher (1130) examines one of the gates, tested in the etc. ( 1520) ( 1130) MINERS IRON experiment in Oct. 1980. •·A facility permitting exposure of devices to carefully controlled fires simulating aircraft crash conditions has been built. With it, the first x-ray motion pictures verifying nuclear weapon safety were filmed. The facility aided in development of the LAARC shipping container for nuclear Safeguards material. (1530) •A new digital data acquisition system for underground testing was developed and successfully fielded on a nuclear test. The •We have developed a detection method nuclear materials. This system will shortly be Air Force evaluation. A system for evalu• system will digitize up to 256 transient data for protecting a particular special nuclear delivered to Hanford for test and evaluation. ation is planned at an Air Force base in channels, store them in temporary memories material (enriched 235u) from diversion; after which a six-portal system will be built Germany and, if successful, it can provide underground, then retransmit the data to a the method monitors items that may contain and installed at the fuels and materials the Air Force in Europe with a significant recording trailer and to the test control 235u and which may be shielded for examination facility at Hanford. (1720) improvement in operational readiness with center. This system provides the experi• concealment. The detection of 235u, di• enhanced weapon survivability. ( 172j)) menter with report quality data plots •We have developed a system for moni• rectly or by implication, through neutron minutes after the event. (ll20) toring the movement of light water reactor shield detection provides the necessary (LWR) spent fuel passing into or out of a •The experimental computerized alarm "Designed, pre-flight tested, and launched information to prevent passage. This spent fuel storage facility. This system display system (ECADS) was upgraded to two 2-stage STRYPI VIII-R rocket sys• method is being developed for the inter• automatically stores the time and date of include closed circuit TV for alarm assess• , terns for a re-entry test of a SWERVE II national safeguard requirement calling for each fuel movement along with an anno• ment purposes. This facility can provide payload. All systems performed successfully. an unattended material/ equipment pass• tated picture to document the event, and it highly realistic simulation of security con• ( 1520/ 5630/ 1580) through for nuclear facilities. (2350) incorporates self-protecting features to deter soles for safeguards equipment planning, • A digital acquisition and analysis system •We have completed production of tampering or deception. This system will aid evaluation, and training. (1720) (DASSY) has been designed and built to equipment for a communications and the IAEA in monitoring compliance with display system designed and developed for record up to 70 channels of low signal level international agreements by foreign and •We completed installation of closed the Air Force Base Security Upgrade Pro• data at sample rates selectable from 0.5 domestic fuel storage or reprocessing facil• circuit television systems at 22 Air Force sample/ sec. to 400K samples/ sec. Up to gram. The system interfaces with intrusion ities. (1760) high-value storage sites. These systems help sensors and communicates data to a remote 4096 samples are simultaneously stored for assess the causes of alarms generated by display manned by Air Force security police. •We have built boiling water reactor fuel each channel and are available following an intrusion detection sensors. Availability of experiment in a format that allows im• System equipment is being deployed to Air assembly identification devices (FAIDs) and this system reduces the requirement for mediate and complete analysis. (1120) Force bases worldwide to upgrade security use their inherent and designed ultrasonic personnel to perform assessment functions, • A verified theoretical model of a for weapon storage areas and alert aircraft characteristics for unique identity and for thus releasing them for other security duties. "residual stress cage" for underground parking areas. (1730) tamper indication. International safeguards (1730) explosions with HE experiments in tuff at •The first of seven special escort rail for power reactor fuel require a unique fuel identification system which can also detect NTS has been developed. This residual stress coaches for the Transportation Safeguards •An unattended-personnel portal for use any tampering with the fuel assembly. cage is vital for the containment of Division at ALO was delivered. Each coach in an international safeguards system at fast (1760) underground nuclear tests, and its con• provides safe, comfortable living quarters critical facilities has been designed, built, firmation and understanding will contribute for couriers who accompany special rail •We developed for the Air Force a digital and evaluated. Features include special to the economy and safety of future test shipments. (1710) signal processing method for intrusion nuclear material detection using both programs. (lllO) •An automated portal system has been sensors using adaptive signal processing. The gamma and neutron detectors, metal detec• •On April 21, 1980, the new 8500-sq. -ft. developed that automatically controls access technique significantly reduces alarms tion, tamper-safing features, and alarm Operations Center was dedicated at TTR. It to a high security area without guard caused by nuisance sources and. at the same recor4ing equipment. This devise, an R&D i5 the mo5t visible ponion of an $8 million intervention until there is an alarm. It time, maintains a high probability of vehicle, allowed investigation of portal modernization of the TTR that included a utilizes positive identity verification (hand detection. The method will materially design features such as background shield• new dual CPU central computer system with geometry), a weapons detector, a nuclear improve performance of deployed sensors. ing, unattended operation, volumetric metal interactive graphics displaying tracked tar• material detector and an explosives detector (1730) detection, the integration of both gamma get parameters, improved data transmission to prevent the entry of contraband (ex• •A prototype weapons storage vault has and neutron detection, and tamper safe and telemetry recording capabilities as well plosives and weapons) and the theft of been designed, built, and is currently under designs. (1750) Technical Accomplishments 1980

