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Lao People's Democratic Republic LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Disclosure Authorized Additional Financing Scaling-up Participatory Sustainable Forest Management Lao PDR Public Disclosure Authorized AF-SUPSFM Preparation Team Public Disclosure Authorized Vientiane, Lao PDR 25 October 2019 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ........................... 10 2 Predecessor Projects ............................................................................................................. 12 1.1 FOMACOP ................................................................................................................. 12 1.2 SUFORD ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 SUFORD AF 2009-2011 ........................................................................................ 13 1.4 SUPSFM 2013-present ............................................................................................ 14 3 AF-SUPSFM .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Project Components of AF-SUPSFM ..................................................................... 16 4 The Legal and Institutional Setting .................................................................................. 25 4.1 Programmes and Policies ............................................................................................ 25 4.2 Lao Peoples' Democratic Republic Laws and regulations ................................ 26 4.3 Judicial Bodies – the courts ........................................................................................ 27 4.4 Strengthening dissemination of legal information and increasing legal awareness ..................................................................................................................................... 28 4.5 Key national regulations.............................................................................................. 29 4.6 The World Bank Operational Policies and Directives ........................................ 35 5 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Proposed Project ............... 41 5.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 41 6 Expected Impact .................................................................................................................... 42 6.1 Social Impact .................................................................................................................. 42 6.2 Environmental Impact .................................................................................................. 43 7 Lessons learnt from past experiences .............................................................................. 43 7.1 Free, Prior and Informed Consultation Process .................................................... 44 7.2 Mainstreaming ethnic and gender work approach ............................................... 45 7.3 Village Forestry Committeees and Village Development Committees ......... 50 7.4 Benefit sharing from forest harvest revenues ........................................................ 52 7.5 Village development grant and Village Fund ....................................................... 54 7.6 Application of safeguards measures ........................................................................ 55 7.7 Gender equity ................................................................................................................. 56 7.8 Capacity of project beneficiaries .............................................................................. 58 2 7.9 Land acquisition/resettlement .................................................................................... 59 7.10 Grievance and conflict resolution mechanisms ................................................ 60 7.11 Participatory Sustainable Forestry Management PSFM ................................ 62 7.11.1. Illegal logging ........................................................................................................ 62 7.11.2. Biodiversity conservation ................................................................................... 62 7.11.3. Pesticide use ........................................................................................................... 63 7.11.4. Fire ............................................................................................................................ 63 7.11.5. Unsustainable use of NTFPs ............................................................................. 64 7.11.6. Health and Safety.................................................................................................. 64 7.11.7. Habitat alteration .................................................................................................. 65 7.11.8. Soil and Water Quality, Hazardous Materials, Visual Impacts, Noise and Vibrations ............................................................................................................................. 65 7.11.9. Environmental Awareness ................................................................................. 66 7.12 Forest Landscape Management............................................................................. 66 7.13 Land tenure ................................................................................................................. 67 7.14 Monitoring and evaluation ..................................................................................... 67 8 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT BENEFICIARIES/ AFFECTED PEOPLE ....... 68 8.1 Coverage of Field Implementation ........................................................................... 68 8.2 Demographic data ......................................................................................................... 71 8.2.1. Demography of Lao PDR ....................................................................................... 71 8.2.2. Demographic and Social Setting of AF-SUPSFM .......................................... 74 9 Ethnicity profile ..................................................................................................................... 75 9.1.1. Ethnicity profile of Lao PDR ................................................................................ 75 9.1.2. Ethnicity profile of AF-SUPSFM ........................................................................ 78 9.1.2.1. SUFORD areas ...................................................................................................... 78 9.1.2.2. SUFORD AF areas (additional) ....................................................................... 78 9.1.2.3. SUPSFM (additional) ......................................................................................... 79 9.2 Ethno linguistic groups ................................................................................................ 81 9.2.1. Mon-Khmer groups .................................................................................................. 81 9.2.2. Katuic speaking groups ........................................................................................... 83 9.2.3. Bahnaric speaking groups: Tarieng profile ....................................................... 85 9.2.4. Khmuic groups: Pray ............................................................................................... 86 9.2.5. Hmong-Iu-Hmien groups ....................................................................................... 88 9.2.6. Sino-Tibetan Groups ................................................................................................ 89 9.2.7. Akha profile ................................................................................................................ 89 9.2.8. Kim Di Mun (Lao Houay) - Lantene .................................................................. 90 9.2.9. Lahu – Kui – Mussur ............................................................................................... 90 3 9.3 Customary authorities and decision making in ethnolinguistic categories ... 91 9.3.1. Hmong-Iu-Hmien and Sino-Tibetan groups ..................................................... 93 9.3.2. Tibeto-Burmese groups ........................................................................................... 93 9.3.3. Lao-Tai groups........................................................................................................... 94 9.3.4. Mon-Khmer groups .................................................................................................. 94 9.4 Weakening customary structures and social implications ................................. 95 9.4.1. Gender .......................................................................................................................... 96 9.4.2. Residence Patterns .................................................................................................... 96 9.4.3. Birthing customs ....................................................................................................... 97 9.4.4. Division of Labor .....................................................................................................
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