•A closed-circuit TV has been developed •Our security forces experimentation and safeguards shipping package. This package, can be used to admit people to specific through the production stage to provide an evaluation activity involving laser-equipped known as the PAT-2, was developed in the locations and to monitor emergency exits in unattended surveillance capability for inter• weapons and detector-equipped "players" LAARC (lightweight air-transportable ac• hazardous areas. ( 1580) national safeguards. The International has been used for tactical training of over cident resistant container) program, will be Atomic Energy Agency will use the system to 200 DOD personnel and some 1550 security licensed for international safeguards nuclear •Safeguards Automated Facility Evalu• help verify that nuclear material is not being personnel at 12 DOE facilities. For the first material shipments, and will support IAEA action (SAFE) and Safeguards Network misused. (1750) time, security personnel can realistically non-proliferation efforts. (1720) Analysis Procedure (SNAP) has been trans• •Working for the Department of State, we experience force-on-force simulated combat ferred to NRC for use in safeguards are applying technology developed in in a safe environment, enhancing their assessment of reactor facilities. These nuclear safeguard programs to enhance preparedness for threats to nuclear materials • A portal for reading more than 11,000 methods have also been transferred to the physical secu rity at foreign service posts. storage and transport. (1710) personnel credentials (badges) per hour was Naval Surface Weapons Center (NAVSWC) This program will give increased protection developed. The electronic credential may for analysis of shipboard security problems. to Americans and American property at •We have designed, developed, and pass through the portal with any orientation, SAFE and SNAP, developed by Sandia, more than a hundred diplomatic posts. demonstrated to international users an does not have a battery, but is energized by represent state-of-the-art safeguard model• ( 1760) extremely safe air-transportable plutonium the portal's magnetic field. Multiple portals ing. (4410)

Reimbursable

•More than 15 ,000 CMOS, digital logic devices, neutron irradiated and then 100% re-tested, were produced for an Air Force satellite program. This irradiation precludes device latch-up in a high gamma dose rate environment. (2110)

• An implantable insulin delivery system for treatment of diabetes has been developed in a cooperative program between the UNM Medical School and Sandia. The device is remotely programmable and delivers insulin of a wide range of background (basel) and mealtime (bolus) rates. Several units have been implanted in dogs and implantation in humans is planned. In another aspect of this project, a newly installed 400 watt pulsed laser welding system has been used to show feasibility for completing hermetic closure welds in hardware associated with the project. (2150/ 5830/ 2320/ 2330)

•The feasibility of building an intense neutron source for use in cancer therapy has been demonstrated. Recent achievements indicate that neutron intensity and system lifetime are adequate for a hospital-based neutron source. (2350)

Published every other Friday SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES An Equal Opportunity Employer

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA TONOPAH, NEVADA Editorial offices in Albuquerque, N .M. Area 505 844-1053 FTS 844-1053 ZIP 87185 In Livermore Area 415 422-2447 FTS 532-2447

john shunny is editor & don graham ass't. editor

carl mora & norma taylor write louis erne does picture work aided by gers.e martinez

PROTOTYPE weapons storage vault was designed and built barry schrader reports livermore. by Dept. 1720 and is being evaluated by the Air Force for use at its bases. Work falls under safeguards program.